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El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo analizar y proponer un plan de mejora que permita el mejor desarrollo de las labores de los practicantes y contribuya al área en la que se encuentra de modo que permita cumplir con las fechas limites de entrega de la información, presentando dos alternativas que les ayudará a agilizar algunos procesos y permitirá facilitar a futuros practicantes algunas de estas labores. The objective of this project is to analyze and propose an improvement plan that allows the best development of the work of the practitioners and contributes to the area in which it is located in a way that allows compliance with the deadlines for delivery of information, presenting two alternatives that will help streamline some processes and will facilitate some of these tasks to future practitioners. Profesional en Negocios Internacionales Pregrado

Background and Aim: A healthy joint is an important structure for the proper movement of the camel limb. Intra-articular (IA) injection is frequently used in veterinary practice for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of joint injuries. Thus, the current study aimed to describe the injection of the hindlimb joints in dromedary camels based on the anatomical and arthrographic-guided landmarks. Materials and Methods: Eighteen orthopedically sound adult camels (mean±standard deviation age: 78±12 months) of both sexes were included in this study. Three camels were euthanized to identify anatomical features in the hindlimb joints and related structures. IA injections were performed in the hindlimbs of 5 camel cadavers to evaluate the optimal IA injection site, which was confirmed by arthrography. The optimized IA injection technique was applied in 10 live camels and confirmed by arthrocentesis and arthrography. For each joint, injection criteria (number of attempts, difficulty of injection, and successful injection) were assessed, scored, and statistically compared to the other joints. Results: The summation of IA injection criteria scores was significantly higher (p

Background Correct diagnosis and characterisation of deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) lesions in equine athletes allows targeted treatment and improved prognostication. Objectives To assess the prevalence and character of pathological change within the DDFT in the pastern with concurrent tendon injury distally. It is hypothesised that tendon lesions in the pastern will be associated with tendinopathy within the hoof capsule. Study design Retrospective descriptive case series. Methods Cases with DDFT lesions in the pastern and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasonography of the foot were evaluated retrospectively. Lesion location and type were recorded. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the associations between more distal tendinopathy and the presence of different DDFT lesion types in the pastern. Results Thirty-four MRI scans of 33 horses and 64 ultrasonographic exams of 58 horses were analysed. Lesion location and type were recorded. Distal DDFT lesions were found in 75% (95% CI: 66.0-84.0) of total cases of pastern DDF tendinopathy and in 97% (95% CI: 91.6-100.0) of cases with core lesions of the DDFT in the pastern. A core lesion in the pastern was significantly more likely (OR = 20.7, 95% CI: 2.2-191.0; P = .008) to be associated with injury in the foot than other types of pastern lesion. Main limitations MRIs of the foot were not obtained on all included limbs which did not allow for fully inclusive evaluation of DDFT lesions distal to the navicular bone. Conclusions DDFT pathological change in the pastern, particularly core lesions, is associated with additional tendinopathy within the hoof capsule. When a DDFT lesion is found in the pastern, further imaging of the tendon within the foot is indicated to direct appropriate treatment and improve prognostication.

This study was designed to evaluate and compare the optimal sites for intra-articular (IA) injection into the digits of buffalo by discrimination of the injection criteria. Forty-eight cadaveric hind digits of adult buffalos and nine live ones were assigned for three trial investigations. In the first division, eighteen sound cadaveric limbs were used to describe the anatomical features of the hind digit. In the second division, thirty cadaveric limbs (ten for each approach) were injected with an equal volume of iopamidol through relevant joint pouches to compare the dorsal, lateral and plantar IA approaches for each joint. The former technique was applied to nine live, healthy adult buffaloes to evaluate the accuracy of IA injection of the hind digit in vivo. Injection criteria were assessed, scored and statistically compared among the three approaches. The summation of injection criteria scores showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the dorsal and lateral approaches for IA injection of the fetlock, pastern and coffin joints in the buffalo digit compared to the plantar one. However, median and range of injection criteria scores between the dorsal and lateral approaches were slightly less significant. In conclusion, the present study established a reference for IA injection of the buffalo digit that could aid the diagnosis and treatment of digit-related lameness.

In this study, a morphometric investigation was carried out on the Akbash Turkish shepherd dog breed using 30 exterior parameters. The study consisted of 96 dogs (54 males and 42 females) ranging in age from 2 to 9 years. All dogs were bred in the West Anatolia region of Turkey, around the city of Eskisehir. The following exterior parameters were measured and their means were obtained: height at withers (65.22±3.99 cm), height at mid-back (62.24±4.24 cm), height at rump (64.97±4.16 cm), height at base of tail (58.2±5.01 cm), height to elbow (36.07±4.06 cm), height to knee (35.83±4.96 cm), height to hock (17.08±3.21 cm), height to tip of sternum (45.12±4.30 cm), body length (70.58±5.58 cm), chest depth (29.58±3.23 cm), chest width (21.02±3.18 cm), breast width (16.86±3.41 cm), chest circumference (77.86±7.05 cm), pastern circumference (13.27±1.67 cm), rump length (19.21±3.27 cm), pelvic width (8.65±2.18 cm), rump protuberance width (7.58±3.02 cm), head length (27.20±2.85 cm), skull length (16.58±1.92 cm), muzzle length (10.30±2.35 cm), skull width (14.06±1.96 cm), muzzle width (7.60±1.26 cm). According to the obtained morphological characteristics the dog has a rectangular body format, and the rump is somewhat higher than the height at the withers. According to its craniological characteristics it belongs to the group of mesaticephalic dogs. The width of the skull is smaller than its length. Angles of the hind legs are more open than angles of the front legs.

The purpose of this study was to describe normal magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic anatomy of pastern and coffin joints in Egyptian buffalo using cadaveric distal limbs. This study was achieved using twelve fresh cadaveric distal limbs from adult healthy buffaloes of both sexes. These cadaveric limbs were scanned using a 1 Tesla MRI scanner and CT scanner, injected with red latex, frozen at -20°C for 1 week, and then sectioned into sagittal, dorsal and transverse slices. The obtained MR and CT images were selected to be matched with their corresponding anatomical cross-sections for identification and evaluation of the clinically correlated anatomical structures of the pastern and coffin joints. The difference in signal intensities on CT and MRI scans amongst the tissues allowed clear differentiation of major bone and soft tissue structures of the pastern and coffin joints. CT provided a high spatial resolution of bone and soft tissue structures, however, MRI allowed a better and higher resolution and definition between soft tissues. The current study provided a normal CT and MRI anatomic reference which could help veterinary clinicians for interpretation and diagnosis of the clinically affected pastern and coffin joints in buffalo.

