161 results on '"Zock PL"'
Search Results
2. TEA CONSUMPTION IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION: A META-ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED HUMAN INTERVENTION STUDIES: PP.23.416
- Author
-
Ras, R, primary, Draijer, R, additional, and Zock, PL, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy increase arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels in postmenopausal women
- Author
-
Giltay, EJ, primary, Duschek, EJ, additional, Katan, MB, additional, Zock, PL, additional, Neele, SJ, additional, and Netelenbos, JC, additional
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. ATP binding cassette G5 C1950G polymorphism may affect blood cholesterol concentrations in humans
- Author
-
Weggemans, RM, primary, Zock, PL, additional, Tai, ES, additional, Ordovas, JM, additional, Molhuizen, HOF, additional, and Katan, MB, additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Dietary oils, serum lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease
- Author
-
Katan, MB, primary, Zock, PL, additional, and Mensink, RP, additional
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Dietary trans fatty acids and lipoprotein cholesterol
- Author
-
Zock, PL, primary, Katan, MB, additional, and Mensink, RP, additional
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Positional distribution of fatty acids in dietary triglycerides: effects on fasting blood lipoprotein concentrations in humans
- Author
-
Zock, PL, primary, de Vries, JH, additional, de Fouw, NJ, additional, and Katan, MB, additional
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Effects of fats and fatty acids on blood lipids in humans: an overview
- Author
-
Katan, MB, primary, Zock, PL, additional, and Mensink, RP, additional
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Underestimation of energy intake by 3-d records compared with energy intake to maintain body weight in 269 nonobese adults
- Author
-
de Vries, JH, primary, Zock, PL, additional, Mensink, RP, additional, and Katan, MB, additional
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Effect of dietary cis and trans fatty acids on serum lipoprotein[a] levels in humans.
- Author
-
Mensink, RP, primary, Zock, PL, additional, Katan, MB, additional, and Hornstra, G, additional
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Hydrogenation alternatives: effects of trans fatty acids and stearic acid versus linoleic acid on serum lipids and lipoproteins in humans.
- Author
-
Zock, PL, primary and Katan, MB, additional
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Differences in fatty acid composition between cerebral brain lobes in juvenile pigs after fish oil feeding.
- Author
-
Dullemeijer C, Zock PL, Coronel R, Den Ruijter HM, Katan MB, Brummer RM, Kok FJ, Beekman J, and Brouwer IA
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid in humans is influenced by the absolute amounts of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the diet and not by their ratio.
- Author
-
Goyens PLL, Spilker ME, Zock PL, Katan MB, and Mensink RP
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Human in vivo data on dietary determinants of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) metabolism are scarce. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether intakes of ALA or linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) or their ratio influences ALA metabolism. DESIGN: During 4 wk, 29 subjects received a control diet (7% of energy from LA, 0.4% of energy from ALA, ALA-to-LA ratio = 1:19). For the next 6 wk, a control diet, a low-LA diet (3% of energy from LA, 0.4% of energy from ALA, ratio = 1:7), or a high-ALA diet (7% of energy from LA, 1.1% of energy from ALA, ratio = 1:7) was consumed. Ten days before the end of each dietary period, [U-(13)C]ALA was administered orally for 9 d. ALA oxidation was determined from breath. Conversion was estimated by using compartmental modeling of [(13)C]- and [(12)C]n-3 fatty acid concentrations in fasting plasma phospholipids. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, ALA incorporation into phospholipids increased by 3.6% in the low-LA group (P = 0.012) and decreased by 8.0% in the high-ALA group (P < 0.001). In absolute amounts, it increased by 34.3 mg (P = 0.020) in the low-LA group but hardly changed in the high-ALA group. Nearly all ALA from the plasma phospholipid pool was converted into eicosapentaenoic acid. Conversion of eicosapentaenoic acid into docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid hardly changed in the 3 groups and was <0.1% of dietary ALA. In absolute amounts, it was unchanged in the low-LA group, but increased from 0.7 to 1.9 mg (P = 0.001) in the high-ALA group. ALA oxidation was unchanged by the dietary interventions. CONCLUSION: The amounts of ALA and LA in the diet, but not their ratio, determine ALA conversion. Copyright © 2006 American Society for Nutrition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Effect of fish oil on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and death in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the Study on Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Ventricular Arrhythmia (SOFA) randomized trial.
- Author
-
Brouwer IA, Zock PL, Camm AJ, Böcker D, Hauer RNW, Wever EFD, Dullemeijer C, Ronden JE, Katan MB, Lubinski A, Buschler H, Schouten EG, SOFA (Study on Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Ventricular Arrhythmia) Study Group, Brouwer, Ingeborg A, Zock, Peter L, Camm, A John, Böcker, Dirk, Hauer, Richard N W, Wever, Eric F D, and Dullemeijer, Carla
- Abstract
Context: Very-long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) from fish are thought to reduce risk of sudden death, possibly by reducing susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmia.Objective: To study the effect of supplemental fish oil vs placebo on ventricular tachyarrhythmia or death.Design, Setting, and Patients: The Study on Omega-3 Fatty acids and ventricular Arrhythmia (SOFA) was a randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted at 26 cardiology clinics across Europe. A total of 546 patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and prior documented malignant ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) were enrolled between October 2001 and August 2004. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 2 g/d of fish oil (n = 273) or placebo (n = 273) for a median period of 356 days (range, 14-379 days).Main Outcome Measure: Appropriate ICD intervention for VT or VF, or all-cause death.Results: The primary end point occurred in 81 (30%) patients taking fish oil vs 90 (33%) patients taking placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.16; P = .33). In prespecified subgroup analyses, the HR was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.66-1.26) for fish oil vs placebo in the 411 patients who had experienced VT in the year before the study, and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.52-1.11) for 332 patients with prior myocardial infarctions.Conclusion: Our findings do not indicate evidence of a strong protective effect of intake of omega-3 PUFAs from fish oil against ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ICDs.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00110838. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Effect of fish oil on heart rate in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Author
-
Mozaffarian D, Geelen A, Brouwer IA, Geleijnse JM, Zock PL, and Katan MB
- Published
- 2005
16. Effect of n-3 fatty acids from fish on electrocardiographic characteristics in patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes.
- Author
-
Geelen A, Zock PL, Brouwer IA, Katan MB, Kors JA, van Eck HJR, and Schouten EG
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Effects of n-3 fatty acids from fish on premature ventricular complexes and heart rate in humans.
- Author
-
Geelen A, Brouwer IA, Schouten EG, Maan AC, Katan MB, and Zock PL
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: A large body of evidence suggests that n-3 fatty acids from fish prevent fatal heart disease. They may be an effective and safe alternative to drug treatment for reducing the risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of n-3 fatty acids on heart rate and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), a common form of arrhythmia that may trigger arrhythmias that are more life-threatening. DESIGN: Patients (n=84) with >or=1440 PVCs/24 h in a previous Holter recording were randomly assigned to receive 1.5 g/d of either n-3 fatty acids or placebo. Two 24-h Holter recordings were made at baseline, and 2 were made after an intervention of approximately 14 wk. RESULTS: Treatment did not significantly affect the number of PVCs. The number decreased in the fish-oil group by 867/24 h more than it decreased in placebo group (95% CI: -3187, 1453). However, the mean 24-h heart rate was significantly affected, decreasing in the fish-oil group by a mean of 2.1 beats/min more than it decreased in the placebo group (95% CI: -3.9, -0.3). CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with 1.5 g n-3 fatty acids/d from fish does not substantially suppress the number of PVCs in a patient population with frequent PVCs. However, n-3 fatty acids decreased heart rate by 2.1 beats/min, a significant decrease that predicts a Copyright © 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Consumption of fructooligosaccharides does not favorably affect blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Author
-
Alles MS, de Roos NM, Bakx JC, van de Lisdonk E, Zock PL, and Hautvast JGA
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fructooligosaccharides have been claimed to lower fasting glycemia and serum total cholesterol concentrations, possibly via effects of short-chain fatty acids produced during fermentation. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of fructooligosaccharides on blood glucose, serum lipids, and serum acetate in 20 patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: In a randomized, single-blind, crossover design, patients consumed either glucose as a placebo (4 g/d) or fructooligosaccharides (15 g/d) for 20 d each. Average daily intakes of energy, macronutrients, and dietary fiber were similar with both treatments. RESULTS: Compliance, expressed as the proportion of supplements not returned, was near 100% during both treatments. Fructooligosaccharides did not significantly affect fasting concentrations (mmol/L) of serum total cholesterol (95% CI: -0.07, 0.48), HDL cholesterol (-0.04, 0.04), LDL cholesterol (-0.06, 0.34), serum triacylglycerols (-0.21, 0.44), serum free fatty acids (-0.08, 0.04), serum acetate (-0.01, 0.01), or blood glucose (-0.37, 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 20 d of dietary supplementation with fructooligosaccharides had no major effect on blood glucose, serum lipids, or serum acetate in patients with type 2 diabetes. This lack of effect was not due to changes in dietary intake, insufficient statistical power, or noncompliance of the patients. Copyright (c) 1999 American Society for Clinical Nutrition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of the antioxidant flavonols quercetin and kaempferol as biomarkers for dietary intake.
