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The IDS Project was formed in 2003 to improve resource sharing among the State University of New York colleges. Over the years it grew from the original 12 to over 120 libraries. While the focus has always been on community, there has also been a strong developmental desire and innovative push from its members. IDS Project has developed many systems and tools over the years and continues to support resource sharing among all libraries and not just its members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the palpimanid spider genus ScelidocteusSimon, 1907 is described from Salonga National Park, D. R. Congo. The new species is distinguished by the structure of the male and female copulatory organs, both sexes of Scelidocteus mbembaisp. nov. are illustrated and diagnosed against congeners. With this paper, the number of spider species recorded from Salonga, Africa's largest rainforest reserve, rises to a paltry seven, and the number of known Scelidocteus species rises to ten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to discuss, within the scope of radio and audio media studies, how serendipity articulates discovery, memory and recognition, standing at the heart of current Music Streaming Platforms' rhetoric and musical culture. Fortuitous discovery mobilizes affections and helps to build bonds (either with platforms or radio stations), representing a major role in music innovation and circulation. Combining a range of current Global South references with critical theories on media and memory, we address similarities and differences between music programming and curation on radio and streaming, refuting computer scientists' ambition to engineer serendipitous experiences and highlighting that serendipity must be correlated with the listeners' sociocultural background. We conclude that acknowledging the complexity of serendipity opens doors for thinking of critical issues concerning musical consumption, conditions of listening, identity, representation and audio media agency. These are central themes in restructuring of the music industry, in a context of platformization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The history of the development of acute neurologic disease as a biologic mechanism is of interest. Equally important is how it translated to the bedside and how the clinical examination differentiated itself. Methods: This paper reviews primary sources pertaining to acute neurologic conditions described mostly in the 19th and 20th century. A review of monographs, treatises, textbooks, and peer‐reviewed articles was conducted. Results: The evolution of clinical signs and syndromes associated with dynamic intracranial pathologies was predicated on the idea that animal studies informed clinicians, who then linked clinical signs to these observations. A dominant theme is that innovative technologies could trace acute processes through all their various stages, affording a complete picture of the disease process. Just as clinical descriptors of central nervous system processes evolved, the presentation of acute neuromuscular respiratory failure became better defined. Once practices incorporated these acute clinical signs, textbooks cemented their "gold standard" status with relative impunity. Conclusions: The practise of acute neurology and neurocritical care must find out what, historically, others were seeking but could not find. Patterns of clinical presentation in acute neurology are sufficiently recognizable to guide practise decisions. Although, the currently well‐documented clinical syndromes of acute neurologic conditions (at presentation and during deterioration) have been taught for generations, practitioners have noted that they lack consistency and predictability. History also taught us that part of this improved knowledge came with designated units―a clear example of how protean systems (not always innovative neurologists or neuroscientists or technologies) shaped the history of neurology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choosing how easy to make it for buyers to discover new sellers is a key design decision for platforms. On one hand, enabling more discoverability generates more transactions and can be more attractive for sellers because they anticipate being discovered by new buyers. On the other hand, discoverability can make sellers more reluctant to participate because they anticipate their existing buyers will discover and purchase from other sellers. We model this fundamental trade-off and study how a platform's optimal level of discoverability depends on various factors: the degree of substitutability between the sellers' products; the standalone value of the platform's tools; the size of the platform's installed base of buyers; the nature of the platform's fees, including its ability to charge differential fees depending on whether a transaction is with a seller's existing buyers or not; the number of sellers; and asymmetries between sellers' sizes. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02362. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The Hemiphyllodactylus is a small gecko. Recently, many species belonging to the genus Hemiphyllodactylus have been discovered in the karst region. Therefore, we conducted a large scale of surveys and specimen collections in multiple karst areas of Yunnan Province. Three populations of Hemiphyllodactylus were found to be morphologically and molecularly distinct from known species, prompting us to describe them as three new species. Our study further illustrates the high diversity of Hemiphyllodactylus species within Yunnan Province. The karst landform in Yunnan Province, China, represents one of the most biodiverse regions for Hemiphyllodactylus. Previous research has revealed that the karst forests in this province host a greater diversity of Hemiphyllodactylus than previously acknowledged. However, substantial fundamental data essential for taxonomic and biogeographical studies are lacking. We conducted extensive surveys for Hemiphyllodactylus in the Yunnan Province that led to the discovery of three new species from Menglian Dai, Lahu, and Wa Autonomous County and Jinghong City based on morphological and genetic data. