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En las cosmovisiones amazónicas, el equilibrio en las relaciones entre humanos y no humanos es central para el bienestar de las comunidades más-que-humanas, lo cual coincide con movimientos ambientalistas actuales. Lamentablemente, no hay suficientes estudios sobre las cosmovisiones amazónicas en medios urbanos como, por ejemplo, murales. En este artículo, analizo una selección de murales de artistas de orígenes diversos reunidos por la asociación Amazonarte Perú y ubicados en la ciudad amazónica de Pucallpa. Sostengo que, cuando los murales son entendidos desde las mismas cosmovisiones amazónicas y el perspectivismo amerindio que las sintetiza, revelan una original resiliencia socioecológica por los derechos culturales y territoriales de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos. Los murales no solo superan la dicotomía naturaleza/cultura y son el resultado de alianzas entre indígenas y no indígenas, sino que también trascienden el concepto de “representación” al mostrar y  materializar la subjetividad y la agencia de los no humanos a través del arte urbano.

Understanding forest water limitation during droughts within a warming climate is essential for accurate predictions of forest-climate interactions. In hyperdiverse ecosystems like the Amazon forest, the mechanisms shaping hysteresis patterns in transpiration relative to environmental factors are not well understood. From this perspective, we investigated these dynamics by conducting in situ leaf-level measurements throughout and after the 2015 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drought. Our findings indicate a substantial increase in the hysteresis area (Harea) among transpiration (E), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and stomatal conductance (gs) at canopy level during the ENSO peak, attributed to both temporal lag and differences in magnitude between gs and VPD peaks. Specifically, the canopy species Pouteria anomala exhibited an increased Harea, due to earlier maximum gs rates leading to a greater temporal lag with VPD compared to the post-drought period. Additionally, leaf water potential (ΨL) and canopy temperature (Tcanopy) showed larger Harea during the ENSO peak compared to post-drought conditions across all studied species, suggesting that stomatal closure, particularly during the afternoon, acts to minimize water loss and may explain the counterclockwise hysteresis observed between ΨL and Tcanopy. The pronounced Harea during the drought points to a potential imbalance between water supply and demand, underlining the role of stomatal behavior of isohydric species in response to drought.

Branchiura are a crustacean parasite widely known around the world as fish lice. In South America, they have been most studied in Brazil as with high levels of infestation, the parasites can be harmful to the health of fish and cause economic losses in fish farms. The objective of the present study is to provide, for the first time, significant information about the parasitic indices, infestation sites, and morphology of Dolops carvalhoi, and to report the appearance of a new host in the Amazon region of Peru. A total of 24 specimens of Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus, and Calophysus macropterus from fish farms were individually analyzed to identify the presence of the ectoparasites. The Branchiura collected from the body surfaces of the fish were separated according to sex, the parasitic indices were calculated, and the parasites were clarified in 90% lactic acid for taxonomic identification. They were also preserved in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, and dehydration and critical point procedures were applied by scanning electron microscopy to visualize the detailed structures. The taxa identified was D. carvalhoi, which had a prevalence of 64.7%, a mean intensity of 1.6, and a mean abundance of 1 parasite/fish in C. macropterus; a prevalence of 100%, a mean intensity, and mean abundance of 2.8 parasites/fish in P. brachypomus; and a prevalence of 100%, but a mean intensity and mean abundance of 15 parasites/fish in C. macropomum. The pectoral and dorsal fins and the urogenital opening had the highest occurrence of D. carvalhoi in the host. Dolops carvalhoi has sexual dimorphism, and we reported for the first time the infestation of this parasite in leather fish C. macropterus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indigenous stewardship is essential to the conservation of biocultural diversity, yet conventional conservation models often treat Indigenous territories (ITs) as homogeneous or isolated units. We propose that archipelagos of Indigenous territories (AITs), clusters of ITs that span geographies but are connected through shared cultural or political ties maintained by Indigenous nations, are crucial for understanding and enhancing conservation strategies that recognize the complexity of Indigenous stewardship. We