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To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.2009.01162.x Byline: Gordon M. Winder (1) Keywords: environmental history; grassland revolution Abstract: Abstract The grassland revolution is a national story but the intensification of New Zealand pastoral agriculture was made possible by many changes in farm practice, and application varied within New Zealand. This paper identifies aggregation issues in the narrative and explores their implications for any reassessment of the revolution. Data from six counties are analysed to illustrate some of the varied experiences across New Zealand farm districts. The paper redirects attention to local- and farm-scale studies as a way to investigate the significance of the diverse drivers of pastoral productivity, their timing and effects. Author Affiliation: (1)Seminar fur Wirtschaftsgeschichte, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munich, Germany Article note: Formerly at the School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Gordon Winder is continuing his historical geography research in the Economic History programme at the LMU Munich., E-mail: Gordon.Winder@econhist.vwl.uni-muenchen.de

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2006.05.002 Byline: Gordon M. Winder Abstract: The McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. displayed its harvesting machinery at world fairs and agricultural fairs, using these events to build respectability for its machines and in support of sales and advertising claims. Records of the company reveal the firm's competitive behaviour at these fairs and their associated field trials for agricultural machinery. Analysis of company advertisements, catalogues, and correspondence on fairs and field trials reveals the way McCormick used these events, the extent and nature of international competition, and the nature of the world stage for industrial competition. Cyrus Hall McCormick, founder of the company, learning from his Crystal Palace success of 1851 and his even earlier experience with fairs in the USA, represented his reaper as a global product, made in America and internationally successful. Indeed, at the fairs McCormick's machines were embroiled in internecine warfare among an international brotherhood of manufacturers in pursuit of common goals and using a common repertoire of tactics, if not identical machines. This is because 'American harvesting machines' were a trans-national phenomenon. The paper concludes that globalisation was occurring in harvesting machinery and suggests that problems emerge from considering international competition in this industry as a contest among distinct national economies. Author Affiliation: School of Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.2006.00048.x Byline: Gordon M. Winder Keywords: archipelago; network; port city; urban system Abstract: Abstract: In 1908 Auckland City was the commercial hub for a small and remote provincial economy and cannot have supported more than modest, locally orientated enterprises. This paper argues that such a view is conditioned by a 'landlubber's gaze'. By envisaging a seafarer alighting on the City's wharves from a 1908 steamship to encounter the city's commercial heart, it demonstrates that Queen Street opened to a maritime world where Auckland enterprises enjoyed extensive networks and markets. Indeed, Auckland's 'floating world' rivalled its 'residential world'. Such an approach may force us to recast Auckland Province in archipelago and network terms. Article note: E-mail: g.winder@auckland.ac.nz

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.2006.00052.x Byline: Gordon M. Winder (1), Matthew Henry (2) Keywords: historical atlas; urban heritage; walking tours Abstract: Abstract: This paper discusses three walking tour guides prepared for the 12th International Conference of Historical Geographers. It argues that the guides are innovative in terms of format, content and ironic sensibility. It construes them as devices for re-imagining Auckland's urban heritage. Author Affiliation: (1)School of Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand (2)School of People, Environment and Planning, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand Article note: E-mail: g.winder@auckland.ac.nz

Despite the hiatus in farm expansion from 1880 to 1900, Canadian-owned Massey-Harris became a competitive multinational corporation as American branch plants arrived in Ontario. This equivocal performance in Canada's agricultural implements industry poses problems for explanations of Canada's branch plant economy. Most commentators blame an ill-conceived National Policy for promoting and protecting inefficient industry and frustrating industrial development. In reviewing their explanations, I use systematic comparisons among plants as well as between the Ontario, New York, Ohio, and Illinois industries. I argue that Canada's National Policy was an effective industrial policy that promoted competitive implement manufacture under the constraints of Victorian era technology. Problems emerged in the 1880s, however, as Chicago firms developed mass production in harvesting machinery, and these became entrenched as gasoline tractor development swept the industry after 1900. Ontario firms struggled, but they outperformed competitors in New York and Ohio, who had been industry leaders in 1880. Canada's branch plant economy in the farm machinery industry was made in Chicago and by mechanical engineers, not in Ottawa and by politicians. Keywords: Innis, National Policy, branch plant economy, foreign direct investment, agricultural implements industry, globalization, En depit de l'hiatus dans l'expansion du parc agricole entre 1880 et 1900, la societe canadienne Massey-Harris est devenue une grande societe multinationale competitive l'orsque des usines-succursales americaines ont fait [...]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.2009.1150_6.x Byline: Gordon M. Winder

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.2007.00113.x Byline: Gordon M. Winder