Search

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The transgender population in Brazil faces marginalization and difficulties in accessing education and health, leading many individuals to self-medicate. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the implementation of Specialized Centers in the Transsexualizing Process (SCTP) on the use of cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) without medical prescription, as well as the level of education and mental health profile of these individuals. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with data from physical and electronic medical records between September 2017 and February 2023 regarding the use of CSHT before and after the implementation of two SCTP in the state of Bahia, Brazil, in addition to data on education level, previous diagnosis of anxiety and depression of patients. RESULTS A total of 219 participants, 127 transgender men (TM) and 92 transgender women and travestis (TrTW), were assessed. A significant reduction in the prevalence of self-medication was observed in both TrTW (92.98% before and 51.43% after, p

O presente texto tem por objetivo expor as contradições em torno da defesa de que a escola inclusiva se equipara à Escola Unitária proposta por Gramsci (2001). A exposição parte da análise do livro Gramsci e a Educação Especial (Melo; Rafante; Gomes, 2019), no qual se registra uma série de argumentos que equiparam a Educação Especial na perspectiva inclusiva com a Escola Unitária. Para a análise, além do livro supracitado, partimos do posto no Caderno 12 sobre a Escola Unitária (Gramsci, 2001). Diante da argumentação dos autores sobre a Educação Especial na perspectiva inclusiva e a Escola Unitária em Gramsci (2001), concluímos que os autores tomam as contribuições de Gramsci por um viés pós-estruturalista, desconsiderando a base teórico-metodológica marxista-leninista, a análise da luta de classes e o papel da educação na luta por um outro modelo de sociedade. Por fim, concluímos que a associação entre a concepção de Escola Unitária e a escola inclusiva é um equívoco, dado que esta não é suficiente para garantir estruturalmente a emancipação dos estudantes da educação especial.

Inflammation contributes to the onset and exacerbation of numerous age-related diseases, often manifesting as a chronic condition during aging. Given that cellular senescence fosters local and systemic inflammation, senotherapeutic interventions could potentially aid in managing or even reducing inflammation. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of the senotherapeutic Peptide 14 (Pep 14) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, and macrophages. We found that, despite failing to significantly influence T cell activation and proliferation, the peptide promoted a Th2/Treg gene expression and cytokine signature in PBMCs, characterized by increased expression of the transcription factors GATA3 and FOXP3, as well as the cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. These observations were partially confirmed through ELISA, in which we observed increased IL-10 release by resting and PHA-stimulated PBMCs. In monocytes from the U-937 cell line, Pep 14 induced apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells and upregulated IL-10 expression. Furthermore, Pep 14 prevented LPS-induced activation and promoted an M2-like polarization in U-937-derived macrophages, evidenced by decreased expression of M1 markers and increased expression of M2 markers. We also showed that the conditioned media from Pep 14-treated macrophages enhanced fibroblast migration, indicative of a functional M2 phenotype. Taken together, our findings suggest that Pep 14 modulates immune cell function towards an anti-inflammatory and regenerative phenotype, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic intervention to alleviate immunosenescence-associated dysregulation.

The aging process includes impairment in mitochondrial function, a reduction in anti-oxidant activity, and an increase in oxidative stress, marked by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Oxidative damage to macromolecules including DNA and electron transport proteins likely increases ROS production resulting in further damage. This oxidative theory of cell aging is supported by the fact that diseases associated with the aging process are marked by increased oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels fall with aging in the human but this is not seen in all species or all tissues. It is unknown whether lower CoQ10 levels have a part to play in aging and disease or whether it is an inconsequential cellular response to aging. Despite the current lay public interest in supplementing with CoQ10, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend CoQ10 supplementation as an anti-aging anti-oxidant therapy.