classified 3572 ITs in the Amazon into 4 categories—single or multiple nations with either singular IT or AIT—to assess their spatial heterogeneity, governance, and conservation potential. We then assessed species richness, carbon stocks, and pressures across these different categories. To examine how AITs can enhance biocultural conservation efforts, we conducted a case study of the Cofán Nation in Ecuador. AITs covered 45% of the Amazonian land area and had higher species richness and carbon stocks than single IT configurations. However, AITs faced greater pressures from development and extractive activities. In the case study, the Cofán AIT was shaped by colonization and land titling challenges, but their community‐driven governance, cross‐territorial collaboration, and adaptive responses—such as comanagement agreements and resisting extractive activities—enhanced their ecological and cultural resilience amid growing development pressures. Our findings suggest that AITs facilitate the exchange of resources, knowledge, and cultural practices, which strengthens social connectivity, reinforces governance structures, and enables adaptive management across ITs, thereby enhancing biocultural resilience across discontinuous spaces. This work advocates for a paradigm shift in conservation planning and practice that recognizes the vital role of AITs in sustaining Amazonian ecosystems and Indigenous lifeways, particularly in the face of increasing pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New taxonomic and faunistic data on spiders of Ecuador are provided, based on a small set of previously unstudied specimens collected at Tiputini Biodiversity Station in Orellana. These specimens belong to five species in three families: Anapistula tiputiana sp. n. (♀; Symphytognathidae) and Pseudanapis yasunica sp. n. (♂; Anapidae) are described as new to science, and the hersiliids Neotama obatala Rheims & Brescovit, 2004, Ypypuera crucifera (Vellard, 1924) and Y. vittata (Simon, 1887) are newly recorded in Ecuador. Illustrations are provided for all treated species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical climatic and geological events are largely known to have impacted biome evolution across the Neotropics and their associated rich biodiversity. However, a clear understanding of dispersal and biome shifts between neotropical biomes over time is still lacking for many ecologically important plant clades. We investigated the timing and ancestral species movements within the early branching papilionoid legume Dipterygeae lineage of neotropical tree species, some of which are among the most ecologically dominant across Amazonian rainforests and Brazilian savannas, to understand how dispersal and evolutionary trajectories in biome predilection have led to their modern distribution. We also estimated the evolution of fruit types and discuss their potential roles in the colonization of non-Amazonian rainforest habitats. To address these questions, we used one nuclear (ITS/5.8S) and two plastid (matK and trnL intron) DNA regions of the Dipterygeae clade to estimate divergence times with a Bayesian relaxed-clock approach, ancestral area distribution, and evolutionary shifts in biome and morphological traits. All currently recognized species of this clade were sampled, covering its full geographical range. Dipterygeae originated in the Amazonia during the Middle Eocene, where it has undergone a long history of in situ diversification, particularly over the last 15 Myr. Dispersal events into the rainforests of the Brazilian Coastal Atlantic Forest and Chocó + Central America, the fire-prone savannas of the Cerrado, and the Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forest occurred independently. Most lineages ecologically associated with rainforests are dispersed by animals (zoochory), whereas shifts to open habitats generally coincide with wind dispersal (anemochory). Our study highlights the significance of geological events, climatic factors, and shifts in fruit type as crucial contributors to the diversification of Dipterygeae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New taxonomic and faunistic data on spiders of Ecuador are provided, based on a small set of previously unstudied specimens collected at Tiputini Biodiversity Station in Orellana. These specimens belong to five species in three families: Anapistula tiputiana sp. n. (♀; Symphytognathidae) and Pseudanapis yasunica sp. n. (♂; Anapidae) are described as new to science, and the hersiliids Neotama obatala Rheims & Brescovit, 2004, Ypypuera crucifera (Vellard, 1924) and Y. vittata (Simon, 1887) are newly recorded in Ecuador. Illustrations are provided for all treated species.

Thirty-six species and three genera of moths are recorded for the first time in Colombia, in the families Notodontidae (31 spp., 2 genera), Saturniidae (4 spp., 1 genus), and Sphingidae (1 sp.). All records are based on photographs of live individuals attracted to white and UV lights.

