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Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Necrosis to cosmetically vital anatomical regions of the nose like the columella and the ala can occur after prolonged use of nasal cannula in neonatal patients. Nasal injuries following nasal cannula use occur when the nasal cannula providing oxygen to the neonate is placed too tightly. The mechanical stress leads to soft tissue deformation, causing cell death and tissue damage as well as compression of capillaries and ischemia. Here we present a case report of two preterm infants who have sustained columella necrosis, one more severe than the other. In a rare incidence, we see an infratip and supratip lobular and partial bilateral alar defects. Both patients are currently doing well, and reconstruction will take place in 2–3 years when the potential donor site tissue has fully matured.

Nose reconstruction often requires scarce cartilage grafts. Nasal cartilage properties must be determined to serve as design criteria for engineering grafts. Thus, mechanical and biochemical properties were obtained in multiple locations of human nasal septum, upper lateral cartilage (ULC), and lower lateral cartilage (LLC). Within each region, no statistical differences among locations were detected, but anisotropy at some septum locations was noted. In the LLC, the tensile modulus and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in the inferior-superior direction were statistically greater than in the anterior-posterior direction. Cartilage from all regions exhibited hyperelasticity in tension, but regions varied in degree of hyalinicity (i.e., Col II:Col I ratio). The septum contained the most collagen II and least collagen I and III, making it more hyaline than the ULC and LLC. The septum had a greater aggregate modulus, UTS, and lower total collagen/wet weight (Col/WW) than the ULC and LLC. The ULC had greater tensile modulus, DNA/WW, and lower glycosaminoglycan/WW than the septum and LLC. The ULC had a greater pyridinoline/Col than the septum. Histological staining suggested the presence of chondrons in all regions. In the ULC and LLC, tensile modulus correlated with total collagen content, while aggregate modulus correlated with pyridinoline content and weakly with pentosidine content. However, future studies should be performed to validate these proposed structure-function relationships. This study of human nasal cartilage provides 1) crucial design criteria for nasal cartilage tissue engineering efforts, 2) quantification of major and minor collagen subtypes and crosslinks, and 3) structure-function relationships. Surprisingly, the large mechanical properties found, particularly in the septum, suggests that nasal cartilage may experience higher-than-expected mechanical loads. While tissue engineering holds promise to generate much-needed cartilage grafts for nasal reconstruction, little is known about nasal cartilage from an engineering perspective. In this study, the mechanical and biochemical properties of the septum, upper lateral cartilage (ULC), and lower lateral cartilage (LLC) were evaluated using cartilage-specific methods. For the first time in this tissue, all major and minor collagens and collagen crosslinks were measured, demonstrating that the septum was more hyaline than the ULC and LLC. Additionally, new structure-function relationships in the ULC and LLC were identified. This study greatly expands upon the quantitative understanding of human nasal cartilage and provides crucial engineering design criteria for much-needed nasal cartilage tissue engineering efforts. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To provide referenced classifications of alar dynamic aesthetics from both subjective and objective perspectives for determining proper surgical strategies in alarplasty. Methods: A total of 150 healthy Asian female participants were instructed to perform two standardized facial movements including a resting pose and a maximum smile while taking care not to show their teeth. The participants were recorded using a dynamic three-dimensional surface imaging system. Frames depicting the resting position and the alar maximum enlargement during the smile were exported separately for anthropometric analysis and classification. The alar dynamic aesthetic was assessed through measurement of the anthropomorphic changes comparing the resting and maximum smile statuses and then transformed into quantitative analysis through the algorithm M O B I L I T Y = W I D T H smile - W I D T H rest W I D T H rest × 100 % . Subjective classification and evaluation of the subject cosmetic deficiencies and proposals for therapeutic interventions to improve the subjects' alar dynamic aesthetic were performed by three senior plastic surgeons through visualization of the resting and smiling images. The surgeons were asked to divide and classify the subjects into three groups (Class I, Class II and Class III) according to the surgeons' perceptions of degree of the subjects' deficiencies in alar dynamic aesthetic. The more deficiency there was in the aesthetic, the higher the class that the subject was assigned into. The surgeons were presented with the full set of images of the patients on two separate occasions each three months apart, to assess interobserver reliability. Clustering analysis, which is based on machine learning, was applied for objective classification of the images. Results: According