Search

AbstractBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionHealth-related quality of life (HRQOL) is indicative of an individual’s overall health status, and identifying factors that influence HRQOL is important in improving HRQOL. This study investigated associations between the physical function, with focus being placed on the balance ability, and HRQOL.This cross-sectional study assessed HRQOL using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Based on their total, physical, and psychosocial HRQOL scores, participants were divided into higher and lower score groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify physical function that affect HRQOL.This study included 323 Japanese children aged 8–12 (167 girls, mean age 10.5 ± 1.4 years). The analysis revealed that the total score correlated with balance ability (odds ratio 1.030; p = 0.017) and cardiorespiratory fitness (odds ratio 0.963; p = 0.004). Physical scores correlated with lower body muscle strength (odds ratio 1.020; p = 0.029) and balance ability (odds ratio 1.034; p = 0.006). Psychosocial scores correlated with balance ability (odds ratio 1.024; p = 0.042) and cardiorespiratory fitness (odds ratio 0.972; p = 0.023).Notably, the balance function was tied to all HRQOL scores among physical functions. The results suggest that improving balance ability is important for maintaining and improving HRQOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Square dancing is a kind of aerobic fitness exercise without environmental restrictions that yields many benefits for physical and mental health; this exercise is popular among middle-aged and elderly people in China and in these populations in other countries. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of square dance exercise on the overall cognitive function of elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to research its mechanisms. Methods A total of 60 elderly people with MCI (60–69 years old) without square dance experience were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The experimental group participated in square dance exercise for 12 weeks, while the control group maintained their original lifestyle habits. One week before and after the intervention period, the overall cognitive function, physical fitness, and executive function of both groups were measured. Results According to the results, square dance exercise directly improved the overall cognitive function of elderly individuals with MCI and indirectly affected overall cognitive function through the mediating effects of balance ability and executive function. Conclusions Square dance exercise represents a nonpharmacological intervention for the prevention and treatment of MCI. Importantly, it is best to combine this exercise with other forms of physical exercise and comprehensive treatment programs such as cognitive training, social interaction, and psychological intervention to realize its maximum effect.

The reflexive responses to resist external forces and maintain posture result from the coordination between the vestibular system, muscle, tendon, and joint proprioceptors, and vision. Aging deteriorates these crucial functions, increasing the risk of falls. This study aimed to verify whether a training program with water bags, an Instability Neuromuscular training (INT) using the inertial load of water, could positively impact balance ability and dynamic stability. This study was conducted with twenty-two healthy older women aged ≥ 65 (mean age: 74.82 ± 7.00 years, height: 154.20 ± 5.49 cm, weight: 55.84 ± 7.46 kg, BMI: 23.55 ± 3.58 kg/m2). The participants were randomly allocated into two groups: a group that used water bags and a control group performing bodyweight exercises. The intervention training lasted 12 weeks, with 2 sessions per week totaling 24 sessions, each lasting 60 min. The pre- and post-tests were compared using t-tests to examine within- and-between-group differences. The effect size was examined based on the interaction between group and time using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The Modified Timed Up and Go manual (TUG manual), Sharpened Romberg Test (SRT), and Y-balance test (YBT) were conducted to assess dynamic stability, including gait function, static stability, and reactive ability. In comparison between groups, the waterbag training group showed a decrease in task completion time associated with an increase in walking speed in the TUG manual test (p < 0.05), and an increase in static stability and reaction time in the Sharpened Romberg test with eyes closed (p < 0.05), and an increase in single-leg stance ability in both legs in the Y-balance test (p < 0.05). All statistical confidence interval levels were set 95%. INT using the inertial load of water enhanced the somatosensory system and gait related to dynamic stability in older women. Therefore, the clinical application of this training program is expected to reduce the risk of falls in healthy older women, improving dynamic stability related to gait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Square dancing is a kind of aerobic fitness exercise without environmental restrictions that yields many benefits for physical and mental health; this exercise is popular among middle-aged and elderly people in China and in these populations in other countries. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of square dance exercise on the overall cognitive function of elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to research its mechanisms. Methods: A total of 60 elderly people with MCI (60–69 years old) without square dance experience were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The experimental group participated in square dance exercise for 12 weeks, while the control group maintained their original lifestyle habits. One week before and after the intervention period, the overall cognitive function, physical fitness, and executive function of both groups were measured. Results: According to the results, square dance exercise directly improved the overall cognitive function of elderly individuals with MCI and indirectly affected overall cognitive function through the mediating effects of balance ability and executive function. Conclusions: Square dance exercise represents a nonpharmacological intervention for the prevention and treatment of MCI. Importantly, it is best to combine this exercise with other forms of physical exercise and comprehensive treatment programs such as cognitive training, social interaction, and psychological intervention to realize its maximum effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background This study explores the effect of sensory-based static balance training on the balance ability, aging attitude, and perceived stress of older adults in the community. It provides a practical basis for the in-depth implementation and revision of the community health management model. Methods A randomized controlled intervention study was conducted from 2022 to 2023. A total of 72 older adults were recruited and randomly divided into an intervention group (36 individuals) and a control group (36 individuals). Balance ability (measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery and One Leg Stand Test), aging attitudes, and perceived stress were assessed at baseline and at the 12-week and 24-week follow-ups. Repeated-measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equations were used to compare outcome measures. Results Sensory-based static balance training was beneficial for balance ability and aging attitude among participants in the intervention group. At the end of the intervention, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in SPPB scores and OLST scores compared with the control group (F SPPB = 12.347, P = 0.001, Waldχ 2 OLST = 45.530, P