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on the ND2 gene (1038 bp) placed the three new species into clade 3 and clade 4 of Agung et al. The uncorrected genetic pairwise distance of the Menglian specimens were greater than 5.7%, and those of the Jinghong City specimens were greater than 5.2% and 8.5%, respectively. They could be distinguished from their congeners by body size, chin scales, internasal scales, ventral scales, dorsal scales, and the total number of femoral and precloacal pores. Furthermore, we update the distributional knowledge of the known species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1902–1904 Scottish National Antarctic (Scotia) Expedition led by William Speirs Bruce was overshadowed by the 1901–1904 British National Antarctic (Discovery) Expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott. The establishment of the independent Scottish expedition had been resented by those promoting the ‘official’ British venture and the accolades accorded to each on their return home were very different. The Royal Scottish Geographical Society honoured both leaders with prestigious medals and later, after public pressure, rewarded Scotia’s captain and scientific staff but not her officers or crew. By contrast, the Royal Geographical Society rewarded the leader and personnel of the Discovery expedition and completely ignored Scotia. An even greater demarcation arose when the Polar Medal was hastily created for the benefit of Scott and the Discovery team, and subsequently extended to the crews of their two relief ships. Aggrieved that his men had not received such public recognition, Bruce commissioned his own expedition silver medal, yet did not present it to all eligible personnel. His exclusion of artist William Cuthbertson and taxidermist Alastair Ross is paradoxical given his indignation over the partiality of other awards but may indicate some unacknowledged personal friction during the Scotia expedition. The paper illuminates the politics and personalities involved in recognition of the achievements of early twentieth-century Antarctic exploration after the events themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze how a plaintiff acquires damage-level information and discloses it to the defendant during the discovery process when the plaintiff knows that the defendant is privately informed about the plaintiff's probability of winning at trial. The plaintiff can design the process for generating the damage-level information but cannot omit or misrepresent it. She does this with an understanding of how the defendant's updated beliefs after the discovery stage will impact pretrial negotiations. We find that the plaintiff prefers full disclosure when deciding between a pooling or a screening settlement demand depends on the damages level. In other scenarios, she is indifferent to how much information the discovery stage conveys about the damage level to the defendant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing interest in postbiotics, a term gaining recognition alongside probiotics and prebiotics, aligns with a growing number of clinical trials demonstrating positive outcomes for specific conditions. Postbiotics present several advantages, including safety, extended shelf life, ease of administration, absence of risk, and patentability, making them more appealing than probiotics alone. This review covers various aspects, starting with an introduction, terminology, classification of postbiotics, and brief mechanisms of action. It emphasizes microbial metabolomics as the initial step in discovering novel postbiotics. Commonly employed techniques such as NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS are briefly outlined, along with their application principles and limitations in microbial metabolomics. The review also examines existing research where these techniques were used to identify, isolate, and characterize postbiotics derived from different microbial sources. The discovery section concludes by highlighting challenges and future directions to enhance postbiotic discovery. In the second half of the review, we delve deeper into numerous published postbiotic clinical trials to date. We provide brief overviews of system-specific trial applications, their objectives, the postbiotics tested, and their outcomes. The review concludes by highlighting ongoing applications of postbiotics in extended clinical trials, offering a comprehensive overview of the current landscape in this evolving field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we perceive boredom as a potential resource for creativity in qualitative research. We present three main arguments. First, boredom is often an inevitable stage on the way to research excitement and can even serve as an important clue leading to analytic surprises. Second, there is a methodological need to reflect on boredom in order to understand the researcher’s perception of meaningfulness and meaninglessness. Particularly, we show how the ‘interview society’, characterized by the dominance of the therapeutic discourse, shapes researchers’ expectations regarding what is considered ‘interesting’ or ‘boring.’ Finally, the researcher’s experience of boredom may provide insights into the very phenomenon under investigation. We flesh out these arguments by showing how the researcher’s boredom during interviews reflects the interviewees’ emotional style, expected of (women) managers in the neoliberal culture: emotional restraint and a façade of rationality and objectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are infrequent neoplasms in children and adolescents and are typically associated with clinical symptoms reflective of androgen overproduction. Pediatric ACTs typically occur in the context of a germline TP53 mutation, can be cured when diagnosed at an early stage, but are difficult to treat when advanced or associated with concurrent TP53 and ATRX alterations. Recent work has demonstrated DNA methylation patterns suggestive of prognostic significance. While current treatment standards rely heavily upon surgical resection, chemotherapy, and hormonal modulation, small cohort studies suggest promise for multi-tyrosine kinases targeting anti-angiogenic pathways or immunomodulatory therapies. Future work will focus on novel risk stratification algorithms and combination therapies intended to mitigate toxicity for patients with perceived low-risk disease while intensifying therapy or accelerating discoveries aimed at improving survival for patients with difficult-to-treat disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is a member of the developmentally regulated morphogens, the hedgehog gene family. The Hh protein family was initially discovered in Drosophila and has since been widely investigated in both Drosophila and higher animals. Ihh exhibited a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern in the mammalian uterus and ovaries. The downstream targets of the Ihh signaling pathway include PTCH-1, SMO, and COUP-TFII. Ihh is a progesterone-responsive gene that plays an important function in the female reproductive system; conditional ablation results in infertility due to failed embryo implantation. The literature addressing Ihh’s functions and ways of action is expanding, as is the number of processes that use it in cell signaling as well as physiology. Even while our grasp of the path has expanded tremendously, we still have many gaps in our knowledge. This review will address the discovery, evolution, mechanisms, and manifestations of Ihh especially in mammalian reproduction.

