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This study aimed to i) analyse learning problems in science at boarding schools for junior high school students and ii) determine the effectiveness of science learning in the context of Islamic teachings using the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, -religion (STEM-R) approach to improve reflective and critical thinking skills. The research method applied in this study was a sequential exploratory mixed method. The research design consisted of five stages: i) qualitative data gathering, ii) qualitative data analysis, iii) quantitative data gathering, iv) quantitative data analysis, and v) data interpretation. The subjects of this study were 192 students from boarding schools and were divided into 6 groups. The research results obtained were the school, parents, science teachers and religion teachers' vision and mission causing students to like or dislike science. An excellent teacher is viewed by students as someone who can make learning enjoyable, exhibit creativity in presenting educational material, possess the ability to motivate, link science and religion, engage in investigative activities, infuse humour, establish connections between science and everyday life, and communicate concepts effectively. Moreover, distinctions in reflective thinking and critical thinking abilities were observed between the experimental group and the control group. Learning that connects science and Islamic religion and examines STEM-R aspects is able to develop students' thinking skills.

The review article presents an analysis of the literature on environmental literacy in sustainable development. By utilizing techniques to examine multiple documents published between 2013 and 2023, including citation analysis, co-authorship analysis, subject area analysis, and keyword analysis, this study aims to provide valuable information and insights into the research landscape surrounding environmental literacy and its contribution to promoting sustainable development. A systematic search was conducted to gather several scientific articles, conference papers, and publications from the Scopus database from 2013 to 2023. The findings of this analysis shed light on authors, influential institutions, and active research groups that contributed to the study of environmental literacy and sustainable development. This comprehensive review offers an understanding of the state of research in this field while identifying areas for further exploration and research gaps. The insights gained from this study can be highly beneficial for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to advance knowledge and take action toward promoting literacy's role in sustainable development. This analysis is a foundation for advancing our understanding of literacy's significance while emphasizing its vital role in sustainable development efforts.

In the 21st-century, we need a generation who can read and face the challenges of the times. The research aimed to master patterns of science with the next generation science standards (NGSS) standards of junior high school students in north coastal areas of Java Island. The research method is quantitative expose-facto and subjects were 228 students determined by purposive sampling. The students who come from Tegal, Pekalongan, Pati and Demak Regencies north coastal Java Island, Indonesia. The results showed a significant difference between the achievement of students in Tegal, Pekalongan, Pati, and Demak Regencies (p=0.012; [direct proportionality]=0.05). Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, there was a significant difference between the groups of students' achievements in mastery of science oriented NGSS. It can be concluded that the achievement among students from four different regions is quite significant. Students from families with middle and upper economic levels have low achievement but students with low economic levels have high academic achievement.

Pre-service teachers need creative thinking and problem solving skills to support their teaching quality. The aims of this research: (1) problems in science teaching, creative thinking and problem solving skills of pre-service teachers; (2) improvements of creative thinking and problem solving skills of pre-service teachers through Ethno-SETSaR Science Teaching Approach, and (3) relationship pattern of critical thinking and problem solving skills. The research method applied in this study was sequential exploratory mix method. The research design consisted of five stages: (1) qualitative data gathering; (2) qualitative data analysis; (3) quantitative data gathering; (4) quantitative data analysis and (5) data interpretation. The subjects of this research were 80 pre-service teachers from two universities. The research instruments were essay tests of creative and problem solving skills. The data analysis used was independent T Test. It could be concluded from qualitative study that science teaching practice was still oriented on content knowledge mastery. It did not improve creative thinking and problem solving skills. Science teaching with Ethno-SETSaR approach was applied as foundation to quantitative study. The result of quantitative study was there was difference in creative thinking and problem solving skills of pre-service teachers. The pre-service teachers enrolling science teaching with Ethno-SETSaR approach had higher scores. There was correlation of creative thinking affecting problem solving skills.

