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Activity theory is a relatively young methodology for researching higher education teaching practices. Beyond systemic analyse of workplace activities and their development, activity theory used in its full interventionist capacity can foster practitioners’ transformative agency to initiate practice change. Nevertheless, this is not an easy process. This paper shares activity theory research into the digital teaching activity of anatomy teachers within an Australian university. Using the lens of this project, the paper exposes several methodological dilemmas experienced by the researcher. Beyond the issue of the methodological level of activity theory used, these dilemmas relate to the authentic determination of both the unit of analysis and the object of the activity, the type of intervention (i.e. full Change Laboratory or modified), and the complexity in analysis using a concept-rich theory. Sharing these dilemmas invites further research to examine inherent contradictions in the human activity of conducting activity theory research focussed on university teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First impressions formed from facial appearance predict important social outcomes. Existing models of these impressions indicate they are underpinned by dimensions of Valence and Dominance, and are typically derived by applying data reduction methods to explicit ratings of faces for a range of traits. However, this approach is potentially problematic because the trait ratings may not fully capture the dimensions on which people spontaneously assess faces. Here, we used natural language processing to extract ‘topics’ directly from participants' free‐text descriptions (i.e., their first impressions) of 2222 face images. Two topics emerged, reflecting first impressions related to positive emotional valence and warmth (Topic 1) and negative emotional valence and potential threat (Topic 2). Next, we investigated how these topics were related to Valence and Dominance components derived from explicit trait ratings. Collectively, these components explained only ~44% of the variance in the topics extracted from free‐text descriptions and suggested that first impressions are underpinned by correlated valence dimensions that subsume the content of existing trait‐rating‐based models. Natural language offers a promising new avenue for understanding social cognition, and future work can examine the predictive utility of natural language and traditional data‐driven models for impressions in varying social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Study Design and Setting Results Conclusion This paper describes several automation tools and software that can be considered during evidence synthesis projects and provides guidance for their integration in the conduct of scoping reviews.The guidance presented in this work is adapted from the results of a scoping review and consultations with the JBI Scoping Review Methodology group.This paper describes several reliable, validated automation tools and software that can be used to enhance the conduct of scoping reviews. Developments in the automation of systematic reviews, and more recently scoping reviews, are continuously evolving. We detail several helpful tools in order of the key steps recommended by the JBI's methodological guidance for undertaking scoping reviews including team establishment, protocol development, searching, de‐duplication, screening titles and abstracts, data extraction, data charting, and report writing. While we include several reliable tools and software that can be used for the automation of scoping reviews, there are some limitations to the tools mentioned. For example, some are available in English only and their lack of integration with other tools results in limited interoperability.This paper highlighted several useful automation tools and software programs to use in undertaking each step of a scoping review. This guidance has the potential to inform collaborative efforts aiming at the development of evidence informed, integrated automation tools and software packages for enhancing the conduct of high‐quality scoping reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Committee Report provides methodological, interpretive, and reporting guidance for researchers who use measures of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in psychophysiological research. We provide brief summaries of best practices in measuring HR and HRV via electrocardiographic and photoplethysmographic signals in laboratory, field (ambulatory), and brain‐imaging contexts to address research questions incorporating measures of HR and HRV. The Report emphasizes evidence for the strengths and weaknesses of different recording and derivation methods for measures of HR and HRV. Along with this guidance, the Report reviews what is known about the origin of the heartbeat and its neural control, including factors that produce and influence HRV metrics. The Report concludes with checklists to guide authors in study design and analysis considerations, as well as guidance on the reporting of key methodological details and characteristics of the samples under study. It is expected that rigorous and transparent recording and reporting of HR and HRV measures will strengthen inferences across the many applications of these metrics in psychophysiology. The prior Committee Reports on HR and HRV are several decades old. Since their appearance, technologies for human cardiac and vascular monitoring in laboratory and daily life (i.e., ambulatory) contexts have greatly expanded. This Committee Report was prepared for the Society for Psychophysiological Research to provide updated methodological and interpretive guidance, as well as to summarize best practices for reporting HR and HRV studies in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I comment on Claire Alexander's new book, The Asian Gang Revisited. I focus on the importance of place and neighbourhood as an anchor for “the Asian gang”, drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in Eastern Oslo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENTThe purpose of the current study was to examine whether professionals who work with people who have sexually offended are biased towards accepting ambiguous evidence as supportive of the effectiveness of treatment for these clients. In an online survey, professionals who work with people who have sexually offended (N = 58) were randomly assigned to receive a brief summary of ambiguous correlational evidence about either treatment for sexual offending or treatment for people who have cancer. Participants were then asked to select from causal and alternate interpretations of the evidence, whether they would recommend implementation of the treatment, and