Nature-based tourism such as trekking and mountaineering has gained popularity in recent years due to the demand for experience-based tourism. Adventure tourism is one of the mainstays of Nepali economy and a major source of revenue. Trekking has brought employment and income opportunities and contributed to the living standard of local people. However, the influx of visitors has led to the depletion of natural resources and the degradation of environmental conditions in many areas. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a proper balance between social, economic, and environmental dimensions to ensure the viability of these tourism destinations. This study aims to assess the tourism potential and ecotourism attractions of Annapurna Base Camp through appreciative inquiry analysis. Based on the concept of ecotourism and its principles, we carried out the study keeping ecotourism in the center for exploring other possible forms of tourism at the study site. Through our primary and secondary data sources, we have designed a strategic plan to bring the results of appreciative inquiry into practice. The study emphasizes the adoption of strength-based approaches like appreciative inquiry in tourism studies that will help communities and destinations address social, environmental, and economic problems while ensuring their sustainability.

1. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated impressive clinical usefulness in treating several types of cancer, with the notion of widening of the therapeutic index of the cytotoxic payload through the minimisation of the systemic toxicity. Therefore, choosing the most appropriate payload molecule is a particularly important part of the early design phase of ADC development, especially given the highly competitive environment ADCs find themselves in today.2. The focus of the current review is to describe critical attributes/considerations needed in the discovery and ultimately development of cytotoxic payloads in support of ADC design. In addition to potency, several key dispositional characteristics including solubility, permeability and bystander effect, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and drug-drug interactions, are described as being an integral part of the integrated activities required in the design of clinically safe and useful ADC therapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charles Bell was famous for the discovery of the separate motor and sensory roots of the spinal and facial nerves, although in recent years his right to priority has been challenged by historians and scientists. But Charles Bell did discover something even if has not been accorded the status of a scientific fact. Between 1821 and 1823 he unveiled the 'respiratory nervous system', a distinct system of nerves that acted as the 'organ of the passions', which he then elaborated upon in his 1824 Essays on the Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression. As Bell and his allies attempted to claim priority in the spinal and facial nerves, the respiratory nerves were pushed to the background, subordinated to the motor and sensory nerves. This essay, therefore, redefines Charles Bell's major discovery as the 'respiratory nerves', providing a detailed description of their anatomy and physiology and the way in which they underwrote Bell's theory of the emotions. It also demonstrates how his aesthetics were intertwined with his research programme. It then connects the respiratory nerves to Thomas Dixon's assertion that Bell was one of the founders of the modern psychological category of the emotions, providing a deeper and more nuanced genealogy of the emotions, including the impact that Bell had upon William James's seminal article 'What is an Emotion?' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases. Large-scale proteomics can identify objective biomarkers of plant-based diets, and improve our understanding of the pathways that link plant-based diets to health outcomes. This study investigated the plasma proteome of four different plant-based diets [overall plant-based diet (PDI), provegetarian diet, healthful plant-based diet (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet (uPDI)] in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and replicated the findings in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort. ARIC Study participants at visit 3 (1993–1995) with completed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data and proteomics data were divided into internal discovery (n = 7690) and replication (n = 2543) data sets. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between plant-based diet indices (PDIs) and 4955 individual proteins in the discovery sample. Then, proteins that were internally replicated in the ARIC Study were tested for external replication in FHS (n = 1358). Pathway overrepresentation analysis was conducted for diet-related proteins. C-statistics were used to predict if the proteins improved prediction of plant-based diet indices beyond participant characteristics. In ARIC discovery, a total of 837 diet-protein associations (PDI = 233; provegetarian = 182; hPDI = 406; uPDI = 16) were observed at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Of these, 453 diet-protein associations (PDI = 132; provegetarian = 104; hPDI = 208; uPDI = 9) were internally replicated. In FHS, 167/453 diet-protein associations were available for external replication, of which 8 proteins (PDI = 1; provegetarian = 0; hPDI = 8; uPDI = 0) replicated. Complement and coagulation cascades, cell adhesion molecules, and retinol metabolism were over-represented. C-C motif chemokine 25 for PDI and 8 proteins for hPDI modestly but significantly improved the prediction