Understanding the effects of intensification of Amazon basin hydrological cycling-manifest as increasingly frequent floods and droughts-on water and energy cycles of tropical forests is essential to meeting the challenge of predicting ecosystem responses to climate change, including forest "tipping points". Here, we investigated the impacts of hydrological extremes on forest function using 12+ years of observations (between 2001-2020) of water and energy fluxes from eddy covariance, along with associated ecological dynamics from biometry, at the Tapajós National Forest. Measurements encompass the strong 2015-2016 El Niño drought and La Niña 2008-2009 wet events. We found that the forest responded strongly to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Drought reduced water availability for evapotranspiration (ET) leading to large increases in sensible heat fluxes (H). Partitioning ET by an approach that assumes transpiration (T) is proportional to photosynthesis, we found that water stress-induced reductions in canopy conductance (Gs ) drove T declines partly compensated by higher evaporation (E). By contrast, the abnormally wet La Niña period gave higher T and lower E, with little change in seasonal ET. Both El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events resulted in changes in forest structure, manifested as lower wet-season leaf area index. However, only during El Niño 2015-2016, we observed a breakdown in the strong meteorological control of transpiration fluxes (via energy availability and atmospheric demand) because of slowing vegetation functions (via shutdown of Gs and significant leaf shedding). Drought-reduced T and Gs , higher H and E, amplified by feedbacks with higher temperatures and vapor pressure deficits, signaled that forest function had crossed a threshold, from which it recovered slowly, with delay, post-drought. Identifying such tipping point onsets (beyond which future irreversible processes may occur) at local scale is crucial for predicting basin-scale threshold-crossing changes in forest energy and water cycling, leading to slow-down in forest function, potentially resulting in Amazon forests shifting into alternate degraded states.

La velocidad de crecimiento en altura de Swietenia macrophylla destaca en términos de resistencia al ataque del barrenador Hypsipyla grandella y la selección de familias de rápido crecimiento puede viabilizar las plantaciones comerciales. Los caracteres altura, diámetro, número de hojas y forma del tronco de árboles de 4 familias de S. macrophylla, de 47,5 meses de edad, plantados en Ucayali, Perú, se utilizaron para investigar la posibilidad de seleccionar genotipos de rápido crecimiento. La heredabilidad promedio (h2m) y la precisión selectiva (Acprog) entre familias fueron moderadas para la altura total (Ht: h2m: 0,407; Acprog: 0,638) y la altura comercial (Hc: h2m: 0.472; Acprog: 0.687), además de que Hc correlacionó positivamente con la susceptibilidad a el ataque del taladro. La forma del fuste mostró diferencias importantes entre las familias y alta h2m (0,984) y Acprog (0,921). Las correlaciones genéticas (rg) y fenotípicas (rf) entre rasgos mostraron que una selección de individuos con mayores alturas generalmente resultará en un mayor crecimiento en diámetro, número de hojas y mejor forma del tallo. El estudio destaca la importancia de seleccionar familias con rápido crecimiento en altura y tallos rectos para posibilitar, mejorar la calidad y aumentar la productividad de las plantaciones comerciales con la especie.

Objetivos. Analizar la evolución del COVID-19 en poblaciones rurales de Loreto y Ucayali en la etapa temprana de la pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal a nivel de comunidades basado en dos rondas de encuestas telefónicas con autoridades locales de más de 400 comunidades rurales indígenas y no-indígenas en Loreto y Ucayali, en julio y agosto de 2020, para recopilar información sobre casos y muertes por COVID-19 en sus comunidades, medidas de protección adoptadas y la recepción de asistencia estatal en la etapa temprana de la pandemia. Estadísticas descriptivas permiten evaluar la evolución de la pandemia después del brote inicial y comparar las tendencias de las dos regiones, así como entre poblaciones indígenas y no-indígenas. Resultados. En julio de 2020, el COVID-19 había llegado al 91,5% de las comunidades, aunque se reportaron muertes por COVID-19 en 13,0% de las comunidades, siendo la mortalidad rural mayor en Ucayali (0,111%) que en Loreto (0,047%) y en comunidades no-indígenas. Para agosto, la prevalencia disminuyó de 44,0% a 32,0% de comunidades, pero se volvió más frecuente en las comunidades indígenas, y aquellas en Ucayali. Viajar a la ciudad para recibir bonos estatales y las dificultades para mantener el distanciamiento social contribuyeron al contagio. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos mostraron la evolución del COVID-19 en comunidades rurales y señalan áreas importantes de atención en futuras políticas públicas, para la adopción de medidas de protección y reconsiderar estrategias para la distribución de asistencia ante pandemias futuras.

Insectivorous bats of the family Vespertilionidae have been grouped into eight tribes, with Lasiurini showing an extensive distribution in South America. In Bolivia, three species of lasiurine bats have been reported: Lasiurus blossevillii (Lesson & Garnot, 1826), L. ega (Gervais, 1856), and L. villosissimus (É. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1806). The morphological analyses of specimens of this genus deposited in Bolivian scientific collections and comparisons with specimens from other countries (including holotypes) prompt us to report the first records of three species: Lasiurus atratus Handley 1996, L. castaneus Handley 1960, and L. egregius (Peters, 1870) in Bolivia, expanding their known geographic ranges to the southwestern part of the Amazon.