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 10-week Core Stability Training (CST) compared to Traditional Strength Training (TST) on the balance abilities of adolescent male basketball players. Methods: Subjects (age: 15.70 ± 0.75, height: 178.4 ± 8.31, weight: 66.55 ± 8.34) were randomly assigned to either the Core Stability Training group or the Traditional Strength Training group. Three selected balance assessment indicators included the Single-leg Standing with Eyes Closed Test, Star Excursion Balance Test, and Core Four-Direction Endurance Test. Results: 1) The scores were significantly different in both groups before and after the Single-leg Standing with Eyes Closed Test; (p < 0.01, d = 1.692, d = 1.837); 2) In the Star Excursion Balance Test, the scores of the experimental group showed significant difference (p < 0.05) or highly significant difference (p < 0.01) with an average effect size of (d = 1.727) when the left or right foot supported in the other directions before and after the training. However, there was no significant difference in scores in the c direction when the left foot supported (p > 0.05, d = 0.954); 3) In the Core Four-Direction Endurance Test, there were no significant differences in scores for the control group before and after training (p > 0.05, d = 0.567), while the experimental group showed significant differences in scores before and after training (p < 0.05, d = 1.889). Discussion: Both CST and TST were effective in enhancing the balance abilities of adolescent basketball players. CST, in particular, demonstrated improvements in dynamic balance and agility across multiple planes. Basketball coaches are encouraged to consider incorporating CST training programs into their overall training plans for optimal balance enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study explores the effect of sensory-based static balance training on the balance ability, aging attitude, and perceived stress of older adults in the community. It provides a practical basis for the in-depth implementation and revision of the community health management model. Methods: A randomized controlled intervention study was conducted from 2022 to 2023. A total of 72 older adults were recruited and randomly divided into an intervention group (36 individuals) and a control group (36 individuals). Balance ability (measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery and One Leg Stand Test), aging attitudes, and perceived stress were assessed at baseline and at the 12-week and 24-week follow-ups. Repeated-measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equations were used to compare outcome measures. Results: Sensory-based static balance training was beneficial for balance ability and aging attitude among participants in the intervention group. At the end of the intervention, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in SPPB scores and OLST scores compared with the control group (FSPPB = 12.347, P = 0.001, Waldχ2OLST = 45.530, P < 0.001), as well as significant differences in aging attitudes (FAAQ = 18.549, P < 0.001). Multiple comparisons at different time points in the intervention group reveal a significant intervention effect (FSPPB = 29.211, Waldχ2OLST = 80.428, FAAQ = 45.981, all P < 0.05). However, the difference in perceived stress before and after the intervention was not significant (FCPSS = 2.876, P = 0.095). Conclusions: Sensory-based static balance training significantly improved balance ability and aging attitudes among older adults in the community. The effect on perceived stress among older adults in the community was not significant. Trial registration: Registered in the Chinese Clinic on 04/06/2022. The registration number is ChiCTR2200060541. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with intellectual disabilities often face challenges in balance ability and lower limb muscle strength, which negatively impact their daily lives and motor function. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of children with intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week aquatic exercise and floor curling intervention on the balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of children with intellectual disabilities. Forty-two participants were randomly assigned to the aquatic exercise group, floor curling group, and control group. The aquatic exercise and floor curling groups received a 12-week intervention, while the control group engaged in supervised free activities. The participants' balance ability and lower limb muscle strength were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale and a muscle strength testing device before and after the intervention. The results showed significant improvements in balance ability and lower limb muscle strength for both the aquatic exercise group and the floor curling group after the intervention. The aquatic exercise group demonstrated an average improvement of 10.84% in balance ability and an overall average improvement of 16.28% in lower limb muscle strength. The floor curling group showed an average improvement of 9.04% in balance ability and an overall average improvement of 15.67% in lower limb muscle strength. These improvement results were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from medium to large effect sizes (d = 0.5~0.8). The findings of this study validate the positive effects of aquatic exercise and floor curling on the balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of children with intellectual disabilities. These interventions can be considered effective approaches for functional rehabilitation in children with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Lack of exercise is often a major cause of chronic disease. Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic disease with multifactorial co-morbidity. Baduanjin (BDJ) exercise may be a powerful tool for modifying risk factors. The aim is to provide more evidence about the effectiveness of BDJ exercise in improving pain and balance ability in patients with OP. Methods In the prospective randomized controlled trial, 160 participants will be recruited and randomized to the treatment group (BDJ exercise combined with Calcium carbonate and D3) or the control group (Calcium carbonate and D3) at 1:1 ratio. Participants in the treatment group will receive 24-week BDJ exercise for 30–60 min, 3 times a week, along with Calcium carbonate and D3 at each day, while participants in the control group will receive Calcium carbonate and D3 only. All outcome indicators will be measured at baseline, after the 6th month of treatment and 6th month after the end of treatment. The primary outcomes include pain and balance ability, as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Berg balance scale (BBS). The secondary outcomes will primarily include bone mineral density (BMD), laboratory tests (including P1NP, β-CTX, MSTN, FDF-23, NPY), the timed “up and go” (TUG) test, the morse fall scale (MFS), the five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST). Discussion The study will hopefully confirm that BDJ exercise, as a non-drug intervention, should be recommended for patients with OP to prevent bone loss, falls and fractures. Trial registration International standard randomized controlled trial number (ISRCTN) registry: ISRCTN76945140 registered on 07/06/2022.

This paper focuses on 30 Wushu athletes of different age groups as a research sample, and uses the improved gray correlation analysis to explore the relationship between balance ability and physical training load. Finding the correlation from the time series of randomness can provide the basis for the factor analysis, the precision analysis of prediction, and then determine the main factors. The test results of load and balance ability are briefly analyzed by setting up the measurement indexes of balance ability and three kinds of physical training programs of load. It can be seen that the average value of one-legged closed-eye standing time after HIIT and FATmax interference is 64.24 and 46.9 respectively, which is increased. Then the gray correlation method was used to analyze the HIIT, FATmax and each balance force index, and it was concluded that in the gray correlation analysis, the value of ρ is usually taken in the range of {0,1} interval, and according to the experience, here ρ is taken as 0.5. The correlations in the results were all above 0.5, which indicated that the selected indexes had a high degree of correlation with the balance force. The HIIT is the major closed-eye one-legged standing performance of the Wushu athletes influencing factor with the highest correlation.

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the effects of additional visual tasks in physical exercise on the vision and balance ability of children, and to verify whether children’s vision mediated the influence of physical exercise on their balance ability.MethodsThe study randomly selected 86 students aged 9–10 years old from a school in Suzhou city, dividing them into an experimental group (n = 43) and a control group (n = 43). The experimental group participated in physical exercise with additional visual tasks, while the control group engaged in routine physical exercise. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks, with kinetic visual acuity (KVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), static balance, and dynamic balance measured before and after the experiment.ResultsThe results showed that after the experiment, the experimental group had significantly improved kinetic visual acuity (KVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), static balance, and dynamic balance. In contrast, the control group had significantly decreased kinetic visual acuity, no significant improvement in uncorrected distance visual acuity, and no significant difference in dynamic balance and static balance. In the experimental group, there was a moderate positive correlation between kinetic visual acuity and uncorrected distance visual acuity, and a moderate positive correlation between uncorrected distance visual acuity and both static and dynamic balance. The study also found that uncorrected distance visual acuity partially mediated the effect of additional visual tasks during physical exercise on static and dynamic balance among children.ConclusionIn conclusion, adding visual tasks to physical exercise had a positive effect on improving children’s vision and balance ability. Kinetic visual acuity and uncorrected distance visual acuity were positively correlated, and uncorrected distance visual acuity was positively correlated with both static and dynamic balance. Uncorrected distance visual acuity partially mediated the effect of physical exercise on children’s balance ability.