- Author
-
de Vries JHM, Hollman PCH, Meyboom S, Buysman MNC, Zock PL, van Staveren WA, and Katan MB
- Abstract
Flavonols are antioxidants that may reduce the risk of heart disease. Two major flavonols in the diet are quercetin and kaempferol, and their main sources in The Netherlands are tea and onions. We investigated whether plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of quercetin and kaempferol in humans could be used as biomarkers of intake. We provided 15 subjects with strong black tea (1600 mL/d) or fried onions (129 g/d) for 3 d each in random order separated by a 4-d washout period. The tea provided 49 mg quercetin and 27 mg kaempferol daily and the onions provided 13 mg quercetin and no kaempferol. Flavonols from both foods were clearly absorbed. However, the excretion of unmodified quercetin was 0.5% of intake after tea and 1.1% after onions. Thus, the absorption of quercetin from tea was half of that from onions. The onion treatment was repeated 7-14 d later to estimate within-subject CVs as a measure of reproducibility when the same treatment is given twice. CVs for quercetin were 30% in plasma and 42% in urine. The magnitude of these variations relative to actual variations of approximately 60% between free-living subjects indicates that concentrations of quercetin in plasma and urine are applicable as biomarkers of its intake. We conclude that flavonols in plasma and urine reflect short-term flavonol intake and that they could be used as biomarkers to distinguish between high and low flavonol consumption in epidemiologic studies. Copyright (c) 1998 American Society for Clinical Nutrition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Trans fatty acids and their effects on lipoproteins in humans.
- Author
-
Katan MB, Zock PL, and Mensink R
- Published
- 1995
21. Association between n-3 fatty acid status in blood and electrocardiographic predictors of arrhythmia risk in healthy volunteers.
- Author
-
Brouwer IA, Zock PL, van Amelsvoort LGP, Katan MB, Schouten EG, Brouwer, Ingeborg A, Zock, Peter L, van Amelsvoort, Ludovic G P M, Katan, Martijn B, and Schouten, Evert G
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism -- pivot or puzzle?
- Author
-
Zock PL
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Moderate alcohol intake and mortality.
- Author
-
de Grott LCP and Zock PL
- Published
- 1998
24. Summary of the Scientific Conference on Dietary Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health
- Author
-
Penny Kris-Etherton, Stephen R. Daniels, Robert H. Eckel, Marguerite Engler, Barbara V. Howard, Ronald M. Krauss, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Frank Sacks, Sachiko St. Jeor, Meir Stampfer, Scott M. Grundy, Lawrence J. Appel, Tim Byers, Hannia Campos, Greg Cooney, Margo A. Denke, Eileen Kennedy, Peter Marckmann, Thomas A. Pearson, Gabriele Riccardi, Lawrence L. Rudel, Mike Rudrum, Daniel T. Stein, Russell P. Tracy, Virginia Ursin, Robert A. Vogel, Peter L. Zock, Terry L. Bazzarre, Julie Clark, Kris Etherton, P, Daniels, Sr, Eckel, Rh, Engler, M, Howard, Bv, Krauss, Rm, Lichtenstein, Ah, Sacks, F, St Jeor, S, Stampfer, M, Grundy, Sm, Appel, Lj, Byers, T, Campos, H, Cooney, G, Denke, Ma, Kennedy, E, Marckmann, P, Pearson, Ta, Riccardi, Gabriele, Rudel, Ll, Rudrum, M, Stein, Dt, Tracy, Rp, Ursin, V, Vogel, Ra, Zock, Pl, Bazzarre, Tl, and Clark, J.
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Executive summary ,business.industry ,Clinical study design ,Cardiovascular health ,Alternative medicine ,MEDLINE ,Context (language use) ,Disease ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Risk assessment - Abstract
The objective of this Executive Summary is to provide a synopsis of the research findings presented at the American Heart Association conference “Dietary Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health—Dietary Recommendations for Fatty Acids: Is There Ample Evidence?” held on June 5–6, 2000, in Reston, Va. The conference was held to summarize the current understanding of the effects of fatty acids on risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, as well as to identify gaps in our knowledge base that need to be addressed. There is great interest in learning more about the biological effects of the individual fatty acids, their role in chronic disease risk, and their underlying mechanisms of action. As research advances are made, there is always the need to question how new findings may be translated into practice. There is a long history of research providing the basis for the modification of existing dietary guidelines. Research findings have been used to verify intake criteria and are considered along with practical issues of implementation to establish new guidelines. A substantive body of consistent evidence sufficient to defend a dietary recommendation or a change in existing dietary guidance is essential. The conference highlighted the progress that has been made in understanding the biological effects of fatty acids and also addressed the need to learn more about how different fatty acids affect the risk of chronic disease, within the context of refining dietary guidance to further enhance health. As study designs have become increasingly rigorous, a number of megatrends have emerged from the data.1 2 There is increased emphasis on identifying the type of fat that best correlates with disease end points. The classic studies of Keys et al3 and Hegsted et al4 have shown that saturated fatty acids (ie, those with a carbon chain length of C12:0 …
- Published
- 2001
25. Replacing Foods with a High-Glycemic Index and High in Saturated Fat by Alternatives with a Low Glycemic Index and Low Saturated Fat Reduces Hepatic Fat, Even in Isocaloric and Macronutrient Matched Conditions.
- Author
-
Basset-Sagarminaga J, Roumans KHM, Havekes B, Mensink RP, Peters HPF, Zock PL, Mutsert R, Borén J, Lindeboom L, Schrauwen P, and Schrauwen-Hinderling VB
- Subjects
- Humans, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Fats metabolism, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Liver metabolism, Nutrients, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Glycemic Index, Fatty Acids metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Current guidelines aim to limit the dietary glycemic index (GI) and intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Several studies have shown favorable effects of low-GI or low-SFA diets on intrahepatic lipid content (IHL), but these studies were performed under overfeeding conditions or extreme differences in GI or SFA to maximize the contrast between diets. By combining changes in GI and SFA, we can mimic how people can improve their diet in a realistic setting., Objectives: We investigated the effect on liver fat content and substrate metabolism of both reducing GI and replacing SFA with polyunsaturated fat in practically realistic amounts under isocaloric conditions., Design and Methods: In a randomized crossover study, thirteen overweight participants consumed two diets, one high in GI and SFA (high GI/SFA) and one low in GI and SFA (low GI/SFA) with identical macronutrient composition, for two weeks each. Diets were equal in caloric content, consisted of habitual food items, and had a macronutrient composition that can be easily achieved in daily life. At the end of each intervention, IHL content/composition and liver glycogen were measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, fasted and postprandial hepatic de novo lipogenesis and glycemic and metabolic responses were investigated., Results: IHL was significantly lower (-28%) after the two-week low-GI/SFA diet (2.4 ± 0.5% 95% CI [1.4, 3.4]) than after the two-week high-GI/SFA diet (3.3 ± 0.6% 95% CI [1.9, 4.7], p < 0.05). Although hepatic glycogen content, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hepatic lipid composition, and substrate oxidation during the night were similar between the two diets, the glycemic response to the low-GI/SFA diet was reduced ( p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Changes in macronutrient quality can already have drastic effects on liver fat content and postprandial glycemia after two weeks and even when energy content and the percentage of total fat and carbohydrate remains unchanged.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Models predict change in plasma triglyceride concentrations and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid proportions in healthy participants after fish oil intervention.