Working equids rely on sound, balanced hooves, but data describing the typical morphology of the legs and feet of working donkeys are currently lacking. To address this gap in knowledge, the front and hind feet of twenty healthy working donkeys were measured and compared. Hoof width, weight-bearing lengths, heel width, dorsal hoof wall length and lateral and medial heel length of the hoof wall were determined, as well as toe angle, heel angle, hoof pastern axis, coronary band angle and a measure of 'ground surface size'. Viewed from the ground surface of the foot, front feet were more rounded and significantly larger than hind feet. Measures of medial-lateral balance and toe-heel angle ratio were within the recommended healthy guidelines for horses. Hoof pastern axis was broken forward for the studied animals, which supports previous research suggesting that a broken forward hoof pastern axis is normal for donkeys, although further study would be required to confirm whether this conformation is natural. Significant correlations were found between estimated body mass and hoof width in both the front and hind feet. These measurements provide valuable insight into the relationship between hoof and body characteristics, which may aid the development of guidelines for the trimming and management of working donkey hooves. Further study is, however, advised to confirm natural hoof conformation.

Osteoartrite interfalangeana proximal é causa comum de claudicação em equinos e técnicas de artrodese nesta articulação fornecem um favorável prognóstico atlético para os animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar duas técnicas minimamente invasivas para artrodese da articulação interfalangeana proximal (AIP), analisando as propriedades biomecânicas em um teste dinâmico não destrutivo, seguido de um teste compressivo até a falha. Foram comparadas as técnicas utilizando três parafusos corticais transarticulares de 5,5 mm inseridos em compressão (3PCs) e a com dois parafusos de compressão multiusos canulados transarticulares de 7,0 mm (2PCMs). O delineamento experimental incluiu 6 pares de membros torácicos de equinos ex vivo; sendo que cada par recebeu aleatoriamente em cada membro um dos tratamentos propostos. O ensaio dinâmico foi realizado alternando ensaios de compressão não destrutivos a uma taxa de deslocamento de 5 mm/min até -5.000 N e ensaios cíclicos de compressão senoidal a 6 Hz usando uma amplitude de 3.600 N por 8.550 ciclos. A rigidez do constructo e a rotação dos marcadores da AIP sobre o plano sagital (RMPS) máxima foram determinadas durante o teste dinâmico. Após o teste dinâmico atingir 136.800 ciclos, o teste de compressão monotônico até a falha foi realizado em cada construto com a mensuração da carga, deslocamento e RMPS na falha. Os dados foram avaliados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. As variáveis com distribuição normal foram analisadas por ANOVA e as que não atenderam à distribuição normal foram analisadas com Kruskal-Wallis. As propriedades biomecânicas avaliadas não mostraram diferença estatística entre os grupos de tratamento 3PCs e 2PCMs em nenhuma das rampas do ensaio dinâmico não destrutivo e também no ensaio de compressão monotônico até a falha. Em conclusão, o tratamento 2PCMs possui propriedades biomecânicas equivalentes ao tratamento 3PCs para artrodese da AIP. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint osteoarthritis is a common cause of lameness in horses, and arthrodesis techniques in this joint provide a good athletic prognosis for affected animals. The objective of this study was to compare two minimally invasive techniques for PIP arthrodesis, analyzing the biomechanical properties in a non-destructive dynamic test, followed by a compressive until failure. The two techniques evaluated were: using 3 transarticular 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in lag fashion (AO-3TLS), and 2 transarticular 7.0 mm headless cannulated multi-use compression screws (MUC-2TS). The experimental study included 6 pairs of ex vivo adult equine forelimbs; one limb from each equine was randomly assigned to one of the treatments and the contralateral limb was submitted to the remaining treatment. The dynamic test was performed alternating non-destructive compression tests at a displacement rate of 5 mm/min up to 5,000 N and sinusoidal compressive cyclic tests at 6Hz using a 3,600 N amplitude for 8,550 cycles. Construct stiffness and maximal sagittal plane rotation about the PIP joint markers (SPRPJM) were determined during dynamic test. After the dynamic test reached 136,800 cycles, the monotonic compressive test until failure was performed on each construct: load, displacement and SPRPJM at failure were analyzed. The data were evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Variables with normal distribution were analyzed using ANOVA and that did not meet the normal distribution were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis. The evaluated biomechanical properties showed no statistical difference between the AO-3TLS and MUC-2TS treatment groups in any of the ramps of the dynamic non-destructive test and in the compression loading until failure test. In conclusion, the MUC-2TS treatment produced biomechanical properties equivalent to the AO-3TLS treatment for PIP joint arthrodesis.

The present study aimed to describe the normal cross sectional anatomy and magnetic resonance imaging of pastern and coffin joints in dromedary camel. This study was conducted on twelve distal limbs (fore and hind) of fresh cadavers from three adult camels of both sexes. The specimens appeared normal without orthopedic disorders. Twelve distal limbs were scanned using a 1 Tesla MRI scanner and then injected with colored latex to be sectioned into sagittal, dorsal and transverse slices. Cross anatomical sections were matched with their corresponding MR images for identification and evaluation of the clinically relevant anatomical structures that appeared with different signal intensities on MRI scans. The present study showed that all major soft tissues in pastern and coffin joints of camel were clearly depicted on MR images, however, the palmar/plantar ligaments of pastern joint and ligaments of navicular cartilage could not be identified on MR images. The annotated cross anatomical sections with the corresponding MR images could be used as a normal reference for interpretation of some clinical diseases in pastern and coffin joints of camel.