of these indices individually and collectively (P value for difference in C-statistics<0.05 for all tests). Using large-scale proteomics, we identified potential candidate biomarkers of plant-based diets, and pathways that may partially explain the associations between plant-based diets and chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open source has been widely adopted across the entire solution set in the library world, including software for traditional library services, digital libraries, discovery systems, identity management and persistent identifier solutions. Open source is also foundational in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. Open source AI toolkits have driven the adoption of AI in machine learning, image recognition, video analysis and many other areas relevant to library systems. The communities supporting open source library software are among the largest and most dynamic in the library world. The Koha library management system is supported by a community of developers, librarians, service providers and participating libraries around the world, and is probably the most widely adopted library management system in the world. This article explores the evolution of open source in libraries and the ways in which the open source solutions can facilitate the introduction of AI in libraries in a way that gives libraries agency on the AI model development and implementation. Examples are provided on the use of AI toolkits in the library context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was discovered 40 years ago and has set a milestone in human medicine. The discovery led to rejection of the dogma of the acidic stomach as a sterile organ and requested to rewrite the chapters on gastric pathophysiology and gastroduodenal diseases. Summary: Over a period of 40 years following the discovery, more than 50,000 articles can be retrieved in PubMed as of today and illustrate the amount and the intensity of research around the role of this bacterium. H. pylori emerged as cause of chronic gastritis and principal cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Eradication of H. pylori became standard of care in management in PUD. The importance of this was highlighted in 2005 with the Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to Barry Marshall and Robin Warren. H. pylori became eventually recognized for its oncogenic potential in the stomach and as the main risk factor for gastric cancer development. Key Messages:H. pylori gastritis is defined as infectious disease and requires therapy in all infected individuals. Strategies of gastric cancer prevention and development of therapies to overcome the increasing antibiotic resistance are main targets in clinical research of today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Secure Data Facility Professionals Network (ISDFPN) was set up in 2022 as part of the Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud project (SSHOC) with the aim of bringing together international colleagues working in or towards Trusted Research Environments (TREs), to share expertise and experiences, and to spark collaboration as well as develop new ideas. While various international networks and collaborations exist currently, these aim to improve the international data infrastructure landscape, and mainly focus on establishing connections between TREs. However, there is also a Forum needed for those working in these TREs, which provides a platform for regular knowledge exchange as well as opportunities of driving innovation. ISDFPN is not a network for developing infrastructure, rather it is a place to share experience, expertise, and ideas, which is not yet formally available internationally. As the fast-changing secure data landscape evolves, this Network will be a vital resource for collaborative work towards finding solutions for shared and newly emerging problems experienced by TRE staff. Where TREs are at different stages in their development, such a forum is vital as services seek to learn from each another. The ISDFPN held its first virtual meeting on 30 March 2022, and, although the SSHOC project finished in April 2022, has continued to meet twice yearly, co-Chaired by the UK Data Service, and GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences. This paper traces the ISDFPN from its origins and highlights both its aims and objectives as well as its activities so far.

Abstract Background Decision-making in healthcare is increasingly complex; notably in hospital environments where the information density is high, e.g., emergency departments, oncology departments, and psychiatry departments. This study aims to discover decisions from logged data to improve the decision-making process. Methods The Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) was chosen to design an artifact (algorithm) for the discovery and visualization of decisions. The DSRM’s different activities are explained, from the definition of the problem to the evaluation of the artifact. During the design and development activities, the algorithm itself is created. During the demonstration and evaluation activities, the algorithm was tested with an authentic synthetic dataset. Results The results show the design and simulation of an algorithm for the discovery and visualization of decisions. A fuzzy classifier algorithm was adapted for (1) discovering decisions from a decision log and (2) visualizing the decisions using the Decision Model and Notation standard. Conclusions In this paper, we show that decisions can be discovered from a decision log and visualized for the improvement of the decision-making process of healthcare professionals or to support the periodic evaluation of protocols and guidelines.