the proportion of funding they would allocate to implementation of the treatment. More than half of the participants incorrectly drew causal inferences and recommended implementing the treatment. However, there was limited evidence that this bias was specific to treatment for people who have sexually offended and there was no evidence that this bias was greater for participants who were more involved versus less involved in treatment for people who have sexually offended. Overall, our results most clearly suggest the operation of the pervasive, general critical thinking error of inferring causation from correlation rather than a self-serving or otherwise motivated bias.The current study raises awareness of a common critical thinking error that can lead to the implementation of ineffective or even harmful practices and policies. We make recommendations to help reduce this error, which would facilitate more effective practice and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the impact of methodological choices and collaborative processes in a complex study that delved into the intimate experiences of violence as narrated by conscripts to the Peruvian armed forces. Lurgio Gavilán is a Peruvian anthropologist who strongly identifies with the interviewed veterans because of his own experiences, and Jelke Boesten is European feminist scholar with specific ideas about gender justice. Our collaboration allows us to raise fundamental questions around the limitations, validity, and ethics of knowledge production. The “debris” of this collaboration refers to the ethical questions that we may have previously failed to raise and address. Why did each of us embark on this research? Have our respective epistemological positions shifted due to the research? How has the nature of the collaboration, and our different positions of power therein, enlightened or concerned us? With what are we left, and what do we leave behind? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normative case studies are designed to offer richly detailed "worlds of possibility" that invite complex reflection and discussion about authentic ethical dilemmas in education. In this essay, Tatiana Geron and Meira Levinson argue that authors' choices of what details to include in a case are themselves ethical decisions that require significant ethical responsibility. Case details can shape which avenues of ethical inquiry are open to readers, whether and how institutional and structural conditions get considered, whose perspectives are included and legitimized, and what political issues are understood as "open" or "closed." At its best, case "world‐building" can help readers understand the full complexity of ethical decision‐making in education. However, for this to occur, case authors must seek out expert and dissenting perspectives, field test the case with diverse audiences, and remain reflexive about their own perspectives and how these shape their world‐building decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normative case studies represent empirically grounded phenomena that raise normative philosophical questions. Growth in the popularity of case‐based inquiry in philosophy reflects a recent trend in the field not to shy away from engaging with empirical realities, but instead to advance philosophical projects that recognize and speak directly to these realities, including social inequities endemic to our societies. Yet, as the use of case studies and other empirically engaged philosophical approaches has grown, concerns have been raised about whether these methods risk reducing philosophy to social science and, in turn, burdening philosophy with the constraints of social science research. Responding to these concerns calls for more attention to the methodological dimensions of case‐based inquiry in philosophy. In this article, Rebecca Taylor offers reflections on two core clarifying questions: (1) What makes normative case studies distinct from other related tools for inquiry — in particular, philosophical thought experiments and qualitative case studies? (2) What quality criteria should guide the development of normative case studies? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to develop a novel methodology to demonstrate the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and nystagmus by caloric stimulation in an undergraduate medical physiology laboratory. The experimental setup involved two sets of electrodes: one set positioned laterally to both eyes, and another set positioned vertically over either the right or left eye. The caloric method is used to stimulate ears, which involves irrigation of warm (44°C) and cold (30°C) water into the ears while maintaining a temperature difference of approximately ±7°C from the body temperature. The changes in chorioretinal potential were calibrated to angular displacement by a two-point calibration method, and angular velocity was derived after taking the first-time derivative. The results obtained from the digital data acquisition system were compared to the traditional instrument used in our Otorhinolaryngology Department [Interacoustics Videonystagmography (VNG) System for hospitals, medical grade] for the normal subject's data. No significant differences in angular velocity were noted (P > 0.05). The cold stimuli elicit a more pronounced VOR compared to the warm stimuli. It has been consistently observed that the onset of nystagmus occurs approximately 20 s after irrigation, reaching its peak intensity between 45 and 90 s, and gradually diminishing until it ceases after approximately 200 s. Our developed methodology enables the recording and quantification of nystagmus using easily accessible equipment. This study serves the goal of visualizing the physiological process of VOR and thereby fulfills the goal of an effective teaching tool for demonstrating to undergraduate medical students. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: We developed a novel methodology to demonstrate and visualize the most common and important physiological phenomenon like the vestibulo-ocular reflex as a teaching module for undergraduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, several studies have emphasized the existence of injury-specific EV "barcodes" that could have significant importance for the precise diagnosis of different organ injuries in polytrauma patients. To expand the research potential of the NTF (network trauma research) biobank of polytraumatized patients, the NTF research group decided to further establish a biobank for EVs. However, until now, the protocols for the isolation, characterization, and storage of EVs for biobank purposes have not been conceptualized. Plasma and serum samples from healthy volunteers (n = 10) were used. Three EV isolation methods of high relevance for the work with patients' samples (ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, and immune magnetic bead-based isolation) were compared. EVs were quantified using nanoparticle tracking analysis, EV proteins, and miRNAs. The effects of different isolation solutions; the long storage of samples (up to 3 years); and the sensibility of EVs to serial freezing–thawing cycles and different storage conditions (RT, 4/−20/−80 °C, dry ice) were evaluated. The SEC isolation method was considered the most suitable for EV biobanking. We did not find any difference in the quantity of EVs between serum and plasma-EVs. The importance of particle-free PBS as an isolation solution was confirmed. Plasma that has been frozen for a long time can also be used as a source of EVs. Serial freezing–thawing cycles were found to affect the mean size of EVs but not their amount. The storage of EV samples for 5 days on dry ice significantly reduced the EV protein concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance is a menace to public health on a global scale. In this regard, nanomaterials exhibiting antimicrobial properties represent a promising solution. Both metal and metal oxide nanomaterials are suitable candidates, even though their mechanisms of action vary. Multiple antimicrobial mechanisms can occur simultaneously or independently; this includes either direct contact with the pathogens, nanomaterial uptake, oxidative stress, ion release, or any of their combinations. However, due to their specific properties and more particularly fast settling, existing methods to study the antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles have not been specifically adapted in some cases. The development of methodologies that can assess the antimicrobial properties of metallic nanomaterials accurately is necessary. A cost-effective methodology with a straightforward set-up that enables the easy and quick assessment of the antimicrobial properties of metal nanoparticles with high accuracy has been developed. The methodology is also capable of confirming whether the killing mechanism involves ionic diffusion. Finally, Aloe Vera gel showed good properties for use as a medium for the development of antimicrobial ointment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the future is an increasingly important topic for regional economic development, our knowledge of the future as a research subject has been limited. Following futures studies, we develop a perspective on a specific version of regional futures research based on critical realism. We believe that discussing regional futures could be a promising "boundary object" for scholars taking different approaches. Moreover, we argue that economic geographers' ability to engage with the future in meaningful ways is as important as their ability to engage with the past and present if the discipline is to retain its relevance in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the lasting impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on research ethics in social sciences by focusing on the concept of vulnerability. We unpack the current conceptualisations of vulnerability and their limitations and argue for the need to reconceptualise vulnerability as multidimensional, consisting of both universal and contextual dimensions, as well as their dynamic interplay. Multidimensional vulnerability is inspired by and relevant to social science research during the pandemic but can also be useful in other contexts such as climate change or conflict. The paper puts forwards several considerations about how this revised concept of vulnerability may be useful when evaluating ethical dimensions of social science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper experiments with the use of literary analysis for the interpretation of participants' writing. The dataset comprises 56 'Reports' in response to a 2019 Mass Observation Directive. Mass Observation is a British archive. Its aim is to record everyday life through correspondents' responses to thrice-yearly Directives. The paper contributes to lyrical sociology with its development of 'textural' analysis. The 2019 Directive asked volunteers to submit reports on what was on their mantelpieces and also about their treasured objects. I found this writing highly allusive of two literary works: Tom Stoppard's play Arcadia, and the 'Catalogue of Ships' in Homer's ancient Greek epic poem, the Iliad. This led me not only to review the earlier reports but also to consider how literature can enrich the interpretation of participants' writing. In conclusion, I argue that following up allusive 'hunches' can result in fruitful literary analysis, as a 'textural' approach to sociological method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Departing from the methodological story of my doctoral research and deploying feminist, postcolonial, and decolonial epistemologies, this article explores the double connotation of the phrase 'challenging methodologies'. On the one hand, the article reviews the process of my doctoral research, the challenges I faced, and how these oriented my methodological decisions. On the other hand, it examines the three methodologies I chose – grounded theory, online research, and narrative inquiry – to understand how they originated to challenge unjust canonical research processes that undermine different ways of generating knowledge and reinforce epistemic silencing. By exploring 'challenging methodologies', the article invites (novice) researchers to contest unjust research processes and embark on their own creative, albeit challenging, methodological paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We offer the concept of proximate ambivalence to highlight the ambiguity inherent in the social and spatial relations of higher education's digitally-mediated teaching and learning that replaced in-person seminars during the COVID-19 pandemic. By proximate ambivalence, we refer to one's simultaneous proximity and distance in relation to an object, person, or space. We employ affect theories (i.e. collective bodies and affective atmospheres) and affective methodology—grounding our analysis in our lived experiences as illustrative examples—to demonstrate how proximate ambivalence manifests. We first show how proximate ambivalence manifested as digital technologies facilitated and disrupted collective bodies' emergence. Second, we illuminate how proximate ambivalence materialized as affective atmospheres changed while differentiated spaces and the transitions therein faded. We argue that proximate ambivalence helps reveal interconnections between affect, bodies, and space in digitally-mediated teaching and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Bots,” computer software capable of taking surveys for an operator, pose a serious threat to the integrity of