to the senior plastic surgeon experts' subjective classification, the subjects' alar flaring mobility was judged as follows: Class I (6.78 ± 3.84%), Class II (10.35 ± 4.18%), and Class III (18.68 ± 4.15%), while alar base mobility was judged as Class I (12.71 ± 7.57%), Class II (20.06 ± 10.06%), and Class III (30.86 ± 13.20%). By clustering analysis, alar flaring mobility was determined to be Class I (7.01 ± 3.51%), Class II (11.18 ± 4.76%), and Class III (12.72 ± 5.66%), while alar base mobility was Class I (9.07 ± 4.23%), Class II (21.88 ± 4.25%), and Class III (38.59 ± 7.08%). No statistical significance was found in the distribution and assignment of classes between the two methodologies. Conclusion: Classifications of alar dynamic aesthetics could arouse attention to facial dynamic aesthetics and provide referenced quantitative parameters for plastic surgeons to determine appropriate treatments for alarplasty. For patients with Class I mobility, treatments are not recommended, while minimally invasive treatments can be deemed to be optional for patients with Class II alar mobility to potentially improve alar dynamic aesthetics. For patients with Class III alar mobility, surgical treatments are strongly recommended as options. Combing subjective classification with automated algorithms can provide a novel perspective and improve reliability for facial aesthetic classification analysis. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University / Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Institute of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Nose is an important part of facial aesthetics and needs to be restored as part of overall facial rejuvenation. Nasal fillers containing hyaluronic acid give immediate results with minimal or no downtime. Materials and methods: The aim of this article was to give an insight and practical tips to enhance results with nasal fillers and at the same time minimize complications. All the procedures were performed at the author’s private clinic and by the author himself. Results: Dorsal correction has been the most common indication for nasal fillers, followed by the tip and alar correction. The patients are highly satisfied if proper care is taken during injections, which leads to gratifying results. Conclusion: Hyaluronic fillers are very effective for nasal reshaping for patients not willing for rhinoplasty and even for those with minor defects after rhinoplasty. They give immediate results with very minimal downtime.

Alar (Daminozide), a plant growth retardant, is used in different fruit orchards especially of apples and mangoes to increase the production by preventing pre harvest fruit drop, promoting colour development and increasing the storage life. In an earlier study we have demonstrated both neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of Alar in a model organism Drosophila melanogaster. As an extension of the previous work, the present study is designed to investigate the effects of Alar on larval and adult behaviour of the fly. The Results demonstrated no significant alteration in feeding rate of treated larvae, but their foraging path length was shortened considerably, indicating impaired locomotion. Moreover, the onset of their specific courtship behavior like orientation, tapping and wing vibration was significantly delayed which suggest that the treated males were less vigorous and females were less receptive than the controls. In addition, Alar treatment was associated with reduction in copulation duration and subsequent decline in Courtship Index indicating lower reproductive fitness. Collectively, the findings suggest that Alar is ethotoxic for D. melanogaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the changes in alar base width in patients who underwent Lefort 1 osteotomy with anterior maxillary osteotomy (AMO), where conventional alar cinch suturing was done to control the alar base widening. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on pre-operative and post-operative photographs of 100 female patients aged between 18 and 30 years who underwent Lefort 1 osteotomy with AMO. The derived values were then compared and analysed using t test. Results: The mean alar base width pre-operatively was 14.11 mm and post-operatively was 15.28 mm. The mean increase in alar base width was 1.176 mm. The result indicated a definitive change between pre-operative and post-operative alar base widths with mean increase in width of 1.176 mm (P = 0.000), which is clinically not very significant. Conclusion: The effect of Lefort 1 osteotomy on the alar base can be well controlled by the conventional alar cinch suturing without any additional anchorage on the ANS with predictable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An open field study was carried out at Dept. of Ornamental Hort. Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., and the applied part was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Hort. Res. Inst., ARC., Giza, Egypt during 2015 and 2016 seasons to investigate the effect of pinching, bio- and chemical fertilization (as soil drench), foliar spraying with alar (a growth retardant) and their interactions on vegetative growth of goldenrod (Solidago hybrida, "Tara") with the aim of producing high quality plants appropriate to be used as pot plants. Non-pinching was more effective than pinching procedure in increasing plant height, stem diameter and leaf area while pinching produced the highest values in terms of herb fresh and dry weights. Chemical fertilization with NPK at either 1.5 or 3 g/pot with or without bio-fertilization resulted in the highest values when compared with the other fertilization treatments. Alar at 1500 ppm produced the highest values in of plant height, stem diameter and leaf area (first season only), while alar at zero ppm produced the heaviest fresh and dry herb weights and the widest leaves (in the second season only). Non-pinching treatments increased plant height, stem diameter and leaf area to the highest values when combined with NPK at only 1.5 g/pot, while pinching treatments combined with all fertilization treatments (except for bio-fertilizer only and control) presented the highest herb fresh and dry weights. Non-pinching in addition to alar at 1000 ppm presented the highest values of plant height and stem diameter, while non-pinching in addition to alar at 500 ppm produced the highest leaf area. Pinching goldenrod plants in addition to spraying with alar at zero or 500 ppm increased herb fresh and dry weights. NPK at only 1.5 g/pot in addition to alar at 1000 or 1500 ppm produced the highest values of plant height and stem diameter. In this concern the highest fresh and dry weights were obtained by treating with bio-fertilization plus NPK at 3 g/pot in addition to alar at 500 or 1500 ppm. NPK at 1.5 g/pot + alar at 1500 ppm produced the highest leaf area in the first season, while in the second one bio-fertilizer + NPK at 1.5 g/pot + alar at zero ppm was more effective. Triple combined treatments showed a great variation in effects on vegetative growth characteristics, in general non-pinching treatments in addition to all fertilization treatments (except for bio-fertilizer only) and alar at all concentrations led to increase plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. However, pinching treatments in addition to bio-fertilization + NPK at 3 g/pot + alar at either 500 or 1500 ppm presented the highest fresh and dry weights, respectively. According to the previous findings and from an aesthetic point of view, it is recommended to treat goldenrod transplants grown in 14 cm pots with pinching in addition to bio-fertilization plus NPK at 3 g/pot + spraying with alar at 1500 ppm to produce high quality goldenrod plants appropriate to be used as pot plants.

This study was carried out at Dept. of Ornamental Hort., Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ. and the applied part was carried out under open field conditions at the Experimental Farm of Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt during 2015 and 2016 seasons to investigate the effect of pinching, bio- and chemical fertilization (as a soil drench), foliar spraying with alar and their interactions on flowering parameters of goldenrod (Solidago hybrida, "Tara") with the aim of producing high quality plants appropriate to be used as flowering pot plants. Flowering stem length (cm), flowering start date (days), flowering stem fresh and dry weights (g) and number of flowering branches were greatly affected by single, double and triple treatments applied in this study. Regarding the effect of interaction treatments between pinching, fertilization and alar, non-pinching in addition to bio-fertilization + NPK at 3 g/pot + alar at 1000 ppm resulted in the longest flowering stems. Non-pinching in addition to bio-fertilization + NPK at 1.5 g/pot + alar at 500 ppm shared some other treatments (i.e. pinching in addition to bio-fertilization + NPK at 3 g/pot + alar at 500 ppm) and resulted in the lowest flowering start date values. On the other hand, pinching in addition to bio-fertilization + NPK at either 1.5 or 3 g/pot + alar at 500 ppm produced the heaviest fresh flowering stems and to some extent the highest number of flowering branches. However, non-pinching in addition to alar at 1000 ppm + NPK at 3 g/pot either with or without bio-fertilization resulted in the heaviest flowering stems dry weight. According to the previous findings and from an aesthetic point of view, it is recommended to treat goldenrod transplants grown in 14 cm pots with pinching in addition to bio-fertilization plus NPK at either 1.5 or 3 g/pot + spraying with alar at 500 ppm to produce high quality goldenrod plants appropriate to be used as flowering pot plants.

“A smile is happiness you'll find right under your nose”– Tom Wilson. This quote holds true just for patients, not for surgeons. The correction of the nose always poses a challenge to the cosmetic surgeon. Deformities of the external and internal nose may be congenital or acquired and may be secondary to soft tissue and/or osseo-cartilaginous abnormalities, leading to aesthetic and/or functional consequences. Alar flare poses a common problem, sometimes alone and sometimes in conjunction with other external deformities. Alar base reduction is generally considered when the interalar distance exceeds the intercanthal distance. It has been well documented that this simple additional procedure brings about a substantial enhancement in the nose. Various techniques have been described and used in the past, each having their benefits and drawbacks, with the modified Weir wedge excision, Aufricht nasal sill excision, and Bernstein V-Y advancement being the common ones. We hereby describe a technique that is simple yet effective in achieving the desired results and at the same time aims at preventing relapse to obtain satisfactory long term results.

