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In the era of information technology, the update cycle of textiles is shortened, which urgently demands new design and higher quality. Therefore, the traditional mode of quality control after knitting faces great challenges due to the hysteresis and huge material loss. This problem can be solved by the digitization of textiles, which aims at adjusting before knitting, while a key step of digitization is geometric modeling. Herein, a three-dimensional geometric model of three-thread fleece fabric is constructed for the first time based on micro-computed tomography technology. First, the computed tomography scan data were flipped, clipped and rendered by software DragonFly Pro to observe the loop structure more clearly, annotated and probed to obtain the coordinate points of yarn center trajectory. According to those coordinate points, the spatial trajectory of each yarn was reconstructed by the spline curve method using software Catia, then the unit cell models of each group of yarns were obtained and assembled to form a complete three-dimensional loop model. Finally, the constructed geometric model was compared with the actual fabric, and standard curve equations of the loop trajectory were fitted. The meso-scale model of three-thread fleece fabric was established accurately which clearly reflected the relationship of geometry position between yarns, providing a precise geometric model for further study on the simulation and performance prediction of knitted fabrics in future work.

BACKGROUND Assessment of data appropriateness is a top priority before conducting real world studies (RWS). However, this evaluation on electronic health records (EHRs) from hospitals in developing regions has been long-term overlooked. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to preliminarily assess whether EHRs from hospitals in a developing region in China were appropriate enough to meet RWS purposes. METHODS All secondary and tertiary hospitals (n = 28) in Fuzhou, Jiangxi province, China, were recruited. Through face-to-face interviews with chief administrators of hospital EHR systems, the assessment was conducted via semi-quantitative questionnaire to evaluate three dimensions of EHR appropriateness (coverage, consistency, accessibility). Coverage and consistency were measured using 80 core variables compared with two well-established common data models (CDMs), the former focusing on the existence of relevant variables in targeted databases and the latter on data structuring, data types and standardized coding systems. Accessibility was measured by willingness to data sharing. RESULTS Structured EHRs restoration was accomplished in at least 15 hospitals. Variables on drug exposure were the least covered (of 75.0% databases), structured (of 53.6% databases), relatively inconsistent in data types (of 10.7-75.0% databases) and standardized coding systems (of 7.1% databases). Low willingness to data sharing was responded among 64.3% of local hospitals, over 50.0% due to administrative concerns. CONCLUSIONS EHR databases from hospitals in the developing region showed favorable coverage of potentially relevant variables for RWS. However, poor consistency, including data structuring, data type and data coding on the preliminary level of variables, and low willingness to share data challenged RWD application.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a life-threatening pandemic. The epidemic trends in different countries vary considerably due to different policy-making and resources mobilization. We calculated basic reproduction number (R0) and the time-varying estimate of the effective reproductive number (Rt) of COVID-19 by using the maximum likelihood method and the sequential Bayesian method, respectively. European and North American countries possessed higher R0 and unsteady Rt fluctuations, whereas some heavily affected Asian countries showed relatively low R0 and declining Rt now. The numbers of patients in Africa and Latin America are still low, but the potential risk of huge outbreaks cannot be ignored. Three scenarios were then simulated, generating distinct outcomes by using SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, and removed) model. First, evidence-based prompt responses yield lower transmission rate followed by decreasing Rt. Second, implementation of effective control policies at a relatively late stage, in spite of huge casualties at early phase, can still achieve containment and mitigation. Third, wisely taking advantage of the time-window for developing countries in Africa and Latin America to adopt adequate measures can save more people’s life. Our mathematical modeling provides evidence for international communities to develop sound design of containment and mitigation policies for COVID-19. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11684-020-0787-4 and is accessible for authorized users.

Objective The purpose of this article was to examine the validity and reliability of the LifeWindows Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Questionnaire (LW-IMB-AAQ) among HIV+ patients in Shanghai. Methods We surveyed 426 HIV+ patients in Shanghai's Putuo District to examine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The questionnaire includes self-reported demographic characteristics, the modified version of the Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS Antiretroviral Medication Self-Report (CPCRA) and LW-IMB-AAQ. CPCRA was used to calculate ART adherence. LW-IMB-AAQ, including the information section, the motivation section and the behavioral skills section, was used to analyze patients' ART adherence. We analyzed data by means, standard deviation, critical ratio, and item-total correlation. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. Validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity and discriminant validity. Results Item analysis showed that except for motivation item 1, all items were acceptable. For reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the three sections and the total scale were all higher than 0.7, with interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) all higher than 0.6 (p

The Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence was applied in people living with HIV/AIDS in Shanghai, China to understand how adherence-related information, motivation and behavioral skills would affect ART adherence. The LifeWindows Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills ART Adherence Questionnaire (LW-IMB-AAQ) was translated into Chinese and used. The IMB model was then implemented by testing standardized path estimates with standard model fitness indices in the participants. 426 participants from 11 community centres in Putuo district of Shanghai were recruited, of which 95.3% reported a high level of adherence (95% adherence). The fitness indices of the final adjusted model were χ2 = 6.110, df = 7

Introduction Internet gaming disorder (IGD) was popular among adolescents worldwide, but whether some associated factors could contribute to the development of IGD was unclear. This longitudinal study explored the temporal stability of IGD over one year and determined the predictors for IGD incidence. Methods Participants were 1121 adolescents from six junior high schools in Shanghai, China (50.6% males; median age = 13.0 years). The baseline and follow-up questionnaire survey measured IGD, time spent on gaming, depressive symptoms, insomnia condition, substance use and background variables from 7th to 8th grade. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to test the associations between other factors and IGD incidence. Results IGD incidence was 7.7% at one-year follow-up. Gender, family financial condition, parental educational level, time spent on gaming, insomnia condition and depressive symptoms were associated with IGD incidence in univariate analysis, whereas only gender, family financial condition, time spent on gaming and depressive symptoms were associated with IGD incidence in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusions IGD might persist for years during adolescence. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, time spent on gaming and depressive symptoms were independent predictors for IGD incidence.

Background High prevalence and strong relationships among suicidal ideation, Internet gaming disorder (IGD), insomnia, and depression have been reported for adolescents worldwide, but the mechanism underlying these psychological problems remains unclear. This cross-sectional study explored the mediating effect of insomnia and depression on the association between IGD and suicidal ideation. Methods Participants were 1066 adolescents (median age = 13.0 years) with Internet games exposure in the previous 12 months from junior high schools in Shanghai, China. Questionnaire measures of suicidal ideation, IGD, insomnia, depressive symptoms, and background characteristics were obtained. Path analysis was conducted to test the multiple mediating roles of insomnia and depression. Results Suicidal ideation, IGD, insomnia, and depression prevalence was 27.2, 13.6, 9.2, and 17.0%, respectively. A serial multiple mediation model was generated. The mediation effect of insomnia and depression on the pathway from IGD to suicidal ideation was 45.5% (direct effect: standardized estimate [Std. estimate] = 0.186; total indirect effect: Std. estimate = 0.155). The association between IGD and depression was partially mediated by insomnia (direct effect: Std. estimate = 0.211; indirect effect: Std. estimate = 0.135). The proposed model fit the data well. Conclusions Insomnia and depression may serially mediate the association between IGD and suicidal ideation. IGD was positively associated with insomnia, then with depression, which in turn positively contributed to suicidal ideation. We suggest greater monitoring of Internet use and prevention of insomnia and depression to mitigate the risk of suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents.

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019 and gradually spread to other areas in China. After implementation of prevention and control measures, the estimation of the epidemic trend is needed. A phase- and region-adjusted SEIR model was applied for modeling and predicting the number of cases in Wuhan, Hubei Province and regions outside Hubei Province in China. The estimated number of infections could reach its peak in late February 2020 in Wuhan and Hubei Province, which is 55 303-84 520 and 83 944-129 312, respectively, while the epidemic peaks in regions outside Hubei Province in China could appear on February 13, 2020 with the estimated 13 035-19 108 cases. According to the estimation, the outbreak would abate in March and April all over China. Current estimation provided evidence for planned work resumption under stringent prevention and control in China to further support the fight against the epidemic. Nevertheless, there is still possibility of the second outbreak brought by the work resumption and population migration, especially from Hubei Province and high intensity cities outside Hubei Province. Strict prevention and control measures still need to be considered in the regions with high intensity of epidemic and densely-populated cities.

