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Helen M Shields,1 Stephen R Pelletier,2 Marina E Zambrotta1 1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 2Office of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USACorrespondence: Helen M Shields, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, Tel +1 (617) 678-6077, Email hmshields@BWH.harvard.eduBackground: Collaboration between physicians and nurses has been shown to lead to better patient outcomes. However, studies have shown differing physicians’ and nurses’ responses to survey questions about physician-nurse collaboration. We surveyed physicians and nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic for their attitudes toward collaboration.Methods: In August 2021, during the Covid-19 pandemic, we surveyed physicians and nurses throughout an urban, academic teaching hospital over a consecutive twenty-day period using the validated Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration. Anonymous surveys were obtained from nurses and physicians on duty at the hospital. Demographic data from each survey included gender, age, profession of nurse or physician, degree, and specialization.Results: Four hundred and fifteen (415) unique paper surveys were collected from 308 nurses and 107 physicians over the twenty-day period. Five nurses and two physicians declined to complete the survey (1.6%). Using the Independent t-test of Means, total score and sub-scores were analyzed. Physicians and nurses scored the paper surveys in a similar manner. No statistically significant differences between the scores of physicians and nurses were found for any of the fifteen Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration questions, except for the youngest age group (20– 29-year-old) having a significantly more positive response to doctors being the dominant authority on all health matters (p-value=0.011). Gender and nursing degree did not make a significant difference. Surgical Specialties (167), Medical Specialties (196), Intensive Care Unit (21), and the Emergency Department (43) survey responses did not differ significantly from each other.Conclusion: One and a half years into the Covid-19 pandemic, physicians and nurses at an urban, academic teaching hospital were in agreement with their responses on the validated Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration. Our data may reflect a catalytic and positive effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on physician and nurse attitudes toward collaboration.Keywords: physician-nurse collaboration, Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, interprofessional education, Covid-19 pandemic

Marina E Zambrotta,1,2 Patricia Aylward,3 Christopher L Roy,1,2 Emily Piper-Vallillo,1,4 Stephen R Pelletier,2 James P Honan,4 Noah Heller,4 Subha Ramani,1,2 Helen M Shields1,2 1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 3Department of Nursing, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 4Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USACorrespondence: Marina E Zambrotta; Helen M ShieldsDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USATel +1 401-499-3874; +1 617-678-6077Fax +1 918-233-2180; +1617-525-8740Email Mzambrotta@partners.org; Hmshields@bwh.harvard.eduIntroduction: High levels of interprofessional collaboration are beneficial for patients and healthcare providers. Co-teaching may be one method for creating a collaborative environment. This pilot study designed, developed, and implemented Nurse-Doctor Co-Teaching on an inpatient medicine service.Methods: Ten Nurse-Doctor Co-Teaching pairs designed 30-minute, structured co-teaching sessions with learning objectives, evidence-based content, interactive teaching strategies and a Take-Away of key content with the help of a coaching team. Each session was presented by a nurse and senior doctor to nurse and resident learners. Our assessment blueprint included: 1. Anonymous surveys assessing the overall rating of each session and 2. Pre- and post-anonymous surveys assessing measures of interprofessional collaboration and communication between nurses and residents before and after the series of ten co-teaching sessions.Results: Data from ten post-session surveys included 121 of 156 participants (77.6%). Attendance at each session ranged from 13– 19 participants with 8– 17 participants completing a survey per session for an average of 12.1 surveys analyzed. All Nurse-Doctor Co-Teaching sessions scored in the excellent range between 1.00 and 1.43 on a Likert scale (1 is excellent and 5 is poor). In response to the question “What did you like best?”, interactive teaching strategies was the most frequent spontaneous answer. A significant correlation between the number of interactive teaching strategies and enjoyability of the session (p-value=0.01) was observed. Measures of interprofessional collaboration and communication did not change significantly in the pre-intervention compared to post-intervention period.Conclusion: We created a unique model of interprofessional co-teaching on an inpatient service. The overall excellent ratings of our interactive sessions indicate that Nurse-Doctor Co-Teaching is a valued form of learning. Our structured format is adaptable to various medical settings and could be expanded to include additional allied health professionals. We plan further studies to assess if Nurse-Doctor Co-Teaching improves measures of interprofessional collaboration.Keywords: interprofessional co-teaching, interactive teaching strategies, nursing education, resident education, coaching team, faculty development

Background: Nurse-doctor collaborations are essential for team-based patient care. Although there are increasing calls for interprofessional education, teaching and learning together is rare. In 2019, we designed a Nurse-Doctor Co-Teaching pilot programme to provide an opportunity for nurses and doctors to co-teach junior doctors and nurses. We aimed to explore the experiences of the co-teachers and understand their perceptions of teaching together. The study was conducted through the lens of positioning theory., Methods: We held an hour-long focus group discussion and follow-up one-on-one interviews with nurses and doctors who participated as co-teachers. Conversations were audio-video recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. The Partners Institutional Review Board approved this study., Results: Three nurses and four doctors participated in the focus group conversation, and four nurses and two doctors participated in individual interviews. Participant narratives provided insight into shifts in hospital culture that would be necessary to promote effective interprofessional learning and collaboration: (1) break down professional silos, (2) invite the nursing perspective, (3) flatten professional hierarchies, and (4) recognise nurses as clinical teachers., Conclusion: Nurses and doctors felt they shared a collegial and equal partnership as co-teachers. But this relationship was not typical of their daily clinical roles. Institutional barriers presented challenges to collaboration on the hospital floor and nursing participation in teaching. Successful interprofessional education may require culture and policy shifts that formally recognise nurses as valuable clinical teachers., (© 2022 Association for the Study of Medical Education and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)