Objective The purpose of the present study was to verify the acute effects of blood pressure and blood glucose after two sessions of combined exercise sessions performed at two levels of intensity in trained individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Eighteen individuals (66.22 ± 8.61 years) of both sexes (6 women/12 men) with cardiovascular risk factors performed two sessions of combined exercises at different levels of intensity: moderate (MOD) and high (HI). To control the intensity of the aerobic training, the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale was used. For the strength training, the maximum number of repetitions was carried out within a predetermined duration of sets. Blood pressure and blood glucose measurements were collected before and 20 minutes after the sessions. The data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations, α 5%. Results Reductions were observed in systolic blood pressure (MOD – Δ = −4.95 mmHg; HI – Δ = −3.31 mmHg) and blood glucose (MOD – Δ = −16.06 mg/dL; HI – Δ = −29.45 mg/dL) after the two sessions, with no difference between sessions. Diastolic blood pressure did not change (p

Amblyomma sculptum is a species of public health interest because it is associated with the transmission of the bacteria that causes Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF). The use of repellents on humans is a prophylactic measure widely used to provide protection against a series of arthropod vectors, including mosquitoes and ticks. However, in Brazil, the effectiveness of commercial repellents against A. sculptum is little known. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out specific studies to evaluate the repellency of these commercial products, registered for use against mosquitoes, against the star tick. The main goal of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of six commercial repellents against A. sculptum. Unfed nymphs, aged between two and eight weeks, were tested against products based on DEET (OFF!® and Repelex®), Icaridin (Exposis® and SBP®), and IR3535 (Johnsons and Henlau). Three bioassays were conducted to evaluate tick behavior: (i) filter paper, (ii) fingertip, and (iii) field. All bases tested showed high repellent activity, differing significantly (p < 0.05) from the control. It was observed the formulation with DEET resulted in the best results in the filter paper bioassay. In the fingertip bioassay, the DEET base repelled a greater number of ticks compared to Icaridin. In the field bioassay, there was no significant difference between the Icaridin base and DEET, and both formulations differed from the control (p < 0.05). The six formulations tested showed significant percentages of repellency against ticks; however, for the fingertip and field bioassays, the products OFF!®, Repelex®, and Exposis® were tested as they showed better performance in the filter paper test. OFF!® showed the best percentage of repellency (100%), followed by Repelex® (96.8%), and Exposis® (93.1%), considering the two-hour period of the bioassay-field-test. Proving the effectiveness of repellents on the market against A. sculptum presented in this study is crucial, since this is the main ectoparasite of humans that can transmit Rickettsia rickettsii when infected. The effectiveness of commercial insect repellents against other tick species that parasitize humans can also be explored.

O Museu Nacional pertence à Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e sofreu um trágico incêndio poucos meses depois de comemorar seu bicentenário em 2018. Trata-se da instituição de ciência mais antiga do Brasil. Seu acervo é revelador de muitas histórias. Este artigo analisa a trajetória da Coleção Quintino Pacheco e da jangada Libertadora, ambas reunidas na última década da escravidão e diretamente ligadas à luta pela liberdade. A vida social dessas coisas é reveladora das ações humanas que lhe deram significações e é de nosso interesse entender como diferentes atores colocaram o valor desses objetos em disputa.

The National Museum belongs to the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and suffered a tragic fire a few months after celebrating its bicentennial in 2018. It is the oldest science institution in Brazil. Its collection reveals many stories. This article analyzes the trajectory of the Quintino Pacheco Collection and the Libertadora raft, both gathered in the last decade of slavery and directly related to the struggle for freedom. The social lives of these artifacts reveal the human actions that gave them meaning and it is in our interest to understand how different actors place the value of these objects in dispute.