- Author
-
Potter TIT, Horgan GW, Wanders AJ, Zandstra EH, Zock PL, Fisk HL, Minihane AM, Calder PC, Mathers JC, and de Roos B
- Abstract
Introduction: Substantial response heterogeneity is commonly seen in dietary intervention trials. In larger datasets, this variability can be exploited to identify predictors, for example genetic and/or phenotypic baseline characteristics, associated with response in an outcome of interest., Objective: Using data from a placebo-controlled crossover study (the FINGEN study), supplementing with two doses of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), the primary goal of this analysis was to develop models to predict change in concentrations of plasma triglycerides (TG), and in the plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) LC n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), after fish oil (FO) supplementation. A secondary goal was to establish if clustering of data prior to FO supplementation would lead to identification of groups of participants who responded differentially., Methods: To generate models for the outcomes of interest, variable selection methods (forward and backward stepwise selection, LASSO and the Boruta algorithm) were applied to identify suitable predictors. The final model was chosen based on the lowest validation set root mean squared error (RMSE) after applying each method across multiple imputed datasets. Unsupervised clustering of data prior to FO supplementation was implemented using k-medoids and hierarchical clustering, with cluster membership compared with changes in plasma TG and plasma PC EPA + DHA., Results: Models for predicting response showed a greater TG-lowering after 1.8 g/day EPA + DHA with lower pre-intervention levels of plasma insulin, LDL cholesterol, C20:3 n -6 and saturated fat consumption, but higher pre-intervention levels of plasma TG, and serum IL-10 and VCAM-1. Models also showed greater increases in plasma PC EPA + DHA with age and female sex. There were no statistically significant differences in PC EPA + DHA and TG responses between baseline clusters., Conclusion: Our models established new predictors of response in TG (plasma insulin, LDL cholesterol, C20:3n-6, saturated fat consumption, TG, IL-10 and VCAM-1) and in PC EPA + DHA (age and sex) upon intervention with fish oil. We demonstrate how application of statistical methods can provide new insights for precision nutrition, by predicting participants who are most likely to respond beneficially to nutritional interventions., Competing Interests: Authors AW and EZ were employed by the Unilever Foods Innovation Centre Wageningen, which markets food products. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Potter, Horgan, Wanders, Zandstra, Zock, Fisk, Minihane, Calder, Mathers and de Roos.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Dietary and Circulating Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mortality Risk After Myocardial Infarction: A Long-Term Follow-Up of the Alpha Omega Cohort.
- Author
-
Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, de Goede J, Zock PL, Kromhout D, and Geleijnse JM
- Subjects
- Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Risk Assessment, Dietary Fats adverse effects, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 adverse effects, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 blood, Myocardial Infarction mortality
- Abstract
Background Habitual intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) from fish, has been associated with a lower risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) in population-based studies. Whether that is also the case for patients with CHD is not yet clear. We studied the associations of dietary and circulating EPA+DHA and alpha-linolenic acid, a plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids, with long-term mortality risk after myocardial infarction. Methods and Results We analyzed data from 4067 Dutch patients with prior myocardial infarction aged 60 to 80 years (79% men, 86% on statins) enrolled in the Alpha Omega Cohort from 2002 to 2006 (baseline) and followed through 2018. Baseline intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids were assessed through a validated 203-item food frequency questionnaire and circulating omega-3 fatty acids were assessed in plasma cholesteryl esters. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were obtained from Cox regression analyses. During a median follow-up period of 12 years, 1877 deaths occurred, of which 515 were from CHD and 834 from cardiovascular diseases. Dietary intake of EPA+DHA was significantly inversely associated with only CHD mortality (HR, 0.69 [0.52-0.90] for >200 versus ≤50 mg/d; HR, 0.92 [0.86-0.98] per 100 mg/d). Similar results were obtained for fish consumption (HR
CHD , 0.74 [0.53-1.03] for >40 versus ≤5 g/d; Ptrend : 0.031). Circulating EPA+DHA was inversely associated with CHD mortality (HR, 0.71 [0.53-0.94] for >2.52% versus ≤1.29%; 0.85 [0.77-0.95] per 1-SD) and also with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Dietary and circulating alpha-linolenic acid were not significantly associated with mortality end points. Conclusions In a cohort of Dutch patients with prior myocardial infarction, higher dietary and circulating EPA+DHA and fish intake were consistently associated with a lower CHD mortality risk. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03192410.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Relation Between Adult Weight Gain, Adipocyte Volume, and the Metabolic Profile at Middle Age.
- Author
-
Verkouter I, Noordam R, Loh NY, van Dijk KW, Zock PL, Mook-Kanamori DO, le Cessie S, Rosendaal FR, Karpe F, Christodoulides C, and de Mutsert R
- Subjects
- Abdominal Fat pathology, Aging, Biopsy, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins blood, Male, Metabolomics methods, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Obesity epidemiology, Adipocytes pathology, Metabolome physiology, Weight Gain physiology
- Abstract
Context: Weight gain during adulthood increases cardiometabolic disease risk, possibly through adipocyte hypertrophy., Objective: We aimed to study the specific metabolomic profile of adult weight gain, and to examine its association with adipocyte volume., Methods: Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics were measured in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study (n = 6347, discovery) and Oxford Biobank (n = 6317, replication). Adult weight gain was calculated as the absolute difference between body mass index (BMI) at middle age and recalled BMI at age 20 years. We performed linear regression analyses with both exposures BMI at age 20 years and weight gain, and separately with BMI at middle age in relation to 149 serum metabolomic measures, adjusted for age, sex, and multiple testing. Additionally, subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte biopsies were collected in a subset of the Oxford Biobank (n = 114) to estimate adipocyte volume., Results: Mean (SD) weight gain was 4.5 (3.7) kg/m2 in the NEO study and 3.6 (3.7) kg/m2 in the Oxford Biobank. Weight gain, and not BMI at age 20 nor middle age, was associated with concentrations of 7 metabolomic measures after successful replication, which included polyunsaturated fatty acids, small to medium low-density lipoproteins, and total intermediate-density lipoprotein. One SD weight gain was associated with 386 μm3 (95% CI, 143-629) higher median adipocyte volume. Adipocyte volume was associated with lipoprotein particles specific for adult weight gain., Conclusion: Adult weight gain is associated with specific metabolomic alterations of which the higher lipoprotein concentrations were likely contributed by larger adipocyte volumes, presumably linking weight gain to cardiometabolic disease., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Effects of two consecutive mixed meals high in palmitic acid or stearic acid on 8-h postprandial lipemia and glycemia in healthy-weight and overweight men and postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.