Robust mechanisms for slip resistance are an open challenge in legged locomotion. Animals such as goats show impressive ability to resist slippage on cliffs. It is not fully known what attributes in their body determine this ability. Studying the slip resistance dynamics of the goat may offer insight toward the biologically inspired design of robotic hooves. This article tests how the embodiment of the hoof contributes to solving the problem of slip resistance. We ran numerical simulations and experiments using a passive robotic goat hoof for different compliance levels of its three joints. We established that compliant yaw and pitch and stiff roll can increase the energy required to slide the hoof by $\approx \text{20}\%$ compared to the baseline (stiff hoof). Compliant roll and pitch allow the robotic hoof to adapt to the irregularities of the terrain. This produces an antilock braking system-like behavior of the robotic hoof for slip resistance. Therefore, the pastern and coffin joints have a substantial effect on the slip resistance of the robotic hoof, while the fetlock joint has the lowest contribution. These shed insights into how robotic hooves can be used to autonomously improve slip resistance.

The median nerve, along with the ulnar nerve, is often anesthetized when performing a lameness examination in horses. Because of the close proximity of the median nerve to the cubital joint, proximal migration of local anesthetic might ameliorate pain originating from the cubital joint. The objective of this study was to determine if a median nerve block will ameliorate lameness caused by pain in the cubital joint. A forelimb lameness was induced in six healthy horses by injecting 100 ng of recombinant equine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) into the cubital joint. The median nerve of the lame leg was anesthetized using 10 mL of 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride. A successful median nerve block was confirmed by loss of skin sensation at the medial aspect of the pastern and typical changes in thermographic images. Gait was assessed before and at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after the median nerve block using an inertial sensor-based motion analysis system (Lameness Locator; Equinosis LLC, Columbia, MO). A full-factorial repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare treatment effect across time. IL-1β administration resulted in significant transient lameness in all horses (P < .0001). The median nerve block was successfully performed in all horses and did not result in significant improvement (P = .32) of lameness as quantified by the total differential head vector sum. This result has relevant clinical application as it suggests when performing a lameness examination, it is unlikely that blocking the median nerve with 10 mL of local anesthetic will ameliorate pain originating from the cubital joint.

The present study was designed to provide a descriptive imaging database of the anatomic features of the digit of normal donkeys using ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a means to improve diagnosis and clinical decision-making regarding digit lameness in donkeys. Ten healthy donkeys with sound limbs were assigned for US examination of the digit in each forelimb. In addition, five donkey’s forelimb digit cadavers were subjected for CT and MRI examination. The donkey's digit was divided into three regions: fetlock, pastern, and foot. For evaluation of the digit, longitudinal and transverse US images were obtained. In CT evaluation, three plans were taken: axial, sagittal, and coronal. Whereas, in MRI evaluation, two plans were taken: axial and sagittal with two sequences, T1 and proton density. All US, CT, and MRI images of the donkey's digit were labeled and serially interpret using correlated anatomic cross-sections and references. There was a full description and proper differentiation of the anatomical features of the digit bony (distal third of cannon bone [MCIII], proximal sesamoid bones, phalanges, navicular bone, and digital cushion) and soft tissue structures (superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, suspensory ligament, intersesamoidean ligament, straight distal sesamoidean ligament, common digital extensor tendon, annular ligament, and fetlock joint capsule) on US, CT, and MRI images. In conclusion, US, CT, and MRI provide a useful noninvasive method for evaluation of the digit and give a well-defined baseline reference images for the donkey's digit for educational, research, and radiologic purposes.

Objectives This report describes the use of a minimally invasive standing pastern arthrodesis technique for the treatment of osteoarthritis in horses and documents its clinical outcome in 12 horses. Materials and Methods Medical records and radiographs of horses diagnosed with proximal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis that underwent standing pastern arthrodesis using transarticular screws were reviewed. Follow-up information for determination of outcome was obtained via phone interview with the owners. Results Twelve horses (15 limbs) were included in the study. Radiographical findings revealed severe osteoarthritis in 12/15 limbs and moderate osteoarthritis in 3/15 limbs. Follow-up information was available for 11/12 cases (13/15 limbs). Phone surveys with the owners revealed that 8/11 horses were performing at their previous activity level or higher. Two horses remained lame. One horse developed a surgical site infection and was euthanatized. The average time for horses to return to their previous level of activity was 6.5 months (range: 1–18 months). Clinical Significance Stabilization of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses with moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis can be performed using this minimally invasive standing technique. This procedure can be performed safely and provides a similar outcome when compared with other described techniques.

Selection for feet and leg traits can increase longevity as well as several performance traits in sows. Moreover, good feet and leg quality contributes improving animal welfare not only for sows, but also for piglets. Sows with feet and leg problems have a higher risk of crushing their piglets when lying down. Therefore, a feet and leg scoring scheme was derived and applied by trained assessors. Furthermore, piglet mortality rate by crushing was recorded. Genetic parameters as well as breeding values were estimated and the effect of the traits on piglet mortality rate by crushing was investigated. Data of 993 Large White and 299 Landrace sows of 23 nucleus farms were analyzed. Heritabilities ranged from 0.03 to 0.16 for piglet mortality rate by crushing and pastern fore legs. Some genetic correlations between feet and leg traits were significantly highly correlated (0.69 to 0.79). Sows with favorable scores for almost all feet and leg scores had higher estimated breeding values for piglet mortality rate. Higher values indicate less crushed piglets and are thus favorable. An introduction of a feet and leg scoring scheme into routine genetic evaluation may thus contribute to animal welfare improvement for sows and piglets.

It is necessary to determine through the correlation variability the direction of changes in the relationship between the signs of the exterior and milk yield in the process of age development of bulls and their daughters. Type traits of four age groups of 45 bulls taken at different periods of their life (12, 16, 18, 24, 36, 48 months), their daughters in the first lactation (8366 heads) were analyzed and founded relationship between the measurements of father - daughter and economically useful traits. Young bulls at the age of 7.2 years from the group (5 to 9 years) are the best in all measurements in all evaluation age periods the estimates exterior compared to other groups. High and reliable relationships were found for stature, body depth, girth of pastern and selectively for other measurements of bulls taken at different measurement times, which gives the right to predict the body type of animals during ontogenesis. Calculated 92 correlation coefficient of measurements of bulls and the same of daughters, as well as their milk yield, taking into account the age of the manufacturer and the date of measurement. Reliable correlation coefficients were obtained from the stature and body depth in bulls of different ages. The relationship measurements of a body of bulls with milk yield of their daughters in most cases low, but reliable (as a large number of daughters). Milk yield of daughters for 305 days of lactation significantly correlates with their body depth and girth of pastern 0,428*** and 0,307***. The relationship between mother and daughter on a number of exterior features is established. The largest - milk yield with stature 0,153 **, body depth 0,173 **, girth behind the shoulder blades 0,154 **, slanting body length 0,157 **. For daughters, milk yield for 305 days of lactation reliably correlates with their body depth and girth behind the shoulder blades 0.428 *** and 0.307 ***. The measurement of the body depth has been established: the body depth bull - daughters 0.156 **; body depth mother - daughter 0,707 **; body depth daughters with a yield 0.428 **; the body depth of bull with daughters milk yield 0.173 **.