Proses Islamisasi di Pulau Jawa kurun waktu abad 15 M-16 M berjalan dengan damai tanpa peperangan. Ja'far Shadiq, yang populer panggil Sunan Kudus, seorang wali yang berjasa dalam penyebaran Islam di Jawa pada abad ke-16 M. Sunan Kudus mengeluarkan fatwa kepada masyarakat Kudus waktu itu, agar tidak menyembelihan sapi. Fatwa itu, seakan berlawanan dengan ajaran Islam yang menghalalkan penyembelihan sapi baik untuk konsumsi atau ibadah kurban. Menariknya, fatwa tersebut masih diamalkan oleh masyarakat Kudus hingga saat ini. Dewasa ini, sebagian umat Islam, terutama kalangan tekstualis mempermasalahkan larangan tersebut karena dianggap tidak sesuai dengan ajaran Islam. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah memahami kembali maksud sebenarnya dari fatwa tersebut agar semua kalangan mampu menyikapinya dengan bijak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan berbagai data lapangan maupun tertulis dari buku maupun jurnal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pertama fatwa larangan penyembelihan sapi oleh Sunan Kudus tidak lepas dari keadaan atau konteks sosial, agama dan budaya pada zamannya. Kedua, merupakan bagian dari proses strategi dakwah toleran yang ia lakukan untuk melangsungkan proses Islamisasi. Ketiga, larangan tersebut sebagai bentuk penghormatan tradisi dan keyakinan agama lain, bukan melarang secara hukum mutlak dan permanen, sehingga memungkinkan diperbolehkan menyembelih sapi pada waktu dan tempat yang tepat. Hasil penelitian ini dapat berkontribusi dalam upaya meneguhkan kembali bahwa penghormatan tradisi lokal menjadi point penting untuk memperkuat paradigma moderasi beragama

Nematodes Meloidogyne spp. is the most important phytonematode in the world, especially in agriculture in tropical areas. The level of root damage to tomato plants caused by the nematode Meloidogyne spp. can reach 68.3%. In general, control of plant parasitic nematodes is still carried out using pesticides in the form of insecticides which can also be used as nematicides. Continuous use of chemicals to control nematodes can cause environmental pollution, resurgence and nematode resistance to chemicals. One alternative control is biological. One of the biological agents that can be used to control Meloidogyne nematodes is the endophytic fungus Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma asperellum. The research aims to obtain the best isolates of endophytic fungi for controlling rootknot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). The isolates tested were 2 Beauveria bassiana isolates and 2 Trichoderma asperellum isolates. The results showed that the fungus isolate Beauveria bassiana isolate TD312 had a higher ability to control Meloidogyne spp on tomatoes.

The Al-Qur'an educational park or TPQ is classified as non-formal education which aims to realize tafaqquh fi al-din (deepening the Islamic religion) activities. Juridically, this kind of education is covered by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the national education system and Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 55 of 2007 concerning religious education and religious education. In article 14 in paragraph 2 it is stated that Al-Qur'an education is carried out in formal, non-formal and informal channels. Based on these regulations, TPQ has a big role in building the foundation of a child's character. In its realization, TPQ is equivalent to kindergarten (TK), meaning that religious education emphasizes providing basic lessons in reading the Koran. Meanwhile, learning the Koran at TPQ will play a strategic role in instilling Islamic character in children. TPQ learning is required to have pedagogical methods that are reliable, easy, and able to arouse students' interest in learning. Currently, TPQ is starting to compete in realizing quality TPQ management by emphasizing the content of character education in it. The strategic role of TPQ is deemed necessary to carry out research on how TPQ improves the quality of learning so that student output is quality and has character. The stages of the research method were carried out by observing, interviewing kiai, ustad, Islamic boarding school students, and carrying out documentation in the field. From these three stages, conclusions were drawn in order to find out and find novelty in this research. This research uses a qualitative approach to case study design, so that the researcher is the key to the research and is absolutely present at the research location. Next, the researcher will conduct in-depth interviews with Kiai, Ustad or Ustadah (respondents) intensively, preparing questions related to improving the quality of learning at TPQ. Research findings: Kiai as Figurehead/Symbol (leader, liaison, monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson as well as entrepreneur, disturbance handler, provider of all resources, and negotiator). The focus of this research is Kiai as Figurehead/Symbol (leader, liaison, monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson as well as entrepreneur, disturbance handler, provider of all resources, and negotiator.