A pesca esportiva é uma atividade que tem como objetivo a captura de peixe por diversão. No entanto, o peixe é exposto ao estresse da captura, e pode sofrer lesões físicas, devido ao manuseio incorreto, sendo necessário ações que contribuam para minimizar os danos ocasionados na manipulação. Diante dessa realidade, um projeto de extensão para um trecho da bacia do Rio Negro, intitulado “Apoio técnico aos guias de pesca esportiva do médio Rio Negro, Barcelos, Amazonas” foi proposto, uma vez que a região recebe um número elevado de turistas, anualmente, envolvidos na prática da pesca. Esse projeto foi aprovado em edital de extensão da Universidade Federal do Amazonas e sua realização teve a importante missão de disseminar e popularizar o conhecimento da atividade de pesca esportiva e das espécies alvo na área de estudo. Os guias de pesca, foram os atores que tiveram maior participação na atividade (96,5%), fato este interpretado como positivo, uma vez que possuem contato direto com o peixe capturado esportivamente, e normalmente fazem a remoção do anzol desses indivíduos. Logo, o compartilhamento de experiência entre a equipe do projeto e os guias de pesca revelaram-se necessárias para o entendimento sobre a forma correta de manuseio dos peixes capturados, e a condição de sobrevivência desses indivíduos para a temporada seguinte. Esses benefícios seriam incorporados no dia a dia durante as atividades de pesca dos guias, além de oportunizar maior expectativa de qualidade ao meio ambiente.

Pleurotus spp. compõem o segundo grupo dos cogumelos mais cultivados no mundo. A elaboração de farinha a partir da biomassa desses macrofungos constitui uma alternativa tecnológica para a formulação de produtos alimentícios funcionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar a farinha de Pleurotus djamor cultivado em resíduo lignocelulósico da floresta amazônica. P. djamor, cedido pela coleção de culturas DPUA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, foi cultivado em ágar batata dextrose + extrato de levedura 0,5% (p/v). Para obtenção do inóculo, P. djamor foi cultivado em ágar Sabouraud + extrato de levedura 0,5% (p/v). A produção do cogumelo foi realizada em exocarpo de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) suplementado com farelo de arroz. Em seguida, foram avaliados os parâmetros de produção e os basidiomas obtidos foram utilizados para elaboração da farinha. Neste produto alimentício foram determinadas a composição centesimal, análise microbiológica e as propriedades tecnológicas. Os parâmetros produtivos evidenciaram que adaptação da espécie e o potencial de resíduos Amazônicos foram significativos, pois apresentaram eficiência biológica 137,91%, taxa de produção 8,11 g/dia, produtividade 21,81% e perda de matéria orgânica 31,86%. O tamanho médio dos basidiomas foi de 12,2 x 7,5cm, estipe 2,5cm. A farinha demonstrou ser fonte de nutrientes como proteínas (13,68%) e fibras (9,84%). O índice de absorção de água, índice de solubilidade em água e capacidade de capacidade de intumescimento foram 6,29 g/g, 52% e CI 5,68 g/g, respectivamente. A farinha de cogumelo ostra cultivado em resíduos agroflorestais amazônicos constitui uma alternativa inovadora para a elaboração de alimentos funcionais saudáveis.

La lucha por la vida digna es un extenso camino que incluye distintas dimensiones de vivir, de habitar, de construir y de disputar el espacio y la propiedad. Frecuentemente inicia con la búsqueda del acceso a la vivienda, pero se alimenta de luchas por acceso a la salud, la educación, el trabajo. En atención a esas demandas, en la última década, en el Ecuador se ha incrementado la producción de vivienda de interés social, a la vez que se ha limitado el sentido de lucha de la población. Mediante un acercamiento etnográfico a los beneficiarios del proyecto Casa para Todos en la Amazonía ecuatoriana y un análisis detallado de la forma de gobierno y las políticas de vivienda se responde a la pregunta: ¿de qué manera el Estado ecuatoriano ha generado opresión y subordinación a través de la producción de vivienda de interés social y sus políticas públicas paralelas? Los resultados muestran que la forma de actuar del Estado y su estrategia, consciente o inconsciente, de crear una subordinación de los pobres, es exitosa. El accionar del Estado mediante acuerdos con los beneficiarios se orienta a generar personas impotentes, que permanezcan en un constante estado de incertidumbre y arbitrariedad.