Background: The outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019 and gradually spread to other areas in Hubei Province and regions outside Hubei Province in China. After implementation of prevention and control measures in China, the estimation of the epidemic trend is needed so as to predict the possible infection scale and epidemic characteristics of COVID-19, furtherly, to provide potential evaluation criteria for the effectiveness of current prevention and control measures and, to offer theoretical support for current decision-making on infectious disease prevention. Methods: A phase- and region-adjusted SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious and Removed) model was applied for modeling and predicting the number of COVID-19 cases in Wuhan, Hubei Province and regions outside Hubei Province in China. Findings: The estimated number of infections would reach the peak in late February 2020 in Wuhan and Hubei Province, which is 55,303–84,520 and 83,944–129,312, respectively. The epidemic peaks in regions outside Hubei Province in China appeared on 13th Feb with the estimated 13,035–19,108 confirmed cases. Wuhan had an infection rate of more than 3,900 per million population as of 18th Feb 2020. In the areas adjacent to Wuhan, the average infection rate was around 550 per million population. In major financial regions (Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong) and provinces neighboring Hubei Province, the infection rate was over 10 per million population. Interpretation: It is reasonable to speculate that the outbreak would be braked soon with the very strong prevention measures taken all over China. Current estimation provided evidence for planned work resumption under stringent prevention and control in regions outside Hubei Province in China to further support the fight against the epidemic. Nevertheless, strict prevention and control measures should still be maintained, especially in the regions with high intensity of epidemic such as Hunan, Guangzhou, Zhejiang Province as well as densely-populated cities such as Shanghai and Beijing, considering the possibility of the second outbreak brought by the work resumption and population migration, especially from Hubei Province and high-intensity cities outside Hubei Province. Funding Statement: This work is funded by Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YG2020YQ06), the National Key Research and Development Project (2018YFC1705100, 2018YFC1705103) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71673187). Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no competing interests.

Background: There were cases recovered and discharged from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) who tested re-positive nucleic acid test for Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the follow-up clinics. However, the clinical characteristics, and potential causes of this phenomenon still cannot be identified. Methods: Patients confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and first admitted to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Hubei Province, China and then discharged from January17 to March 30, 2020 were under follow-up. Patients with hospital stay≥30 days were assigned to long-course group (LC group). Once the follow-up SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test became re-positive before April 27, 2020, the patients were involved in re-positive group (RP group). Meanwhile, we matched another group of patients (Matched group) to the RP group at 1:1, according to the admission time (three days before or after). Baseline features, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, Computed Tomography (CT) manifestations, comorbidities, and outcomes in the three groups were collected, summarized and analyzed. Findings: A total of 365 confirmed COVID-19 patients discharged from January17 to March 30, 2020, among which 31 patients presented re-positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test. The mean age of the RP group was 56·35±14·41(24-85) years, with 14(45·16%) patients older than 60 years. There was no obvious difference of age between RP group and LC group. Gender of 21(67·74%) RP patients were female, while significantly less in LC group (6(31·58%), p=0·014). The mean time from onset to admission was significant longer than LC group (17·6 vs 9·12, p= 0·006). The RP group displayed a milder clinical course. In regard to laboratory tests, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, c-reaction protein, CK-MBactivity, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase, hematocrit, and glucose were lower in RP group than in LC group. Cardiovascular disease and drinking were significant different between RP group and Matched group. Compared to the Matched group, shortness of breath and weight loss were more common in RP group. Interpretation: Compared to LC group, RP patients displayed milder clinical course no matter in the clinical manifestation or in the laboratory tests. RP patients should not be simply considered as a subtype of long course. Systemic symptom was more common, other than upper respiratory symptoms in RP patients than in the Matched group. Funding: Zhejiang University special scientific research fund, China Hospital Administer Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Fund. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval No. XHEC-D-2020-100), which waived the requirement for written patient consent for this retrospective analysis. All patients gave their oral consent to participate in this retrospective study.

Objective The purpose of this article was to examine the validity and reliability of the LifeWindows Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Questionnaire (LW-IMB-AAQ) among HIV+ patients in Shanghai. Methods We surveyed 426 HIV+ patients in Shanghai’s Putuo District to examine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The questionnaire includes self-reported demographic characteristics, the modified version of the Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS Antiretroviral Medication Self-Report (CPCRA) and LW-IMB-AAQ. CPCRA was used to calculate ART adherence. LW-IMB-AAQ, including the information section, the motivation section and the behavioral skills section, was used to analyze patients’ ART adherence. We analyzed data by means, standard deviation, critical ratio, and item-total correlation. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability. Validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity and discriminant validity. Results Item analysis showed that except for motivation item 1, all items were acceptable. For reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the three sections and the total scale were all higher than 0.7, with interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) all higher than 0.6 (p

As techniques of data acquisition and data storage rapidly developed, more and larger datasets are very easily faced in machine learning. In order to avoid excessive storage and time consuming, and possibly to improve generalization accuracy by removing noise, several works presented as reduction techniques have been proposed. In this paper, firstly, we will review most traditional and typical reduction algorithms and find out their strengths and weaknesses, respectively. In addition, nine typical reduction algorithms are compared performing on 16 classification tasks. At last, some valuable directions for further research are proposed based on discussions and conclusion of traditional algorithms mentioned.