The Roasting process was an important step to generate good-quality roasted coffee beans. Two factors that affected coffee bean perfection were roasting time and temperature. An appropriate time and temperature will emphasize the greatest coffee bean aroma, color, and flavor, while the speed of the roasting process depends on the number of stirring fins in a roasted machine. The purpose of this study was to optimization time, temperature, and stirring fin number in the roasting process to generate the best cupping test roasted coffee beans. The Central Composite Design (CCD) was used in this study to determine Response Surface model. Minitab 17 and Design Expert 4.0 software used to determine the combination for all variables. Robusta green bean was taken from Kota Agung Timur, Lampung, which had density of 701—750 g/L. The result recommended roasted coffee bean was at 213oC for 16.7 minutes and used 3 stirring fins. This condition will generate cupping test score 84.92 which is define as Excellent in score notation criteria. CCD methods has develop an equation from optimal process to predict roasted coffee bean cupping test quality i.e., Y = 85.6 – 0.0088X1 – 1.2X2 – 11.06X3 + 0.000043X12 – 0.038X22 – 0.70X32 + 0.01000X1X2 + 0.0625X1X3 + 0.300X2X3.

Salafi merupakan gerakan pembaharu islam yang mengaku sebagai kelompok yang mengikuti ajaran islam murni seperti salafu al-sholih. Kaum ini disebut sebagai wahabi oleh kelompok lain, karena menisbatkan kelompok ini kepada pendirinya yaitu Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab. Tentunya antara pengikut dan pendiri sedikit banyak memiliki korelasi diantara keduanya dalam berbagai aspek. Tujuan penelitian ini akan meneliti bagaimana korelasi tersebut menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, terkhusus menggunakan intrumen kepustakaan dan observasi. Mulai dari ajarannya, sampai metode dakwahnya. Selanjutnya, data yang dikumpulkan akan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi dan filosofis. Melihat penelitian sebelumnya yang membahas hanya tentang korelasi ajaran saja, dan belum sampai menyentuh ranah metode dakwah secara eksplisit. Maka, upaya mengkorelasikan sampai pada taraf metode dakwahnya mengemuka. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dakwah yang dilancarkan oleh gerakan salafi itu berkorelasi dengan doktrin pendirinya, yaitu menyerukan islam murni yang kembali kepada Al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah. Tak hanya itu, metode dakwahnya pun sama, yaitu melalui sesuatu yang sangat berpengaruh di zamannya masing-masing. Jika Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab melalui para pemimpin, maka gerakan salafi di Indonesia di zaman sekarang melalui media sosial yang dapat dilihat oleh banyak orang.

This study aims to: (1) produce an appropriate Edu-Detective Thinking learning model, (2) produce a practical Edu-Detective Thinking learning model, and (3) produce an effective Edu-Detective Thinking learning model to improve environmental character, science processes skill, and students' cognitive processing abilities. This type of Research Development research refers to the Borg Gall development model, which includes: (1) preliminary study and information gathering, (2) planning, (3) initial product development, (4) preliminary field testing, (5) product revision main field, (6) main field testing, (7) operational product, (8) operational field testing, (9) final product revision, (10) dissemination implementation. Data on product validity and practicality were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets. Then, the data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. Meanwhile, the effectiveness data were collected by test questions and analyzed using the MANOVA test. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the Edu-Detective Thinking learning model is feasible to improve the environmental character, science process skills, and students' cognitive processing abilities, (2) the practical Edu-Detective Thinking learning model to improve environmental character, science process skills, and students' cognitive processing abilities, and (3) the Edu-Detective Thinking learning model is effective for improving the environmental character, science process skills, and students' cognitive processing abilities. Thus, it can be concluded that the Edu-Detective Thinking model can be an alternative learning model to improve the quality of biology learning to be more challenging and fun for students.