- Author
-
van Rooijen MA, Plat J, Zock PL, Blom WAM, and Mensink RP
- Subjects
- Blood Glucose, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Fats, Female, Humans, Male, Meals, Overweight, Postmenopause, Postprandial Period, Stearic Acids, Triglycerides, Hyperlipidemias, Palmitic Acid
- Abstract
Purpose: Palmitic and stearic acids have different effects on fasting serum lipoproteins. However, the effects on postprandial lipemia and glycemia are less clear. Also, the effects of a second meal may differ from those of the first meal. Therefore, we studied the effects of two consecutive mixed meals high in palmitic acid- or stearic acid-rich fat blends on postprandial lipemia and glycemia., Methods: In a randomized, crossover study, 32 participants followed 4-week diets rich in palmitic or stearic acids, At the end of each dietary period, participants consumed two consecutive meals each containing ± 50 g of the corresponding fat blend., Results: Postprandial concentrations of triacylglycerol (diet-effect: - 0.18 mmol/L; p = 0.001) and apolipoprotein B48 (diet-effect: - 0.68 mg/L; p = 0.002) were lower after stearic-acid than after palmitic-acid intake. Consequently, total (iAUC
0-8 h ) and first meal (iAUC0-4 h ) responses were lower after stearic-acid intake (p ≤ 0.01). Second meal responses (iAUC4-8 h ) were not different. Postprandial changes between the diets in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and C-peptide differed significantly over time (p < 0.001 and p = 0.020 for diet*time effects, respectively), while those for glucose and insulin did not. The dAUC0-8 h , dAUC0-4 h , and dAUC4-8 h for NEFA were larger after stearic-acid intake (p ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed in the iAUCs of C-peptide, glucose, and insulin. However, second meal responses for glucose and insulin (iAUC4-8 h) tended to be lower after stearic-acid intake (p < 0.10)., Conclusion: Consumption of the stearic acid-rich meals lowered postprandial lipemia as compared with palmitic acid. After the second stearic acid-rich meal, concentrations of C-peptide peaked earlier and those of NEFA decreased more. Clinical trial registry This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02835651 on July 18, 2016., (© 2021. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Effects of dietary macronutrients on liver fat content in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Author
-
Winters-van Eekelen E, Verkouter I, Peters HPF, Alssema M, de Roos BG, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Roumans KHM, Schoones JW, Zock PL, Schrauwen P, Rosendaal FR, Dekkers OM, and de Mutsert R
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Liver, Nutrients, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates
- Abstract
Dietary macronutrient composition may affect hepatic liver content and its associated diseases, but the results from human intervention trials have been equivocal or underpowered. We aimed to assess the effects of dietary macronutrient composition on liver fat content by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and COCHRANE Library) were systematically searched for trials with isocaloric diets evaluating the effect of dietary macronutrient composition (energy percentages of fat, carbohydrates, and protein, and their specific types) on liver fat content as assessed by magnetic resonance techniques, computed tomography or liver biopsy. Data on change in liver fat content were pooled by random or fixed-effects meta-analyses and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). We included 26 randomized controlled trials providing data for 32 comparisons on dietary macronutrient composition. Replacing dietary fat with carbohydrates did not result in changes in liver fat (12 comparisons, SMD 0.01 (95% CI -0.36; 0.37)). Unsaturated fat as compared with saturated fat reduced liver fat content (4 comparisons, SMD -0.80 (95% CI -1.09; -0.51)). Replacing carbohydrates with protein reduced liver fat content (5 comparisons, SMD -0.33 (95% CI -0.54; -0.12)). Our meta-analyses showed that replacing carbohydrates with total fat on liver fat content was not effective, while replacing carbohydrates with proteins and saturated fat with unsaturated fat was. More well-performed and well-described studies on the effect of types of carbohydrates and proteins on liver fat content are needed, especially studies comparing proteins with fats.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Dietary stearic acid and palmitic acid do not differently affect ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity in healthy men and postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial.
- Author
-
van Rooijen MA, Plat J, Blom WAM, Zock PL, and Mensink RP
- Subjects
- Blood Glucose analysis, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins blood, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Insulin blood, Male, Middle Aged, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 metabolism, Cholesterol metabolism, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Palmitic Acid administration & dosage, Postmenopause, Stearic Acids administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: The saturated fatty acid stearic acid (C18:0) lowers HDL cholesterol compared with palmitic acid (C16:0). However, the ability of HDL particles to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages (cholesterol efflux capacity; CEC) may better predict coronary heart disease (CHD) risk than HDL cholesterol concentrations., Objective: We examined effects of exchanging dietary palmitic acid for stearic acid on ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated CEC, and other conventional and emerging cardiometabolic risk makers., Design: In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study with two 4-week isocaloric intervention periods, 34 healthy men and postmenopausal women (61.5 ± 5.7 years, BMI: 25.4 ± 2.5 kg/m
2 ) followed diets rich in palmitic acids or stearic acids. Difference in intakes was 6% of daily energy. ABCA1-mediated CEC was measured from J774 macrophages to apolipoprotein (apo)B-depleted serum., Results: Compared with the palmitic-acid diet, the stearic-acid diet lowered serum LDL cholesterol (-0.14 mmol/L; p = 0.010), HDL cholesterol (-0.09 mmol/L; p=<0.001), and apoA1 (-0.05 g/L; p < 0.001). ABCA1-mediated CEC did not differ between diets (p = 0.280). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mass was higher on stearic acid (0.11 mg/L; p = 0.003), but CETP activity was comparable. ApoB100 did not differ, but triacylglycerol concentrations tended to be higher on stearic acid (p = 0.100). Glucose concentrations were comparable. Effects on insulin and C-peptide were sex-dependent. In women, the stearic-acid diet increased insulin concentrations (1.57 μU/mL; p = 0.002), while in men, C-peptide concentrations were lower (-0.15 ng/mL; p = 0.037). Interleukin 6 (0.15 pg/mL; p = 0.039) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (0.18 pg/mL; p = 0.005), but not high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, were higher on stearic acid. Soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (9 ng/mL; p = 0.033), but not soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule and endothelial-selectin concentrations decreased after stearic-acid consumption., Conclusions: As expected, stearic-acid intake lowered LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and apoA1. Insulin sensitivity in women and low-grade inflammation might be unfavorably affected by stearic-acid intake. However, palmitic-acid and stearic-acid intakes did not differently affect ABCA1-mediated CEC., Clinical Trial Registry: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02835651., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Associations of linoleic acid with markers of glucose metabolism and liver function in South African adults.
- Author
-
Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, Geleijnse JM, Zock PL, Wanders AJ, Kruger HS, van Zyl T, Kruger IM, and Smuts CM
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Black People genetics, Female, Glucose genetics, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Humans, Linoleic Acid administration & dosage, Liver drug effects, Liver Diseases blood, Liver Diseases diet therapy, Liver Diseases epidemiology, Liver Diseases pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Phospholipids blood, South Africa epidemiology, gamma-Glutamyltransferase blood, Biomarkers blood, Glucose metabolism, Linoleic Acid blood, Liver metabolism
- Abstract
Background: The relation between dietary and circulating linoleic acid (18:2 n-6, LA), glucose metabolism and liver function is not yet clear. Associations of dietary and circulating LA with glucose metabolism and liver function markers were investigated., Methods: Cross-sectional analyses in 633 black South Africans (aged > 30 years, 62% female, 51% urban) without type 2 diabetes at baseline of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. A cultural-sensitive 145-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary data, including LA (percentage of energy; en%). Blood samples were collected to measure circulating LA (% total fatty acids (FA); plasma phospholipids), plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Associations per 1 standard deviation (SD) and in tertiles were analyzed using multivariable regression., Results: Mean (±SD) dietary and circulating LA was 6.8 (±3.1) en% and 16.0 (±3.5) % total FA, respectively. Dietary and circulating LA were not associated with plasma glucose or HbA1c (β per 1 SD: - 0.005 to 0.010, P > 0.20). Higher dietary LA was generally associated with lower serum liver enzymes levels. One SD higher circulating LA was associated with 22% lower serum GGT (β (95% confidence interval): - 0.25 (- 0.31, - 0.18), P < 0.001), but only ≤9% lower for ALT and AST. Circulating LA and serum GGT associations differed by alcohol use and locality., Conclusion: Dietary and circulating LA were inversely associated with markers of impaired liver function, but not with glucose metabolism. Alcohol use may play a role in the association between LA and liver function., Trial Registration: PURE North-West Province South Africa study described in this manuscript is part of the PURE study. The PURE study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03225586; URL).
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Plasma and Dietary Linoleic Acid and 3-Year Risk of Type 2 Diabetes After Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort.
- Author
-
Pertiwi K, Wanders AJ, Harbers MC, Küpers LK, Soedamah-Muthu SS, de Goede J, Zock PL, and Geleijnse JM
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers blood, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diet, Dietary Fats blood, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology, Nutrition Surveys, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Trans Fatty Acids administration & dosage, Trans Fatty Acids blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Linoleic Acid administration & dosage, Linoleic Acid blood, Myocardial Infarction blood, Myocardial Infarction complications
- Abstract
Objective: To study plasma and dietary linoleic acid (LA) in relation to type 2 diabetes risk in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients., Research Design and Methods: We included 3,257 patients aged 60-80 years (80% male) with a median time since MI of 3.5 years from the Alpha Omega Cohort and who were initially free of type 2 diabetes. At baseline (2002-2006), plasma LA was measured in cholesteryl esters, and dietary LA was estimated with a 203-item food-frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was ascertained through self-reported physician diagnosis and medication use. Hazard ratios (with 95% CIs) were calculated by Cox regressions, in which dietary LA isocalorically replaced the sum of saturated (SFA) and trans fatty acids (TFA)., Results: Mean ± SD circulating and dietary LA was 50.1 ± 4.9% and 5.9 ± 2.1% energy, respectively. Plasma and dietary LA were weakly correlated (Spearman r = 0.13, P < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 41 months, 171 patients developed type 2 diabetes. Plasma LA was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk (quintile [Q]5 vs. Q1: 0.44 [0.26, 0.75]; per 5%: 0.73 [0.62, 0.86]). Substitution of dietary LA for SFA+TFA showed no association with type 2 diabetes risk (Q5 vs. Q1: 0.78 [0.36, 1.72]; per 5% energy: 1.18 [0.59, 2.35]). Adjustment for markers of de novo lipogenesis attenuated plasma LA associations., Conclusions: In our cohort of post-MI patients, plasma LA was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk, whereas dietary LA was not related. Further research is needed to assess whether plasma LA indicates metabolic state rather than dietary LA in these patients., (© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Associations of dairy and fiber intake with circulating odd-chain fatty acids in post-myocardial infarction patients.