Objective: To report a series of atypical presentations of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome. Methods: Clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic data. Results: We report a series of six unrelated patients (five males) with a subacute loss of developmental milestones, pyramidal signs, and regression of communication abilities, with onset at ages ranging from 7 to 20 months, reaching a nadir after 4 to 24 weeks. A remarkable improvement of lost abilities occurred in the follow-up, and they remained with residual spasticity and dysarthria but preserved cognitive function. Immunization or febrile illness occurred before disease onset in all patients. CSF was normal in two patients, and in four, borderline or mild lymphocytosis was present. A brain CT scan disclosed a subtle basal ganglia calcification in one of six patients. Brain MRI showed asymmetric signal abnormalities of white matter with centrum semi-ovale involvement in five patients and a diffuse white matter abnormality with contrast enhancement in one. Four patients were diagnosed and treated for acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Brain imaging was markedly improved with one year or more of follow-up (average of 7 years), but patients remained with residual spasticity and dysarthria without cognitive impairment. Demyelination relapse occurred in a single patient four years after the first event. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in all patients: four of them disclosed biallelic pathogenic variants in RNASEH2B (three homozygous p.Ala177Thr and one compound heterozygous p.Ala177Thr/p.Gln58*) and in two of them the same homozygous deleterious variants in RNASEH2A (p.Ala249Val). Conclusions: This report expands the phenotype of AGS to include subacute developmental regression with partial clinical and neuroimaging improvement. Those clinical features might be misdiagnosed as ADEM.

We report a 20-year-old, female, adopted Indian patient with over 662 Mb regions of homozy-gosity who presented with intellectual disability, ataxia, schizophrenia, retinal dystrophy, moder-ate-to-severe progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), congenital hypothyroidism, cleft mi-tral valve with mild mitral valve regurgitation, and dysmorphic features. Exome analysis first on a clinical basis and subsequently on research reanalysis uncovered pathogenic variants in three nu-clear genes following two modes of inheritance that were causal to her complex phenotype. These included (1) compound heterozygous variants in BBS6 potentially causative for Bardet–Biedl syn-drome 6; (2) a homozygous, known pathogenic variant in the stereocilin (STRC) gene associated with nonsyndromic deafness; and (3) a homozygous variant in dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene asso-ciated with congenital hypothyroidism. A variant of uncertain significance was identified in a fourth gene, troponin T2 (TNNT2), associated with cardiomyopathy but not the cleft mitral valve, with mild mitral regurgitation seen in this case. This patient was the product of an apparent first-degree relationship, explaining the multiple independent inherited findings. This case high-lights the need to carefully evaluate multiple independent genetic etiologies for complex pheno-types, particularly in the case of consanguinity, rather than presuming unexplained features are expansions of known gene disorders.

The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations, distribution, and fate of potentially toxic elements [lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd)] in sediments of a hydropower plant water reservoir located in the Brazilian Cerrado biome (used as system model). The purpose of this study was achieved with an analysis of the level of contamination based on the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and factor contamination (FC) and comparisons with values established by environmental legislation. The physical–chemical–biological properties of sediment samples, the distribution, and the fate of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the basin of the stream studied were also investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and principal component analysis (PCA). Cu, Hg, and Cd concentrations in the sediment samples from most of the points analyzed were above level II of the categorization stipulated in environmental legislation, characterizing sediments of poor quality. Moreover, Igeo and FC values indicated potential pollution of the water reservoir sediment by Cd. Concentrations of Cd exceeding 0.34 mg kg−1 surpassed the reference values for water quality established by Conama Resolution No. 454/2012, highlighting the urgent need for ongoing sediment quality monitoring strategies. Hence, the study water reservoir was classified as being moderately to extremely polluted due to the fate of potentially toxic metals in the sediment samples. Frequent monitoring of the sediment quality in watersheds with hydropower plants is indispensable for the assessment of water resources, considering the importance of the water supply and power generation for the population. Moreover, water contaminated by PTEs poses potential risks to river basins, as well as to human and animal health. The results of this work can assist in the investigation of other water reservoirs around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo. Caracterizar as fake news sobre COVID-19 que circularam no Brasil de janeiro a junho de 2020. Métodos. As fake news registradas até 30 de junho de 2020 em dois sites (G1, da corporação Globo, e Ministério da Saúde) foram coletadas e categorizadas de acordo com o seu conteúdo. Para cada notícia enganosa, foram extraídos os seguintes dados: data de circulação, título, canal de divulgação (por exemplo, WhatsApp), formato da divulgação (por exemplo, texto, foto ou vídeo) e portal de registro. Os termos encontrados nos títulos das notícias falsas foram analisados no Google Trends para determinar se houve aumento de buscas no Google com utilização desses termos após a disseminação de uma determinada notícia enganosa. Foram também identificadas as macrorregiões brasileiras com maior porcentagem de aumento nas buscas utilizando os termos analisados. Resultados. Foram identificadas 329 fake news relacionadas à pandemia de COVID-19 nos sites estudados (253 no G1 e 76 no Ministério da Saúde). As fake news foram disseminadas principalmente através de WhatsApp e Facebook. As categorias temáticas mais frequentes foram: política (por exemplo, governantes falsificando a vacinação contra a COVID-19, com 20,1%), epidemiologia e estatística (proporção dos casos e óbitos, 19,5%) e prevenção (16,1%). Conforme o Google Trends, houve um aumento de 34,3% nas buscas que utilizavam termos presentes nas fake news. O maior aumento nas buscas ocorreu no Sudeste (45,1%) e Nordeste (27,8%). Conclusões. As fake news divulgadas durante os primeiros 6 meses da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil se caracterizaram por conteúdos de posicionamento político e desinformação sobre número de casos e óbitos e medidas de prevenção e de tratamento. Os principais veículos de divulgação foram o WhatsApp e o Facebook, com utilização de mensagens, imagens e vídeos, tendo maior alcance nas regiões Sudeste e Nordeste do país.

