Search

An electrostatic field-driven (EFD) ionizer specifically designed for a moving charged target is proposed. The ionizer, which is proximally positioned to the charged target, is composed of a grounded mesh electrode and an array of positive and negative needle electrodes. The positive and negative needles face each other to make a high space charge density of positive and negative ions just above the grounded mesh. The electric field formed between the grounded mesh and the charged target transports ions by electrostatic force. The ion transportation brings a faster charge elimination rate than the air drag force widely used in commercial ionizers. An evaluation method of the charge elimination for a moving target is also proposed. The method employs parameters of capacitance of the target, equivalent resistance of the ionized air, effective length of the ionizing zone and moving speed of the target. The performance of the EFD ionizer and a commercial fan-type ionizer were compared using the evaluation method. The EFD ionizer was found to have significantly higher performance than the commercial fan-type ionizer.

An electrostatic sheet stapler (ESS) that can paste a sheet material on a target by electrostatic force has been developed as an adherence and removal method for future sheet devices. The stapler was composed of two couples of needle to grid electrodes as positive and negative corona chargers with an insulator support dividing the two corona chargers. The proposed sheet material has two adherence areas where the surface can be charged up and a functional area where a thin and flexible functional device is placed; typically devices from printable electronics technology. The sheet device is adhered onto the target electrostatically; therefore, the force can be easily controlled, which provides a possible mechanization process for the adherence and removal of sheet devices without an adhesive material. Here we describe the theoretical concept of the ESS and measure the withstanding weight using a test model ESS. The time variation and distribution of the surface potential on the charged sheet and the adherence force are also reported.

For comparative assessment of tokamak and helical reactors, two base case reactor designs with 1 GW electric power output are introduced; high-field high-beta compact tokamak reactor TR-1 (major radius R = 5.2 m, magnetic field B = 7.1 T) and high-beta helical system HR-1 (R = 12.1 m, B = 4.6 T). Operational boundaries of both reactors are compared by the zero-dimensional energy balance model, which clarifies the difference between the higher temperature operational regime of TR-1 and the lower temperature regime of HR-1. These operational scenarios are reconfirmed by the toroidal transport analysis linkage (TOTAL) code coupling with two-dimensional equilibrium in the TOTAL-T tokamak code and three-dimensional equilibrium in the TOTAL-H helical code. The beta effect on confinement degradation and the impurity radiation effect on energy balance are found to make the ignition difficult in both systems.

A new reliability model, consecutive 2-out-of-(r, r)-from-(n, n):F model, is proposed. The consecutive 2-out-of-(r, r)-from-(n, n):F system consists of a square grid of side n (containing n2 components) such that the system fails if and only if there is at least one square of side r which includes among them at least two failed components. For i.i.d. case an algorithm is given for computing the reliability of the system. The reliability function can be expressed by the number of 0–1 matrices having no two or more 0s at any square of side r.

The objective of this study was to compare plasma levels and adipose tissue mRNA expression of leptin between Japanese Black steers and Holstein steers under normal feeding conditions for beef cattle. Nine Japanese Black steers and five Holstein steers were used in this study. They were fed typical fattening diets in Japan until they were slaughtered at 700 kg body weight. Subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue samples were collected at slaughter. Blood samples were collected every 4 weeks. The amount of visceral adipose tissue at slaughter and the proportion of carcass fat were similar between the Japanese Black and the Holstein steers. Intramuscular lipid contents were much greater in the Japanese Black steers than in the Holstein steers ( P P P P

An electrostatic field-driven (EFD) ionizer specifically designed for a moving charged target is proposed. The ionizer, which is proximally positioned to the charged target, is composed of a grounded mesh electrode and an array of positive and negative needle electrodes. The positive and negative needles face each other to make a high space charge density of positive and negative ions just above the grounded mesh. The electric field formed between the grounded mesh and the charged target transports ions by electrostatic force. The ion transportation brings a faster charge elimination rate than the air drag force widely used in commercial ionizers. An evaluation method of the charge elimination for a moving target is also proposed. The method employs parameters of capacitance of the target, equivalent resistance of the ionized air, effective length of the ionizing zone and moving speed of the target. The performance of the EFD ionizer and a commercial fan-type ionizer were compared using the evaluation method. The EFD ionizer was found to have significantly higher performance than the commercial fan-type ionizer.