The breeding of a healthy horse is the basic requirement for optimal performance. This is also specifically stated in the breeding goal of the Swiss warmblood horse and should be achieved through a strict selection of the stallions. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the current state of the population to optimize breeding. Data on the health status of Swiss warmblood horses in the age between 6 and 16 years (midlife) were collected by a telephone survey and analyzed descriptively. Following the heritability of the most common health problems were estimated. Data on 1,861 horses were collected between 2016 and 2018. Lameness (34%), colic (22%), sarcoids (19%), and pastern dermatitis (16%) were among the most common health problems, followed by back problems (13%), cough (10%), urticaria (10%), free fecal water syndrome (9%), nasal discharge (8%) and sweet itch (4%). Lameness was observed in 49% of the cases in the forelimbs, in 25% in the hindlimbs and in 26% in both. 27% of horses with colic have been hospitalized once and 8% have undergone colic surgery. Sarcoids became fewer or smaller in 89% of the treated and in 58% of the untreated horses. A significant relationship between treatment and the status of the sarcoids was demonstrated (p .Die Zucht eines gesunden Pferdes stellt eine Grundvoraussetzung für optimale Leistung dar. Dies wird auch im Zuchtziel des Schweizer Warmblutpferdes spezifisch festgehalten und soll durch eine strenge Selektion der Hengste erreicht werden. Um die Zucht zu optimieren, muss der aktuelle Zustand der Population bekannt sein, was das Ziel der vorliegenden, retrospektiven Studie war. Mittels einer telefonischen Umfrage wurden Daten zum Gesundheitszustand der Schweizer Warmblutpferde im Alter von 6–16 Jahren (mittleres Alter) während ihres bisherigen Lebens gesammelt und deskriptiv aufbereitet. Anschliessend wurden die Heritabilitäten der häufigsten Gesundheitsprobleme geschätzt. Insgesamt konnten zwischen 2016 und 2018 Daten zu 1861 Pferden erhoben werden. Lahmheit (34%), Kolik (22%), Sarkoide (19%) und Mauke (16%) gehörten zu den am häufigsten vorkommenden Gesundheitsproblemen, gefolgt von Rückenproblemen (13%), Husten (10%), Nesselfieber (10%), Kotwasser (9%), Nasenausfluss (8%) und Sommerekzem (4%). Bei 49% der lahmen Pferde war eine Vordergliedmasse betroffen, bei 25% eine Hintergliedmasse, bei 26% beides. 27% der Pferde mit Kolik wurden bereits einmal hospitalisiert und 8% einer Kolikoperation unterzogen. Sarkoide wurden weniger oder kleiner bei 89% der therapierten, aber auch bei 58% der nicht therapierten Pferde. Es konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Therapie und dem Status der Sarkoide nachgewiesen werden (p .L’élevage d’un cheval en bonne santé représente une condition de base pour une performance optimale. Ceci est également spécifiquement mentionné dans l’objectif d’élevage du cheval de sang suisse et doit être atteint par une sélection stricte des étalons. Afin d’optimiser l’élevage, il faut connaître l’état actuel de la population, ce qui était le but de cette étude rétrospective. Au moyen d’une enquête téléphonique, des données sur l’état de santé des chevaux de sang suisses âgés de 6 à 16 ans (âge moyen) ont été collectées et traitées de manière descriptive. Les héritabilités des problèmes de santé les plus courants ont ensuite été estimées. Au total, les données de1861 chevaux ont été collectés entre 2016 et 2018. Les boiteries (34%), les coliques (22%), les sarcoïdes (19%) et les crevasses (16%) figuraient parmi les problèmes de santé les plus courants, suivis des problèmes de dos (13%), de la toux (10%), des urticaires (10%), d’écoulements anaux (« Kotwasser ») (9%), d’écoulements nasaux (8%) et de dermite estivale (4%). Chez 49% des chevaux boiteux, il s’agissait d’une boiterie antérieure, chez 25% d’une boiterie postérieure et chez 26% d’une boiterie impliquant antérieurs et postérieurs. 27% des chevaux présentant des coliques avaient été hospitalisés et 8% avaient subi une chirurgie de coliques. Les sarcoïdes sont devenus moins nombreux ou plus petits chez 89% des chevaux traités mais également chez 58% des chevaux non traités. Une relation significative entre le traitement et l’état des sarcoïdes a pu être démontrée (p .Allevare un cavallo sano è un requisito fondamentale per ottenere prestazioni ottimali. Questo è anche specificamente indicato nell’obiettivo per l’allevamento dei cavalli a sangue caldo svizzeri ed esso dovrebbe essere raggiunto attraverso una rigorosa selezione degli stalloni. Per poter ottimizzare l’allevamento, è necessario conoscere lo stato attuale della popolazione; questo era l’obiettivo di questo studio retrospettivo. Via un’indagine telefonica, sono stati raccolti i dati sullo stato di salute dei cavalli a sangue caldo svizzeri di età compresa tra i 6 e i 16 anni (età media) fino ad oggi, e tali dati sono stati elaborati in modo descrittivo. Sono state quindi stimate le ereditabilità dei problemi di salute più comuni. I dati su un totale di 1861 cavalli sono stati raccolti tra il 2016 e il 2018 e tra i problemi di salute più comuni sono stati rilevati zoppia (34%), coliche (22%), sarcoidi (19%) e febbre da fango (16%), seguiti da problemi alla schiena (13%), tosse (10%), orticaria (10%), acqua fecale (9%), secrezione nasale (8%) e prurito dolce (4%). Nei cavalli affetti da zoppia, era stato colpito nel 49% un arto anteriore, nel 25% un arto posteriore e nel 26% entrambi. Il 27% dei cavalli affetti da coliche era già stato ricoverato e l’8% aveva già subito un intervento per le coliche. Nell’89% dei cavalli trattati, i sarcoidi erano meno o più piccoli ma pure nel 58% dei cavalli non trattati. Una relazione significativa è stata dimostrata tra la terapia e lo stato dei sarcoidi (p .