Abstract Background A copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, a work on which the nomenclature of many fungi is based was known to occur in Scotland’s Glasgow University Botany Department but the buildings were devastated by fire in 2001 and the whereabouts of this important work, if it existed, was lost. Its re-finding is reported herein. Results The Glasgow copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, an uncut first edition of Fries’ work, was located in the Glasgow Museums in its original cabinet being transferred there years before the fire and its specimens being now databased. It is one of the few existing uncut copies of this important scientific work and one of the best-preserved copies of the first edition. Conclusion The discovery of this first edition of Scleromyceti Sueciae emphasizes the significance to reserve special conservation for important collections by early mycologists. It also allows interested mycologists world-wide to know of the existence in Glasgow of an uncut, first edition copy.

Implementing approaches based on process mining in inter-organizational collaboration environments presents challenges related to the granularity of event logs, the privacy and autonomy of business processes, and the alignment of event data generated in inter-organizational business process (IOBP) execution. Therefore, this paper proposes a complete and modular data-driven approach that implements natural language processing techniques, text similarity, and process mining techniques (discovery and conformance checking) through a set of methods and formal rules that enable analysis of the data contained in the event logs and the intra-organizational process models of the participants in the collaboration, to identify patterns that allow the discovery of the process choreography. The approach enables merging the event logs of the inter-organizational collaboration participants from the identified message interactions, enabling the automatic construction of an IOBP model. The proposed approach was evaluated using four real-life and two artificial event logs. In discovering the choreography process, average values of 0.86, 0.89, and 0.86 were obtained for relationship precision, relation recall, and relationship F-score metrics. In evaluating the quality of the built IOBP models, values of 0.95 and 1.00 were achieved for the precision and recall metrics, respectively. The performance obtained in the different scenarios is encouraging, demonstrating the ability of the approach to discover the process choreography and the construction of business process models in inter-organizational environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Decision-making in healthcare is increasingly complex; notably in hospital environments where the information density is high, e.g., emergency departments, oncology departments, and psychiatry departments. This study aims to discover decisions from logged data to improve the decision-making process. Methods: The Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) was chosen to design an artifact (algorithm) for the discovery and visualization of decisions. The DSRM's different activities are explained, from the definition of the problem to the evaluation of the artifact. During the design and development activities, the algorithm itself is created. During the demonstration and evaluation activities, the algorithm was tested with an authentic synthetic dataset. Results: The results show the design and simulation of an algorithm for the discovery and visualization of decisions. A fuzzy classifier algorithm was adapted for (1) discovering decisions from a decision log and (2) visualizing the decisions using the Decision Model and Notation standard. Conclusions: In this paper, we show that decisions can be discovered from a decision log and visualized for the improvement of the decision-making process of healthcare professionals or to support the periodic evaluation of protocols and guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) includes billions of sensors and actuators (which we refer to as IoT devices) that harvest data from the physical world and send it via the Internet to IoT applications to provide smart IoT services and products. Deploying, managing, and maintaining IoT devices for the exclusive use of an individual IoT application is inefficient and involves significant costs and effort that often outweigh the benefits. On the other hand, enabling large numbers of IoT applications to share available third-party IoT devices, which are deployed and maintained independently by a variety of IoT device providers, reduces IoT application development costs, time, and effort. To achieve a positive cost/benefit ratio, there is a need to support the sharing of third-party IoT devices globally by providing effective IoT device discovery, use, and pay between IoT applications and third-party IoT devices. A solution for global IoT device sharing must be the following: (1) scalable to support a vast number of third-party IoT devices, (2) interoperable to deal with the heterogeneity of IoT devices and their data, and (3) IoT-owned, i.e., not owned by a specific individual or organization. This paper surveys existing techniques that support discovering, using, and paying for third-party IoT devices. To ensure that this survey is comprehensive, this paper presents our methodology, which is inspired by Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA), combining the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology with Citation Network Analysis (CNA). Finally, this paper outlines the research gaps and directions for novel research to realize global IoT device sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many application domains of recommender systems, e.g., on media streaming sites, one main goal of the provider of the recommendation service is to increase the engagement of users by helping them discover new types of content they like. Standard collaborative filtering algorithms by design often lead to a certain level of discovery. Nonetheless, in certain domains, it may be helpful to more actively promote content to users beyond their past preference profile ("off-profile") and thereby help users explore new content. However, when showing such off-profile content to users in combination with more familiar content, the new content items may be overlooked. In this research, we explore to what extent digital nudging, i.e., subtly directing user choices in a specific direction, can help to raise the attention and interest of users for off-profile content. We conducted a user study ( N = 1064 ) on a real-world social book recommendation app. We find that users who are nudged towards recommended books of their non-preferred genres significantly more often put these off-profile books on their reading lists, thus confirming the effectiveness of digital nudging in this application. However, we also found that digital nudges may negatively impact the users' beliefs and attitudes towards the system and a more limited intention to use the system in the future. As a result, we find that digital nudging in recommendations, while effective in the short run, must be done with due care, keeping an eye on the overall quality perceptions by users and potentially harmful long-term effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prague Rules has been presented as civil law's rules on the taking of evidence in international arbitration. It has been defended that the Prague Rules are a disruptive alternative regarding the IBA Rules. The aim of this paper is check if the Prague Rules are part of civil law. To do this, we will compare the Prague Rules with the Spanish Civil Procedure Act, the Spanish Arbitration Act, the Code of Best Practices in Arbitration of the Spanish and Ibero-American Arbitration Club, and the IBA Rules. The answer of this paper will reveal that the Prague Rules are part of civil law, but they are not a really innovation about evidence procedure in international arbitration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dempsey, Nordqvist and Kelly's recent publication in BioSocieties highlights the complexity of disclosure in donor conception, which is legally, ethically, and morally challenging. However, contemporary society means that donor-conceived people's awareness of their conception history can no longer be controlled by their parents. Late, accidental, and non-parent disclosure is becoming more prevalent and can be distressing. Research has consistently found that openness in donor conception families from an early age is optimal, and that disclosure positively impacts rather than threatens family relationships. Despite this, disclosure can be difficult for parents, particularly if they perceive an unsupportive social context. Both donor conception and adoption literature has found more positive outcomes among disclosing families compared to non-disclosing families and interestingly, parents who have chosen to disclose have not reported regret. This response briefly discussed these important considerations and also notes some instances of inaccurate reporting and misleading information in their article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyse the role of the concepts of 'practice,' 'relations,' and 'process' in Rein Vihalemm's philosophy of science and the way he defined and articulated these concepts to study the production of scientific knowledge. Then, following Vihalemm's line of reasoning, I will show how this approach is promising for thinking in a new way about some developments in contemporary sciences and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding of the material of the book is difficult, it is not surprising to question whether the understanding of the material has become neglected. Therefore, the religious understanding of students must be developed by the ustāẓ in the Islamic boarding school through the learning process. This can be done using the formulation of the discovery learning model which contains a comprehensive learning procedure design. Purpose: This study aims to determine the application of the discovery learning model, and the religious understanding of students using discovery learning and non-discovery learning models, as well as increasing the religious understanding of students after using discovery learning and non-discovery learning models in Class 1 Aliyah Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School and Al-Mukhtariyah Islamic Boarding School West Bandung Method: The research approach used is an experimental study with a quasiexperimental type in the form of a nonequivalent pre-test and post-test control group design. The research population was students of Class 1 Aliyah Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School and Al-Mukhtariyah Islamic Boarding School, West Bandung with a sample of 106 students consisting of experimental and control classes. The research instrument used was a 38-item questionnaire, providing 20 multiple-choice questions and 5 description questions. Data were analyzed using statistical tests Results: The results of the research show that the discovery learning model is very suitable to be applied to the Al-Taufīq Sulam Book lesson, at the Darul Falah Islamic boarding school it got an average score of 93.65% which shows a very good interpretation value, and at the Al-Mukhtariyah Islamic boarding school, it got an average score of 93.65%. an average of 90.42% which shows a very good interpretation value. The religious understanding of students using the discovery learning model at the Darul Falah Islamic boarding school is at high criteria with an average pretest score of 52.39 and posttest 82.85 which has increased by 30.46%, at Al-Mukhtariyah Islamic boarding school it is at sufficient criteria. The average pretest score was 43.57 and posttest 75.87, which was an increase of 32.3%. Conclusion: Meanwhile, non-discovery learning at the Darul Falah Islamic boarding school is at sufficient criteria with an average pretest score of 58.44 and posttest of 70.22, an increase of 11.78%, at the Al-Mukhtariyah Islamic boarding school it is at sufficient criteria with an average score -average pretest 51.22 and posttest 60.65, an increase of 9.43% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, a work on which the nomenclature of many fungi is based was known to occur in