Objective: To study the effects of motor imagination training combined with three-dimensional progressive vibration therapy on balance ability, upper limb function and activities of daily living (ADL) of stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods: The study subjects were 80 cases of stroke patients with hemiplegia who were admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Suzhou Municipal Hospital from April 2019 to April 2022. After admission, according to the random number generated by the computer, they were randomly assigned to the control group and the study group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received motor imagination training, and the study group received three-dimensional progressive vibration therapy combined with motor imagination training. The efficacy, upper limb function, balance ability and daily living ability in the two groups were compared. Results: The scores of Fugl-Meyer Upper Limb Motor Function Scale (FM-uL) and Upper Limb Motion Study Scale (ARAT) in the two groups at 2 weeks after intervention and 4 weeks after intervention were increased, and the study group were higher than the control group in the same period. The score of modified Ashworth Spasm Scale (MAS) was decreased, and the study group was lower than the control group in the same period (P<0.05). The score of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in the two groups at 2 weeks after intervention and 4 weeks after intervention were increased, and the study group was higher than the control group in the same period (P<0.05). The score of Barthel index (BI) in the two groups at 2 weeks after intervention and 4 weeks after intervention were increased, and the study group was higher than the control group in the same period (P<0.05). Conclusion: Motor imagination training combined with three-dimensional progressive vibration therapy can effectively improve the balance ability, upper limb function and the ability of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lack of exercise is often a major cause of chronic disease. Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic disease with multifactorial co-morbidity. Baduanjin (BDJ) exercise may be a powerful tool for modifying risk factors. The aim is to provide more evidence about the effectiveness of BDJ exercise in improving pain and balance ability in patients with OP. Methods: In the prospective randomized controlled trial, 160 participants will be recruited and randomized to the treatment group (BDJ exercise combined with Calcium carbonate and D3) or the control group (Calcium carbonate and D3) at 1:1 ratio. Participants in the treatment group will receive 24-week BDJ exercise for 30–60 min, 3 times a week, along with Calcium carbonate and D3 at each day, while participants in the control group will receive Calcium carbonate and D3 only. All outcome indicators will be measured at baseline, after the 6th month of treatment and 6th month after the end of treatment. The primary outcomes include pain and balance ability, as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Berg balance scale (BBS). The secondary outcomes will primarily include bone mineral density (BMD), laboratory tests (including P1NP, β-CTX, MSTN, FDF-23, NPY), the timed "up and go" (TUG) test, the morse fall scale (MFS), the five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST). Discussion: The study will hopefully confirm that BDJ exercise, as a non-drug intervention, should be recommended for patients with OP to prevent bone loss, falls and fractures. Trial registration: International standard randomized controlled trial number (ISRCTN) registry: ISRCTN76945140 registered on 07/06/2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective The probability density analysis was applied to automatically characterize the center of pressure (COP) data for evaluation of the stroke patients’ balance ability. Methods The real-time COP coordinates of 38 stroke patients with eyes open and closed during quiet standing were obtained, respectively, from a precision force platform. The COP data were analyzed and characterized by the commonly used parameters: total sway length (SL), sway radius (SR), envelope sway area (EA), and the probability density analysis based parameters: projection area (PA), skewness (SK) and kurtosis (KT), and their statistical correlations were analyzed. The differences of both conventional parameters and probability density parameters under the conditions of eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) were compared. Results The PA from probability density analysis is strongly correlated with SL and SR. Both the traditional parameters and probability density parameters in the EC state are significantly different from those in the EO state. The obtained various statokinesigrams were calculated and categorized into typical sway types through probability density function for clinical evaluation of the balance ability of stroke patients. Conclusions The probability density analysis of COP data can be used to characterize the posturography for evaluation of the balance ability of stroke patients.

The reflexive responses to resist external forces and maintain posture result from the coordination between the vestibular system, muscle, tendon, and joint proprioceptors, and vision. Aging deteriorates these crucial functions, increasing the risk of falls. This study aimed to verify whether a training program with water bags, an Instability Neuromuscular training (INT) using the inertial load of water, could positively impact balance ability and dynamic stability. This study was conducted with twenty-two healthy older women aged ≥ 65 (mean age: 74.82 ± 7.00 years, height: 154.20 ± 5.49 cm, weight: 55.84 ± 7.46 kg, BMI: 23.55 ± 3.58 kg/m2). The participants were randomly allocated into two groups: a group that used water bags and a control group performing bodyweight exercises. The intervention training lasted 12 weeks, with 2 sessions per week totaling 24 sessions, each lasting 60 min. The pre- and post-tests were compared using t-tests to examine within- and-between-group differences. The effect size was examined based on the interaction between group and time using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The Modified Timed Up and Go manual (TUG manual), Sharpened Romberg Test (SRT), and Y-balance test (YBT) were conducted to assess dynamic stability, including gait function, static stability, and reactive ability. In comparison between groups, the waterbag training group showed a decrease in task completion time associated with an increase in walking speed in the TUG manual test (p < 0.05), and an increase in static stability and reaction time in the Sharpened Romberg test with eyes closed (p < 0.05), and an increase in single-leg stance ability in both legs in the Y-balance test (p < 0.05). All statistical confidence interval levels were set 95%. INT using the inertial load of water enhanced the somatosensory system and gait related to dynamic stability in older women. Therefore, the clinical application of this training program is expected to reduce the risk of falls in healthy older women, improving dynamic stability related to gait.