In this work, the effects of geometry transition of the upstream channel on the performance of an undershot water wheel were investigated. For that purpose, we carried out experiments using an undershot water wheel model with a diameter of Ø=480 mm, the width of l=100 mm, the number of blades of 12, and the radius of blade curvature of R=170 mm, which was installed on a flow channel with the width of 250 mm. The upstream channel was modified by installing flow guides with different entry angles (α=30o, α=45o, and α=60o), and their effects were investigated by measuring the mechanical power of the water wheel and capturing the flow pattern at the upstream of the water wheel, under the flow rates of Q=10 l/s and Q=14 l/s. The experimental results show that the higher the flow rate, the stronger the effects of the flow guides on the performance of the water wheel. Under the considered experimental conditions, the highest performance was achieved for the flow guide with entry angles of α=30o at the flow rate of Q=14 l/s, for which the water wheel produces mechanical power of 22 Watt with an efficiency of 40,37%. It can be observed that the flow guide with the gradual transition (lower entry angle) introduces a more uniform flow pattern that results in a higher water wheel performance, while the flow guide with the sharp transition (higher entry angle) introduces the crossing flow pattern that reduces the performance of the water wheel.

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of a waterwheel with a breastshot using a nozzle. The test was carried out experimentally on a laboratory scale and to anticipate the relatively large size of the program because of the complexity in data acquisition and control, the Arduino Mega 2560 board was used. In this study, a breastshot-type waterwheel with 12 blades with a water flow rate of 12 liters/second was used. By using the analysis, the results show that the mechanical data and the efficiency of the wheel are affected by the flow of water hitting the blade using a nozzle. The tilt angle of the nozzle is very important, the steeper the nozzle, the faster the water flow will hit the blade of the wheel. In the rotation test (rpm), the highest mechanical power and efficiency at the use of a single nozzle with an angle (25 °) of the highest efficiency is 86.34% at 76 rpm, which is 33 Watt and the lowest power is 15 Watt at 19 rpm with an efficiency of 39.76% at discharge 12 liters / second. While the use of a double nozzle with an angle (25 ° -15 °) has the highest efficiency of 89.26% at 63 rpm, which is 37 Watt and the lowest power is at 16 rpm, which is 14 Watt, with an efficiency of 35.4% at a discharge of 15 liters / second.

Land conditions in Sungkai, Padang City, have slopes and high rainfall. The causes low water absorption capacity. For this reason, it is necessary to plant plants that can help increase water absorption, one of which is bamboo plants. This activity was carried out on November 6, 2021, to empower the community of farmer groups in the Andalas University campus with a focus group discussion on agricultural issues and planting bamboo trees. The activity consists of four stages: preparation, counselling/socialization, focus group discussion, and field practice. There are five main problems to solve. The issues found are 1) how to handle flooding in the river; 2) how to control plant-disturbing organisms without using chemicals; 3) new land clearing methods so as not to damage the environment; 4) how to obtain and treat good seeds and seedlings before planting, and 5) farmer group dynamics and their resolution. Planting bamboo is one of the steps to deal with the problem of flooding. Bamboo has a very tight, broad, and strong root system to strengthen the soil structure and withstand water runoff. Bamboo plants can also become new hosts of pests that damage cultivated plants. The service team synergizes with extension workers to understand bamboo, which can be an alternative in sustainably conserving soil and water.

Various studies have been carried out to obtain proper management for atherosclerosis. Proteasome, a subcellular enzyme complex, is a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. However, the effect of proteasome inhibitors on atherosclerosis still needs to be explored. It was an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau in Juni–November 2021. This study aimed to analyze the effects of proteasome inhibitors on catalase expression and intima-media thickness (IMT) in the thoracic aorta of atherosclerotic rats. Fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (five rats per group), namely rats given standard feed (control, group I), rats induced atherosclerosis (group II), and rats induced atherosclerosis and given proteasome inhibitor (group III). The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, 50 µg/kgBW/day was given intraperitoneally on days one and three. After 4 days, rats were terminated, and the thoracic aorta was taken for the IMT analysis and catalase expression assessment using immunohistochemistry. Catalase expression was carried out quantitatively using Adobe Photoshop software. Analysis of variance test was used to compare the expression of catalase and IMT. A p value