Nos anos 1980, nasce o movimento de vídeo popular brasileiro e a Associação Brasileira de Vídeo Popular (ABVP), em meio ao ascenso das lutas sociais do período. Duas décadas mais tarde, realizadores ligados a movimentos sociais e coletivos culturais da periferia se organizam em São Paulo, formando o Coletivo de Vídeo Popular, um “coletivo dos coletivos”. Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o novo movimento surgido nesta articulação, assim como o contexto histórico de seu surgimento e, também, sobre os debates e críticas propostos pelos integrantes, que dizem respeito a temas como a política das representações, os modos de produção e a busca por identidade e autonomia. Por fim, analisaremos o documentário Videolência, do coletivo NCA, que sintetiza, em seu discurso e linguagem, muitos dos debates do Coletivo de Vídeo Popular.

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a rede socioassistencial, não governamental de atendimento às crianças e adolescentes do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, por considerar que ela desempenha um importante papel no processo de efetivação do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos das crianças e adolescentes (SGD), preconizado pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Tal reflexão busca também pontuar a dimensão contraditória das organizações, na medida que tendem a contribuir para a desresponsabilização do Estado na oferta dos serviços essenciais à população infantojuvenil e para a fragmentação das ações. As análises são realizadas a partir de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com entidades não governamentais que possuem registro no Conselho Municipal de Promoção dos Direitos das Crianças e Adolescentes. Tal reflexão se faz importante, para que se possa identificar as respostas às expressões da questão social que existem no campo do Estado e da sociedade civil, visando formular respostas profissionais, em especial no campo do Serviço Social, as quais possam culminar no fortalecimento e ampliação dos direitos, considerando-se as relações entre público e privado.

IntroductionAerobic training of moderate intensity is the primary modality recommended in the management of hypertension. The manipulation of training variables can be an important strategy for the continuity of health benefits; however, little is known about the effects of the progression of aerobic training variables in the adaptations of blood pressure in hypertensive adults.ObjectiveTo analyze, through a systematic review with meta-analysis, the effects of aerobic training with and without progression on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive adults.MethodThe search for the studies was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Central, SPORTDiscus and LILACS databases. Clinical trials that analyzed the effect of aerobic training, lasting at least six weeks, on blood pressure in hypertensive individuals comparing with a control group without intervention were selected. The selection of studies and data extraction were carried out independently by two pairs of researchers. The results are presented as mean difference and 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was considered with p < 0.05.ResultsOf the 13,028 studies found, 24 were selected and included in this review, 12 with progression of training variables and 12 without progression, with a total of 1,207 participants analyzed. There was a reduction in SBP after aerobic training with progression (−10.67 mmHg; 95% CI −15.421, −5.926; p < 0.001) and without progression (−10.17 mmHg; CI −12.213, −8.120; p < 0.001). DBP also decreased after aerobic training with progression (−5.49 mmHg; 95% CI −8.663, −2.310; p < 0.001) and without progression (−6.51 mmHg; 95% CI −9.147, −3.868; p < 0.001). According to the results of the meta-regression analyses, only age showed an association with the reduction of SBP (β: −0.323; CI −0.339, −0.307; p < 0.001).ConclusionAerobic training promotes a reduction in the SBP and DBP levels of adults with hypertension, regardless of whether or not the training variables progression.