research that relies on publicly available online surveys. This paper addresses the issue of bot responses to online surveys and suggests several strategies for reducing and addressing these fraudulent responses. To combat this threat, researchers should employ specific methods for building, distributing, and processing surveys that deter and eliminate bot responses from the dataset. Methods for anti-bot survey design include building bot detection software into the survey, creating trap questions, and writing questions that require specific freeform answers. Survey distribution methods that avoid or hide monetary incentives, use a password-protected link, or employ some other form of population targeting will also receive fewer bot responses. Finally, data should be screened for bots after collection using a set of reliable criteria to identify and remove bot responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A "sink or swim" approach has been considered the only way to learn how to conduct empirical research; this should not be the case. Empirical research can be challenging for methodological, practical and ethical reasons; thus there should be detailed and systematic reporting on the methodology adopted. The absence of studies documenting the experiences of researching law implies that important lessons gained by one cohort are not readily accessible in a systematic way for the next. This article presents the methodology of research that was conducted in a conflict area in Nigeria during the pandemic; it aims to provide detailed reporting on the research and highlight the challenges. It offers lessons to future researchers undertaking socio-legal research in a conflict zone, during a pandemic or both. It contributes to the body of knowledge that presents not just what is being done in legal research but how, in order to develop "robust and cumulative scholarly traditions". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiential artificial intelligence (AI) is an approach to the design, use, and evaluation of AI in cultural or other real-world settings that foregrounds human experience and context. It combines arts and engineering to support rich and intuitive modes of model interpretation and interaction, making AI tangible and explicit. The ambition is to enable significant cultural works and make AI systems more understandable to nonexperts, thereby strengthening the basis for responsible deployment. This paper discusses limitations and promising directions in explainable AI, contributions the arts offer to enhance and go beyond explainability and methodology to support, deepen, and extend those contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid oxidation deteriorates the sensory and nutritional quality of food emulsions containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Classically, different extraction solvents are used as a first step to measure lipid oxidation in emulsions. However, it is unclear how the applied extraction method influences the measured lipid oxidation values. In this work, we systematically examined the performance of common solvent mixtures such as chloroform, methanol, and hexane (or isooctane)–isopropanol on lipid extraction from emulsions stabilized with different emulsifiers (Tween 20 (T20), whey proteins, and pea proteins) and oxidation levels, and how this, in turn, affected the measured hydroperoxide concentrations. Chloroform–methanol was the most effective solvent (lipid yield >93 wt.%). When using hexane–isopropanol, extraction yields were consistently high for T20‐ and pea protein‐based emulsions (>60 wt.%), but in whey protein‐based emulsions, values as low as 26 wt.% were measured. In case of incomplete extraction, hydroperoxide concentrations measured by colorimetric methods need to be corrected for this effect. When using 1H NMR to assess lipid oxidation, the actual amount of extracted lipids is intrinsically taken into account. This highlights not only the importance of the extraction method in determining lipid oxidation in emulsions but also that of the actual analysis method. Practical application: This study highlights that the lipid extraction yield can vary depending not only on the emulsion composition (e.g., type of emulsifier) but also on the oxidative state of the emulsion and the extraction solvent used. If this is overlooked, errors can be made in the hydroperoxide determination. Although these effects can be corrected for, this is not standard procedure, which implies that awareness on this matter should be increased. It is also important to point out that depending on the solvent used, the different lipid classes (including various lipid oxidation products) may be extracted at different levels. Chloroform–methanol should be preferred for extraction of all lipid and lipid oxidation‐derived molecules, including aldehydes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Open Science' advocates for open access to scientific research, as well as sharing data, analysis plans and code in order to enable replication of results. However, these requirements typically fail to account for methodological differences between quantitative and qualitative research, and serious ethical problems are raised by the suggestion that full qualitative datasets can or should be published alongside qualitative research papers. Aside from important ethical concerns, the idea of sharing qualitative data in order to enable replication is conceptually at odds with the underpinnings on most qualitative methodologies, which highlight the importance of the unique interpretative function of the researcher. The question of whether secondary analysis of qualitative data is acceptable is key, and in this commentary we argue that there are good conceptual, ethical and economic reasons to consider how funders, researchers and publishers can make better use of existing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design science research (DSR) aims to generate knowledge about innovative solutions to real-world problems. Consequently, DSR needs to deal with the complexity related to problem and solution spaces involving sociotechnical phenomena that people perceive differently and are subject to constant change. This complexity poses challenges to sequential, process-based approaches—specifically, the existing DSR methodology. We designed a DSR methodology that extends existing approaches by adding a complementary organizing logic to address complexity. Based on the theory of hierarchical, multilevel systems, we suggest organizing DSR based on the concept of "echelons"—meaning decomposing DSR projects into smaller logically coherent self-contained parts—and suggest a set of five design echelons that imply a hierarchical organizing logic for DSR projects. The echeloned DSR (eDSR) methodology was developed