Background: The safety and outcomes of performing a simultaneous Alar reduction, Lip lift, and Open rhinoplasty Surgery (ALOS) through independent incisions have not been reported in any study, therefore, we aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of this combination procedure., Methods: This retrospective review study was conducted on all cases of simultaneous ALOS, lip-lift, and alar reduction performed from 2018-2022, at Facial Plastic Surgery Clinic, New York, USA. Alar reduction involved complete through-and-through resection of alar wedge, and the type of lip lift technique was bullhorn design with excision of skin and Superficial Musculo-Aponeurotic System. Primary open rhinoplasty with inverted V-columellar incision was performed. The follow up period ranged between 4 months to 2 years, but all of patients were followed up at 6 days, one, and two months post-operatively., Results: Fifty one cases were enrolled. We reviewed criteria of complications including infection, vascular events (such as necrosis, or partial ischemia), and poor scarring, fortunately, we did not have any infection or vascular issues. In 2 cases, columellar scar was "less than optimal", but in all other cases, this scar was "not perceivable" based on the patient survey. In 4 cases, the lip lift procedure scar was considered "less than optimal" showed slight indentation of white scar of lip lift in 9/44 cases. Additionally, all columellar and alar incisions had nearly invisible scarring., Conclusion: In primary rhinoplasty cases, without any other surgeries or previous trauma in the oronasal region, performing concomitant lip lift, open rhinoplasty, and alar wedge resection is safe and does not negatively affect vascularity or scarring., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest between authors.

Abstract Alar subunit retraction or notching whether acquired or congenital, can be challenging to reconstruct. Congenital cysts and benign lumps involving the nasal alar region can also result in acquired alar deformity once resected. Published reports describe different surgical methods, but we demonstrate a simple and highly satisfying technique. We present four paediatric cases with alar rim defects and demonstrate our modified surgical technique. All patients had an unremarkable recovery. Our outcomes demonstrate a minimal yet effective one-stage technique for correction of alar defects in paediatric patients that results in high patient satisfaction and allows for future secondary surgery if required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field study was conducted to assess the effect of growth retardants in African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). The effect of Alar and Cycocel on flower yield and carotenoid content in two varieties of African marigold was studied. The experiment was carried out in split plot design during two seasons viz., May sown crop and January sown crop. The main plots included two popular varieties Pusa Narangi Gainda and Maxima Yellow F1 and sub plot treatments comprised of Alar @ 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm, Cycocel @ 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm and distilled water as control applied as foliar spray. The number of flowers per plant, total flower yield per plant and carotenoid content of flower petals were significantly influenced by growth retardant application during both the seasons. Maximum carotenoid content was recorded in plants treated with Cycocel 1000 ppm in May sown crop and with Cycocel 2000 ppm in January sown crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Occupational therapy clinicians working in South Africa's public healthcare had views on what patients thought about their vocational rehabilitation services that were based on anecdotal evidence. However evidence-based practice requires more than that. Reliable information is important in patient-centred practice and in the assessment of service quality. OBJECTIVE: Clinical occupational therapists used the convergent interviewing technique to explore patients' views of the vocational rehabilitation services on offer in public hospitals. METHOD:An Action Learning Action Research (ALAR) approachwas used to explore the vocational rehabilitation services occupational therapy clinicians provided over a two week period in three settings. RESULTS: The majority (96%) of patients interviewed were not aware that occupational therapists offered vocational rehabilitation services. The convergent interview technique allowed continued unrestricted discussion of their vocational rehabilitation concerns and provided evidence that patients had significant concerns about work. Critical reflection on the interview experience and technique indicated that therapists were in favour of using convergent interviewing to obtain their patients views about the services offered. Therapists found the convergent interview technique easy to apply in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: Establishing patients' views of a clinical service have multiple values. However it is meaningless unless clinicians use the knowledge to improve service delivery to the patients who provided the views. Convergent interviewing was a valuable technique for occupational therapy clinicians to incorporate patients' views of their services into service development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foliar sprays of (PGR's) Cycocel and Alar were applied at concentrations of 250, 500, and 750 ppm after 105 days after plantation (square and boll setting stage) to Egyptian cotton cultivar planted at three plant densities (166.000, 222.000, and 333.000 plant ha-1). Number of opened bolls plant-1, seed-cotton yield plant-1, and earliness increased as plant density decreased in both years, as did seed-cotton and lint yield ha-1 in the second season. In the first year, the intermediate plant density gave highest yields. Plant density had no significant effect on lint percentage or fiber properties. Both Cycocel and Alar increased the number of opened bolls plant-1, boll weight, seed and lint indices, seed-cotton yield plant-1 and both seed-cotton and lint yield ha-1, but effects were not always significant and response varied for different traits. Neither Cycocel nor Alar affected lint percentage, yield earliness or fiber properties at any plant density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"A smile is happiness you'll find right under your nose"- Tom