Scotland's Glasgow University Botany Department but the buildings were devastated by fire in 2001 and the whereabouts of this important work, if it existed, was lost. Its re-finding is reported herein. Results: The Glasgow copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, an uncut first edition of Fries' work, was located in the Glasgow Museums in its original cabinet being transferred there years before the fire and its specimens being now databased. It is one of the few existing uncut copies of this important scientific work and one of the best-preserved copies of the first edition. Conclusion: The discovery of this first edition of Scleromyceti Sueciae emphasizes the significance to reserve special conservation for important collections by early mycologists. It also allows interested mycologists world-wide to know of the existence in Glasgow of an uncut, first edition copy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Intelligence scholars are drawing on behavioural decision theory to improve decision-making under risk and uncertainty in intelligence and counterintelligence. Such an undertaking is essentially lacking without the Austrian school's concepts of knowledge, discovery, (entrepreneurial) judgement, ignorance, rational calculation and, more generally, its analysis of human action in the face of true uncertainty. Decision theory, both orthodox and behavioural, depicts decision rather narrowly as a prioritisation task undertaken within a delineated problem space where the probabilities "sum to one". From such a perspective, certain perennial challenges in intelligence and counterintelligence appear resolvable when in fact they are not, at least not when approached from the usual direction. We explain how Austrian concepts can complement efforts to improve intelligence decision-making. We conclude that the future strategic value of intelligence analysis is located beyond information acquisition, however fast and however vast. Intelligence agencies have no price signals to help them determine how much intelligence to produce. And governments have no price signals to moderate their appetites for the intelligence product. Ultimately, those agencies that recognise the implications of intelligence agencies as non-price institutions and adapt their decision-making processes may find that they have the upper hand over their rivals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational reforms refer to the renewal and permanent improvement of the learning offer which the system proposes to students. In this sense, the purpose of studying English and other foreign languages as SLA (second language aquisition) during compulsory or non-compulsory schooling is to gradually form a learner with strong communicative powers, able to interact socially, in order to be effectively integrated in the context of the future professional path. This paper proposes wasy in which such abilities can be acquired and used most effectively and creatively in everyday life for everyone who intends to continue the learning process at any stage of life. Nowadays, the emphasis is on procedural learning, on the structuring of modern strategies and procedures for problem solving, analysis and research, characteristic of any communicative activity. Starting from the premise that the English language lectures, from the perspective of active-participative and formative methods involved in the didactic process through academic conversation, in support of the development of students' knowledge, it is appropriate to emphasize the findings of such an integrative approach, which refer to the fulfillment of some operational cognitive and affective objectives, through specific strategies designed to lead to the achievement of general and particular skills according to the objectives set for each session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pemahaman konsep matematika adalah faktor penting yang menjadi landasan berpikir dalam memecahkan masalah matematika. Discovery learning merupakan model pembelajaran yang cocok untuk pemahaman konsep matematis, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan video animasi menggunakan animaker dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa pada pembelajaran blended dengan model discovery materi bangun ruang sisi datar di kelas VIII SMP. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Pengumpulan data berdasarkan angket dan tes pemahaman konsep. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa video animasi memenuhi kriteria kevalidan dari segi materi sebesar 91,25% (sangat valid) dan dari segi media sebesar 94,78% (sangat valid). Selain itu, tingkat kepraktisan oleh guru adalah 90,91% (sangat praktis) dan tingkat kepraktisan siswa sebesar 91,5% (sangat praktis). Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil angket efektifitas video animasi oleh siswa, tingkat keefektifan mencapai 88,33% (sangat efektif). Tes kemampuan pemahaman konsep (Pretest dan Postest) menunjukkan hasil sebesar 0,79 dengan kategori tinggi. Understanding mathematical concepts is an important factor that forms the basis for thinking in solving mathematical problems. Discovery learning is a learning model that is suitable for understanding mathematical concepts, therefore this research aims to create animated videos using animaker to increase students' understanding of concepts in blended learning with the Discovery model of material for building flat-sided spaces in class VIII SMP. This type of research is development research with the ADDIE model. Data collection is based on questionnaires and concept understanding tests. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the animated video meets the validity criteria in terms of material at 91.25% (very valid) and in terms of media at 94.78% (very valid). Apart from that, the teacher's practicality level was 90.91% (very practical) and the students' practicality level was 91.5% (very practical). Apart from that, based on the results of a questionnaire on the effectiveness of animated videos by students, the effectiveness level reached 88.33% (very effective). The concept understanding ability test (Pretest and Posttest) showed a result of 0.79 in the high category.