- Author
-
Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, Wanders AJ, de Goede J, Zock PL, and Geleijnse JM
- Abstract
Background: Circulating odd-chain fatty acids pentadecanoic (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) are considered to reflect dairy intake. In cohort studies, higher circulating 15:0 and 17:0 were associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. A recent randomized controlled trial in humans suggested that fiber intake also increased circulating 15:0 and 17:0, potentially resulting from fermentation by gut microbes. We examined the associations of dairy and fiber intake with circulating 15:0 and 17:0 in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI)., Methods: We performed cross-sectional analyses in a subsample of 869 Dutch post-MI patients of the Alpha Omega Cohort who had data on dietary intake and circulating fatty acids. Dietary intakes (g/d) were assessed using a 203-item food frequency questionnaire. Circulating 15:0 and 17:0 (as % of total fatty acids) were measured in plasma phospholipids (PL) and cholesteryl esters (CE). Spearman correlations ( r
s ) were computed between intakes of total dairy, dairy fat, fiber, and circulating 15:0 and 17:0., Results: Patients were on average 69 years old, 78% was male and 21% had diabetes. Total dairy intake comprised predominantly milk and yogurt (69%). Dairy fat was mainly derived from cheese (47%) and milk (15%), and fiber was mainly from grains (43%). Circulating 15:0 in PL was significantly correlated with total dairy and dairy fat intake (both rs = 0.19, p < 0.001), but not with dietary fiber intake ( r = 0.11). Circulating 17:0 in PL was correlated both with dairy intake (s = 0.05, p = 0.11). Circulating 17:0 in PL was correlated both with dairy intake ( rs = 0.14 for total dairy and 0.11 for dairy fat, p < 0.001), and fiber intake ( rs = 0.19, p < 0.001). Results in CE were roughly similar, except for a weaker correlation of CE 17:0 with fiber ( rs = 0.11, p = 0.001). Circulating 15:0 was highest in those with high dairy intake irrespective of fiber intake, while circulating 17:0 was highest in those with high dairy and fiber intake., Conclusions: In our cohort of post-MI patients, circulating 15:0 was associated with dairy intake but not fiber intake, whereas circulating 17:0 was associated with both dairy and fiber intake. These data suggest that cardiometabolic health benefits previously attributed to 17:0 as a biomarker of dairy intake may partly be explained by fiber intake., Competing Interests: Competing interestsAJW and PLZ are employed at Unilever R&D, The Netherlands; JMG received financial support from Unilever for epidemiological studies of dietary and circulating fatty acids; KP, LKK, JdG, no competing interest., (© The Author(s). 2019.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Expert consensus and evidence-based recommendations for the assessment of flow-mediated dilation in humans.
- Author
-
Thijssen DHJ, Bruno RM, van Mil ACCM, Holder SM, Faita F, Greyling A, Zock PL, Taddei S, Deanfield JE, Luscher T, Green DJ, and Ghiadoni L
- Subjects
- Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases pathology, Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology, Consensus, Dilatation, Pathologic diagnosis, Dilatation, Pathologic pathology, Dilatation, Pathologic physiopathology, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Endothelium, Vascular physiopathology, Humans, Middle Aged, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Blood Flow Velocity physiology, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular
- Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is involved in the development of atherosclerosis, which precedes asymptomatic structural vascular alterations as well as clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelial function can be assessed non-invasively using the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique. Flow-mediated dilation represents an endothelium-dependent, largely nitric oxide (NO)-mediated dilatation of conduit arteries in response to an imposed increase in blood flow and shear stress. Flow-mediated dilation is affected by cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, relates to coronary artery endothelial function, and independently predicts CVD outcome. Accordingly, FMD is a tool for examining the pathophysiology of CVD and possibly identifying subjects at increased risk for future CV events. Moreover, it has merit in examining the acute and long-term impact of physiological and pharmacological interventions in humans. Despite concerns about its reproducibility, the available evidence shows that highly reliable FMD measurements can be achieved when specialized laboratories follow standardized protocols. For this purpose, updated expert consensus guidelines for the performance of FMD are presented, which are based on critical appraisal of novel technical approaches, development of analysis software, and studies exploring the physiological principles underlying the technique. Uniformity in FMD performance will (i) improve comparability between studies, (ii) contribute to construction of reference values, and (iii) offer an easy accessible and early marker of atherosclerosis that could complement clinical symptoms of structural arterial disease and facilitate early diagnosis and prediction of CVD outcomes., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2019. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Associations Between Linoleic Acid Intake and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among U.S. Men and Women.
- Author
-
Zong G, Liu G, Willett WC, Wanders AJ, Alssema M, Zock PL, Hu FB, and Sun Q
- Subjects
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology, Diet Surveys, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Trans Fatty Acids adverse effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diet adverse effects, Dietary Fats adverse effects, Linoleic Acids adverse effects
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between intakes of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and type 2 diabetes risk in three prospective cohort studies of U.S. men and women., Research Design and Methods: We followed 83,648 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1980-2012), 88,610 women from NHSII (1991-2013), and 41,771 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) (1986-2012). Dietary data were collected every 2-4 years by using validated food-frequency questionnaires. Self-reported incident diabetes, identified biennially, was confirmed by using a validated supplementary questionnaire., Results: During 4.93 million person-years of follow-up, 18,442 type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Dietary n-6 PUFAs accounted for 4.4-6.8% of total energy, on average, and consisted primarily of linoleic acid (LA) (≥98%). In multivariate-adjusted models, hazard ratios (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes risk comparing extreme n-6 PUFA quintiles (highest vs. lowest) were 0.91 (0.85, 0.96) ( P
trend = 0.002) for total n-6 PUFAs and 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) ( Ptrend = 0.01) for LA. In an isocaloric substitution model, diabetes risk was 14% (95% CI 5%, 21%) ( P = 0.002) lower when LA isocalorically replaced saturated fats (5% of energy), 17% (95% CI 9%, 24%) ( P < 0.001) lower for trans fats (2% of energy), or 9% (95% CI 17%, 0.1%) ( P = 0.047) lower for carbohydrates (5% of energy). Replacing n-3 PUFAs or monounsaturated fats with LA was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk., Conclusions: Our study provides additional evidence that LA intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, especially when replacing saturated fatty acids, trans fats, or carbohydrates., (© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Associations of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids From Plant and Animal Sources With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in Two US Prospective Cohort Studies.
- Author
-
Guasch-Ferré M, Zong G, Willett WC, Zock PL, Wanders AJ, Hu FB, and Sun Q
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases mortality, Diet Surveys, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Carbohydrates adverse effects, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Energy Intake, Fatty Acids administration & dosage, Fatty Acids adverse effects, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated administration & dosage, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms mortality, Plant Oils administration & dosage, Plant Oils chemistry, Plants, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, United States, Cause of Death, Dietary Fats adverse effects, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated adverse effects
- Abstract
Rationale: Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) can come from both plant and animal sources with divergent nutrient profiles that may potentially obscure the associations of total MUFAs with chronic diseases., Objective: To investigate the associations of cis-MUFA intake from plant (MUFA-P) and animal (MUFA-A) sources with total and cause-specific mortality., Methods and Results: We followed 63 412 women from the NHS (Nurses' Health Study; 1990-2012) and 29 966 men from the HPFS (Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; 1990-2012). MUFA-Ps and MUFA-As were calculated based on data collected through validated food frequency questionnaires administered every 4 years and updated food composition databases. During 1 896 864 person-years of follow-up, 20 672 deaths occurred. Total MUFAs and MUFA-Ps were inversely associated with total mortality after adjusting for potential confounders, whereas MUFA-As were associated with higher mortality. When MUFA-Ps were modeled to isocalorically replace other macronutrients, hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CIs) of total mortality were 0.84 (0.77-0.92; P<0.001) for replacing saturated fatty acids, 5% of energy); 0.86 (0.82-0.91; P<0.001) for replacing refined carbohydrates (5% energy); 0.91 (0.85-0.97; P<0.001) for replacing trans fats (2% energy), and 0.77 (0.71-0.82; P<0.001) for replacing MUFA-As (5% energy). For isocalorically replacing MUFA-As with MUFA-Ps, HRs (95% CIs) were 0.74 (0.64-0.86; P<0.001) for cardiovascular mortality; 0.73 (0.65-0.82; P<0.001) for cancer mortality, and 0.82 (0.73-0.91; P<0.001) for mortality because of other causes., Conclusions: Higher intake of MUFA-Ps was associated with lower total mortality, and MUFA-As intake was associated with higher mortality. Significantly lower mortality risk was observed when saturated fatty acids, refined carbohydrates, or trans fats were replaced by MUFA-Ps, but not MUFA-As. These data suggest that other constituents in animal foods, such as saturated fatty acids, may confound the associations for MUFAs when they are primarily derived from animal products. More evidence is needed to elucidate the differential associations of MUFA-Ps and MUFA-As with mortality.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Circulating n-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid as indicators of dietary fatty acid intake in post-myocardial infarction patients.
