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Background: Problematic Internet Use (PIU), characterized by failures to control the overuse of internet, is associated with a range of functional impairments. However, there is limited research on the specific impact of PIU on inhibitory control functions, particularly in terms of differentiating between prepotent response inhibition and interference control. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate these two components of inhibitory control in individuals with PIU. Methods: Thirty participants who met the PIU criteria and 30 control participants were included in the present study. All participants completed the Go/No-Go and Flanker tasks, in which internet-related images and words were used as task stimuli. Results: In the Go/No-Go task, all participants exhibited poorer performance in inhibiting internet-related stimuli compared to internet-unrelated stimuli, during the No-Go trials. In the Flanker task, results revealed a three-way interaction of Group, Stimulus type and Congruency. Specifically, in the incongruent condition, participants with PIU exhibited slower responses for internet-unrelated targets compared to internet-related targets, whereas no similar effect was observed among individuals with low internet use. Conclusions: The findings suggest that difficulties in controlling the interference effect of internet-related information represent a key dysfunction in inhibitory control of PIU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3O4 has been demonstrated to be an efficient p-dopant in improving the performance of organic light-emitting devices. This paper investigates in detail the role of Fe3O4 in improving the hole injection and the hole transport by the ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption, x-ray, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that Fe3O4 as a p-dopant has different effectiveness when it is doped into different host materials. The improved properties of the OLEDs with the p-doped N, N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine layer is mainly due to the enhanced hole injection through the lowering of the hole injection barrier, while the enhanced hole transport plays a more important role for the OLEDs with the p-doped 4,4',4”-tris (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine due to their higher ability in the formation of charge transfer complex. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Magnetic field effects on tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum-based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) by employing \Fe3\O4 as a magnetic dopant in the hole-transport layer (HTL) have been studied. The magnetic doped OLEDs exhibit efficient injection and transport of holes, and its performances are further enhanced after a magnetic field is applied. The enhancement of luminance and current efficiency of 20% and 24% has been obtained from the magnetic doped devices, while they are only 8% and 9%, respectively, for the nondoped devices under an applied magnetic field of 500 mT. Organic magnetoresistance induced by the magnetic doped HTL is the main origin of increased electroluminescence for the magnetic doped OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Highly efficient top-emitting organic light-emitting devices (TOLEDs) using a Fe3O4 modified Ag anode have been demonstrated. The tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum-based TOLEDs exhibit a very low turn-on voltage of 2.5V and a high current efficiency of 8.1cd/A. The improved properties for the TOLEDs is mainly due to the enhanced hole injection by introducing the anodic buffer. The mechanism of this enhanced hole injection is studied by the X-ray and ultra-violet photoemission spectroscopy, which demonstrated that the dipole layer is formed at the anode/organic interface and the hole-injection barrier is therefore reduced after introducing the thin Fe3O4 film between the Ag anode and the hole-transport layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]