The negative corona discharge phenomena occurring at a tip of water cone have been investigated focusing on the motion and the shape of the water surface using a high-speed video camera. The water cone is periodically formed from a water droplet located on a grounded electrode under dc field due to the electro-hydrodynamic instability. Negative corona discharge with trains of Trichel-like pulses occurred just after the formation of a cone jet. The magnitude and the pulse interval of the Trichel-like pulses gradually increase during the period that the conical surface returns to the initial ellipsoidal shape. The characteristics of the Trichel pulse occurring from the metal electrode simulating the shape of the water surface were also investigated. It is found that the increase in the magnitude and the interval of the trains of Trichel-like pulses with time at the tip of water drop are caused by the corona discharge from the tip of the water surface that deforms from a conical to an ellipsoidal shape.

The radial distribution of the water volume and the droplet size in a charged droplets shower was estimated from the volume and size distribution of the water droplets obtained by a line-of-sight measurements with a laser particle size analyzer. The transformation method from the apparent distribution into the radial distribution was demonstrated under the assumption of an axisymmetric spray. The charged droplets shower was sprayed from an airless nozzle equipped with an induction charging electrode. The charged droplets shower spreads more widely due to electrostatic repulsion force. The difference between the radial distribution in the diameter of the charged droplets shower and that of the uncharged droplets was confirmed. The mean diameter of the charged droplets in the shower was almost constant, while that of the uncharged droplets increases with the radii.

The applications of the electrostatic separation technique employed in the various field was overviewed. By classifying the electrostatic separators with the charging method and with the kind of sorting equipment, recent progress in the electrostatic separators was presented and also future trend was discussed. Principle and practical structure of the separator employing corona charging and induction charging was described in detail. Basically these charging and separation methods are applied to the materials with large difference in conductivities. Triboelectrification has been employed to charge the materials with little difference in conductivities. This is the case of the separation of reusable plastic material from plastic mixture and of minerals or ash contents from coal powder. Triboelectric charging is a key technique and the variety of a tribocharger for coal cleaning was presented. As an example of a practical separator, recent prominent recycling technology of copper and resin from pri...

The charging characteristics of polymer particles were investigated in order to develop an electrostatic separator for plastic-plastic mixtures which are to be recycled. The charging section of the proposed separator utilizes a vibrating feeder equipped with a charging plate. Plastic particles are charged by triboelectric charging while moving on the plastic plate. In order to increase the amount of a charge acquired by the plastic particles as well as to avoid an accumulation of a charge at the surface of the plastic plate, a plastic layer with a number of holes was formed by melting fine plastic powder over an aluminum plate. The charging characteristics of several kinds of plastic particles were investigated and the results show that the plastic-laminated vibrating plate is effective in charging plastic particles.

Solid particles of different sizes which are contained within a liquid jet can be sorted by utilizing electrostatic forces. In our previous experiments, four different but known sizes of particles were separated into groups with high efficiency. However, for large particles of 20μm, the separation efficiency was less than for smaller sizes. In order to investigate the reason for this lowered efficiency, particle velocities within the inner flow were measured by using a diffraction grating. These measurements revealed that the particle velocity is not constant in the column, but is faster near the nozzle. The velocity distribution inside the jet column, which consists of an inner and an outer flow, was also measured. The result, indicating the outermost velocity near the nozzle is slowest, can be used in particle sorting by modifying the delay time to improve separation efficiency.

The presence of metal particles within a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) might initiate a sparkover and lead to fatal failure of an electric power transmission system. In order to investigate the behavior of a particle in a GIS, the model electrodes and the measuring system are constructed. The motion of a particle was investigated by using a CCD camera and a high-speed video camera. Different shapes of elongated particles were made from 0.1-mm and 0.25-mm diameter wires. The measured values of lift-off field strength of a particle lying on the electrode agreed quite well with the theoretical predictions. The initial raising up of a particle usually started at the sharper edge, as expected. There were two types of different modes of particle motions: one is the bouncing motion between two electrodes or one electrode, and the other is the standing motion on the electrode. An interesting thing is that the standing motion is on the upper electrode, when a negative voltage is applied to the upper electrode. This phenomenon could be explained from the difference of positive and negative corona currents starting from both edges of a standing particle.