This study discussed several cases of proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis in horses at a veterinary hospital in Brazil. The medical records of seven horses that underwent proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis between 2011 and 2019 were analyzed for indication, technique, and complications. Short- and long-term outcomes were obtained from both the medical records and telephone interviews with the owners. A dynamic compression plate (DCP) was used in one of the seven horses that underwent surgical arthrodesis, and locking compression plates (LCP) were used in the others. Hospital discharge was recorded in 71.4% (5/7) of the horses, with an average hospital stay of 79 ± 45 days. Casting was maintained for 59 ± 26 days. Contact with owners was possible in four cases, two of which regained their prior level of function. The proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis may improve a horse’s well-being, especially when it is considered an early intervention, minimizing the chances of immediate postoperative complications. Additional cases of surgical arthrodesis should be evaluated in long term to better characterize the outcomes of this procedure in Brazil. RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar e discutir casos de artrodese interfalangeana proximal em equinos atendidos em um Hospital Veterinário no Brasil. Os prontuários de sete equinos submetidos à artrodese interfalangeana proximal foram analisados quanto à indicação, técnica e complicações, entre 2011 e 2019. As informações sobre os desfechos de curto e longo prazo foram obtidas pela avaliação dos prontuário e entrevista telefônica com os proprietários. Em um dos sete cavalos submetidos à artrodese cirúrgica foi utilizado implantes DCP, e nos demais, LCP. A alta hospitalar foi registrada em 71,4% (5/7), com média de permanência hospitalar de 79±45 dias. A imobilização externa durou 59±26 dias. O contato com os proprietários foi possível em quatro casos, dos quais, em dois, os animais voltaram às suas funções. A artrodese interfalangeana proximal pode melhorar a qualidade de vida dos equinos, principalmente quando se considera a intervenção precoce, minimizando as chances de complicações pós-operatórias imediatas. Casos adicionais devem ser avaliados ao longo prazo para melhor caracterizar os resultados desse procedimento no Brasil.

A artrodese cirúrgica é efetiva para o tratamento de condições da articulação interfalangeana proximal (AIP) em equinos. Diversas técnicas são descritas, e o uso de uma placa de compressão bloqueada de três orifícios e 4,5 mm associada com dois parafusos corticais transarticulares de 5,5 mm é atualmente o padrão ouro. Esta revisão tem por objetivo descrever a anatomia da região da quartela, bem como as causas, indicações e possibilidades para a artrodese da AIP nos equinos. É apresentada também a descrição da técnica cirúrgica atualmente utilizada para realização da fixação da articulação. Surgical arthrodesis is effective for treating proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) injuries in horses. Despite several techniques described so far, the use of a 3-hole, 4.5mm-locking compression plate, associated with two 5.5-mm transarticular cortex screws, is currently considered the “gold standard.” This review describes the anatomy of the pastern, as well as causes, indications, and possibilities for arthrodesis in the equine PIJ. A description of the current surgical technique for joint fixation is also presented.

BACKGROUND Outcomes following proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis by a variety of surgical methods are available. Reports detailing clinical outcomes following PIPJ arthrodesis utilising the proximal interphalangeal joint locking compression plate (PIP-LCP) and abaxial transarticular lag screws technique are limited. OBJECTIVES To report survival, radiographic and clinical outcomes following PIPJ arthrodesis with PIP-LCP and abaxial transarticular lag screw fixation. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Medical records of all horses undergoing pastern arthrodesis from 2009 to 2018 were reviewed. Arthrodeses performed using a 3-hole, 4.5 mm narrow LCP, specifically designed for the proximal interphalangeal joint, were included. Patient details, presentation, radiographic findings, intraoperative and post-operative data, and complications were documented. Short- and long-term follow-up was available for 23 horses. RESULTS Thirty PIPJ arthrodeses were performed in 29 horses meeting the criteria for inclusion. Twenty-eight horses (97%, 95% CI 83-100) survived to discharge. Twenty-three horses (79%, 95% CI 60%-92%) had successful outcomes including 12 of the 15 forelimb cases and 11 of the 13 hindlimb cases with available follow-up. Fifteen of 19 performance horses returned to athletic activity. Soundness in performance horses was recognised at less than 3 months in one case, 3 to 6 months in six cases, 6 to 12 months in five cases, and greater than 12 months in six cases. Complications included three implant infections, support limb laminitis (two horses), and fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx (one horse). MAIN LIMITATIONS A retrospectively reviewed, small study population with a variety of breeds and disciplines. CONCLUSIONS The PIP-LCP construct provides a very good prognosis for performance and an excellent prognosis for pasture soundness.

Background Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacterial flora of EPD‐affected skin. Animals Sixteen horses with EPD were investigated. Methods and materials An observational study was conducted by assigning a clinical severity score ranging from 0 (macroscopically nonlesional) to 21 (severe), and sampling the most and least severely affected limbs of 16 horses (32 limbs) for bacteriological culture and 16S rRNA sequencing. Topical antimicrobial treatment in the month before sampling was recorded. The limbs were allocated to a nonlesional or mildly affected group (Group A, score 0–3) and a moderate to severely affected group (Group B, score 4–21). Results The most commonly cultured bacterial species was Staphylococcus aureus (one of 15 Group A versus nine of 17 Group B). Within Group B, S. aureus was found in three of six limbs treated with topical antimicrobials and in six of 11 untreated limbs. β‐haemolytic streptococci (three of 32) and Trueperella pyogenes (two of 32) also were cultured exclusively in the untreated limbs of Group B. Staphylococci and streptococci were found more often by 16S rRNA sequencing than in culture. Limbs with higher lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment appeared to have a lower alpha diversity and different beta diversity compared to milder and untreated lesions. Conclusions and clinical importance Observed differences in microbiota of equine skin are likely to be linked to the presence and severity of EPD and topical antimicrobial treatment. Further research is needed to establish causal bacteria., Background –Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Objectives –This study aimed to investigate the effects of lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacterial flora of EPD‐affected skin. Conclusions and clinical importance – Observed differences in microbiota of equine skin are likely to be linked to the presence and severity of EPD and topical antimicrobial treatment. Further research is needed to establish causal bacteria.