- Author
-
Pertiwi K, Kok DE, Wanders AJ, de Goede J, Zock PL, and Geleijnse JM
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking blood, Biomarkers blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Records, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction drug therapy, Netherlands, Prospective Studies, Docosahexaenoic Acids blood, Eicosapentaenoic Acid blood, Feeding Behavior, Linoleic Acid blood, Myocardial Infarction blood
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Population-based studies often use plasma fatty acids (FAs) as objective indicators of FA intake, especially for n-3 FA and linoleic acid (LA). The relation between dietary and circulating FA in cardiometabolic patients is largely unknown. We examined whether dietary n-3 FA and LA were reflected in plasma lipid pools in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients., Methods and Results: Patients in Alpha Omega Cohort filled out a 203-item food-frequency questionnaire from which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and LA intake were calculated. Circulating individual FA (% total FA) were assessed in cholesteryl esters (CE; n = 4066), phospholipids (PL; n = 838), and additionally in total plasma for DHA and LA (n = 739). Spearman correlation coefficients (r
s ) were calculated for dietary vs. circulating FA. Circulating FA were also compared across dietary FA quintiles, overall and in subgroups by sex, obesity, diabetes, statin use, and high alcohol intake. Patients were on average 69 years old and 79% was male. Moderate correlations between dietary and circulating levels were observed for EPA (rs ∼0.4 in CE and PL) and DHA (rs ∼0.5 in CE and PL, ∼0.4 in total plasma), but not for ALA (rs ∼0.0). Weak correlations were observed for LA (rs 0.1 to 0.2). Plasma LA was significantly lower in statin users and in patients with a high alcohol intake., Conclusions: In post-MI patients, dietary EPA and DHA were well reflected in circulating levels. This was not the case for LA, which may partly be influenced by alcohol use and statins., (Copyright © 2019 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids and markers of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled feeding trials.
- Author
-
Wanders AJ, Blom WAM, Zock PL, Geleijnse JM, Brouwer IA, and Alssema M
- Subjects
- Biomarkers metabolism, Blood Glucose, Fatty Acids metabolism, Fatty Acids pharmacology, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated metabolism, Humans, Insulin blood, Plants, Edible chemistry, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Diet, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated pharmacology, Glucose metabolism, Insulin Resistance
- Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Scopus and PubMed databases were searched until January 2018. Eligible studies were randomized controlled feeding trials that investigated the effects of a diet high in plant-derived PUFA as compared with saturated fatty acids (SFA) or carbohydrates and measured markers of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance as outcomes. Data from 13 relevant studies (19 comparisons of plant-derived PUFA with control) were retrieved. Plant-derived PUFA did not significantly affect fasting glucose (-0.01 mmol/L (95 % CI - 0.06 to 0.03 mmol/L)), but lowered fasting insulin by 2.6 pmol/L (-4.9 to -0.2 pmol/L) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by 0.12 units (-0.23 to - 0.01 units). In dose-response analyses, a 5% increase in energy (En%) from PUFA significantly reduced insulin by 5.8 pmol/L (95% CI -10.2 to -1.3 pmol/L), but not glucose (change -0.07, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.04 mmol/L) and HOMA-IR (change - 0.24, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.07 units). In subgroup analyses, studies with higher PUFA dose (upper tertiles) reduced insulin (-6.7, -10.5 to -2.9 pmol/L) and HOMA-IR (-0.28, -0.45 to -0.12 units), but not glucose (-0.09, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.01 mmol/L), as compared with an isocaloric control. Subgroup analyses showed no differences in effects between SFA and carbohydrates as replacement nutrients (p interaction ≥0.05). Evidence from randomized controlled trials indicated that plant-derived PUFA as an isocaloric replacement for SFA or carbohydrates probably reduces fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in populations without diabetes., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: AJW, WAMB, PLZ, MA are employed by Unilever, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands. Unilever markets food products made of vegetable oils such as dressings. Unilever has divested its spreads business, which is since July 2, 2018 operating under the name Upfield™. JMG received research funding from Unilever for studies on fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. IAB supervises a student whose project is partly funded by Unilever.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Effect of α-linolenic acid on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in untreated high-normal and stage I hypertensive subjects.
- Author
-
Pieters DJ, Zock PL, Fuchs D, and Mensink RP
- Subjects
- Aged, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Double-Blind Method, Fatty Acids blood, Female, Humans, Linseed Oil administration & dosage, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity physiopathology, Overweight physiopathology, Phospholipids blood, Placebos, alpha-Linolenic Acid pharmacology, Blood Pressure drug effects, Hypertension physiopathology, alpha-Linolenic Acid administration & dosage
- Abstract
Results of intervention studies on the effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA; C18 : 3n-3) on blood pressure (BP) are conflicting. Discrepancies between studies may be due to differences in study population, as subjects with increased baseline BP levels may be more responsive. Therefore, we examined specifically the effects of ALA on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in (pre-)hypertensive subjects. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled parallel study, fifty-nine overweight and obese adults (forty males and nineteen females) with (pre-)hypertension (mean age of 60 (sd 8) years) received daily 10 g refined cold-pressed flaxseed oil, providing 4·7 g (approximately 2 % of energy) ALA (n 29) or 10 g of high-oleic sunflower oil as control (n 30) for 12 weeks. Compliance was excellent as indicated by vial count and plasma phospholipid fatty-acid composition. Compared with control, the changes of -1·4 mmHg in mean arterial pressure (MAP; 24 h ABP) after flaxseed oil intake (95 % CI -4·8, 2·0 mmHg, P=0·40) of -1·5 mmHg in systolic BP (95 % CI -6·0, 3·0 mmHg, P=0·51) and of -1·4 mmHg in diastolic BP (95 % CI -4·2, 1·4 mmHg, P=0·31) were not statistically significant. Also, no effects were found for office BP and for MAP, systolic BP, and diastolic BP when daytime and night-time BP were analysed separately and for night-time dipping. In conclusion, high intake of ALA, about 3-5 times recommended daily intakes, for 12 weeks does not significantly affect BP in subjects with (pre-)hypertension.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Monounsaturated fats from plant and animal sources in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among US men and women.