Background: A sedentary lifestyle with little movement has affected modern youth, and regular exercise has real benefits for people; such studies are mostly for older adults, and more evidence is needed for adolescents. Objective: To compare differences in balance, body composition, and bone mineral density among female college students before and after an exercise intervention to provide precise evidence that exercise promotes college student health. Methods: A whole group of female students in a university was sampled and included in the statistical analysis 50 people, divided into two cohorts, 21 people in the test group and 29 people in the control group; the test group had 4 comprehensive sports activities per week and the control group had 1 comprehensive sports activities per week, and the differences in each index of balance ability, body composition and bone density before and after the intervention were compared after 3 months. Results: After exercise intervention, when maintaining balance, the area of the center of gravity movement trajectory increased by 32.36% in the test group compared with the pre-intervention period and increased by 42.80% compared with the control group, and the differences were all statistically significant (p < 0.01); body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), visceral fat area (VFA), skeletal muscle content, and Inbody score increased over time more reasonable, and the difference in the effect of time factor (effect) was statistically significant (p < 0.01); bone mineral density (BMD) and BMD Z value increased with time, and the difference in the effect of time factor was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Female college students’ body balance ability improved substantially after exercise intervention; at the university level, female college students had a more rational body composition and continued natural increase in BMD, which were not related to exercise intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Kinesio taping has been widely used in the treatment of chronic ankle instability; however, its therapeutic efficacy is still controversial. Through systematic review and Meta-analysis, this paper aims to evaluate the effect of kinesio taping on chronic ankle instability and provide evidence-based medicine evidence for the application of Kinesio taping in the treatment of chronic ankle instability. METHODS: Nine Chinese and English databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP Database, and WanFang Database were searched for randomized controlled or crossover trials on the effect of kinesio taping in patients with chronic ankle instability. The outcome indicators included five continuous variables: Star Excursion Balance Testscore, eversion peak torque of the ankle, ankle range of motion absolute error, ankle dorsiflexion angle, and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. The Cochrane manual was used to evaluate the quality of the finally included articles. According to the inclusion criteria of Meta-analysis, each outcome indicator may be carried out by Meta-analysis or descriptive analysis. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: The overall quality of the included literature was high. Ten randomized controlled or crossover trials involving 381 patients were finally included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that kinesio taping could significantly improve the score of star excursion balance test (standardized mean difference=0.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.47, P=0.03), but could not significantly improve eversion peak torque of the ankle (standardized mean difference=0.29, 95% confidence interval: -0.07 to 0.65, P=0.12), when compared with the control group. Descriptive analysis results indicated that kinesio taping might reduce ankle range of motion absolute error in patients with chronic ankle instability, but could not significantly improve ankle dorsiflexion angle and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool score. CONCLUSION: Current evidence has indicated that kinesio taping may be beneficial to the dynamic balance ability of patients with chronic ankle instability; however, it has no clear effects on the improvement of ankle muscle strength, proprioception, range of motion, and function scale score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. After a total hip arthroplasty (THA), standing and walking balance are greatly affected in the early stages of recovery, so it is important to increase the weight-bearing amount (WBA) on the operated side. Sometimes, traditional treatments may not be enough to improve WBA and weight-bearing ratio (WBR) on the operated side in a satisfactory way. To solve this problem, we came up with a new weight-shifting-based robot control system called LOCOBOT. This system can control a spherical robot on a floor by changing the center of pressure (COP) on a force-sensing board in rehabilitation after THA. The goal of this study was to find out how rehabilitation with the LOCOBOT affects the WBR and balance in a static standing position in patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis (OA) who had a primary uncemented THA. Methods. This randomized controlled trial included 20 patients diagnosed with Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade 3 or 4 hip OA on the operative side and K-L grade 0 normal hip on the nonoperative side. We used the minimization method for allocation and randomly assigned patients to either the LOCOBOT group or the control group. As a result, 10 patient seach were randomly assigned to the LOCOBOT and control groups. Both groups received 40 min of rehabilitation treatment. Out of the 40 min, the LOCOBOT group underwent treatment for 10 min with LOCOBOT. The control group performed COP-controlled exercises on a flat floor instead of using LOCOBOT for 10 of the 40 min. All theoutcome measures were performed pre-THA and 11.9 ± 1.6 days after THA (12 days after THA). The primary outcome measure included WBR in the static standing position. Results. After12 days of THA, the LOCOBOT group exhibited significantly higher mean WBR and WBA (operated side) values than the control group. Furthermore, the LOCOBOT group exhibited significantly lower mean WBA (non-operated side) and outer diameter area (ODA) values than the control group. From pre-THA to 12 days after THA, the LOCOBOT group exhibited a significant improvement in mean WBR and WBA (operated side). Moreover, the mean WBA (non-operated side) and ODA significantly decreased. From pre-THA to 12 days after THA, the control group showed a significant increase in total trajectory length and ODA. Conclusions. The most important finding of this study was that patients were able to perform the LOCOBOT exercise as early as the second day after THA, and that WBR and ODA significantly improved by the 12th day after THA. This result demonstrated that the LOCOBOT effectively improves WBR in a short period of time after THA and is a valuable system for enhancing balance ability. This expedites the acquisition of independence in activities of daily living after THA and may contribute to optimizing the effectiveness of medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effects of Bobath therapy combined with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function, neurological function and balance ability in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods: The study subjects were 148 stroke patients with hemiplegia who were admitted to our hospital from May 2020 to May 2022. According to the method of random number table, they were divided into control group (Bobath therapy, 74 cases) and study group (low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with Bobath therapy, 74 cases). The balance ability [Berg Balance Scale (BBS)],neurological function [National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)], daily living self-care ability [modified Barthel Index (MBI)],motor function [Fugl-Meyer upper limb motor function assessment scale (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer lower limb motor function assessment scale (FMA-LE)], coagulation function [prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), D-Dimer (D-D), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)] changes were observed in the two groups. Results: 20d after treatment, NIHSS score decreased and MBI score increased in both groups, and the degree of change in the study group was greater than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The scores of FMA-UE and FMA-LE in the two groups at 20 d after treatment increased, and the study group was higher than the control group (P＜0.05). The BBS score of the two groups at 20 d after treatment increased, and the study group was higher than the control group (P＜0.05). FIB, APTT,D-D and PT of the two groups at 20 d after treatment decreased, and the study group was lower than the control group (P＜0.05)Conclusion: Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with Bobath therapy for stroke patients with hemiplegia can improve their coagulation function, recover their neurological function, and then improve their balance and motor function, and improve their daily living ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The probability density analysis was applied to automatically characterize the center of pressure (COP) data for evaluation of the stroke patients' balance ability. Methods: The real-time COP coordinates of 38 stroke patients with eyes open and closed during quiet standing were obtained, respectively, from a precision force platform. The COP data were analyzed and characterized by the commonly used parameters: total sway length (SL), sway radius (SR), envelope sway area (EA), and the probability density analysis based parameters: projection area (PA), skewness (SK) and kurtosis (KT), and their statistical correlations were analyzed. The differences of both conventional parameters and probability density parameters under the conditions of eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) were compared. Results: The PA from probability density analysis is strongly correlated with SL and SR. Both the traditional parameters and probability density parameters in the EC state are significantly different from those in the EO state. The obtained various statokinesigrams were calculated and categorized into typical sway types through probability density function for clinical evaluation of the balance ability of stroke patients. Conclusions: The probability density analysis of COP data can be used to characterize the posturography for evaluation of the balance ability of stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with intellectual disabilities often face challenges in balance ability and lower limb muscle strength, which negatively impact their daily lives and motor function. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of children with intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week aquatic exercise and floor curling intervention on the balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of children with intellectual disabilities. Forty-two participants were randomly assigned to the aquatic exercise group, floor curling group, and control group. The aquatic exercise and floor curling groups received a 12-week intervention, while the control group engaged in supervised free activities. The participants’ balance ability and lower limb muscle strength were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale and a muscle strength testing device before and after the intervention. The results showed significant improvements in balance ability and lower limb muscle strength for both the aquatic exercise group and the floor curling group after the intervention. The aquatic exercise group demonstrated an average improvement of 10.84% in balance ability and an overall average improvement of 16.28% in lower limb muscle strength. The floor curling group showed an average improvement of 9.04% in balance ability and an overall average improvement of 15.67% in lower limb muscle strength. These improvement results were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from medium to large effect sizes (d = 0.5~0.8). The findings of this study validate the positive effects of aquatic exercise and floor curling on the balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of children with intellectual disabilities. These interventions can be considered effective approaches for functional rehabilitation in children with intellectual disabilities.