Background: Kachchhi-Sindhi horses are famous for their ‘Rewal chal’ (a unique style of running). These horses dominantly exist in the western-northern border of India adjoining Pakistan. The breeding tract of these horses is Surat, Navsari, Kachchh district of Gujarat and Jaisalmer-Barmer districts of Rajasthan in India. Most familiar colors in the Kachchhi-Sindhi horses are bay and chestnut. Roman nose, ears curved at tips but not touching each other, short back, short pastern length, broader hoof for better grip and docile temperament are major characteristics of these horses.Methods: The present study is an effort to phenotypically characterize Kachchhi-Sindhi horse breed based on their different biometric indices for selection and conservation of stallions and mares for breeding purposes by private breeders. Fourteen biometric indices were recorded for phenotypic characterization of each breed viz., height at wither (HW), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), neck length (NL), face length (FL), face width (FW), pole, ear length (EL), ear width (EW), foreleg length (FLL), canon, pastern, hoof length (HoL) and hoof width (HoW). On average, these horses stand 148 cm height, have a body length of ~140 cm, a heart girth of ~165 cm, an ear length of ~15 cm and a face length of ~61 cm.Result: Horse keepers sustain horses in intensive as well as an extensive system of rearing. It has also been ascertained from various sources that horse number is declining rapidly, however, breed population statistics are not available. There is, therefore, an urgent need to conserve this breed. Proper managemental practices and conservation efforts will pave the way for the multiplication of this valuable equine genetic resource of India.

Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD), a multifactorial syndrome, manifests as skin lesions of variable severity in the pastern area. Despite the widespread use of antibacterial therapy for treating this condition, little is known about the contributing bacteria.To investigate the bacterial skin microbiota in EPD-affected and unaffected (control) pasterns.Case-control study with 80 client-owned horses; each with at least one EPD-affected and one control pastern.Horses were grouped by the form of EPD (mild, exudative or proliferative), the assigned severity grade and type of pretreatment (disinfectant, topical antibacterial or no antibacterial pretreatment). Skin swabs were obtained, and the microbiota composition was compared between the groups.Bacterial alpha diversity was reduced in affected pasterns (P 0.001) and this reduction was significantly associated with the EPD forms (P 0.001), and not with the type of pretreatment (P 0.14). Analyses of beta-diversity confirmed a disordering of the skin microbiota (P = 0.004) in affected versus control pasterns, that was particularly profound in more severe lesions. The type of pretreatment was not significantly associated with this disordering. Four differentially abundant families were detected, of which Staphylococcaceae was the most distinct. The relative abundance of staphylococci was significantly increased in affected pasterns (P = 0.011), particularly in those that had received antibacterial treatment previously.Changes in the microbiota are associated with the EPD form or severity of lesions. The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of EPD as well as the propriety and consequences of antibacterial treatment should therefore be further investigated.La dermatite des paturons équine (EPD) est un syndrome multifactoriel qui se manifeste par des lésions cutanées de sévérité variable du paturon. Malgré l’utilisation répandue d’antibiotiques pour le traitement, on en sait peu sur le rôle des bactéries. HYPOTHÈSES/OBJECTIFS: Etudier le microbiote bactérien cutané des paturons atteints de EPD et de contrôles sains.Une étude contrôlées avec 80 chevaux de propriétaires ; chacun avec au moins un paturon atteint d’EPD et un paturon sain. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Les chevaux ont été groupés selon la forme d’EPD (modérée, exsudative ou proliférative) le grade de sévérité et le type de prétraitement (désinfectant, antibiotique topique ou pas d’antibactérien). Des écouvillons cutanés ont été obtenus et la composition du microbiote a été comparée entre les groupes. RÉSULTATS: La diversité bactérienne alpha était réduite sur les paturons atteints (P 0.001) et cette réduction était significativement associée à la forme de l’EPD (P 0.001) et pas avec le type de prétraitement (P 0.14). Les analyses de diversité béta ont confirmé un désordre du microbiote cutané (P = 0.004) des paturons atteints versus contrôles, ce qui était particulièrement marqué pour les lésions les plus sévères. Le type de prétraitement n’était pas significativement associé avec ces altérations. Quatre familles différentes sont été détectées parmi lesquelles, Staphylococcaceae était la plus importante. La relative abondance de staphylococci était significativement augmentée sur les paturons atteints (P = 0.011), en particulier chez ceux qui ont reçu un prétraitement antibactérien.Les changements du microbiote sont associés avec la forme d’EPD ou la sévérité des lésions. Le rôle des bactéries dans la pathogénie de l’EPD aussi bien que les propriétés et les conséquences d’un traitement antibactérien, devraient ainsi être plus étudiés.INTRODUCCIÓN: la dermatitis de la cuartilla equina (EPD), un síndrome multifactorial, se manifiesta como lesiones cutáneas de gravedad variable en el área de la cuartilla. A pesar del uso generalizado de la terapia antibacteriana para tratar esta afección, se sabe poco acerca de las bacterias contribuyentes. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: Investigar la microbiota bacteriana de la piel en metacarpos afectados y no afectados (control) por EPD. ANIMALES: estudio de casos y controles con 80 caballos de propietarios particulares; cada uno con al menos una cuartilla afectada por EPD y una cuartilla de control. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: los caballos se agruparon según la forma de EPD (leve, exudativa o proliferativa), el grado de gravedad asignado y el tipo de pretratamiento (desinfectante, antibacteriano tópico o sin pretratamiento antibacteriano). Se obtuvieron hisopos de piel y se comparó la composición de la microbiota entre los grupos. RESULTADOS: la diversidad alfa bacteriana se redujo en los metacarpos afectados (P0,001) y esta reducción se asoció significativamente con las formas de EPD (P0,001) y no con el tipo de pretratamiento (P0,14). Los análisis de la diversidad beta confirmaron un trastorno de la microbiota de la piel (P = 0,004) en los metacarpos afectados frente al control, que fue particularmente intenso en las lesiones más graves. El tipo de pretratamiento no se asoció significativamente con este trastorno. Se detectaron cuatro familias diferencialmente abundantes, de las cuales Staphylococcaceae fue la más distintiva. La abundancia relativa de estafilococos aumentó significativamente en los metacarpos afectados (P = 0.011), particularmente en aquellos que habían recibido tratamiento antibacteriano previamente. CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: los cambios en la microbiota están asociados con la forma de EPD o la gravedad de las lesiones. Por lo tanto, el papel de las bacterias en la patogenia de la EPD, así como la propiedad y las consecuencias del tratamiento antibacteriano, deben investigarse más a fondo.Die equine Pastern Dermatitis (Mauke), ein multifaktorielles Syndrom, manifestiert sich in Form von Hautveränderungen von unterschiedlichem Ausmaß in der Fesselbeuge. Trotz der weitverbreiteten Verwendung antibakterieller Therapie zur Behandlung dieses Zustandes, ist wenig bekannt über die beteiligten Bakterien.Eine Untersuchung der bakteriellen Mikrobiota der Haut bei EPD-betroffenen und nicht-betroffenen (Kontroll) Fesselbeugen.Eine Fallkontrollstudie mit 80 Pferden in Privatbesitz; ein jedes mit mindestens einer EPD-betroffenen und einer Kontroll-Fesselbeuge.Die Pferde wurden nach der Form der EPD in Gruppen eingeteilt (mild, exsudativ oder proliferativ), dem zugeteilten Schweregrad und der Art der Vorbehandlung (Desinfektionsmittel, oberflächliche antibakterielle oder nicht-antibakterielle Vorbehandlung). Es wurden Hauttupfer genommen und die Zusammensetzung der Mikrobiota zwischen den Gruppen verglichen.Die bakterielle Alpha Diversität war in den betroffenen Fesselbeugen reduziert (P0,001) und diese Reduzierung stand signifikant im Zusammenhang mit den EPD Formen (P0,001) und nicht mit der Art der Vorbehandlung (P0,14). Die Analyse der Beta-Diversität bestätigte ein Durcheinander der Mikrobiota der Haut (P = 0,004) in betroffenen versus den Kontroll Fesselbeugen, was in manchen schweren Fällen besonders auffällig war. Die Art der Vorbehandlung stand nicht signifikant im Zusammenhang mit diesem Durcheinander. Es wurden vier verschieden häufig auftretende Familien gefunden, von denen Staphylokokken die häufigsten waren. Die relative Häufigkeit der Staphylokokken war in den betroffenen Fesselbeugen signifikant erhöht (P = 0,011), vor allem bei denen, die vorher bereits eine antibakterielle Behandlung erhalten hatten.Veränderungen der Mikrobiota standen im Zusammenhang mit der EPD Form oder der Schwere der Veränderungen. Die Rolle der Bakterien bei der Pathogenese der EPD sowie die Korrektheit und die Konsequenzen der antibakteriellen Behandlung sollten daher in Zukunft noch untersucht werden.背景: 多因子症候群の一つである馬の繋皸 (EPD) は、繋部に様々な重症度の皮膚病変を現す。馬の繋皸治療には抗菌療法が広く用いられているが、原因となる細菌についてはほとんど知られていない。 仮説・目的: 本研究の目的は、EPDに罹患および罹患していない (コントロール) 繋部における細菌性皮膚微生物叢を調査することであった。 被験動物: クライアント所有馬80頭を対象としたケースコントロール研究で、それぞれ少なくとも1頭のEPD罹患馬および1頭の対照馬を対象とした。 材料と方法: 馬はEPDの形態 (軽度、滲出性、増殖性) 、割り当てられた重症度、前治療の種類 (消毒剤、局所抗菌剤、抗菌剤前処理なし) によってグループ分けされた。また、皮膚スワブを採取し、グループ間の微生物叢組成を比較した。 結果: 細菌のα多様性は罹患繋部で減少し (P0.001) 、この減少はEPD形態と有意に関連し (P0.001) 、前治療の種類とは関連しなかった (P0.14) 。β多様性の解析では、患肢および対照肢で皮膚微生物叢の乱れ (P = 0.004) が確認され、特に重度の病変で顕著であった。前治療の種類は、この乱れとは有意に関連していなかった。4つの異なるファミリーが検出され、中でもStaphylococcaceaeが最も特徴的であった。Staphylococciの相対的な存在量は、罹患繋部で有意に増加し (P = 0.011) 、特に以前に抗菌治療を受けたものでは顕著であった。 結論と臨床的関連性: 微生物相の変化はEPDの形態または病変の重症度と関連している。したがって、EPDの病因における細菌の役割や、抗菌剤治療の妥当性および結果について、さらに調査する必要がある。.背景: 马骹皮炎(EPD)是一种多因素综合征, 表现为不同严重程度的骹部皮肤病变。尽管抗菌治疗被广泛用于治疗这种疾病, 但对相关细菌知之甚少。 假设/目的: 研究EPD的发病和未发病 (对照) 骹的细菌皮肤微生物群。 动物: 病例对照研究, 80匹私家马; 每匹马至少有1处骹部发生和未发生EPD。 方法和材料: 马按EPD形式 (轻度、渗出性或增生性) 、指定的严重程度等级和前期治疗类型 (消毒剂、外部抗菌或无抗菌治疗) 分组。留取皮肤拭子, 比较各组菌群组成。 结果: 发病骹的细菌α多样性降低(P0.001), 这种降低与EPD形式显著相关(P0.001), 而与治疗类型无关(P0.14)。β多样性分析证实, 与对照骹相比, 发病骹的皮肤微生物群紊乱(P = 0.004), 在更严重的病变中尤其明显。治疗类型与这种紊乱无显著相关性。检测到丰度不同的4个科, 其中葡萄球菌科最明显。发病骹中葡萄球菌的相对丰度显著增加(P = 0.011), 特别是既往接受过抗菌治疗的骹。 结论和临床相关性: 微生物群的变化与EPD形式或病变严重程度相关。因此应进一步研究细菌在EPD发病机制中的作用,以及抗菌治疗的适当性和后果。.A dermatite de quartela equina (DQE), uma síndrome multifatorial, manifesta-se como lesões cutâneas de gravidade variável na região da quartela. Apesar do amplo uso de antibioticoterapia para o tratamento desta condição, pouco se sabe sobre as bactérias que contribuem. HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: Investigar a microbiota bacteriana quartelas DQE-afetadas e quartelas controle.Estudo caso-controle com 80 cavalos de tutores; cada um com ao menos uma quartela DQE-afetada e uma quartela controle. MÉTODOS E MATÉRIAS: Os cavalos foram agrupados de acordo com a sua forma de DQE (leve, exsudativa ou proliferativa), o grau de severidade atribuído e o tipo de pré-tratamento (desinfectante, antibacteriano tópico ou sem pré-tratamento antibacteriano). Obteve-se swabs cutâneos, e a composição da microbiota foi comparada entre os grupos.A alphadiversidade bacteriana estava reduzida nas quartelas afetadas (P 0,001) e esta redução foi significativamente associada com as formas de DQE (P 0,001), não ao tipo de pré-tratamento (P 0,14). As análises de betadiversidade confirmaram o distúrbio da microbiota cutânea (P = 0,004) nas quartelas afetadas versus controle, que foi particularmente mais intensa nas lesões mais severas. O tipo de pré-tratamento não estava associado com esse distúrbio. Quatro famílias diferentemente abundantes foram encontradas, das quais a Staphylococcaceae foi a mais distinta. A abundância relativa de estafilococos estava significativamente aumentada nas quartelas afetadas (P = 0,011), particularmente naquelas que receberam antibacterianos previamente. CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: As alterações na microbiota estão associadas à forma da DQE e à severidade das lesões. A participação das bactérias na patogênese da DQE e as propriedades e consequências do tratamento antibacteriano devem ser investigadas futuramente.