Percutaneous decompression of the cecum is a procedure that could be considered for horses with cecal gas distension. The aim of this study was to identify complications such as peritonitis and clinically relevant peritonitis (CRP) after transabdominal cecal trocarization in healthy horses using a cattle trocar and a cecal needle. Mixed breed horses were assigned to three groups (n = 6): horses that underwent trocarization with a cecal needle (G1) or a cattle trocar (G2), and a control group (CG) without cecal trocarization. The same horses were used in each group, respecting a three-month washout period between studies. A physical examination, serial blood, and peritoneal fluid sampling were performed, prior to cecal trocarization and 2, 6 and 12 hours after the first collection and 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after the procedure. Acute-phase proteins in blood and peritoneal fluid were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Horses with a high cell count in the peritoneal fluid (i.e., 10,000 cells/μl) were considered to have peritonitis and CRP if they met at least two of the following clinical criteria: anorexia, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, ileus, abnormal oral mucous membrane color, abnormal white blood cells count, or high blood fibrinogen concentration (> 5 g/L). All horses recovered from cecal trocarization and abdominocentesis with no major complications. Cecal trocarization caused cytologic evidence of peritonitis in G1 and G2 during the 14 days of evaluation. CRP was not observed, although a decrease in cecal motility was observed in G1 and G2 during the experimental period and three horses, one from G1 and two from G2, showed a single moment of fever. None of the groups showed leukopenia or leukocytosis, although blood neutrophil count decreased at D7 and D14 in G1 and at D14 in G2 (p ≤ 0.05). After cecal trocarization, an increase in the total nucleated cells count, total proteins, globulins, alkaline phosphatase and acute phase proteins were observed in the peritoneal fluid of G1 and G2 during the 14 days of evaluation (p ≤ 0.05), without causing clinically relevant peritonitis. Transcutaneous cecal trocarization promotes peritonitis, which is more intense with a cattle trocar than with a cecal needle. The cecal needle should be considered for cecal trocarization of horses with cecal tympany.

This paper proposes a computer model to reuse cooking oil, collected from restaurants of a public university, as a raw material to generate biodiesel. Both the environmental and economic impacts were analyzed when this biofuel was used in trash trucks in cities in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, in Brazil. The model was developed based on System Dynamics and it was implemented using Vensin software. Employing a 10-year scenario analysis, it proved possible to reduce water pollution and CO2 emissions, as well as save costs, when using biodiesel instead of buying mineral diesel. We concluded that generating biodiesel to use as fuel for trash trucks could be a way to reuse cooking oil, preventing air and water pollution, as well as saving costs.

Nesse artigo buscamos discutir as propostas para a educação especial no contexto de pandemia causada pela COVID-19. Com base nos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos do materialismo histórico e dialético, analisamos documentos internacionais e nacionais que propõem alternativas de ensino não presencial para os estudantes da educação especial. Verificamos a participação de organizações multilaterais na difusão de novas formas de produzir educação no mundo e na construção do consenso de que, no Brasil, o ensino remoto é a única forma de adequar o calendário escolar neste contexto. Constatamos que as recomendações para a educação dos estudantes da educação especial não diferem das propostas para o ensino presencial já difundidas pelas políticas educacionais, embora reconheçam que esses estudantes não se beneficiam das soluções à distância. Concluímos que as propostas para a educação especial no período da pandemia escancaram a exclusão do acesso ao conhecimento científico, que permeia, historicamente, a educação desses grupos de estudantes.