É abordado o papel crucial das comunidades indígenas na Amazónia na luta contra as mudanças climáticas e na realização do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 13. Ao longo de milénios, estas comunidades desenvolveram conhecimentos e práticas em harmonia com a natureza. O ODS 13, que se foca no combate às mudanças climáticas, realça a importância de integrar os indígenas neste processo. O estudo responde a duas perguntas centrais: primeiro, como os conhecimentos ancestrais contribuem para enfrentar as mudanças climáticas, e segundo, as medidas atuais para envolver estas comunidades no ODS 13. Estratégias como agrofloresta, gestão sustentável e conservação de recursos hídricos têm mostrado eficácia na biodiversidade e mitigação climática. A integração de conhecimentos tradicionais em políticas, programas como REDD+ e o fortalecimento da capacidade dos indígenas são chaves para a sua participação ativa na tomada de decisões e realização do ODS 13. Em conjunto, os povos indígenas desempenham um papel essencial na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável e na mitigação das mudanças climáticas na região amazônica.

Aims: Knowledge about species niches along environmental gradients is needed to understand community assembly and spatial variation in floristic composition and species richness. In Amazonian rainforests, such knowledge is largely lacking, although ferns have been used to infer overall floristic and edaphic patterns. Here we explore fern species distributions along an important edaphic gradient, how narrow their realised niches are and how sensitive inferences are to species commonness, data quality and the region being sampled. Location: Amazonia. Methods: We used a large data set (1,215 transects across lowland Amazonia) to explore the realised niches of 54 species of two fern genera (Adiantum and Lindsaea) along a soil base cation concentration gradient. We used weighted averaging to estimate species optima and niche widths, and Huisman–Olff–Fresco modelling to assess species response shapes. Results: Overall, species optima were rather evenly spread along the soil base cation concentration gradient, but Lindsaea optima were limited to the lower half of the gradient, whereas Adiantum optima were more often in the upper half. Most species had unimodal response curves. Mean niche width was ca. 25% of the observed gradient length for Adiantum and 17% for Lindsaea and was only weakly or not at all related to different aspects of species commonness. Species optima were robust to different modelling approaches and consistent across regional subsets. However, the central Amazonian data contained no transects with high soil base cation concentration, so species with high optima were either absent or obtained a lower optimum than in the NW and SW regions. Conclusions: Our results support niche‐related species sorting as an important process that defines species co‐occurrence, turnover and richness patterns within Amazonian rainforests. All Adiantum and Lindsaea species, including the most abundant ones, had narrow enough realised niches to be considered useful indicators of edaphic and floristic variation within the rainforest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In our research conducted in seven citrus orchards in Amazonas State, Brazil, we recorded the presence of eight sharpshooter species. One of the identified species is known to transmit the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which is responsible for causing citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). Among the eight species found, five were newly recorded in citrus plants within the State, and three were entirely new to the northern region. This research emphasizes the importance of mapping the locations of these insects to gain insights into their behavior. Doing so will enable the development of strategies to effectively manage the threat of CVC in local citrus crops. This research study reports new records of eight species of Cicadellini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) across seven municipalities in Amazonas State, Brazil. Among these species, one is known as a vector of CVC (Provancherana corniculata). Additionally, five species are being reported for the first time in citrus for the State (Erythrogonia sexguttata, Hortensia similis, Provancherana corniculata, Scopogonalia amazonensis, and Scoposcartula oculata), and three species (Diedrocephala variegata, Macugonalia moesta and Xyphon reticulatum) are reported for the first time in the northern region. This research highlights the lack of information on sharpshooter occurrence in the Amazonas region, emphasizing the need for further investigations in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bushy-tailed opossum Glironia venusta is a rare marsupial from Amazonia, with most of the known records obtained through scant visualization/photography events or by few captures/deposit of specimens in scientific collections. This study presents unusual records for the species: the first record of individuals dead due to vehicle collision, and a specimen opportunistically trapped into a mistnet. The data presented herein provide additional morphometrical data and ecological insights about G. venusta. Although this species is considered essentially arboreal, our records indicate that movements on ground are part of its habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this article we propose a new Catasetum species which presents affinity to the C. cristatum alliance, more specifically to species belonging to the C. barbatum complex. The new species has been found in the flooded forests of the Nhamundá River which constitutes the interstate limit between the States of Amazonas and Pará in Brazil. Plants were collected in flooded forest on the river's left bank, in the municipality of Faro (Pará State, Brazil). The new species is here described in detail and data on habitat, distribution, phenology, conservation status are