- Author
-
Zong G, Li Y, Sampson L, Dougherty LW, Willett WC, Wanders AJ, Alssema M, Zock PL, Hu FB, and Sun Q
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Animals, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Exercise, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Assessment, Plant Oils chemistry, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Trans Fatty Acids administration & dosage, United States epidemiology, Coronary Disease epidemiology, Coronary Disease prevention & control, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) improve blood lipid profiles in intervention studies, but prospective evidence with regard to MUFA intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk is limited and controversial., Objective: We investigated the associations of cis MUFA intake from plant (MUFA-P) and animal (MUFA-A) sources with CHD risk separately among 63,442 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1990-2012) and 29,942 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1990-2012)., Design: Intakes of MUFA-Ps and MUFA-As were calculated by using validated food-frequency questionnaires collected every 4 y. Incident nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD cases (n = 4419) were confirmed by medical record review., Results: During follow-up, MUFA-Ps and MUFA-As contributed 5.8-7.9% and 4.2-5.4% of energy on average, respectively. When MUFA-Ps were modeled to isocalorically replace other macronutrients, HRs (95% CIs) of CHD were 0.83 (0.68, 1.00) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 5% of energy), 0.86 (0.76, 0.97) for refined carbohydrates (5% of energy), and 0.80 (0.70, 0.91) for trans fats (2% of energy) (P = 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively). For MUFA-As, corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for the same isocaloric substitutions were 1.04 (0.79, 1.38) for SFAs, 1.11 (0.91, 1.35) for refined carbohydrates, and 0.88 (0.77, 1.01) for trans fats (P = 0.76, 0.31, and 0.08, respectively). Given the common food sources of SFAs and MUFA-As (Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.81-0.83 between these groups of fatty acids), we further estimated CHD risk when the sum of MUFA-As and SFAs (5% of energy) was replaced by MUFA-Ps, and found that the HR was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.90; P < 0.001) for this replacement., Conclusions: The largely different associations of MUFA-Ps and MUFA-As with CHD risk suggest that plant-based foods are the preferable sources of MUFAs for CHD prevention. These findings are observational and warrant confirmation in intervention settings. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005152 and NCT00005182.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Size and shape of the associations of glucose, HbA 1c , insulin and HOMA-IR with incident type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study.
- Author
-
Ruijgrok C, Dekker JM, Beulens JW, Brouwer IA, Coupé VMH, Heymans MW, Sijtsma FPC, Mela DJ, Zock PL, Olthof MR, and Alssema M
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Biomarkers blood, Biomarkers metabolism, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Fasting blood, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance physiology, Male, Middle Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Insulin metabolism
- Abstract
Aims/hypothesis: Glycaemic markers and fasting insulin are frequently measured outcomes of intervention studies. To extrapolate accurately the impact of interventions on the risk of diabetes incidence, we investigated the size and shape of the associations of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h post-load glucose (2hPG), HbA
1c , fasting insulin and HOMA-IR with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus., Methods: The study population included 1349 participants aged 50-75 years without diabetes at baseline (1989) from a population-based cohort in Hoorn, the Netherlands. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined by the WHO 2011 criteria or known diabetes at follow-up. Logistic regression models were used to determine the associations of the glycaemic markers, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR with incident type 2 diabetes. Restricted cubic spline logistic regressions were conducted to investigate the shape of the associations., Results: After a mean follow-up duration of 6.4 (SD 0.5) years, 152 participants developed diabetes (11.3%); the majority were screen detected by high FPG. In multivariate adjusted models, ORs (95% CI) for incident type 2 diabetes for the highest quintile in comparison with the lowest quintile were 9.0 (4.4, 18.5) for FPG, 6.1 (2.9, 12.7) for 2hPG, 3.8 (2.0, 7.2) for HbA1c , 1.9 (0.9, 3.6) for fasting insulin and 2.8 (1.4, 5.6) for HOMA-IR. The associations of FPG and HbA1c with incident diabetes were non-linear, rising more steeply at higher values., Conclusions/interpretation: FPG was most strongly associated with incident diabetes, followed by 2hPG, HbA1c , HOMA-IR and fasting insulin. The strong association with FPG is probably because FPG is the most frequent marker for diabetes diagnosis. Non-linearity of associations between glycaemic markers and incident type 2 diabetes should be taken into account when estimating future risk of type 2 diabetes based on glycaemic markers.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Biomarkers for Dietary Intake across Subgroups: The CODAM and Hoorn Studies.
- Author
-
Wanders AJ, Alssema M, De Hoon SEM, Feskens EJM, van Woudenbergh GJ, van der Kallen CJ, Zock PL, Refsum H, Drevon CA, Elshorbagy A, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, Dekker JM, and van Greevenbroek MMJ
- Subjects
- Aged, Biomarkers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Docosahexaenoic Acids administration & dosage, Eicosapentaenoic Acid administration & dosage, Female, Humans, Life Style, Linoleic Acid administration & dosage, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, alpha-Linolenic Acid administration & dosage, Diet, Docosahexaenoic Acids blood, Eicosapentaenoic Acid blood, Linoleic Acid blood, alpha-Linolenic Acid blood
- Abstract
Aims: To evaluate whether participant characteristics and way of expressing circulating fatty acids (FA) influence the strengths of associations between self-reported intake and circulating levels of linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)., Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were performed in pooled data from the CODAM (n = 469) and Hoorn (n = 702) studies. Circulating FA were measured by gas liquid chromatography and expressed as proportions (% of total FA) and concentrations (µg/mL). Dietary intakes were calculated from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Effects of participant characteristics on associations between dietary and circulating FA were calculated using interaction analyses., Results: Standardized regression coefficients between dietary FA and proportions of circulating FA (% of total FA) were LA β = 0.28, ALA β = 0.13, EPA β = 0.34, and DHA β = 0.45. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and presence of CVD influenced associations for LA; gender influenced LA, EPA, and DHA; alcohol intake influenced LA and DHA; and glucose tolerance status influenced ALA (p values interaction <0.05). Coefficients for circulating FA as concentrations were LA β = 0.19, ALA β = 0.10, EPA β = 0.31, and DHA β = 0.41., Conclusions: This study suggests that characteristics such as BMI, alcohol intake, and expressing circulating FA as proportions or concentrations, influence associations between dietary and circulating FA., (© 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Dietary fatty acid intake after myocardial infarction: a theoretical substitution analysis of the Alpha Omega Cohort.
- Author
-
Mölenberg FJM, de Goede J, Wanders AJ, Zock PL, Kromhout D, and Geleijnse JM
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases mortality, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Ischemia mortality, Myocardial Ischemia prevention & control, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated administration & dosage, Myocardial Infarction complications
- Abstract
Background: Replacement of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), has been associated with a lower risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Whether this replacement is beneficial for drug-treated patients with cardiac disease is not yet clear., Objective: In a prospective study of Dutch patients with cardiac disease (Alpha Omega Cohort), we examined the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and IHD mortality when the sum of SFAs and trans fatty acids (TFAs) was theoretically replaced by total UFAs, PUFAs, or cis monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)., Design: We included 4146 state-of-the-art drug-treated patients aged 60-80 y with a history of myocardial infarction (79% male patients) and reliable dietary data at baseline (2002-2006). Cause-specific mortality was monitored until 1 January 2013. HRs for CVD mortality and IHD mortality for theoretical, isocaloric replacement of dietary fatty acids (FAs) in quintiles (1-5) and continuously (per 5% of energy) were obtained from Cox regression models, adjusting for demographic factors, medication use, and lifestyle and dietary factors., Results: Patients consumed, on average, 17.5% of energy of total UFAs, 13.0% of energy of SFAs, and <1% of energy of TFAs. During ∼7 y of follow-up, 372 CVD deaths and 249 IHD deaths occurred. Substitution modeling yielded significantly lower risks of CVD mortality when replacing SFAs plus TFAs with total UFAs [HR in quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.72)] or PUFAs [HR: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.44, 0.98)], whereas HRs in cis MUFA quintiles were nonsignificant. HRs were similar for IHD mortality. In continuous analyses, replacement of SFAs plus TFAs with total UFAs, PUFAs, or cis MUFAs (per 5% of energy) was associated with significantly lower risks of CVD mortality (HRs between 0.68 and 0.75) and IHD mortality (HRs between 0.55 and 0.70)., Conclusion: Shifting the FA composition of the diet toward a higher proportion of UFAs may lower CVD mortality risk in drug-treated patients with cardiac disease. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03192410., (© 2017 American Society for Nutrition)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Circulating linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid and glucose metabolism: the Hoorn Study.