Aim: To quantify the association between subjective cognitive complaints and balance impairment in relation to the occurrence of disability. Methods: In total, 6885 adults aged ≥45 who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were followed for 7 years. Subjective cognitive complaints were evaluated by self‐reported memory problems. Balance impairment was tested by side‐by‐side stand, semi‐tandem stand and full tandem stand. Disability was measured by activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to test the joint effect between baseline subjective cognitive complaints and balance impairment on disability. The multiplicative interaction was examined. Results: A joint effect of experiencing both subjective cognitive complaints and balance impairment was identified, showing a 1.63‐fold higher risk of ADL and IADL disability than those experienced by neither of the two (odds ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.36–1.95). There was evidence of multiplicative interaction (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Among middle‐aged and older people, the coexistence of subjective cognitive complaints and balance impairment may lead to a higher disability risk, which is much higher than the simple sum of the two individual effects. Future interventions are required to target these symptoms simultaneously to reduce the risks of disability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 1025–1031. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale has been widely used as patient-reported outcome measures for community stroke rehabilitation and its short version is beginning to be used. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the short version of the ABC scale-Japanese (Short ABC-J). Eighty-four participants with chronic stroke (mean age was 66.4 ± 9.7 years, mean time post stroke was 4.7 ± 3.5 years) including 66 test-retest samples were analyzed. The Short ABC-J was assessed with the ABC-J, the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG-T). The internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha 0.90), reproducibility was excellent [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) 0.92], and levels of absolute reliability were acceptable (standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change 8.32 and 23.07, respectively). Concurrent, convergent, and discriminative validity were supported for the FES-I, ABC-J, BBS, and TUG-T (all |rho| > 0.60, p <.001), and identifying balance and mobility (the area under the curve estimates ≥ 0.80) and discriminative power of the Short ABC-J were better than those of the FES-I and equal to or better than those of ABC-J. The Short ABC-J has good psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable measure of balance self-efficacy in Japanese community-dwelling people with chronic stroke. Further replication studies as well as other psychometric studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore the relationship between balance ability and all-cause death in middle-aged and elderly people and to provide a basis for formulating a balanced training plan for middle-aged and older people in China.MethodsBased on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) carried out in the years 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018, 18,888 participants aged 45 years and above were included. Cox proportional hazard models were designed to evaluate the effect of balance ability on death events.ResultsThe present study found that there was an association between balance ability and death among middle-aged and older people. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that the risk of death decreased by 10% (HR = 0.90,95% CI: 0.85–0.95) for every second increase in balance ability. With balance ability 0.05).ConclusionThe risk of all-cause death in middle-aged and older people increased with the decrease in balance ability and showed no statistical significance between chronic disease, overweight, and obesity, as corroborated by the present study.

BackgroundAdvances in studies using body indicators to predict death risk. Estimating the balance ability of death risk in middle-aged and older Chinese adults with overweight and obesity is still challenging.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the data from the China Health and Retirement Study from January 2011 to December 2018. A total of 8,632 participants were randomly divided into 7:3 a training group and a verification group, respectively. Univariable Cox analysis was used to prescreen 17 potential predictors for incorporation in the subsequent multivariable Cox analysis. Nine variables were included in the nomogram finally and validated with concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and internal validation population.Results287 participants were death in the training group. One hundred and thirteen participants were death in the verification group. A total of nine indicators were included in the modeling group, including gender, age, marriage, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, ADL, IADL, and balance ability to establish a prediction model. The nomogram predicted death with a validated concordance index of (C-index = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.74–0.80). The inclusion of balance ability variables in the nomogram maintained predictive accuracy (C-index = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.73–0.82). The calibration curve graph and Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P > 0.05 for both the modeling group and the verification group) showed the model has a good model consistency.ConclusionIn the present study, we provide a basis for developing a prediction model for middle-aged and older people with overweight and obesity. In most cases, balance ability is more reversible than other predictors.

BACKGROUND: High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation has great potential in promoting the improvement of cognition and motor behavior, which can improve the body’s static balance ability. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on the body’s dynamic balance. METHODS: A total of 36 healthy students from Shenyang Sport University were recruited as test subjects, including 24 males and 12 females. They were divided into three groups by a random number table method, followed by anodic high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation with different current intensities of 0 (sham stimulation), 1, and 2 mA for 20 minutes. The dynamic balance ability was tested before stimulation and immediately and 30 minutes after stimulation. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shenyang Sport University (approval No. [2020]12). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The subject’s bipedal dynamic stability index and right-foot dynamic stability index were significantly reduced immediately and 30 minutes after 1 mA stimulation (P < 0.05). The offset distance was significantly shortened at 30 minutes after 1 mA stimulation (P < 0.05). The subject’s bipedal dynamic stability index and right-foot dynamic stability index were significantly reduced 30 minutes after 2 mA stimulation (P < 0.05). The offset distance was significantly shortened immediately and 30 minutes after 2 mA stimulation (P < 0.05). Anodic high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation with different current intensities showed no different effects in improving the dynamic balance of the human body (P > 0.05). To conclude, high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation can temporarily improve the dynamic balance ability. It cannot only increase the dynamic stability when standing on single and both feet, but also promote gait stability during active exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate falls and the fear of falling (FOF) in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and to determine the relationships between the FOF and physical performance, balance, and ambulation. Methods Thirty-eight ambulatory children with DMD were included in the study. The functional level, falling history, FOF, physical performance, balance, and ambulation were assessed by using Brooke Lower Extremity Functional Classification, History of Falls Questionnaire, Pediatric Fear of Falling Questionnaire (Ped-FOF), timed performance tests, Timed "Up and Go" (TUG) test, and North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA), respectively. Results Of the 38 children (mean age: 9.00 ± 2.03 years) 97.4% had a history of serious fall last year and 62.2% were injured due to this fall. The Ped-FOF score was 13.79 ± 7.20. Weak to moderate relations were determined between Ped-FOF and functional level (r = 0.33), frequency of falls (r = 0.41), duration of climbing 4-steps (r = 0.38), TUG (r = 0.36), and NSAA (r = –0.32) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Ambulatory children with better performance scores had lower levels of FOF despite their history of serious falls and injuries. FOF tends to increase as the symptoms of the disease progresses. Investigating the history of falls and FOF from the earliest period will guide to take precautions and make necessary interventions on time in treatment programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effect of flywheel resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength and balance ability in the elderly. Methods: Relevant randomized controlled trials from the establishment of the database to November 2021 in Web of Science, Pubmed, Cochrane library, Sport- Discus, Scopus. CNKI and Wanfang database were searched. After screening literature, extracting data and e-valuating the bias risk included in the study, Meta-analysis was performed using "Review Manager 5.3" software. Results: Meta-analysis showed that after flywheel resistance training, skeletal muscle hypertrophy in the elderly was improved (SMD=0.43,95%CI [0.13,0.73], P=0.006). and reached a small effect size. Muscle strength was significantly improved. with their isokinetic muscle strength (SMD=0.66,95%CI [0.18,1.14], p=0.007) reaching a moderate effect size, and maximal voluntary contraction (MVE)[SMD-0.71,95%CI[0.09,1.32], p=0.02] reaching a moderate effect size. There was significant improvement in balance ability, with 30s sit to stand (SMD=0.69, 95%CI[0.35, 1.04], p<0.000 1) reaching a moderate effect size. Timed up and go also significantly improved (SMD=-0.92, 95%>CI[-1.35, -0.49], p<0.000 1), reaching a large effect size. Conclusion: Flywheel resistance training ran significantly improve skeletal muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength and balance ability in the elderly. The influence factors of flywheel resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength and balance ability of the elderly, such as optimal inertia load, exercise form, load and intervention cycle, still need to he further explored. It is recommended to conduct multi-center, large-sample and long- term randomized controlled trials in future research, so as to provide a more reliable evidence-based basis for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo improve the quality of life of older adult in their later years, by increasing the physical activity participation of older adult, the occurrence of falls accident scores in older adult can be prevented. This paper comprehensively summarizes the origin, development, participation forms, and fitness effects of the Otago exercise program (OEP).MethodsUsing PubMed, web of science, CNKI, dimensional spectrum, and other databases, search for research papers from 2005 to April 2021 by using keywords such as Otago project exercise; aged, Fall; Cognitive function, Balance ability, Lower limb strength, Fall efficiency, and so on. PEDro Scale was used to check the quality of the literatures.ResultsA total of 34 papers were included after searching for kinds of literature related to the subject of this paper and after careful review by researchers.ConclusionsOtago exercise programme is beneficial to improve the cognitive function of older adult, enhance their lower limb muscle strength and dynamic and static balance ability, and then improve the gait stability and posture control ability of older adult, which has significant positive benefits for the prevention of falls in older adult. OEP is helpful to improve the falling efficiency of older adult, help older adult overcome the fear of falling, and form a positive emotion of “exercise improves exercise,” to reduce the harm caused by sedentary behavior and the incidence of depression and improve their subjective wellbeing. Although OEP has significant positive effects on improving the health and physical fitness of older adult, preventing falls, and restoring clinical function, the corresponding neural mechanism for preventing falls is not very clear. At the same time, how OEP can be combined with emerging technologies to maximize its benefits needs to be further discussed in the future.