The ion-transit anemometer which has been proposed previously was modified for easier theoretical analysis of its ion cloud behavior. The main feature of the new probe is the axisymmetric configuration of its ion emitter. A further modification is to form a uniform field between the emitter assembly and the collecting electrode. Experimental results revealed that without a detector electrode, the emitted charge cloud proceeds at almost constant axial speed. From the decay characteristics of the collector and the attractor currents, the axial diameter of the symmetrical flow of the charge cloud was estimated. By changing the diameter of the detector electrode, the transverse diameter of the emitted charge cloud was estimated to be ca. 20 to 30 mm at the detector position. From the transit time of the emitted charge cloud, an average mobility of the ion cloud was calculated. The measured mobility of emitted ion cloud is between 2.0 and 2.2 × 10−4m2/V·s. Although the measured ion mobility agrees well with the reported value, the mobility of the ion cloud increases slightly with the amount of emitted charge.

Transmission lines passing through a mountainous region often are struck by winter lightning. As a result, numerous double-circuit faults occur. Space charge might be responsible for this phenomena. Several investigations on flashover characteristics have been performed focusing on reduction of flashover voltage due to ionic space charge formed by corona discharge. In this paper, flashover characteristics of an air gap within a charged droplet cloud ejected from an airless nozzle using an induction charging method are discussed. The droplets are charged in the range -200 to 200 μC/kg, forming the space-charge density of approximately 13 μC/m3. The flashover voltage and the time lag to flashover were measured when 1.2 × 50 μs lightning impulse voltage applied to a rod-sphere gap is placed within the charged cloud. Flashover voltage for a positive rod increased markedly within a positive charged cloud by increasing the charge-to-mass ratio. The increase of flashover voltage was up to 80 percent in comparison with uncharged droplets. Flashover voltage for the negative rod decreased about 20 percent in the cloud of either polarity. The results show that the presence of charged droplets in the air gaps affects the discharge process significantly.

We studied the radiation hardness of the ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) by irradiating 200 MeV proton beam for fluences up to 3.6 × 1014 p/cm2. The change of the characteristics was monitored and compared with those of GaAs HEMTs. The saturation drain current for the ZnO/ZnMgO HFETs decreased by 10% while that of GaAs HEMTs decreased by 50% at proton beam fluence of 3.6 × 1014 p/cm2. The results demonstrate the superior radiation hardness of the ZnO/ZnMgO HFETs. The fact that little resistance change was observed for the as-grown ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructure implies the reduced drain current observed for HFETs might be caused by degradation of gate dielectric.

We measured the plasma concentration of itraconazole (ITCZ) in 18 patients who received ITCZ for the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. Abnormal laboratory values were observed in 4 out of 10 patients who received 200 mg/day, 1 out of 3 patients who received 300 mg/day, and 2 out of 5 patients who received 400 mg/day. Four patients discontinued ITCZ therapy because of adverse effects following the administration of 200 mg/day or 400 mg/day. The mean plasma ITCZ concentration was 622 ng/ml in patients treated with less than 4 mg/kg, and 1,352 ng/ml in patients treated with more than 4 mg/kg of ITCZ. The sensitivity of Aspergillus species to ITCZ was measured with the NCCLS microdilution method, using alamar blue indicator. The MIC50 of ITCZ was 0.5 microg/ ml for 25 strains of A. fumigatus, 4 microg/ml for 15 strains of A. niger, and 0.25 microg/ml for 10 strains of A. flavus. In conclusion, this study underscored the necessity of monitoring the plasma concentration of ITCZ for effective treatment of patients with pulmonary aspergilloma.

A circular consecutive k-out-of-r from-n:F system consists of n components ordered oil a circle. The svstem falls if and onlN, if there are r consecutive corriponerits at least k of which are falled. The time complexity of a recentIy publislied algorithm for circular consecutive k-out-of r-from-n-:F system is O(nr). This paper proposes a method to Improve upon this O(nr) algorithm.