Background: Formative assessment is an important assessment in medical education. Formative assessment strengthens the learning process, consolidates learning materials, strengthens learning behavior and improves student performance in learning. Formative assessment must have a place in the student assessment regulatory system to increase educational outcomes. Formative assessment needs to be continuously developed, especially assessment as learning to encourage student participation in monitoring the process and progress of their learning. This study aims to determine whether the application of self-tests and interactive quizzes created by students can improve summative exam results. In particular, it aims to determine the relationship between the results of the self-test developed by students with the results of summative assessment, and to find out whether there are differences in summative assessment results between the group that took the self-test and received the interactive quiz with the group that did not take the self-test and did not get the interactive quiz. Methods: This study was a cross sectional experimental study. Number of samples was 174 people, consisting of 87 intervention groups and 87 control groups. The sample was selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling. Results: The results of the self-test and the summative assessment results showed a significant relationship with sig (2-tailed) of 0.000, the Pearson correlation coefficient 0.563, indicating a strong relationship. The result of the summative assessment, the intervention group was 70.54 significantly higher than that of the control group 64.13. Analysis of differences using the independent T Test sig 0.000. Conclusion: Student self-tests and interactive quizzes have been proven to improve student summative exam results in learning block psychiatry.

The macapat song in Indonesia has been widely studied and has become an interesting topic for international analysis. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the extent to which the tembang macapat has been researched and published in reputable international journals. This study analyzes the literature from 1981 to 2021, identifies the publications each year, the number of articles and their authors, the most researched topics, and how interested they are in those topics. The data came from the Scopus database which was analyzed by the bibliometric method. The results of this study found articles about tembang macapat were published in Scopus indexed journals and topics related to macapat, namely ketoprak, cross-cultural perspectives, social change perspectives, Javanese, writing, and a few others. From the results of this visualization, it is necessary to increase the publication of research results in the international arena so that everything contained in the macapat song can also be known not only in Indonesia.

Meloidogyne spp. is one of the nematodes that cause root-knot on tomato plants. The botanical nematicide that potentially suppresses the nematode is castor bean leaves (Ricinus communis Linnaeus) extract. This research aimed to get the lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) of castor bean leaves extract against nematode larvae in-vitro and their effect on the development of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in-planta on tomato plant. The research was carried out in Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory and Greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Andalas, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two stages; in-vitro and in-planta. The research was used the experiment method in-vitro testing consists of six treatments and five replications, and in-planta testing consists of three treatments and nine replications. The result showed that the application of castor bean leaves extracts invitro can suppress Meloidogyne spp. larvae with LC50 by 0,27% and LC95 by 0,87%. The application of castor bean leaves extract in-planta with treatment concentration 2xLC95 (1,74%) showed effectiveness by 74,69% against the developments of Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plant roots.

The results of education in Indonesia are considered unsuccessful, especially at the primary and secondary levels. The Program for International Students Assessment (PISA) assessment of the literacy abilities (mathematics, science, and language) of students from around the world respectively in 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012. The purpose of this study was to develop a science comic module media approach. STEM for grade V students. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) research. The development model used is 4D from Thiagarajan (1974). The sample technique used is purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using interviews, questionnaires and tests. Data analysis using descriptive statistics. The research results obtained (1) MOKOSA media needs to be developed based on a preliminary study, there is no media that packs comics and STEM. (2) STEM-based MOKOSA is feasible and valid based on the results of media validation, material and student responses with very good categories Keywords: Development, MOSAKO, STEM, Literacy, Elementary School

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Anthracnose or leaf fall disease caused by Gloeosporium gloeosporioides is a pathogen that attacks cocoa plants during the nursery phase and production. This study aimed to obtain the best rhizobacteria, which can induce cocoa seeds resistance to anthracnose and increase seedling growth. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, in 2019, using a randomized block design with 32 treatments and three replications. The treatments were the different isolates, sourced from Guguak (GK1, GK2, GK3), Akabiluru (AK1, AK2), Lubuk Minturun (LM1, LM2), Tanjung Alai (TA1, TA2, Ta3, TA4, TA5, TA6, TA7, TA8 , TA9, TA10, TA11, TA12, TA13, TA14, TA15, TA16, TA17, TA18), Singkarak (SK1, SK2, SK3, SK4, SK6), and two controls. The results showed that AK2 isolates from Akabiluru could suppress the development of anthracnose and support the growth of cocoa seedlings. The application of AK2 isolates was able to extend the incubation period of G. gloeosporioides, reduce the incidence of disease and the rate of disease infection, and help increase the number of areas and leaf numbers. Keywords: Anthracnose, cocoa seedling, Gloeosporium gloeosporioides, plant induction, Rhizobacteria