Background: A force plate is used to determine the ability to balance ability. However, only some medical centers or laboratories are equipped with force plates because they are costly so a low-cost force plate is required for home care or health care institutes. Few studies compare the reliability of postural sway measurements in terms of age. This study proposes a low-cost force plate to select reliable parameters to evaluate postural sway. Objectives: To determine the intra-rater reliability of a novel force plate and the effect of age difference on the intra-rater test-retest reliability for the center of pressure (COP). Methods: Forty participants were enrolled for this study: 20 youths and 20 older adults. Participants stood on a custom-made and low-cost force plate with eyes opened and eyes closed to measure COP-related parameters. The within-day test-retest reliability was measured at two sessions on the same day and the between-days reliability was measured on two different days. The COP-related parameters include the average velocity of COP, the average velocity in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions, the mean distance of COP and the mean distance in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions. An intra-class correlation coefficient test with one-way random model was performed to determine the reliability of different variables within-days and between-days. The results were presented in single measurement of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurements, and the minimal detectable changes of each COP-related parameters. Results: The novel low-cost force plate demonstrates excellent reliability in terms of the COP velocity related parameters for within- and between-day measurements. The ICC of COP distance related parameters were good to excellent reliability for between-day measurements (range: 0.43–0.84). Older adults demonstrated excellent reliability in terms of the mean distance for antero-posterior and the results were better than those for younger participants for the eyes-opened and eyes-closed conditions. The reliability in terms of the mean distance for medio-lateral was poor to good for older adults (range: 0.38–0.55), and excellent for younger participants. Conclusion: The novel and low-cost force plate reliably measured balance and age affects the reliability of different COP variables, so the results of this study were pertinent to the selection of COP measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to compare the muscle strength, balance ability, thickness, and stiffness of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle in the elderly, with (fallers) and without (non-fallers) fall experience, and confirmed the correlation between the variables mentioned above and muscle stiffness in the faller. We selected 122 elderly participants, comprising 40 fallers and 82 non-fallers, and measured the muscle strength of the tibialis anterior (TA) and the gastrocnemius (GA). Balance ability was measured by the functional reach test (FRT), timed up and go test (TUG), short physical performance battery (SPPB), and gait speed (GS). We used shear wave elastography (SWE) to determine the thickness of the TA and the medial (GAmed) and lateral head (GAlat) of the gastrocnemius and the stiffness during relaxation and contraction. Balance ability, except muscle strength, was significantly lower in fallers compared with non-fallers. The GAmed and GAlat thickness were significantly lower in fallers than that in non-fallers. In fallers, the thickness, rest, and contractive stiffness of GAmed were correlated with the FRT, GS, SPPB. Low rest and GAmed contractive stiffness were related to lower balance ability in fallers. The muscle stiffness measurement using SWE was a novel method to assess potential fall risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of visual feedback training on knee function and balance ability in postoperative patients with knee fracture. Methods: A clinical randomized controlled trial with 104 participants, randomly assigned (1:1) to a visual feedback training group or a control group. Eligible participants were evaluated using Lysholm scores, the Tinetti scale, and the evaluation module of TecnoBody® to demonstrate dynamic balance function in a standing position before treatment and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Results: Both visual feedback training and control groups improved significantly in the Lysholm and Tinetti scores after 8 weeks. Compared with the control group, the TecnoBody® tests included centre of pressure path length, and the area over centre of pressure movement, both of which significantly improved in the visual feedback training group at 8 weeks after treatment. There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of their Lysholm scores and Tinetti gait before the intervention and 4 weeks after treatment. Conclusion: Applying visual feedback training in conjunction with traditional rehabilitation strategies may improve knee function and motor control in postoperative patients with knee fracture. Although visual feedback training does not have a short-term effect on knee function and gait, this method could be a useful addition for rehabilitation of knee fracture patients. LAY ABSTRACT This study used the TecnoBody® (PK-254P, Bergamo, Italy) to evaluate balance in the standing position of all participants. This equipment provides data on the centre of pressure path length and the area over which the centre of pressure moves. The Lysholm score was used to assess knee function, and the Tinetti scale to assess motor control. Applying visual feedback training in conjunction with traditional rehabilitation strategies could decrease postural sway and increase motor control in postoperative patients with knee fracture, as well as subsequently improve knee function and balance ability. There were no adverse effects due to the combined rehabilitation programme.

