Search

The present investigations were carried out at Research Farm, Nawabganj, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, during the year 2019-2020. Research Farm is situated in a semi-arid zone of subtropical climate, falling between 25.26 to 26.28° North latitude and 79.31 to 80.34° East longitude. The height of the Farm is about 125.90 meters above sea level. The annual rainfall is 46.0 mm, most of which is received from July to September, with some scattered showers in winter from North-East Monsoon. The maximum temperature goes up to 36.7°C during summer. The experiment was conducted for the control of termite, which was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications with plot measuring 4 x 5 m. For confirmation test on germination, counted seed of each treatment were sown in the field. The result of germination showed a non-significant difference in all treatments. The incidence of termite after three weeks of sowing was not seen in any of the treatments. However, the incidence of termite after four weeks of sowing was very low in all treatments which ranged from 0.41 to 0.79% while in the untreated plot it was 3.28%. The incidence of termite after five weeks of sowing ranged from 1.10 to 1.76% in comparison to 3.37% in untreated check. Significantly less damaged shoots were recorded in plots treated with fipronil 5 SC @ 6.0 ml/kg seeds and thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 3.2 g/kg seeds, which was at par imidacloprid 600 FS @ 2.0 ml/kg seeds. All the remaining insecticide and biopesticides were found to be effective in reducing termite damage as compared to untreated check. Percent damaged effective tillers/m row were minimum in fipronil 5 SC @ 6.0 ml/kg seeds (1.10%) and in thiamethoxam 25 WS @ 3.2 g/kg seeds (1.23%) and were on par with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 2.0 ml/kg seeds (1.30%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To synthesize the current evidence for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the human milk of mothers with confirmed COVID-19 and its potential role in neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and methods: Using terms related to novel coronavirus 2019 and human milk, a systematic search was performed in three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science) for studies published between December 2019 and 15 October 2020. Published peer-reviewed studies reporting the results of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human milk in mothers with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Proportion meta-analysis of case series and prospective cohort studies was performed using STATA version 14.2 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) and pooled estimate (with 95% confidence interval) of overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was calculated. Results: We identified 936 records, of which 34 studies (24 case-reports, 10 cohort studies) were eligible for this systematic review. A total of 116 confirmed COVID-19 lactating women (88 in cohort and 28 in case-reports) underwent RT-PCR testing in human milk, and 10 (six in case reports) were detected to have SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The overall pooled proportion (from cohort studies) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in human milk was 2.16% (95% CI: 0.0–8.81%, I²: 0%). Four studies (six patients) also reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies (along with RT-PCR) in human milk. Conclusions: The limited low-quality evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected in human milk in an extremely low proportion, however, based on current evidence no conclusion can be drawn about its infectivity and impact on the infants. In concordance with World Health Organization recommendations, exclusive breastfeeding should be considered in all cases unless any other contraindication exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection present with respiratory symptoms, hence various chest imaging modalities have been used in the management. Knowledge about the radiological findings of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children is limited. Hence, we systematically synthesized the available data that will help in better management of COVID-19 in children.Methods: Four different electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CENTRAL) were searched for articles reporting radiological findings in children with COVID-19. Studies reporting thoracic radiological findings of COVID-19 in patients aged <19 years were included. A random-effect meta-analysis (wherever feasible) was performed to provide pooled estimates of various findings.Results: A total of 1984 records were screened of which forty-six studies (923 patients) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan was the most frequently used imaging modality. While one-third of the patients had normal scans, a significant proportion (19%) of clinically asymptomatic children had radiological abnormalities too. Unilateral lung involvement (55%) was frequent when compared with bilateral and ground-glass opacities were the most frequent (40%) definitive radiological findings. Other common radiological findings were non-specific patchy shadows (44%), consolidation (23%), halo sign (26%), pulmonary nodules and prominent bronchovascular marking. Interstitial infiltration being the most frequent lung ultrasound finding.Conclusion: CT scan is the most frequently used imaging modality for COVID-19 in children and can detect pneumonia before the appearance of clinical symptoms. Undefined patchy shadows, grand-glass opacities and consolidation are commonly observed imaging findings in COVID-19 pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]