presented, along with photographs. The new species is compared to C. garnettianum, C. nhamundaense and C. barbatum, from which it differs mainly in the lip structure. All of these allied species are part of the Catasetum barbatum species complex. We also provide an identification key for Catasetum species from the C. barbatum complex occurring in the Brazilian Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: During the preparation of a taxonomic revision of Theobroma sensu lato (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae), three new species of T. sect. Herrania were found: Theobroma globosum, T. nervosum and T. schultesii, which are described herein. Theobroma globosum and T. nervosum belong to T. sect. Herrania subsect. Subcymbicalyx, with species mostly found in the Amazon Basin, characterised, among other features, by petal ligules at least ten times longer than the petal claws. Theobroma schultesii is from T. sect. Herrania subsect. Herrania, with species with petal ligules less than ten times longer than the claw and is mainly found in the southern parts of the Caribbean Sea, the Pacific Ocean, western Colombia, and northern Ecuador. Theobroma globosum is diagnosed by the combination of spherical fruits with smaller leaflets and midrib proportions when compared to other species from the same region. Theobroma nervosum is identified by its toothed, obovate leaflets with secondary veins protruding beyond the leaflet margins, forming elongated projections across the entire leaflet. Theobroma schultesii exhibits a unique set of features in T. sect. Herrania subsect. Herrania, having both petiolulate leaflets and a cupuliform calyx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of O Social em Questão is the property of Faculdades Catolicas - Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study describes the characteristics of forest fragments occupied by a Critically Endangered endemic Peruvian primate, the San Martín titi monkey, Plecturocebus oenanthe (Pitheciidae; Platyrrhini). We selected 45 fragments; 20 had already been surveyed in 2015 by the Proyecto Mono Tocón (six of these had been further split, resulting in 27 fragments); an additional 18 fragments were randomly selected from satellite images. We surveyed these fragments for the presence of P. oenanthe and determined characteristics of the fragments (size, shape, tree density, canopy height) and of the landscape (distance to nearest fragment and road). We also examined changes in the number of fragments and in forest cover between 2015 and 2019. We encountered P. oenanthe in all surveyed fragments except for the smallest one (0.2 ha). Our findings suggest that P. oenanthe can persist in fragments with a wide range of characteristics, particularly with regard to size and tree density. Unless fragmentation continues and overall forest cover in the area diminishes further, the species may be able to persist even in a fragmented landscape, provided that the matrix allows for movements between fragments. However, persistence might not be long-term if groups are not reproductive, populations become too small, and reduced gene flow results in inbreeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Residents of remote areas in the Amazon often lack access to a water supply system and thus need to produce their potable water at home. This study examined the efficacy of household water treatments traditionally used by these communities to treat rainwater and river water, their predominant water sources. Samples of untreated, treated, and stored drinking water were collected from 18 households in three communities in Central Amazon, Amazonas State, Brazil. We describe the materials and practices involved and traditionally used in each treatment technique - cloth filtration (water straining), chlorination, and sedimentation, and their efficiency. In the samples we evaluate water quality analyses, as free chlorine, color, coliforms, and turbidity. The treatment steps for the separation of solids in river water were effective only for removing turbidity and apparent color. Straining river water after sedimentation had no relevant effect on water quality. Chlorination of rainwater was efficient in inactivating Escherichia coli; however, all samples showed some level of contamination by E. coli. We found a significant difference (p < 0.05) between untreated and treated river water turbidity, reduced by up to 22%. Untreated rain and river waters showed similar levels of microbiological contamination, close to 3.5 log CFU/100 mL of E. coli. Chlorine effectively removed microbiological contaminants in rainwater (median removal of 100, 44.5% of samples with <1 CFU/100 mL). Yet, this treatment was less effective for river water (94% median removal, with 11% of samples with <100 CFU/100 mL and only 5.5% with <1 CFU/100 mL found in treated water), showing a significant reduction in both cases when the Wilcoxon test was applied. Sodium hypochlorite treatment showed the best results among the techniques evaluated in this study. It can be used in remote areas where rainwater is available for consumption. Microorganism concentration increased after water underwent water straining and sedimentation processes. These results suggest that the improper handling of water containers and materials used during treatment processes leads to contamination of water. Thus, more robust outreach and educational efforts are recommended to improve remote communities' water collection, treatment, and storage practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive restoration of secondary forests can partially offset loss of biodiversity following tropical deforestation. Tree cavities, an essential resource for cavity-nesting birds, are usually associated with old forest. We investigated the restoration time for tree cavities suitable for cavity-nesting birds in secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) in central Amazonian Brazil. We hypothesized that cavity abundance would