in five iterations, involving seven design and evaluation episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter begins with an overview of recent developments that have encouraged and facilitated greater use of research syntheses, including Meta-Analysis, to guide public policy and practice in education, workforce development, and social services. It discusses the role of Meta-Analysis for improving knowledge of the effectiveness of programs, policies, and practices and the applicability and generalizability of that knowledge to conditions other than those represented by the study samples and settings. The chapter concludes with recommendations for improving the potential of Meta-Analysis to accelerate knowledge development through changing how we design, conduct, and report findings of individual studies to maximize their usefulness in Meta-Analysis as well as how we produce and report Meta-Analysis findings. The paper includes references to resources supporting the recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compromised balance is known to contribute to falls, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for older adults. Evidence suggests that the application of local vibration to the lower limbs of older adults has the potential to modulate balance. To identify the temporal and mechanical parameters of vibration applied locally to the lower limbs of older adults that modulate measures of balance, and to define the short- and long-term effects of vibration on balance in this population. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were used to conduct a systematic search including the PUBMED, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to identify peer-reviewed literature where vibration was applied to the lower limbs of older adults to modulate balance. Data was extracted using a study-specific data extraction form and risk of bias assessed. Where possible, effect sizes were calculated. Of 7777 records screened, ten randomised controlled trials and 43 prospective laboratory-based studies met the inclusion criteria. Vibration frequencies ranged from 1 to 272 Hz, most studies (n=41) used ≤100 Hz. Amplitude ranged from 0.2 to 3.0 mm, most studies (n=28) used ≤1 mm. Effects of short-term vibration (applied for seconds to hours) were measured during and/or immediately after application. Short-term suprathreshold perceived muscle/tendon vibration had a 'large' destabilising effect size on balance in healthy older adults, but little or no effect on older fallers. Short-term subthreshold vibration to the soles of the feet had a 'small' stabilising effect size. Suprathreshold muscle, tendon or sole vibration applied for 10–30 min over days to weeks improved balance measures, but most (8 of 10) had increased risk of bias. The heterogeneity of methodology, populations, and vibration and balance parameters precluded conclusions about the relative effects of lower limb vibration in older adults. However, these results suggest that the application of local vibration to the lower limbs of older adults can modulate balance in the short- and long-term. • Applying local vibration to the lower limbs of older adults can modulate balance. • Most studies use a vibration a frequency ≤100 Hz and/or a 1 mm amplitude. • Short-term application of suprathreshold vibration destabilises balance. • Short-term application of subthreshold vibration improves balance in older adults. • Longer-term use of suprathreshold vibration may make lasting changes to balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biology of symptomatic neuromas is poorly understood, particularly the factors causing pain in human neuromas. Pain presence varies among and within individuals, with some having painful and nonpainful neuromas. To bridge these knowledge gaps, our group developed a protocol for assessing neuroma pain and collecting tissue for molecular analysis. This manuscript outlines our workflow and challenges and aims to inspire other centers to share their experiences with these tissues. For every included patient and collected nerve or bone tissue specimens, we perform a detailed chart review and a multifaceted analysis of pain and pain perception immediately before surgery. We collect patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) on pain, function, and mental well-being outcomes at preoperative assessment and at the 6-month follow-up postoperatively. Before surgery, the patient is assessed once again to obtain an immediate preoperative pain status and identify potential differences in pain intensity of different neuromas. Intraoperatively, specimens are obtained and their gross anatomical features are recorded, after which they are stored in paraformaldehyde or frozen for later sample analyses. Postoperatively, patients are contacted to obtain additional postoperative PROMs. A total of 220 specimens of nerve tissue have been successfully obtained from 83 limbs, comprising 95 specimens of neuromas and 125 specimens of nerves located proximal to the neuromas or from controls. Our approach outlines the methods combining specimen collection and examination, including both macroscopic and molecular biological features, with PROMs, encompassing physical and psychological aspects, along with clinical metadata obtained through clinical teams and chart review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data collection by mailing questionnaires to the study population is one of the main research methods in epidemiologic studies. As participation rates are decreasing, easy-to-implement and cost-effective strategies to increase survey participation are needed. In this study, we tested the effect of a pragmatic combination of evidence-based interventions. We conducted a two-armed randomized controlled trial, nested in a cohort of breast cancer survivors (n = 1000) in the setting of a health outcomes survey. The intervention arm received a postal pre-notification, a non-monetary incentive (ballpoint with the study logo) and an alternative invitation letter in which several lay-out and textual adjustments were implemented according to behavioural science techniques. The alternative invitation letter also contained a QR-code through which an information video about the study could be accessed. The control arm was invited according to standard practice. Participants had the option to fill-out a questionnaire either on paper or online. A questionnaire with more than 50% of the questions answered classified as participation. Overall participation rate was 62.9%. No significant difference in participation rate was observed between intervention and control arm (64.5% vs 61.3%, Risk Ratio (RR) 1.05, 95% CI [0.96 – 1.16]). Older age at study (>65 vs <51 years), and high socio-economic status (highest vs lowest quartile) were associated with higher