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of depth variations of the bowl blade on the performance of kinetic turbines. The test has conducted experimentally on a laboratory scale. In this study three vertical shaft, kinetic turbines were used with blade depth variations of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm. Each turbine will be tested on different rotation variations and flowrate variations. Parameters such as turbine power and efficiency will be determined based on the results of measurements of water velocity, water level, and braking load. The results showed that the depth of the bowl blade affected the performance of the kinetic turbine. The highest kinetic turbine performance was obtained in the turbine with 4 cm blade depth variation, followed by the turbine with 3 cm blade depth variation and the lowest turbine performance was obtained at 2 cm blade depth variation. The maximum performance of the turbine is obtained at 4 cm blade depth variation at 80 rpm and 65 m3/h water discharge, where the power generated is 13.2 Watts and efficiency is 34.5%.

Mahkota dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl] contains saponin that can be used as a botanical pesticide, including molluscicide. This study aimed to obtain the most effective storage time of leaf crude extract of mahkota dewa on the mortality of golden snail. The application was carried out in the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture of Universitas Andalas from March to May 2019. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of time of storage, i.e., 0 day (2 hours), two days, four days, six days, and eight days those were applied to early-stage, late-stage, male and female of golden snail. The results showed that all storage time of mahkota dewa leaf crude extract had the same effect on early state golden snail mortality. However, at late state golden snail 0 day and two days, storage times were the best. Two days of storage time caused mortality of early-stage, late-stage, and male adult of the golden snail, however, 0 days (2 hours) for female adult. Keywords: Mahkota dewa, golden snail, storage time

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have been reported to be one of the primary pathogens that decreased tomato production in Indonesia. Biological control of root-knot nematodes by using parasitic fungus as like as Paecilomyces lilacinus is still limited. An effective application of parasitic fungi could be successful by managing a suitability application time. The study aimed to determine the suitability of the application time of the P.lilacinus in controlling root-knot nematodes on tomato. The study was conducted in farmers' land that was infected by root-knot nematodes. The experiment was done in a randomized block design with applying P.lilacinus isolates on 12, 8, and 4 days before planting, planting time, and 4, 8, 12 days after planting. All treatments were repeated four times. The application of P. lilacinus onto tomato root at planting time was better at suppressing the development of root-knot nematode compared to applications made before or after planting. P. lilacinus was able to suppress the number of root-knot (66.08%), the number of egg groups (77.33%), the number of eggs (26.79%), and the number of nematodes in the soil (82.20%). Keywords: Application time, Meloidogyne spp., Paecilomyces lilacinus, tomato

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) serves as a serological marker for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. People with HBV asymptomatic infection might readily donate blood due to the lack of clinical manifestations. Host immunity contributes to susceptibility and progression of infection. A polymorphism in IL-10 gene promoter, rs1800896, might contribute to host immunity. This study was conducted on May 2019 – January 2020 in Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau on 70 blood samples from donors in the Indonesian Red Cross Pekanbaru. Out of these samples, 35 were reactive for HBsAg and 35 donors were nonreactive. Genotyping of rs1800896 was conducted using Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS-PCR). In total, The distribution of AA (74.3%), AG (24.3%), and GG (1.4%) genotypes revealed in this study seemed to be similar to genotype distribution among East and South-East Asian populations. While no significant difference was observed on age mean and gender distribution, a significant difference was identified in genotype distribution between HBsAg status (p-value 0.028) with the percentage of AA genotype was higher among HBsAg-nonreactive donors (85.7%) compared to reactive donors (62.9%). More studies should be conducted to characterize HBsAg-reactive blood donors, including the donor characteristics and the viral genotypes. Such studies should contribute to hepatitis B management in Indonesia.