Wilson. This quote holds true just for patients, not for surgeons. The correction of the nose always poses a challenge to the cosmetic surgeon. Deformities of the external and internal nose may be congenital or acquired and may be secondary to soft tissue and/or osseo-cartilaginous abnormalities, leading to aesthetic and/or functional consequences. Alar flare poses a common problem, sometimes alone and sometimes in conjunction with other external deformities. Alar base reduction is generally considered when the interalar distance exceeds the intercanthal distance. It has been well documented that this simple additional procedure brings about a substantial enhancement in the nose. Various techniques have been described and used in the past, each having their benefits and drawbacks, with the modified Weir wedge excision, Aufricht nasal sill excision, and Bernstein V-Y advancement being the common ones. We hereby describe a technique that is simple yet effective in achieving the desired results and at the same time aims at preventing relapse to obtain satisfactory long term results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nose is an important part of facial aesthetics and needs to be restored as part of overall facial rejuvenation. Nasal fillers containing hyaluronic acid give immediate results with minimal or no downtime. Materials and methods: The aim of this article was to give an insight and practical tips to enhance results with nasal fillers and at the same time minimize complications. All the procedures were performed at the author's private clinic and by the author himself. Results: Dorsal correction has been the most common indication for nasal fillers, followed by the tip and alar correction. The patients are highly satisfied if proper care is taken during injections, which leads to gratifying results. Conclusion: Hyaluronic fillers are very effective for nasal reshaping for patients not willing for rhinoplasty and even for those with minor defects after rhinoplasty. They give immediate results with very minimal downtime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing virus free potato seeds in order to increase potato production in Indonesia could be carried out by using microtuber resulting from microcutting. The growth of single node microcutting potato can initiate microtuber formation when growth inhibiting substances such as alar in combination with dark photoperiod treatment is applied. This study was aimed to elucidate the effect of alar and dark photoperiod on the date of microtuber emergence and production. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design in which alar concentrations i.e. 0, 10-3, 5 x 10-3, and 10-2 mg/L, served as factor I, and dark photoperiods i.e. 16, 20, and 24 hrs/day, were used as factor II. Each treatment combination was replicated three times giving rise to 36 experimental units. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (F test) followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) when significant effect of the treatments existed. The results showed that alar and dark photoperiod affected individually on the date of microtuber emergence, while the best alar concentration to increase microtuber production was 10-3 mg/L with 10.67 microtubers/cutting. Dark period has no significant effect on the induction of potato microtuber.

Orthognathic surgery has an influence on the overlying soft tissues of the translated bony maxillomandibular complex. Improvements in both function and facial appearance are the goals of surgery. However, unwanted changes to the soft tissues, especially in the nose region, frequently occur. The most common secondary change in the nasolabial region is widening of the alar base. Various surgical techniques have been developed to minimize this effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the nasal region due to orthognathic surgery, especially the alar width and nasal volume, using combined cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry datasets. Twenty-six patients who underwent a Le Fort I advancement osteotomy between 2006 and 2013 were included. From 2006 to 2010, no alar base cinch sutures were performed. From 2010 onwards, alar base cinch sutures were used. Preoperative and postoperative documentation consisted of 3D stereophotogrammetry and CBCT scans. 3D measurements were performed on the combined datasets, and the alar base width and nose volume were analyzed. No difference in alar base width or nose volume was observed between patients who had undergone an alar cinch and those who had not. Postoperatively the nose widened and the volume increased in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to delineate the morphology, integrity, and distribution of the alar fascia using dissection and E12 sheet plastination. This is the first study that employs E12 sheet plastination to investigate the alar fascia and its adjacent potential spaces. Methods: Twenty-nine manual dissections and 3 sets of E12 sheet plastinations were used to examine the posterior pharyngeal region for the architecture and distribution of the alar fascia. Specimens were examined from the inferior nuchal line to C6. Results: The alar fascia originated as a well-defined midline structure at the level of C1 and could be identified down to C6. There was no evidence of the alar fascia between the inferior nuchal line and the base of the skull. Notably, the alar fascia permitted resistance to manual traction. Conclusions: E12 sheet plastination allowed for visualization of the alar fascia’s superior attachments within the deep cervical region. Resistance to traction suggests that the alar fascia may be more than just a loose fibroareolar matrix. The findings in this study suggest an alternative point of entry into the danger space. Understanding the continuity of this fascial layer is critically important with regard to the pathophysiology of deep neck space infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing concepts associated with quality, location, and time are integrated into a complete model, revealing the linkages between market window approaches and hedonic analysis. An integrated hedonic price model for the U.S. apple industry was estimated. Results suggested that size, storage method, grade, and seasonality are the most important influences on the price of apples. Area of apple origin and variety were the least important influences on apple prices, with the exception of the Granny Smith variety.