The Glen of Imaal terrier is a chondrodystrophic breed, with ‘forelegs short, well boned and slightly bowed’ and ‘front feet to turn out slightly from pastern’.1 The Glen of …

Background Fractures of the proximal phalanx are one of the most common long bone fractures of Thoroughbred racehorses. Although the degree of disruption and damage to the articular surface is generally considered a major prognostic determinant, associated arthroscopic findings have not previously been reported. Objectives To describe the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal (MCP/MTP) joint lesions associated with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx arthroscopically identified at the time of fracture repair and compare radiographic and arthroscopic appearance of complete fractures. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods Case records and arthroscopic images of horses with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx admitted to Newmarket Equine Hospital from 2007 to 2017 were analysed. Results 81 MCP/MTP joints in 78 horses underwent arthroscopic evaluation concurrent to parasagittal fracture repair. Tears of the joint capsule and dorsal synovial plica were noted in 43 cases. Arthroscopy identified articular incongruity in three horses where fracture displacement was not predicted at all on pre-operative radiographs, and incongruity in additional plane(s) to the radiographic displacement in 14 horses. Concurrent osteochondral fragmentation and disruption of cartilage were present in some cases. Main limitations As a retrospective study, the arthroscopic data available for review were variable. Arthroscopic assessment of fracture reduction and joint congruency was evaluated in all cases but there was variation in the completeness of evaluation of the entire dorsal joint space of the fetlock joint. This may have led to the underestimation of soft tissue lesions in these cases. Conclusions Some horses suffering from parasagittal proximal phalanx fractures have concurrent tearing of the joint capsule and/or dorsal plica, which may have relevance in the acute course of events resulting in the development of fractures. Fracture displacement and incongruency at the articular surface cannot confidently be excluded pre-operatively by radiographs alone.

The objective of the current study was to describe the structures of the pastern and coffin joints in dromedary camel using x-ray, bone and soft tissue windows computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional volume rendering (3DVR) of CT imaging. 3DVR of CT was obtained at the slight flexed dorsal view, plantar view, dorsolateral view and lateral view which explained all the surfaces and structures of the digit bony parts even the parts of the articular surface. The processed images of 3DVR of CT showed different patterns of the cortical, cancellous, subchondral bones and medullary cavity of the bones of the digits. The present study showed clearly all the hard and soft tissues in the pastern and coffin joints of the camel in CT images; however, the plantar ligaments of the pastern joint and ligaments of the navicular cartilage identified on CT images. The CT soft tissue window visualized the joint cavity and their pouches and tendon sheath of the flexor tendons better than the bone window CT. The radiographic, CT and 3D images could be used as a normal reference for the interpretation of some clinical diseases in the pastern and coffin joints of the camel.

The objective of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties in a single cycle axial loading test and the types of failures in two constructs (a 3-hole 4.5-mm dynamic compression plate (DCP) and 7-hole 5.5-mm Y locking compression plate (Y-LCP)) in equine proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) arthrodesis. One limb in each pair was randomly assigned to PIJ arthrodesis using a 3-hole 4.5-mm DCP combined with two transarticular 5.5-mm cortical screws, whereas the contralateral limb was submitted to PIJ arthrodesis using a 7-hole Y-shaped 5.0-mm LCP in conjunction with one transarticular 4.5-mm cortical screw inserted through the central plate hole. Cortical screws were inserted in lag fashion. Constructs were submitted to a single axial load cycle to failure. Construct stiffness, load, and deformation were analyzed. Dynamic compression plate and Y-LCP arthrodesis constructs did not differ significantly and were equally resistant to axial loading under the conditions studied (DCP and Y-LCP group stiffness, 5685.22 N/mm and 6591.10 N/mm, respectively). Arthrodesis of the PIJ using a DCP and two transarticular 5.5-mm cortical screws or a Y-LCP yielded biomechanically equivalent outcomes under the test conditions considered. However, Y-LCP provides less impact in the palmar/plantar bone. Application of Y-LCP with unicortical screws has equivalent biomechanical characteristics of DCP and may be a safe option for PIJ arthrodesis, where potential trauma secondary to applying bicortical screws in the palmar/plantar aspect of the pastern can be avoided.