participation rates (RR 1.30, 95% CI [1.07 – 1.57] and 1.24, 95% CI [1.09 – 1.42] respectively). In-situ carcinoma compared to invasive cancer and longer interval since treatment were associated with lower participation (RR 0.86, 95% CI [0.74 – 0.99] and RR 0.92, 95% CI [0.87 – 0.99] per 5 year increase, respectively). Overall, the combination of four interventions tested in this study did not improve survey participation among breast cancer survivors. The overall participation rate was relatively high, possibly due to the study population of cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of a Critical Race Feminista praxis-oriented methodological framework in development called FilmCrit, and a critical race method expanded into filmic form called Cinematic Critical Race Counterstorytelling. Critical Race Feminisita Praxis informs this work by drawing on a Critical Race Theory in Education framework and Chicana Feminist theories and epistemologies. In discussing two FilmCrit studies, a qualitative documentary study, No Somos Famosos (We Are Not Famous), and my dissertation study, From the Classroom to the Screen: Experiences of Women of Color MFA Film Students, I detail the theoretical, methodological, and analytical development, as well as the scholarly significance, of FilmCrit and (auto)biographical and composite Cinematic Critical Race Counterstorytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue, "Critical Race Feminista Methodologies in Educational Research." We provide an overview of how we have come to understand Critical Race Feminista Methodology (CRFM) and outline several important points of consideration for those who seek to engage this approach. As co-editors we have curated this special issue to chart methodological imaginaries across generations that have come before us, and those that will follow after us. We offer our stories of coming to CRFM as co-editors, colleagues, and friends who have been collaborating, theorizing, co-authoring and dreaming together for two decades. We end with an overview of the articles included in this special issue by authors who are advancing the praxis of CRFM in educational research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This epilogue serves as a concluding article to the Special Issue, "Critical Race Feminista Methodologies in Educational Research." The co-editors of the special issue, Lindsay Pérez Huber, Verónica N. Vélez and Maria C. Malagón have joined with Daniel Solórzano and Dolores Delgado Bernal to reflect on the methodological origins, ruptures, and futures of Critical Race Feminista Methodologies. We engage in these reflections through an intergenerational epilogue across three generations of scholars who have worked collectively to (re)imagine our research processes, and specifically our qualitative methodologies with and for Communities of Color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heeding Gloria Anzaldúa's (2012) call to cultivate, "new theories with new theorizing methods," this article articulates the contours of a Critical Race Feminista Epistolary Praxis (CRFEP). CRFEP, a writing-based methodological intervention nestled within anti-racist and social justice traditions, fosters opportunities for Women of Color to communicate their resistance against the historical legacies and contemporary manifestations of racialized and gendered oppression. The author addresses the following questions: (1) What constitutes a CRFEP in education research? And (2) What does the empirical application of a CRFEP look like in scholarship that centers the educational life experiences of Chicana/Latina mothers and daughters? The author contends, a CRFEP uplifts a textual platform for Chicanas/Latinas to exert a literary presence and it facilitates a transformative process of healing and transformation for Women of Color epistolarians. Indeed, the CRFEP humanizes the research process and disrupts traditional modes of data collection and analysis in education research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing interventions in the post‐operative time period including psychological and emotional support, adverse event education, and instructions for follow‐up care contribute patient satisfaction, safety, and quality of life. However, the time spent in the post‐anesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital continues to shorten around the world to reduce health care spending and improve patient outcomes. Nurses conducting research during the important post‐operative recovery period need to utilize unique techniques and emerging technologies to contact, recruit and collect data outside of the hospital setting including the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform. Aims: This paper describes the feasibility and acceptability, facilitators and barriers of the software application, REDCap, to complete a repeated‐measures, descriptive correlational study in patients undergoing outpatient breast cancer surgeries. Methods & Materials: The recruitment, data collection and storage were completed utilizing the secure REDCap Platform. The Institutional Research Board (IRB)‐approved study was a repeated‐measures, descriptive, correlational study with data collection at three time points. The data points aligned with important transitions and routine visits to improve data collection feasibility and increase relevance to clinical practice. Results: The sample consisted of women diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing breast conserving surgery between August 15 and October 15, 2020. There were 123 potential participants, of which 76 started the surveys and 75 participated (61%) responded and participated in the study on Post‐operative Day 1. Fifty‐nine participants (78%) completed the surveys on post‐operative Day 14. Discussion: As the frequency of outpatient treatment increases, nurses conducting post‐operative research will need to collect the data outside of the hospital setting. Conclusion: Email provides a method of studying new phenomena by recruiting participants, providing information about the study, and collecting results in a non‐traditional setting. REDCap provides a method to facilitate nursing research through a securely encrypted integrated process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this theoretical article, we argue that the imminent collapse of earth systems that sustain life forms calls for mathematics education as a field to reflect on and re-evaluate its priorities and thus practices. We consider both what ecological collapse means for mathematics education and whether mathematics education might offer meaningful gestures in response. We explore how the relationship between the social and the ecological is conceptualised in mathematics education (and other relevant) research and what this implies