Effects of post harvest spray application of plant growth regulators, gibberellic acid (GA) and benzyl adenine (BA), alar (Daminozide) and chemicals like bovine serum albumin (BSA) and potassium permagnate (KMnO) on post harvest quality of heliconia inflorescence were investigated. Post harvest spray treatments significantly influenced post harvest quality and life of heliconia inflorescence as compared to control. Spray treatments of GA (100 mg l) and BSA (50 mg l) effectively increased water uptake and retained fresh weight of cut inflorescence. The same treatments also reduce the levels of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymatic activity and decreased the lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS) in the bract tissue. Percent absolute integrity of bract cell membrane (PAI) was also high in GA (100 mg l) and BSA (50 mg l) spray treated cut inflorescence on 8th, 10th and 12th day of vase life. Post-harvest spray treatment of GA (100 mg l) showed significant increase (by almost twofold) in the vase life of heliconia inflorescence as compared to control. These results suggest that post-harvest spray of GA (100 mg l) or BSA (50 mg l) maintains higher inflorescence fresh weight, improve water uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, stabilizes absolute integrity of cell membrane leading to a delay in bract cell death in heliconia inflorescence cv. Golden Torch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous food scares have become news in recent years, a situation that could lead to questions concerning the due diligence of those supplying food to consumers. This study looks at how various actors tied to the food supply, including producers, processors, retailers and government agencies, have tried to transition news coverage of food scares into something that matches their interests or which places the blame for problems elsewhere. Using Goffman's notion of keys, we investigate the ways in which the public was portrayed during three food scares—Alar, mad cow disease and genetic engineering—to understand how claimsmakers were reshaping press coverage of these crises. Findings show that while some coverage has changed over the years and across issues—from the public needing protection in the 1980s to being concerned in the late 1990s—keys have been used by actors in these stories to highlight ivies that were necessary to protect a public that is unable to fend for itself when food becomes risky. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objectives were to establish a magnetic resonance ( MR) protocol for the examination of, and then describe, the normal ligaments and the supporting structures of the occipitoatlantoaxial region. This was done in 10 cadaver dogs. In addition, MR images of three patients with cervical pain localized to the occipitoatlantoaxial region are included to provide examples of ligamentous abnormalities. All ligaments were hypointense in all pulse sequences. The apical, dorsal atlantoaxial, and dorsal longitudinal vertebral ligaments were seen best in the sagittal T1 W and PD-weighted images. The transverse ligament was best visualized in the transverse plane in all pulse sequences and appeared to be confluent with the dorsal longitudinal vertebral ligament dorsal to the dens in the sagittal plane. A 20° dorsal plane reconstructed image in 0.6-mm slice thickness was necessary to visualize the alar ligaments, which were visible in 9/10 dogs. The dorsal longitudinal vertebral ligament appeared continuous with the apical ligament and tectorial membrane. Abnormalities in clinically affected dogs included thickening of the alar ligaments, absence of transverse ligament and elongation, and irregularity of the apical ligament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to make a contribution to the stream of literature on action research by describing a longitudinal collaborative research project which evolved out of a long-term, participation partnership with Volvo Cars. The collaboration was aimed at developing innovation capabilities in the company and accumulating knowledge on how capabilities are developed. The paper provides insights into the design of collaborative research projects to enable mutual, sustainable learning. It draws on key notions in the literature on collaborative management research and action learning, highlighting the research design of the project at Volvo Cars and its relations to action learning. The paper describes how the research design opened the way to establishing a learning system at Volvo Cars while simultaneously generating new scientific knowledge within the area of innovation capabilities. The paper provides rich and detailed data on a collaborative research setting and highlights key aspects related to organizing and undertaking collaborative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capturing animals is an essential tool of wildlife management, but the use of capture devices is being affected by public pressures on an international scale. In Europe, and particularly Spain, foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are often captured using traditional methods such as nonlocking Spanish Snares (SS) set in an ad hoc fence line known as an alar, but these traditional European methods are rarely compared to modernly described restraints such as