- Author
-
Cabout M, Alssema M, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CDA, Zock PL, Brouwer IA, Elshorbagy AK, Refsum H, and Dekker JM
- Subjects
- Aged, Body Mass Index, Cholesterol blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diet, Exercise, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated administration & dosage, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated blood, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Triglycerides blood, Blood Glucose metabolism, Linoleic Acid blood, alpha-Linolenic Acid blood
- Abstract
Purpose: Data on the relation between linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk are scarce and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum LA and ALA with fasting and 2 h post-load plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)., Method: This study included 667 participants from third examination (2000) of the population-based Hoorn study in which individuals with glucose intolerance were overrepresented. Fatty acid profiles in serum total lipids were measured at baseline, in 2000. Diabetes risk markers were measured at baseline and follow-up in 2008. Linear regression models were used in cross-sectional and prospective analyses., Results: In cross-sectional analyses (n = 667), serum LA was inversely associated with plasma glucose, both in fasting conditions (B = -0.024 [-0.045, -0.002]) and 2 h after glucose tolerance test (B = -0.099 [-0.158, -0.039]), but not with HbA1c (B = 0.000 [-0.014, 0.013]), after adjustment for relevant factors. In prospective analyses (n = 257), serum LA was not associated with fasting (B = 0.003 [-0.019, 0.025]) or post-load glucose (B = -0.026 [-0.100, 0.049]). Furthermore, no significant associations were found between serum ALA and glucose metabolism in cross-sectional or prospective analyses., Conclusions: In this study, serum LA was inversely associated with fasting and post-load glucose in cross-sectional, but not in prospective analyses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of serum LA and ALA levels and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in glucose metabolism.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Trans Fat Intake and Its Dietary Sources in General Populations Worldwide: A Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Wanders AJ, Zock PL, and Brouwer IA
- Subjects
- Humans, Risk Factors, Coronary Disease chemically induced, Diet adverse effects, Dietary Fats adverse effects, Global Health, Trans Fatty Acids adverse effects
- Abstract
After the discovery that trans fat increases the risk of coronary heart disease, trans fat content of foods have considerably changed. The aim of this study was to systematically review available data on intakes of trans fat and its dietary sources in general populations worldwide. Data from national dietary surveys and population studies published from 1995 onward were searched via Scopus and websites of national public health institutes. Relevant data from 29 countries were identified. The most up to date estimates of total trans fat intake ranged from 0.3 to 4.2 percent of total energy intake (En%) across countries. Seven countries had trans fat intakes higher than the World Health Organization recommendation of 1 En%. In 16 out of 21 countries with data on dietary sources, intakes of trans fat from animal sources were higher than that from industrial sources. Time trend data from 20 countries showed substantial declines in industrial trans fat intake since 1995. In conclusion, nowadays, in the majority of countries for which data are available, average trans fat intake is lower than the recommended maximum intake of 1 En%, with intakes from animal sources being higher than from industrial sources. In the past 20 years, substantial reductions in industrial trans fat have been achieved in many countries., Competing Interests: A.J.W. and P.L.Z. are employed by Unilever; Unilever markets food products made of vegetable oils, including margarines and dressings. I.A.B. supervises a student whose project is partly funded by Unilever R & D, The Netherlands.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Fatty acid intake and its dietary sources in relation with markers of type 2 diabetes risk: The NEO study.
- Author
-
Wanders AJ, Alssema M, de Koning EJ, le Cessie S, de Vries JH, Zock PL, Rosendaal FR, Heijer MD, and de Mutsert R
- Subjects
- Biomarkers blood, Blood Glucose analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dairy Products analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Fats analysis, Energy Intake physiology, Fasting blood, Fatty Acids administration & dosage, Fatty Acids analysis, Female, Humans, Insulin blood, Linear Models, Male, Meat analysis, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Plants, Edible chemistry, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diet methods, Dietary Fats blood, Fatty Acids blood, Postprandial Period physiology
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relations between intakes of total, saturated, mono-unsaturated, poly-unsaturated and trans fatty acids (SFA, MUFA, PUFA and TFA), and their dietary sources (dairy, meat and plant) with markers of type 2 diabetes risk., Subjects/methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of 5675 non-diabetic, middle-aged participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study. Associations between habitual dietary intake and fasting and postprandial blood glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and Disposition Index were assessed through multivariable linear regression models with adjustments for demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors., Results: Mean (s.d.) intakes in percent of energy (En%) were 34.4 (5.8) for total fatty acids, 12.4 (2.9) for SFA, 12.2 (2.4) for MUFA, 6.9 (1.9) for PUFA and 0.6 (0.2) for TFA. As compared with carbohydrates, only SFA was weakly inversely associated with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. When stratified by dietary source, all fatty acids from meat were positively associated with fasting insulin - total fatty acids
meat (per 5 En%: 10.0%; 95% confidence interval: 4.0, 16.3), SFAmeat (per 1 En%: 3.7%; 0.4, 7.2), MUFAmeat (per 1 En%: 5.0%; 2.0, 8.1), PUFAmeat (per 1 En%: 17.3%; 6.0, 29.7) and TFAmeat (per 0.1 En%: 10.5%; 3.2, 18.3). Similarly, all fatty acids from meat were positively associated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-B and inversely with Disposition Index., Conclusions: Our study suggests that the relations between fatty acid intakes and markers of type 2 diabetes risk may depend on the dietary sources of the fatty acids. More epidemiological studies on diet and cardiometabolic disease are needed, addressing possible interactions between nutrients and their dietary sources.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Progressing Insights into the Role of Dietary Fats in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.
- Author
-
Zock PL, Blom WA, Nettleton JA, and Hornstra G
- Subjects
- Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Lipids blood, Risk Factors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Diet, Fat-Restricted methods, Diet, Healthy methods, Dietary Fats adverse effects, Preventive Health Services
- Abstract
Dietary fats have important effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abundant evidence shows that partial replacement of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) with unsaturated fatty acids improves the blood lipid and lipoprotein profile and reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Low-fat diets high in refined carbohydrates and sugar are not effective. Very long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 or omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 VLCPUFA) present in fish have multiple beneficial metabolic effects, and regular intake of fatty fish is associated with lower risks of fatal CHD and stroke. Food-based guidelines on dietary fats recommend limiting the consumption of animal fats high in SAFA, using vegetable oils high in monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and eating fatty fish. These recommendations are part of a healthy eating pattern that also includes ample intake of plant-based foods rich in fiber and limited sugar and salt., Competing Interests: Peter L. Zock and Wendy A.M. Blom are employed by Unilever Research & Development. Joyce A. Nettleton reports personal fees from Unilever Research & Development. Gerard Hornstra reports personal fees from MVO (Netherlands Oils and Fats Industry), EPOA (European Palm Oil Alliance), and Unilever/IUNS (International Union of Nutritional Sciences). Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent This article does not contain any new data from studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Impact of volunteer-related and methodology-related factors on the reproducibility of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation: analysis of 672 individual repeated measurements.
- Author
-
van Mil AC, Greyling A, Zock PL, Geleijnse JM, Hopman MT, Mensink RP, Reesink KD, Green DJ, Ghiadoni L, and Thijssen DH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Volunteers statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Brachial Artery physiology, Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular standards, Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular statistics & numerical data, Vasodilation physiology
- Abstract
Objectives: Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a popular technique to examine endothelial function in humans. Identifying volunteer and methodological factors related to variation in FMD is important to improve measurement accuracy and applicability., Methods: Volunteer-related and methodology-related parameters were collected in 672 volunteers from eight affiliated centres worldwide who underwent repeated measures of FMD. All centres adopted contemporary expert-consensus guidelines for FMD assessment. After calculating the coefficient of variation (%) of the FMD for each individual, we constructed quartiles (n = 168 per quartile). Based on two regression models (volunteer-related factors and methodology-related factors), statistically significant components of these two models were added to a final regression model (calculated as β-coefficient and R). This allowed us to identify factors that independently contributed to the variation in FMD%., Results: Median coefficient of variation was 17.5%, with healthy volunteers demonstrating a coefficient of variation 9.3%. Regression models revealed age (β = 0.248, P < 0.001), hypertension (β = 0.104, P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (β = 0.331, P < 0.001), time between measurements (β = 0.318, P < 0.001), lab experience (β = -0.133, P < 0.001) and baseline FMD% (β = 0.082, P < 0.05) as contributors to the coefficient of variation. After including all significant factors in the final model, we found that time between measurements, hypertension, baseline FMD% and lab experience with FMD independently predicted brachial artery variability (total R = 0.202)., Conclusion: Although FMD% showed good reproducibility, larger variation was observed in conditions with longer time between measurements, hypertension, less experience and lower baseline FMD%. Accounting for these factors may improve FMD% variability.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Reply to: "Adherence to guidelines strongly improves reproducibility of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Common mistakes and methodological issue".
- Author
-
Greyling A, van Mil ACCM, Zock PL, Green DJ, Ghiadoni L, and Thijssen DH
- Subjects
- Blood Flow Velocity, Dilatation, Pathologic, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Regional Blood Flow, Reproducibility of Results, Ultrasonography, Vasodilation, Brachial Artery, Dilatation
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.