Background: A force plate is used to determine the ability to balance ability. However, only some medical centers or laboratories are equipped with force plates because they are costly so a low-cost force plate is required for home care or health care institutes. Few studies compare the reliability of postural sway measurements in terms of age. This study proposes a low-cost force plate to select reliable parameters to evaluate postural sway.Objectives: To determine the intra-rater reliability of a novel force plate and the effect of age difference on the intra-rater test-retest reliability for the center of pressure (COP).Methods: Forty participants were enrolled for this study: 20 youths and 20 older adults. Participants stood on a custom-made and low-cost force plate with eyes opened and eyes closed to measure COP-related parameters. The within-day test-retest reliability was measured at two sessions on the same day and the between-days reliability was measured on two different days. The COP-related parameters include the average velocity of COP, the average velocity in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions, the mean distance of COP and the mean distance in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions. An intra-class correlation coefficient test with one-way random model was performed to determine the reliability of different variables within-days and between-days. The results were presented in single measurement of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurements, and the minimal detectable changes of each COP-related parameters.Results: The novel low-cost force plate demonstrates excellent reliability in terms of the COP velocity related parameters for within- and between-day measurements. The ICC of COP distance related parameters were good to excellent reliability for between-day measurements (range: 0.43–0.84). Older adults demonstrated excellent reliability in terms of the mean distance for antero-posterior and the results were better than those for younger participants for the eyes-opened and eyes-closed conditions. The reliability in terms of the mean distance for medio-lateral was poor to good for older adults (range: 0.38–0.55), and excellent for younger participants.Conclusion: The novel and low-cost force plate reliably measured balance and age affects the reliability of different COP variables, so the results of this study were pertinent to the selection of COP measures.

Background: Patients with shoulder pain may have proprioceptive and balance deficits. However, studies on balance in patients with shoulder pain are scarce. Objective: This study aims to investigate if patients with chronic shoulder pain demonstrate deficits in standing and walking balance and to study the relationship between outcome measures of balance and age and body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted at Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between March and November 2018. The study recruited patients (n = 15) with chronic shoulder pain (>4 months) and healthy controls (n = 15) matched for age, gender and BMI. Standing balance was tested using a Challenge Disc test, the Romberg test and timed unipedal stance test (UPST). Walking balance was assessed using the timed up and go (TUG) test, stance phase duration and center of pressure (COP) deviation. Independent t-tests were used to investigate the differences between the two groups in demographic data and all the outcome measurements. Pearson correlation coefficients were used for correlation analysis. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in any outcome of the standing balance (P ≥ 0.095) or walking balance (P ≥ 0.160). However, medium effect sizes were found for the UPST (η2: ≥0.06), Challenge Disc (η2: 0.06), TUG (Cohen's d: 0.54) and COP deviation (Cohen's d: 0.53). There was a moderate correlation between BMI and Challenge Disc (P = 0.025) and between age and Challenge Disc (P = 0.012) in both the groups. Conclusion: Patients with chronic shoulder pain had lower balance measurements compared with healthy people, although this difference was not statistically significant.

Although the apoptosis of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra striatum is the main cause of motor symptoms of PD, the balance disorder cannot be explained by lack of dopamine alone. Keywords: Parkinson's disease; fall; tai chi; balance ability; limitations EN Parkinson's disease fall tai chi balance ability limitations 1 5 5 12/30/21 20211224 NES 211224 Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The selection and modification of Tai Chi actions for PD needs to focus on the severity of the disease of people with PD to enhance the reproducibility and generalization of the research results. However, the results of this study cannot determine whether Tai Chi is suitable for elderly PD patients since the participants were not PD patients though over 65 years old. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cryotherapy on the balance ability after lower extremity muscle fatigue. Twelve table tennis players were selected in this research. The static and dynamic balance abilities of the participants at six different moments were collected by a 1000 HZ Kistler force platform and Y balance test system. SPSS19.0 software was used to analyze the results of experimental indicators by selecting two-factor repeated measurement ANOVA. 1) From the moment of 24 h post intervention, the effect of cryotherapy on dynamic balance recovery was significantly better than no cryotherapy. 2) Except for the COP (Center of Pressure) maximum displacement on ML (Medium-Lateral axis) at the moment of 72 h post intervention, the cryotherapy had no positive effect on the recovery of static balance ability. 3) Cryotherapy has a significant negative impact on the COP maximum displacement in ML and AP (Antero-Posterior axis) at the moment of post cryotherapy, which may lead to the decline of static balance ability. It was not recommended to use cryotherapy for balance recovery if the competition was on the same day or within 24 h. However, the cryotherapy was recommended to use if the competition was in the next day or after the next day.

OBJECTIVE: A large number of studies have confirmed that lower limb resistance training has a significant effect on increasing skeletal muscle content and reducing the incidence of myopenia in the elderly. At present, there is a great controversy about whether lower limb resistance training can have a positive impact on the walking ability and balance ability of the elderly. Therefore, this Meta-analysis focuses on the intervention effect of lower limb resistance training on walking ability and balance ability of the elderly, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of standardized exercise prescription for the elderly. METHODS: A computer-based search was conducted in the English databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO Host, and the Chinese databases of WanFang and CNKI. Randomized controlled trials addressing the effect of lower limb resistance training on walking ability and balance ability in the elderly were collected. Two researchers independently evaluated the methodological quality of the included articles according to the Cochrane system evaluation manual, and extracted the main outcome indicators, including time up-and-go (TUG) test, routine walking speed, functional extension test (FET), one-leg stand with eyes open (OLSO) test, and secondary outcome index, maximum walking speed. The included articles were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software for a Meta-analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen randomized controlled trials were finally included. After the quality evaluation, except for selective reports and other bias risks that were unclear, the overall quality of the articles included was good. A total of 551 subjects were included in these 14 trials, including 285 in experimental group and 266 in the control group. Compared with the control group, lower limb resistance training could significantly improve the TUG time of the elderly under 80 years old [for 60-69 years old, mean difference (MD)=-0.99, 95% confidence interval: -1.90 to -0.08, P < 0.05; for 70-79 years old, MD=-1.17, 95%CI: -2.50 to -0.08, P < 0.01], OLSO time (MD=3.92, 95%CI: 2.46 to 5.38, P < 0.01], FET distance (MD=4.85, 95%CI: 1.93 to 6.63, P < 0.01], and the heterogeneity of TUG time was smaller after more than 12 weeks of training (I2=0). However, the lower limb resistance training had no significant effect on normal walking speed (MD=0.03, 95%CI: -0.05 to 0.10, P=0.46] and maximum walking speed (MD=0.08, 95%CI: -0.02 to 0.17, P=0.11] in all the subjects as well as on TUG time (MD=-4.92, 95%CI: -15.65 to 5.81, P=0.37] in people over 80 years old. CONCLUSION: Lower limb resistance training can effectively improve the balance ability of the elderly and the TUG level of the elderly under 80 years old, but there is no significant change in normal walking speed and maximum walking speed. In the future, the formulation of exercise prescription for the elderly should be more standardized and improved and verified. Importantly, the physical characteristics of the elderly at different ages should be distinguished in the formulation of exercise prescriptions, so as to ensure the scientificity and effectiveness of exercise prescriptions in the implementation of different age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the differences of gait features, balance ability, and reaction time (RT) between sedentary controls and netball players. Methods: A total of 20 healthy young females aged 15 to 17 years old were recruited and were grouped into sedentary control (n=10) and netball player (n=10) groups. The participants were required to walk 6 m down a walkway at a normal gait speed. Spatiotemporal and kinematics data were evaluated using a 3D motion analysis system. A Unipedal Stance Test (UPST) was conducted with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) for both dominant and non-dominant legs. The average time of the UPST was documented for all of the conditions. Three reaction time tests, including the Human Benchmark Test (HBT), Red-light Green-Light Test (RT), and Ruler Drop Test (RDT), were conducted. Results: The netball group showed larger values for body weight, body mass index (BMI), pelvic width, and ankle diameter than the sedentary group. Netball players exhibited a wider stride width compared to the sedentary controls in the spatiotemporal aspect of gait features. The sedentary group showed greater hip internal rotation motion than the netball group. The UPST results showed that sedentary and netball groups showed better standing balance ability for EO compared to EC. For the reaction time test, the netball group had a statistically better reaction time than the sedentary group. Conclusions: Findings of this present study indicate that netball players who are physically active exhibited better gait features, balance ability, and faster reaction time compared to sedentary individuals. These findings also imply that netball training can offer beneficial advantages for the young generation to have a better quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article develops a set of strategic potential indicators that allow a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the strategic management system. It is substantiated and a model form is proposed to create a strategic forecast balance sheet that assesses the potential of enterprises to achieve their strategic goals. The methods for doing appropriate analytical calculations using the strategic forecast balanced, objective evaluation of the findings, and determining the causes of deviations are demonstrated. The article proposes to consider the identification of effective ways to achieve the strategic goal through the assessment and analysis of strategic potential. For strategic purposes, it is recommended to establish a strategic development and reproduction link for the effective use of strategic potential. It is recommended to use the methodology of fuzzy set theory for the integrated assessment of strategic competence, based on the views of economists and study of the practices, as well the characteristics of the industry. In order to establish a logical relationship, the values of the strategic potential of the state enterprise "Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine" for 2020-2024 were calculated by applying the process of defazation in the change of numerical and non-financial data in different directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the limited evidence available about balance performance among young badminton players, this study was aimed to establish the presence or absence of lower-limb balance asymmetry among 13-15 years old players. The research was done among 40 young players (22 girls, 18 boys) from 3 Bulgarian clubs. Uni-pedal stance test and Y balance test were used to determine balance abilities. Paired sample T test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to evaluate the data from the dominant and non-dominant leg. The results from the two tests show that there is no statistically significant difference between the legs. These results support the usefulness of performing bilateral balance exercises, so that the asymmetry that players are predisposed to develop could be reduced and the risk of lower extremity injuries would be decreased.