the Wisconsin Cable Restraint (WR). We evaluated rates of efficiency, selectivity, injury, and impacts to foxes and nontarget species when using SS (as traditionally set in an alar) or WR within alars or on trails in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. During 40,372 trap-nights from summer to winter of 2007, we captured 64 foxes, and 8 of 23 potential nontarget species. Our results indicated that WR set in trails were more efficient (0.28 capture rate) for capturing red foxes than SS set in an alar (0.11 capture rate). Relative to injury, foxes captured with the WR in the alar (95.4%), and WR in trails (90.5%), and the SS (90.9%) showed no indicators of poor welfare, and injury score analysis indicated that injuries were of similar magnitude for all capture devices. Overall, the WR set in trails may have performed the best, but all 3 methods are likely sufficient for capturing foxes with minimal injury, acceptable efficiency, and acceptable impact to foxes and sympatric nontarget species. Thus, wildlife managers in Spain and elsewhere can apply our findings to optimize capture and management of foxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Root cultures of Cayratia trifolia (Vitaceae) a tropical lianas, were maintained in liquid Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 NAA, 0.1 mg l−1 kinetin with 3% sucrose. These root cultures when grown with 6% sucrose accumulated stilbenes (piceid, resveratrol, viniferin, ampelopsin) in high amounts, which on elicitation by 500 mg l−1 yeast extract, 50 μM salicylic acid (SA), 50 μM methyl jasmonate (MeJa), 500 μM ethrel added at 25th day, increased up to ninefolds (7.1 mg l−1). Addition of alar or phenylalanine along with the elicitors further enhanced the stilbenes content. In the present study, stilbenes accumulation up to 12 folds (9.2 mg l−1) was obtained with SA and alar. The SA was the most effective in increasing the stilbenes contents while less than control values were recorded in the cells treated with MeJa. The roots could be grown up to 2 l flasks. The present work demonstrates that presence of precursor and sucrose during elicitation at an appropriate time combined with growth retardation significantly increased the production of stilbenes in C. trifolia cell cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemicals may be used to reduce plant size in cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.), which can increase cotton yield by allowing an increased number of plants per unit area. Foliar sprays of growth retardants Cycocel and Alar were applied at concentrations of 250, 500, and 750 ppm 105 days after planting (square and boll setting stage) to Egyptian cotton cultivar Giza 75 planted at three plant densities (166,000, 222,000, and 333,000 plant ha-1). The objectives of this two-year study were to determine if growth retardants may be substituted for plant density, and vice versa, and to investigate their effects on yield and fiber properties. Number of opened bolls plant-1, seed-cotton yield plant-1, and earliness increased as plant density decreased in both years, as did seed-cotton and lint yield ha-1 in the second season. In the first year, the intermediate plant density gave the highest yields. Plant density had no significant effect on lint percentage or fiber properties. Both Cycocel and Alar increased the number of opened bolls plant-1, boll weight, seed and lint indices, seed-cotton yield plant-1, and both seed-cotton and lint yield ha-1, but effects were not always significant and response varied for different traits. Neither Cycocel nor Alar affected lint percentage, yield earliness, or fiber properties at any plant density. The interaction of plant density × growth retardant was significant for the number of opened bolls m-2 and plant-1, seed-cotton yield plant-1 and ha-1, and for lint yield ha-1. The lowest plant densities, combined with application of Cycocel or Alar, gave the highest number of opened bolls m-2 and plant-1, seed-cotton yield plant-1 and ha-1, and lint yield ha-1. This implied that the effect of growth retardants on cotton yield depended essentially on the number of plants per unit area or space available to each plant and that applying growth retardants could enhance the effect of low plant density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long nose with a “plunging” tip is a deformity that involves an inferiorly rotated nasal tip, leading to an increase in the length of the nose. The anatomic basis of the long nose with a plunging tip may be divided into two types. Type 1 presents a normal alar–cartilage complex inferiorly displaced by a long nasal septum and long upper lateral cartilages. Type 2 is caused by a dislocation of the alar cartilages downward from the aponeurotic attachments to the septal angle. During the study period, the authors identified 60 patients with long noses and plunging tips. For 22 patients with type 1 long noses, the high septal incision technique was used in 12 cases and the step technique in 10 cases. The invagination procedure alone was used for 22 of 38 patients with type 2 plunging noses. Also, an extension graft with the invagination procedure was used for 6 patients, and a columellar strut graft was used for 10 patients. A high septal incision increased tip rotation without significantly changing the