Investigation on removal method of SF/sub 6/ was carried out by using nonthermal plasma generated by pulsed power. We investigated the dependence of the discharge power and the polarity of applied pulsed voltage to the reactor on the removal rate of SF/sub 6/. The discharge power is varied with discharge repetition rate or charging voltage of the capacitor. As the discharge power increases, the removal rate of SF/sub 6/ is increases. The high repetition rate of pulse is more effective for removal of SF/sub 6/ than the big value of charging voltage. When the same discharge energy is supplied to the sample gas by changing the residence time or repetition rate, the removal rate is high in short residence time and high repetition rate. The removal rate of SF/sub 6/ for negative pulses is higher than that for positive ones. Consequently, the nonthermal plasma generated by pulsed power is effective to remove dilute SF/sub 6/ gas completely.

A linear consecutive 2-out-of-(m, n): F system is considered. A recursive algorithm for calculating the reliability of the system is presented. The algorithm depends on the one-to-one correspondence relation of the systems and the class of 0-1 matrices having no two consecutive 1s at any row or any column.

A method to create a 3D shape based on natural language is proposed. Generally, it is difficult for an non-professional user to create computer graphics (CG) by using traditional CG modelers, so we have developed "Do", a 3D shape modeler utilizing the English language, by which such users would be able to create a CG image. If it were possible to create 3D CG using English by a verbal interface, non-expert users, who do not have any special knowledge of CG, and handicapped users, who are unable to use hardware devices such as a mouse or keyboard, would be able to create CG. However, this system is oriented to shape modeling, and so some scene-constructing functions are attached.

To investigate an electrical discharge occurring from or in a space-charge cloud, a large-scale charged particle cloud was formed by using a cloud generator consisting of a blower and corona charger. The distribution of the electric field strength around a charged particle cloud has been investigated to determine the behavior of charged particles. The soil-conditioning particles were charged by corona charging and blown by high-speed air flow in a test room, 5 m wide, 10 m long, and 3 m high. The average charge-to-mass ratio of the particles blown by this method was 170 /spl mu/C/kg. The space-charge density of the cloud was calculated at the order of 10 /spl mu/C/m/sup 3/ from the electric field strength outside of the cloud. While the electric field strength at the outside of the cloud increased up to 52 kV/m within 2 m downstream from the cloud generator, it decreased below 25 kV/m farther than 2 m away from the cloud generator due to dispersion of charged particles. The change in the electric field strength due to dispersion of charged particles can be qualitatively explained by a simple cloud model. The velocity of charged particles transported by air flow and mobility of charged particles are found to be effective factors increasing the electric field strength around the large-scale charged particle cloud.

Covered conductors and insulators installed in a 6.6 kV distribution line passing through a coastal area along the sea of Japan are heavily polluted with sea salt conveyed by a northwesterly seasonal wind in winter. To understand the practical situation of the deposition of sea salt in winter, salt deposit onto the covered conductor and pin insulators was measured along with the salt quantity in the air and the weather conditions. Small sea water particles began to fly above a wind velocity of 5 m/s. Continuous observation of the partial discharge occurring around a distribution transformer revealed that the partial discharge was prone to occur when the hourly mean wind velocity exceeded 8 m/s. Sea salt rapidly deposits onto the insulators or covered conductor during occurrence of sea water spray from a high wave above 3 m. The equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) happened to reach 1 mg/cm/sup 2/ within several hours in this area.

A consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n:F system consists of n linearly or circularly ordered components such that the system fails if and only if there are r consecutive components at least k of which are failed. This paper studies a lower bound for the reliability of a consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n:F system in the more general case when the component probabilities can be different from each other. New recursive equations are proposed, which have time complexity of O(nr/sup k/) for the linear system, and O(nr/sup 2k/) for the circular system.

Since the principle of a cell sorter was originally developed as an ink jet recorder, we have developed the similar particle sorting device for the separation of spherical particles. In order to confine particles at the center of now, the coaxial flow arrangement was used. In our equipment, charged droplets are electrostatically deflected to six different positions. Thus, at maximum, six different sizes of particles can be separated into six different groups. The particle sizes actually investigated were 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 /spl mu/m. Experimental results reported before revealed that the separation of particles are quite successful, but not perfect. In order to clarity the causes of mis-separation, the mutual correlation of jet and a particle was investigated. It became clear that the particle inside the jet influences on the breakup position of natural jet, when the external vibration of the nozzle was off. The distance of breakup of natural jet became much shorter due to the existence of a particle inside the jet. Even if the external vibration was on, the existence of a particle inside jet also affected the breakup position.