increase with forest age, but more rapidly in areas exposed to cutting only, compared to areas where forest was cut and burned. We also hypothesized that cavities would be lower, smaller, and less variable in secondary forest than in old-growth forest, which at the BDFFP is part of a vast lowland forest with no recent history of human disturbance. We used pole-mounted cameras and tree-climbing to survey cavities in 39 plots (each 200 × 40 m) across old-growth forests and 11–34-year-old secondary forests. We used generalized linear models to examine how cavity supply was related to forest age and land-use history (cut only vs cut-and-burn), and principal components analysis to compare cavity characteristics between old-growth and secondary forest. Cavity availability increased with secondary forest age, regardless of land-use history, but the oldest secondary forest (31–34 years) still had fewer cavities (mean ± SE = 9.8 ± 2.2 cavities ha–1) than old-growth forest (20.5 ± 4.2 cavities ha–1). Moreover, secondary forests lacked cavities that were high and deep, with large entrances—characteristics likely to be important for many species of cavity-nesting birds. Several decades may be necessary to restore cavity supply in secondary Amazonian forests, especially for the largest birds (e.g. forest-falcons and parrots > 190 g). Retention of legacy trees as forest is cleared might help maintain a supply of cavities that could allow earlier recolonization by some species of cavity-nesting birds when cleared areas are abandoned. A Portuguese version of this article is available in Supplementary Material 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The struggle for a dignified life is an extensive path that includes different dimensions of living, inhabiting and building, of disputing space and property. Frequently it begins with the search for access to housing, but it is fed by struggles for access to health, education, work. In response to these demands, in the last decade, in Ecuador, the production of social interest housing has increased while the sense of struggle of the population has been limited. Through an ethnographic approach to the beneficiaries of the "Casa para Todos" project in the Ecuadorian Amazon, and a detailed analysis of the form of government and housing policies, the question is answered, in what way has the Ecuadorian State generated oppression and subordination to through the production of social interest housing and its parallel public policies? The results show that the way of acting of the State and its strategy, consciously or unconsciously to create a subordination of the poor, is successful. The action of the State through agreements with the beneficiaries is aimed at generating powerless people, who remain in a constant state of uncertainty and arbitrariness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding which species will be extirpated in the aftermath of large‐scale human disturbance is critical to mitigating biodiversity loss, particularly in hyperdiverse tropical biomes. Deforestation is the strongest driver of contemporary local extinctions in tropical forests but may occur at different tempos. The 2 most extensive tropical forest biomes in South America—the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon—have experienced historically divergent pathways of habitat loss and biodiversity decay, providing a unique case study to investigate rates of local species persistence on a single continent. We quantified medium‐ to large‐bodied mammal species persistence across these biomes to elucidate how landscape configuration affects their persistence and associated ecological functions. We collected occurrence data for 617 assemblages of medium‐ to large‐bodied mammal species (>1 kg) in the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon. Analyzing natural habitat cover based on satellite data (1985–2022), we employed descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLMs) to investigate ecospecies occurrence patterns in relation to habitat cover across the landscapes. The subregional erosion of Amazonian mammal assemblage diversity since the 1970s mirrors that observed since the colonial conquest of the Atlantic Forest, given that 52.8% of all Amazonian mammals are now on a similar trajectory. Four out of 5 large mammals in the Atlantic Forest were prone to extirpation, whereas 53% of Amazonian mammals were vulnerable to extirpation. Greater natural habitat cover increased the persistence likelihood of ecospecies in both biomes. These trends reflected a median local species loss 63.9% higher in the Atlantic Forest than in the Amazon, which appears to be moving toward a turning point of forest habitat loss and degradation. The contrasting trajectories of species persistence in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest domains underscore the importance of considering historical habitat loss pathways and regional biodiversity erosion in conservation strategies. By focusing on landscape configuration and identifying essential ecological functions associated with large vertebrate species, conservation planning and management practices can be better informed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journalism Research is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2023, most parts of the world experienced exceptional heat. In particular, anomalous warm temperatures and heatwave events were evidenced across South America during the second half of the year. The situation was particularly critical in the Amazon region in terms of not only hydrometeorological drought but also ecological and socioeconomic impacts. In this study, remote-sensing data collected from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to observe the changes in temperature and vegetation across Amazonia during the exceptional drought of 2023. This analysis was based on anomalies in the land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation indices: the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The amplitude of the LST (AMP-LST), an indicator of the energy partitioning between the latent and sensible heat flux, and fire counts were also considered. The results show widespread and extreme warming across Amazonia during the austral spring in 2023, accompanied by a decline in vegetation greenness, water stress conditions across northern Amazonia, and an enhanced fire occurrence across central and northern Amazonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the concept of the "Archaic" and its characteristics within the context of Colombian archaeology since the mid-twentieth century. It highlights some challenges that the termimplies for archaeological research. Finally, potential application of this category in Amazonian archaeology is explored, concluding that its use hinders a proper analysis of the issues currently under study in the region.