The base metal used in this study was high strength low alloy (HSLA) AH-36 steel. The welding process used the E6013 as a rutile electrode. Four rutile electrodes were produced by adding Mg metal powder, ranging from 0 to 5 wt.%, to the initial electrode layer in such a way as to obtain Mn and Si deposits according to ANSI/AWS standard A5.1-91. The shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) method was used with heat inputs of 1.5 kJ/mm and 2.5 kJ/mm. The tensile property, Charpy-V impact, and microhardness tests were performed to measure the mechanical properties of the weld metal. The observation of the metallographic structure was performed using an optical microscope. The results showed that with the increase of Mg layer content, the metal-oxygen level decreased, and the content of Mn and Si increased. The toughness and tensile strength of AH-36 steel improved, and the optimal Mg content is determined.

Siswa Sekolah Dasar pada umumnya anak usia sekitar umur 6 – 12 tahun merupakan tahap penting bagi penerapan pendidikan karakter bahkan hal yang fundamental bagi kesuksesan perkembangan karakter peserta didik. SDI Miftahul Huda Plosokandang Kedungwaru Tulungagung telah menerapkan pendidikan karakter. Peserta didik di SD Islam Miftahul Huda Plosokandang Kedungwaru Tulungagung ditunjukkan dengan peserta didik yang selalu bersalaman ketika guru baru datang. Pendidikan karakter dalam pembiasaan di sekolah perlu diterapkan guna membentuk karakter dari para peserta didik pembiasaan ini dapat dilakukan melalui budaya 3S. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi: 1). wawancara, (2). observasi, (3). dokumentasi. Pada saat pengumpulan data, data yang telah diperoleh diuji dengan menggunakan metode triangulasi dan ketekunan pengamatan dan keabsahan data. Dari hasil analisis data terbukti: 1) Pendidikan karakter siswa dalam membentuk sikap 3S kelas III di SD Islam Miftahul Huda Plosokandang Kedungwaru Tulungagung, dapat dibuktikan dari hasil angket siswa bahwa rata-rata atau prosentase yang diperoleh mengenai pendidikan karakter siswa dalam membentuk sikap 3S yaitu 81.31 dalam predikat atau kategori Baik. Rata-rata atau prosentase yang diperoleh mengenai observasi siswa yaitu yaitu 82.22 dalam predikat atau kategori Baik. Rata-rata atau prosentase observasi guru yaitu yaitu 91.11 dalam predikat atau kategori Sangat Baik. 2) Pendidikan karakter siswa dalam membentuk sikap 3S kelas III di SD Islam Miftahul Huda Plosokandang Kedungwaru Tulungagung dilakukan dengan jalan: a) penerapan pendidikan karakter religius siswa dilakukan dengan pembelajaran iman dan taqwa dan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dengan adanya doa di awal pembelajaran dan doa di akhir pembelajaran. b) penerapan pendidikan karakter disiplin siswa dilakukan dengan diadakannya peraturan tata tertib yang sudah ditetapkan di sekolah. c) penerapan pendidikan karakter cinta damai siswa dilakukan dengan selalu memberikan arahan kepada siswa untuk selalu bersosialisasi dengan siswa yang lain. 3) Faktor pendukung penerapan pendidikan karakter 3S yaitu guru selalu datang lebih awal, sehingga siswa datang mengucapkan salam dan menyapa kepada guru-gurunya. Faktor penghambat penerapan pendidikan karakter 3S yaitu masih adanya siswa yang datang terlambat, sehingga membuat program 3S menjadi kurang lancar dan siswa yang terlambat, harus menunggu dibukakan pintu oleh guru kelas.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (rhizobacteria)) is a soil bacterium that lives in the root region (rhizosphere), actively colonizes plant roots, can suppress pathogens, and increase plant growth. This study aims to obtain rhizobacterial isolates that have the potential to suppress cob rot disease in planta or in vitro and increase the growth of corn plants. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) for in planta with 15 rhizobacterial treatments, positive control (without F. verticillioides inoculation), and negative controls (F. verticillioides inoculation). Each procedure was repeated three times, and each replication consisted of 3 plants. In vitro testing using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 15 rhizobacterial treatments and one control. Each repeated three times. Data were analyzed using variance analysis, if significantly different, continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a 5% level. The results showed that LA2MKB 5.2 isolate was the isolate that had the best ability to suppress the development of F. verticillioides in planta with total effectiveness of 90.14%. LMTSA 5.4 isolate is the isolate that has the highest percentage of inhibition of dual culture in its ability as an antagonist of F. verticillioides in vitro, which is 7.20%.