The karst landform in Yunnan Province, China, represents one of the most biodiverse regions for Hemiphyllodactylus. Previous research has revealed that the karst forests in this province host a greater diversity of Hemiphyllodactylus than previously acknowledged. However, substantial fundamental data essential for taxonomic and biogeographical studies are lacking. We conducted extensive surveys for Hemiphyllodactylus in the Yunnan Province that led to the discovery of three new species from Menglian Dai, Lahu, and Wa Autonomous County and Jinghong City based on morphological and genetic data. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on the ND2 gene (1038 bp) placed the three new species into clade 3 and clade 4 of Agung et al. The uncorrected genetic pairwise distance of the Menglian specimens were greater than 5.7%, and those of the Jinghong City specimens were greater than 5.2% and 8.5%, respectively. They could be distinguished from their congeners by body size, chin scales, internasal scales, ventral scales, dorsal scales, and the total number of femoral and precloacal pores. Furthermore, we update the distributional knowledge of the known species.

Background and Aims: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a critical role in the innate immune response and has been suggested to be a surrogate marker of oxidative stress and inflammation, with elevated levels implicated in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and heart failure, as well as in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. While MPO is well-known in leukocytes, its expression and function in human endothelial cells remain unclear. This study investigates MPO expression in patient-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and its potential association with CAD and mitochondrial function. Methods: ECFCs were cultured from the peripheral blood of 93 BioHEART-CT patients. MPO expression and associated functions were examined using qRT-PCR, immunochemistry, flow cytometry, and MPO activity assays. CAD presence was defined using CT coronary angiography (CACS > 0). Results: We report MPO presence in patient-derived ECFCs for the first time. MPO protein expression occurred in 70.7% of samples (n = 41) which had nuclear co-localisation, an atypical observation given its conventional localisation in the granules of neutrophils and monocytes. This suggests potential alternative roles for MPO in nuclear processes. MPO mRNA expression was detected in 66.23% of samples (n = 77). CAD patients had a lower proportion of MPO-positive ECFCs compared to non-CAD controls (57.45% vs. 80%, p = 0.04), a difference that persisted in the statin-naïve sub-cohort (53.85% vs. 84.62%, p = 0.02). Non-CAD patients with MPO expression showed upregulated mitochondrial-antioxidant genes (AIFM2, TXNRD1, CAT, PRDX3, PRDX6). In contrast, CAD patients with MPO gene expression had heightened mROS production and mitochondrial mass and decreased mitochondrial function compared to that of CAD patients without MPO gene expression. Conclusions: MPO is present in the nucleus of ECFCs. In non-CAD ECFCs, MPO expression is linked to upregulated mitochondrial-antioxidant genes, whereas in CAD ECFCs, it is associated with greater mitochondrial dysfunction.

The increasing interest in postbiotics, a term gaining recognition alongside probiotics and prebiotics, aligns with a growing number of clinical trials demonstrating positive outcomes for specific conditions. Postbiotics present several advantages, including safety, extended shelf life, ease of administration, absence of risk, and patentability, making them more appealing than probiotics alone. This review covers various aspects, starting with an introduction, terminology, classification of postbiotics, and brief mechanisms of action. It emphasizes microbial metabolomics as the initial step in discovering novel postbiotics. Commonly employed techniques such as NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS are briefly outlined, along with their application principles and limitations in microbial metabolomics. The review also examines existing research where these techniques were used to identify, isolate, and characterize postbiotics derived from different microbial sources. The discovery section concludes by highlighting challenges and future directions to enhance postbiotic discovery. In the second half of the review, we delve deeper into numerous published postbiotic clinical trials to date. We provide brief overviews of system-specific trial applications, their objectives, the postbiotics tested, and their outcomes. The review concludes by highlighting ongoing applications of postbiotics in extended clinical trials, offering a comprehensive overview of the current landscape in this evolving field.

Despite unprecedented advancements in our understanding of disease process and targeting opportunities, our continued ability to discover and develop new medicines is fundamentally in doubt. These challenges reflect a growing recognition of the escalating risks of drug development (in terms of dollars and time) by established pharmaceutical companies and investors. Such hurdles are surmountable and require new thinking. This opinion piece conveys an overview of the challenge and an example of how we might overcome these challenges with constructive and forward-looking incentives for drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]