amount of tip projection. However, the step procedure, the invagination technique alone, septal extension graft with the invagination technique, and columellar strut grafts increased nasal tip rotation and projection. During the study period, 38 patients were identified as having a smiling deformity, which was improved using the authors’ modification procedure. On the basis of the results, the authors recommend that the appropriate treatment for each patient with a long nose and a plunging tip must be determined by preoperative and intraoperative examination findings with the patient at rest and while smiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operating principle and main performance characteristics of a digital device ALAR-Ts for automatic liquidation of asynchronous running are considered. The device is based on a new approach to determining asynchronous operation in its initial phase before the angle δ between the electromotive forces of the equivalent generators of two parts of a dividing power system attains 180° and does not require prescription of any setting dependent on the composition and operating conditions of the power system. Oscillograms of transient processes are presented, which illustrate the operation of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulbscales of oriental lily hybrid Star Gazer were used as the explants. Bulblets were formed on the basal portion of the excised bulbscales on MS medium supplemented with growth retardants, different sucrose concentrations and exposed to continuous light or dark. Alar, Cycocel and Paclobutrazol in concentration 1 mg dm−3 produced higher number of bulblets as compared to the control. The number of bulblets, however, decreased with the increase in concentration of the growth retardants. The number of bulblets was higher at 90 than at 60 g dm−3 sucrose and when the bulbscales were exposed to continuous light than to darkness. The growth retardants, higher sucrose concentration and continuous dark stimulated fresh mass of bulblets. The number of bulblets having roots and leaves decreased in medium with Alar, Cycocel and Paclobutrazol as compared to the control. A few bulblets produced roots and leaves in medium with 90 g dm−3 sucrose and none of the regenerated bulblets produced leaves under continuous dark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fate maps are essential to understand embryonic development; they provide a background for deducing maps of differential cellular specification in the context of other experimental data and molecular expression patterns. Due to its accessibility, the chick neural plate has been fate-mapped many times, albeit without complete agreement with respect to its shape, extent and fated subdivisions. In this review, we first comment about avian neural plate fate maps reported since the early period of experimental embryology, referring to the different methods followed. We next review a perfected fate-mapping methodology, which recently allowed us rather precise delimitation of the chick neural plate at stages 3d/4. This leads to a general discussion about the apparent border of the neural plate and the prospective main rostrocaudal and longitudinal divisions of the neural tube. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L., var. Badischer Burley) were treated with chemicals (sprays and soil drenches) known to affect sex expression in other species. Their effect was tested on sex balance, pollen sterility, embryogenic pollen grain (P‐grain) formation in situ, and on pollen plant formation in anther and pollen cultures after anther preculture. Napthalene acetic acid (NAA) increased the length of pistils and stamens and shifted sex balance towards femaleness when the plants were raised in long or short days at 24 or 15°C. In parallel, pollen sterility, P‐grain frequency in situ and pollen plant production from anther and pollen cultures were increased by NAA. Alar 85 reduced the length of pistils and stamens and shifted sex balance towards femaleness when the plants were raised in long days at 24°C, but shifted it towards maleness in short days and/or at 15°C. In parallel, pollen sterility, P‐grain frequency in situ, and pollen plant production in vitro were increased when plants in long days at 24°C were treated with Alar 85, but decreased when plants in short days and/or at 15°C were treated. Ethrel, Cycocel, and GA3 applied in a similar manner, were ineffective. Water sprays and nitrogen starvation shifted sex balance towards femaleness in long days at 15°C and increased pollen sterility, P‐grain frequency in situ and pollen plant production in vitro. At 24°C, water sprays and nitrogen starvation had no effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing concepts associated with quality, location, and time are integrated into a complete model, revealing the linkages between market window approaches and hedonic analysis. An integrated hedonic price model for the U.S. apple industry was estimated. Results suggest that size, storage method, grade, and seasonality are the most important influences on the price of apples. Area of apple origin and variety were the least important influences on apple prices, with the exception of the Granny Smith variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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