The behavior of water droplets placed on the surface of a hydrophobic polymer plate under a DC field was investigated experimentally. In order to confirm the effect of hydrophobicity on the movement of the water droplet, three kinds of hydrophobic insulating materials-PTFE, silicone rubber (SR) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM)-were used. Water droplets were placed on the insulating plate in contact with the aluminum foil electrode or placed between the thin foil electrodes. A single droplet placed in contact with the electrode on the SR or EPDM plate was elongated and a water filament extended along the surface by the electrostatic force, while that on the PTFE plate left the electrode. The water droplet placed on the border of electrode at the PTFE plate was deformed and formed a semi-cone at a triple junction. The apparent contact angle varied with time for a constant applied voltage and some amounts of charge were emitted by micro discharge or by ejection of small droplets. The behavior of the droplets under DC field strongly depends on not only the hydrophobicity but also the surface property of an insulating plate.

Since the elongated particles have experimentally shown better ER effect than spherical ones, chain formation mechanism of suspensions was investigated by using a large scale model. In series of the experiment with this large scale model, interesting and peculiar particle motions were observed. Experimental set up consists of parallel electrodes immersed in Silicone fluid whose conductivity was changed by adding butylalcohol. The motion of propylene rod with a diameter of 0.7 mm and 6 mm long was examined by using video camera and also high-speed camera. At very low conductivity, there is no motion of the rod. When the conductivity is increased, there is many different kind of motion observed. Rotational motion was most frequently observed at a certain range of conductivity. Further increase of applied field, there is a circular motion of the rod. The rotational speed increases with the applied field. However, when the circular motion starts, the rotational speed decreases. The highest rotational speed observed was 11 rps.

Summary form only given. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF/sub 6/) is useful as an insulator of a circuit breaker and as an etcher of semiconductors. Since SF/sub 6/ is one of greenhouse gases, emission of SF/sub 6/ must be limited and reduced. Investigation on removal method of SF/sub 6/ was carried out by using a pulsed corona reactor. An experimental setup is presented. The electrode of the corona reactor is arranged in a co-axial wire-cylinder configuration. The cylindrical tube is used as a cathode electrode and the wire anode electrode is aligned with the center axis of the cylindrical cathode. The concentration of SF/sub 6/ is measured with an absorption spectrometry. The corona reactor and a cell for measurement of SF/sub 6/ absorption in a sample gas are set in a closed gas loop equipped with two buffer chambers. The sample gas flows constantly in closed gas loop. The buffer chambers play a role to fix the concentration of SF/sub 6/ at an inlet of the corona. reactor during one measurement. The sample gas consists of SF/sub 6/ and helium. The pressure of sample gas is 1 atm. The pulsed voltage circuit is a type of capacitor charge transfer.

A 67-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of hemosputum. Chest X-ray films resulted in a diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma, and treatment with intravenous amphotericin B was initiated. However, therapy was discontinued due to renal insufficiency, an adverse effect of amphotericin B. The size of the fungus ball and cavity increased despite treatment with oral itraconazole (200 mg/day). Cavernostomy was performed and the fungus ball was removed from the upper lobe of the left lung. Computed tomographic scans disclosed thickening of the remaining wall of the cavity, with destruction of the ribs. The patient experienced worsening respiratory distress and died. Necropsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the left lung.

Seventy years old woman had fever and hemosputum at May 1997. She was diagnosed as mycobacteriosis because of the positive acid fast bacilli smear from sputum. Mycobacterium gordonae was isolated from sputum, gastric juice, and bronchial aspirate. The combination therapy of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin was administrated; however, M. gordonae was not eradicated from sputum. Sparfloxacin was administered instead of isoniazid based on the result of drug susceptibility test. The smear became negative and M. gordonae was eradicated from sputum one month after the initiation of treatment with the combination of clarithromycin and sparfloxacin.