for mathematics education. We read, in this scholarship, a growing focus on the ecological and conceptualisations of socio-ecological relations between existing entities that are dialectical, or mutually dependent. More rarely, are they seen as entangled and monist, and it is in this thought that we locate our contribution of multi-layered gestures of mathematics education. We describe these, in terms of three broad practices: listening for socio-ecological entanglement; attending to the scales of socio-ecological entanglements; and living entanglement as mathematics educators. We exemplify these gestures through examples of curriculum innovation. This article, a socio-ecological gesture in itself, is written in the spirit of opening a conversation into which we invite others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the IB-PYP curriculum and teachers' roles within IB-PYP. The Turkish national curriculum was used to contextualize the paper, and these two curricula have been presented comparatively. The comparison encompasses their respective scoping aims, models of curricular control, distinctive teacher roles, and assessment practices. Moreover, the study incorporates insights and viewpoints from PYP teachers who also had worked for long years in public schools following the national curricula, revealing their roles in the PYP system. Drawing from interviews with PYP teachers, this case study elucidates the contrasting approaches to establishing product-process control models within these educational frameworks, as seen through the lens of teacher roles. The analysis serves to enhance comprehension of the rationale behind the PYP programme and is anticipated to offer novel perspectives on the national curriculum. The findings from the study underscore notable disparities between the two curricula in terms of their scoping objectives, patterns of curriculum control, assessment methodologies, and teacher roles. Through the accounts and viewpoints of the interviewed teachers, it was deduced that the IB-PYP curriculum within the Didaktik perspective can serve as an inspiration for future Turkish national curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last three decades, the field of EU judicial behaviour has spawned a sizeable body of work. While the efforts of EU judicial scholars have indubitably generated important insights about the operation of the Court of Justice and its interactions with domestic tribunals and litigants, EU judicial behaviour research suffers from substantial limitations at multiple levels. The first arises from the field's poor integration with theoretical advances that have emerged in other contexts. The second pertains to its methodological assumptions, which have yet to be updated to respond to the credibility crisis. The third relates to the existing datasets and the paucity of data on national courts' practices outside the preliminary ruling mechanism. To address these shortcomings, I suggest how the field may benefit from incorporating theoretical advances from research on judges in other contexts, a stronger emphasis on smart designs and experimental and quasi-experimental methods and the deployment of data-crawling and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the views of young people attending within-school 'alternative' provision to support their return to mainstream classes. Q-methodology was used to explore pupil views about what helps and inhibits successful on-site 'reintegration'. Eighteen pupils aged 13–16 years with experience of attending school inclusion centres in three high schools participated. Protective factors supporting reintegration and mitigating the risk of further exclusion from school included the need to be seen and heard, and to have somewhere or someone to go to for support. The study highlights the importance of pupil voice and a need for greater clarity in terminology used to describe the shifting terrain of inclusion. Further research is needed on the context and factors driving the rise in in-school alternative provision in England, including blind spots in official data on the extent of pupil moves and subsequent opportunities within mainstream settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deep learning model called HairNet was developed to conduct forensic hair analysis, including the classification of hair as human and suitability for nuclear DNA (nDNA) analysis. The training and testing data used were microscopic images of hair features including the medulla and the hair root. The final model iterations obtained 100% accuracy on the medulla dataset to classify hair as human or non-human and between 96% and 100% accuracy on the hair root dataset to classify human hair as suitable for nDNA analysis depending on the grouping of root types. The greatest impact on accuracy was the quantity and quality of the training and testing data and therefore the critical step in model development. The application of ML to forensic methodology is a novel and innovative approach and a means to improve objectivity; however, the creation of training and testing data initially requires expert human judgement and therefore collaboration is essential in the development of benchmark datasets. This research demonstrates how deep learning can be successfully applied to forensic methodology and the possibilities for other forensic disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of Topology Optimisation (TO) to help in the manufacture of metallic components in highly technological industries has increased recently. To equally benefit from TO, the construction industry must address its specific issues, such as adherence to code requirements and challenges in using cutting-edge software packages in complex joints with non-linear behaviour. To assist in such a challenge, the current study offers a methodology proposal to synthesise code and structural behaviour requirements into geometrical constraints for the optimisation problem of laminar steel parts under compression while integrating Non-linear Finite Element Analyses (NLFEA) that ensure the safety of the solution. It has been found that, for a real case-study, the initial volume of a connection's cover-plate can be decreased by up to 40% while maintaining the connection's original capacity and that a 30% volume decrease may be achieved while keeping the original plate capacity. In both cases, the plate's ultimate deformation capacity was enhanced. Evidence has been found that Linear Elastic TO may not provide safe-sided solutions for parts with an intrinsic non-linear behaviour. With the attained volume reductions, less raw materials may be consumed, assembly and transportation will be facilitated, and the goals of the sector's decarbonisation, energy intensity and sustainability will be