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The speed of growth in height of Swietenia macrophylla stands out in terms of resistance to attack by the Hypsipyla grandella borer and the selection of fast-growing families can make commercial plantings viable. The characters height, diameter, number of leaves and stem form of trees from 4 families of S. macrophylla, aged 47.5 months, planted in Ucayali, Peru, were used to investigate the possibility of selecting fast-growing genotypes. The average heritability (h²m) and selective accuracy (Acprog) between families were moderate for total height (Ht: h²m: 0.407; Acprog: 0.638) and commercial height (Hc: h²m: 0.472; Acprog: 0.687), in addition to Hc positively correlating with susceptibility to the drill attack. The stem form showed statistical differences between families and great h²m (0.984) and Acprog (0.921). The genetic (rg) and phenotypic (rf) correlations between traits showed that a selection of individuals with greater heights will generally result in greater growth in diameter, number of leaves and better stem form. The study highlights the importance of selecting families with fast growth in height and straight stems to enable, improve the quality and increase the productivity of commercial plantations with the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to aims to test the hypothesis that the quality of eggs (physical and microbiological) may be influenced by hens' age, season of the year, and storage period when these are stored at room temperature in Amazon environmental conditions. The experimental method was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (3x2x10), where the factors were hens' age (32, 56 or 77 weeks), seasons (dry or rainy), and storage periods of the eggs (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 or 63 days), with 12 replicates (eggs) each. Data collected were subjected to the Tukey test at 5%. Older birds produced heavier (p<0.05) eggs with higher percentages of yolk and albumen, but lower (p<0.05) internal and external quality. Eggs produced in rainy were heavier (p<0.05), presented higher (p<0.05) percentages of yolk and albumen, better (p<0.05) internal quality and shell thickness, and lower (p<0.05) concentrations of microorganisms. There were significant losses (p<0.05) in the internal quality of the eggs, without affecting the shell thickness and Haugh unit, according to an increase in the storage period. In addition, eggs stored in the Amazon environmental conditions above 28 days presented a great growth in the microorganism's concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To analyze the evolution of COVID-19 in rural populations of Loreto and Ucayali in the early stage of the pandemic. Materials and methods. A community-level longitudinal observational study was conducted and based on two rounds of telephone surveys with local authorities of more than 400 indigenous and non-indigenous rural communities in Loreto and Ucayali, in July and August 2020. We collected information on cases and deaths by COVID-19 in their communities, protective measures adopted and if state assistance was received in the early stage of the pandemic. Descriptive statistics allowed us to evaluate the evolution of the pandemic after the initial outbreak and compare the trends of the two regions, as well as between indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Results. In July 2020, COVID-19 had reached 91.5% of the communities, although deaths from COVID-19 were reported in 13.0% of the communities, with rural mortality being higher in Ucayali (0.111%) than in Loreto (0.047%) and in non-indigenous communities. By August, prevalence decreased from 44.0% to 32.0% of communities, but became more frequent in indigenous communities, and those in Ucayali. Traveling to the city to receive state bonuses and difficulties maintaining social distancing contributed to the spread. Conclusions. Our findings show the evolution of COVID-19 in rural communities and point to important areas of attention in future public policies, for the adoption of protective measures and reconsidering strategies for the distribution of assistance in the face of future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this case study is to analyze the migratory flow in the Amazon region, considering cross-border migratory trends from a diachronic perspective. The evolution of the mobility of Amazonian countries by nationality and territorial entity of destination is observed, especially considering Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, based on a review of the geographical, political, and economic aspects. In the first section, we address delimitations, inaccessible territories, and cross-border, documenting it since the eighteenth century. In the second section, we give an account of the main contemporary trends, in which the difficulty of the state to populate and control remains the existing connection between their localities and the political and economic centers in the interior and exterior of each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]