We evaluated usefulness of the rapid diagnostic method for detection of rifampicin (RFP)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was based on polymerase chain reaction. The MICs of RFP were measured for 38 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis which were suspected to be RFP-resistant organisms, and 12 strains were found to be resistant to RFP. The PCR primers used were the same as those reported by Telenti et al, which were targeting the RNA polymerase beta subunit gene (rpoB). We confirmed that this gene was possessed by all the strains tested. Eight strains out of the 12 strains with RFP-resistant phenotype were demonstrated to have a point mutation or some alterationin the rpoB gene on the basis of PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Thus, the sensitivity of our method was calculated as 67%. In addition, we could not detect any alterations in the rpoB gene by all RFP-susceptible strains. These results indicated that rapid detection of the RFP-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was possible directly from clinical specimens by using PCR-SSCP technique.

To determine whether HTLV-I infection is associated with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), we investigated T-cell surface markers of peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in 9 healthy volunteers, 6 HTLV-I seronegative DPB patients (HTLV-I(-)DPB) and 8 HTLV-I seropositive DPB patients (HTLV-I(+)DPB). In peripheral blood, no significant difference was observed between HTLV-I(-)DBP and healthy volunteers. However, in BALF, HTLV-I(-)DPB showed a significant decrease of the CD4/CD8 ratio and an increase of CD8+HLA-DR+ cells compared with healthy volunteers. CD3+CD25+ and CD4+HLA-DR+ cells in peripheral blood were significantly increased in HTLV-I(+)DPB compared with those in HTLV-I(-)DPB. No significant difference was observed in BALF cells between HTLV-I(-) and HTLV-I(+)DPB with the exception of CD3+CD25+ cells. The most striking result was a marked elevation of CD3+CD25+ cells in 2 of 8 HTLV-I seropositive patients. Microscopic findings of open lung biopsy specimens obtained from the 2 patients differed from the typical microscopic findings in DPB. From these findings, we consider that HTLV-I infection may be associated with pulmonary lesions like DPB, but of a different, pathologically distinct, type.

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is endemic in Kyushu. Our study at Hirado island in Nagasaki prefecture revealed a higher incidence (35.9%) of HTLV-I carriers in villages with fishing than in those without (16.5%). HTLV-I carriers showed a higher incidence of abnormal findings on chest roentgenogram (21.7%) than non-carriers (16.5%), but most were lesions of old pulmonary tuberculosis and pleural thickening. Virological and immunological investigations were performed for 10 HTLV-I carriers, 3 patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM), and 3 patients with ATL to determine the presence of HTLV-I associated pulmonary disease. In HAM patients, there were high titers of anti HTLV-I antibody, positive IgA reaction to HTLV-I, and an increase in interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2)-positive T-cells in the peripheral blood; and lymphocytosis and an increase in IL-2-positive T-cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Virological examination showed the presence of pX gene and tax1/rex1 mRNA in the peripheral blood and BALF. Similar immunological and virological findings in 2 of 10 carriers suggested the presence of HTLV-I associated pulmonary disease.

The susceptibility of antituberculous agents against colonized M. intracellulare which were isolated from patients with pulmonary disease and infectious M. intracellulare (pathogens) isolated from atypical mycobacterial culture was investigated. Aminoglycosides were more potent against colonized organisms than against pathogens. Isoniazid, ethambutol and rifampicin showed less potent antimicrobial activity against both colonized organism and pathogens as compared to aminoglycosides. On the contrary susceptibility of cycloserine against colonized organisms was as potent as against pathogens.

In the future fusion reactor, the plasma density peaking is important for the increase in the fusion power gain. The density control and the internal transport barrier (ITB) formation due to the pellet injection have been simulated in tokamak and helical reactors using the toroidal transport linkage code TOTAL. Firstly, the pellet injection simulation is carried out including the neutral gas shielding model and the mass relocation model in the TOTAL code, and the effectiveness of the high field side (HFS) pellet injection is clarified. Secondly, the ITB simulation with the pellet injection is carried out with the confinement improvement model based on the E×B shear effects, and it is found that the deep pellet penetration is helpful for the ITB formation as well as the plasma core fuelling in the reversed shear tokamak reactor, but the deep pellet penetration is not effective in the helical reactor.

A non-contact measuring method on electrostatic potential by using α-ray ionization is proposed. In this method potential of a charged material is estimated from ionic current flowing through an ion collector attached with a small 241Am source. As hade electrode surrounding the collector has a function of adjusting sensitivity and potential up to 50 kV was measured with precision of 1 kV.