favoured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Critical reflection is an essential curricular component for learning from experience that determines placement quality in postsecondary experiential learning placements. However, there are poor empirical connections between the use of critically reflective processes and learning outcomes. Purpose: This research explored reflective processes professionals use in their practice and how these processes compare with the reflective activities postsecondary instructors in professional faculties use during experiential learning. Methodology/Approach: This collective case study used focus group interviews, field notes, and professional grey literature to examine the research questions. Findings/Conclusions: Professional training programs must align their reflective practices with more integrated and holistic models of reflective practice to better mirror the professional skills demanded in professional practice contexts. Professionals in context-laden professional environments should integrate reflective activities into their practice based on emergent, iterative, and cocreative models that are more like their lived realities at work. Reflective practices which better fit and mirror these lived realities may lead to better connections between reflective activities and work outcomes. Implications: Professional environments are complex, dynamic, and affected by contextual factors. New integrated and holistic models of reflective experience should replace the separated, stepwise, or automatic models that have guided reflective practices in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Randomized control trials (RCTs) are recognized as the preferred tool of analysis in modern development economics literature/research and policy evaluation. This may lead to methodologies, including case studies, tabular analysis, simple regressions, taking a back seat. This survey explores the implications of such a methodological hierarchy and the implications of preoccupation with a particular evidence/methodology for research and policy. Similar developments in macroeconomic modelling are also discussed. Major advantages and limitations of RCTs and the attempts to address them are highlighted. The article argues that preoccupation with a methodology can sometimes lead to important inquiries for research and policy getting side-lined on methodological considerations. This leads to inferences favouring a particular technique/methodology or issue. Focusing solely on methodologies that emphasize quantifying the 'effect' may not be appropriate to address all questions relevant to development. As policies involve multiple and conflicting social concerns, methodological pluralism may be preferable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, supply chain (SC) decentralised decision making is the most usual situation in SC operations planning. In this context, different companies can collaboratively plan to achieve a certain level of individual and SC performance. However in many cases, there is reluctance to collaborate because it is not known a priori which benefits will be reported. This paper aims to develop a mathematical programming-based methodology for the evaluation of different supply chain collaborative planning scenarios (MPM-SC-CP). It is assumed that different SC decision centres (DCs) make decisions based on mixed and integer linear programming models. Two main inputs feed the proposed MPM-SC-CP, a framework and associated methodology that support the integrated conceptual and analytical modeling of the SC-CP process in which several DCs make decisions according to spatio-temporal integration. Finally, an application to a real ceramic SC was conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusion has been recognised as an educational practice to support development and learning of children with disabilities in general education settings in Türkiye since 1980s. Numerous studies have examined the attitudes of various stakeholder towards inclusive education. However, there is limited research examining early childhood school administrators' attitudes towards inclusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes of Turkish early childhood school administrators towards inclusion of young children with disabilities and factors that may impact their attitudes. A total of 267 school administrators completed an online questionnaire. Findings showed that early childhood school administrators possess moderately positive attitude towards inclusion of young children with disabilities in their schools. Variables including gender, education, administrative role and location of school predicted administrators' attitudes; female administrators, those with a bachelor's degree in early childhood education, principals rather than assistant principals; and those who worked in urban schools had more favourable attitudes. Moreover, early childhood school administrators' attitudes towards inclusion were found to be closely related to their values in relation to diversity and equity, beliefs regarding parental, community and system-level support for inclusion and previous positive inclusive experiences, professional development and training on inclusion and leadership skills. Implications for future research and practice are discussed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching in inclusive schools comes with a variety of ethical challenges, for which student teachers of general and special needs education should acquire ethical competence as part of their inclusion-oriented teacher training. Due to the lack of empirical studies on this area of teacher training in Germany to date, students in Masters degree programmes (N = 585; age: M = 25.35; SD = 3.28; 71.6% female) were asked to assess the need and relevance of acquiring ethical skills in an online survey. The prospective teachers considered ethical competencies to be necessary for everyday tasks in inclusive schools; nevertheless, only 18.9% stated that they had acquired the relevant skills in their previous studies. Accordingly, they wished for a higher priority of imparting ethical competencies in future teacher training. Here they preferred application-related competence goals, such as being able to reflect critically on ethical decisions or to justify ethical decisions in communication with others. In addition to poorly developed ethical skills, students reported a lack of acquisition of further competencies that are proven to be success factors for the implementation of inclusive education. Student teachers for special needs education held a more positive attitude towards school inclusion and placed a greater value on imparting ethical competence in future teacher training than student teachers for general education [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]