Background: Ankle instability may lead to a loss of stability during the static state as well as during movement. Elastic tape may increase balance ability in participants displaying ankle instability. Objective: To study the effect of elastic tape application on the static state and dynamic balance in athletes with ankle instability. Method: Ten participants exhibiting ankle instability were included in the study. They received elastic taping at the ankle joint (affected side). The researcher assessed static balance and dynamic balance (the star excursion balance test) before and immediately after the test. Results: There were no significant differences within the group in terms of static and dynamic balance - except for dynamic balance at the postereolateral direction. However, balance ability showed an increase after taping. These results demonstrate that elastic taping could improve dynamic balance in the posterolateral direction. Moreover, the elastic taping tended to increase balance ability. Conclusion: Elastic tape may be employed as an alternative treatment in order to increase balance ability in the posterolateral direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the correlation between serum asprosin levels and bone mineral density (BMD), balance ability and fracture incidence in postmenopausal women. Methods The clinical data of 164 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP) admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patient's general clinical data as well as fracture incidence, hip bone density, balance index score (BIS), front-to-front ratio (FBR), and left-right ratio (RLR) were recorded. The correlation between asprosin and BMD, BIS, FBR, RLR and fracture incidence were analyzed. Results The serum asprosin level in the non- fracture group was (3.56±0.54) pg/mL, and the serum asprosin level in the fracture group was (6.56±1.01) pg/mL. There was a statistically significant difference in serum asprosin levels between the two groups (P<0.05); Spearman test results showed that asprosin was negatively correlated with BIS, FBR, RLR and BMD (P<0.05); asprosin and age (r=0.384), height (r=0.343), BMI (r=0.181) was significantly associated with hip BMD (r=0.387), but it had no significant association with body weight (r=0.022, P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis linear regression analysis showed that hip BMD, height, age and BMI were the independent factors affecting asprosin. Conclusions Asprosin may be a risk factor for postmenopausal women with reduced bone density, decreased balance, and fractures. It is closely related to hip BMD, height, age and BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With an increasing number of China's aging population, Parkinson's disease (PD) increases year by year. Persons with PD exhibit abnormal balance functions, leading to motor skills difficulties, such as unstable walking or even falling. Therefore, activities of daily living and quality of life are affected. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Tai Chi training based on the mobile phone app in improving the balance ability of persons with PD.Methods and Analysis: A randomized, single-blind, parallel controlled trial will be conducted in this study. One hundred forty-four persons with PD who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into a 1:1:1 ratio: (1) control group, (2) basic experimental group (basic app with no Tai Chi training features), and (3) balanced-enhanced experimental group (basic app with Tai Chi training features). Individuals with PD will be evaluated on balance and motor function outcomes. The primary outcome measure is the limits of stability (including the maximum excursion and direction control); the secondary outcome measures include the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS-III), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up & Go (TUG), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Each group of patients will go through an assessment at baseline, 17 and 33 weeks.Discussion: This study will evaluate the effectiveness of the mobile phone app Tai Chi training on the balance function of persons with PD. We assume that a challenging Tai Chi project based on a mobile phone app will improve balance in the short and long term. As walking stability progresses, it is expected that daily activities and quality of life improve. These findings will be used to improve the effectiveness of future home management measures for persons with PD.Ethics and Dissemination: This study has been approved by the ethical review committee of the Shanghai University of Sport (approval number: 102772019RT056). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants or their guardians. The authors intend to submit the study findings to peer-reviewed journals or academic conferences to be published.Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000029135).

The aim of this study is to compare the muscle strength, balance ability, thickness, and stiffness of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle in the elderly, with (fallers) and without (non-fallers) fall experience, and confirmed the correlation between the variables mentioned above and muscle stiffness in the faller. We selected 122 elderly participants, comprising 40 fallers and 82 non-fallers, and measured the muscle strength of the tibialis anterior (TA) and the gastrocnemius (GA). Balance ability was measured by the functional reach test (FRT), timed up and go test (TUG), short physical performance battery (SPPB), and gait speed (GS). We used shear wave elastography (SWE) to determine the thickness of the TA and the medial (GAmed) and lateral head (GAlat) of the gastrocnemius and the stiffness during relaxation and contraction. Balance ability, except muscle strength, was significantly lower in fallers compared with non-fallers. The GAmed and GAlat thickness were significantly lower in fallers than that in non-fallers. In fallers, the thickness, rest, and contractive stiffness of GAmed were correlated with the FRT, GS, SPPB. Low rest and GAmed contractive stiffness were related to lower balance ability in fallers. The muscle stiffness measurement using SWE was a novel method to assess potential fall risk.