Cabai merah merupakan sumber pendapatan utama bagi petani di daerah Tanah Datar. Masalah utama yang selalu dihadapi oleh petani cabai di daerah ini adalah serangan hama dan penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil yang cukup tinggi. Hingga saat ini, pengendalian hama dan penyakit sayuran masih mengandalkan pestisida sintetik yang telah menimbulkan dampak negatif. Untuk itu, perlu dicari alternatif pengendalian yang dapat mengurangi dampak negatif pestisida tersebut, yaitu menggunakan agens hayati seperti cendawan Beauveria bassiana dan Trichoderma sp.Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan dan memasyarakatkan pengendalian hama dan penyakit menggunakan agens hayati Beauveria bassiana dan Trichoderma sp. Metode kegiatan pengabdian adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan dan praktek lapangan. Minat petani untuk menggunakan agens hayati terutama Beauveria bassiana dan Trichoderma cukup tinggi dan telah memotivasi mereka untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sintetis. Petani juga telah berhasil memperbanyak agens hayati dan membuat kompos limbah pertanian menggunakan Trichoderma.

Penggunaan bahan ajar dalam pembelajaran IPA sangat penting karena dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dalam peningkatan hasil belajar siswa Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh penggunaan bahan ajar digital interaktif dalam pembelajaran IPA dengan model discovery learning terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIII MTsN 3 Ponorogo. Penelitian quasi-eksperimen ini menggunakan posttest-only group design. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari penerapan bahan ajar digital interaktif dengan model discovery learning terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Dengan demikian, penggunaan bahan ajar digital interaktif dengan model discovery learning bisa digunakan oleh guru untuk mengakomodasi kemampuan kognitif siswa sehingga prestasi belajar siswa dapat meningkat.

The effects of MnFe2O4 nanocatalyst addition toward HDPE plastic waste pyrolysis have been investigated by performing experiments on METTLER TOLEDE TGA DSC1 Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer at heating rates of 10oC/min by nitrogen and temperatures range from room temperature to 1000oC. The results of pyrolysis showed that the main polymer components of HDPE plastic waste, both, with and without MnFe2O4 nanocatalyst addition degraded in one stage. The MnFe2O4 nanocatalyst addition increases the maximum mass loss rate of HDPE plastic waste pyrolysis, however, it increase the degradation of the initial temperature.

The attack of Brontispa longissima has spread to almost all coconut plantations in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the attack level of B.longissima on dwarf and tall varieties and the number of fruit in Solok Regency. A survey with purposive random sampling was done. The parameters observed were the percentage of plants attacked, the percentage of midribs attacked, and the number of the coconut fruit. The results showed that the highest percentage of coconut attacked by B. longissima occurred on the tall variety (83.34%) in Gunung Talang Subdistrict, the highest percentage of midribs attack occurred on tall variety (12.67%) in X Koto Singkarak Subdistrict. There was a negative close correlation between the percentage of leaves attacked and the number of coconuts.

Tagetes erecta Linnaeus is classified as a nematisidal plant so that it can control root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). The purpose of this study was to determine the dose of T. erecta leaf powder, which was effective in controlling root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on tomato. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications, namely the effectiveness of several doses of T. erecta leaf powder (control/ no treatment, 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, 20 g, 20 g, 25 g each 5 kg of soil). The results showed that the application of T. erecta leaf powder reduced the amount of root-knot, number of eggs and groups of eggs and the number of nematodes in the soil. The most effective dose was 20 g/ 5 kg of soil.