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The country’s economic development and people’s lives require reliable transportation and logistics services. Therefore, road maintenance policies and techniques must be more comprehensive to ensure transportation infrastructure operations’ efficiency. The inefficiency of road maintenance, among others, is due to the failure to identify and predict the level of damage that can cause fundamental data anomalies. Therefore, the current scientific development of road maintenance must be able to take advantage of the convenience of technology. Widespread technology implementation on the Internet of Think (IoT), big data, and data mining (DM) can be a solution to developing a better pavement management system. However, implementing these technologies is challenging due to the weak conception and availability of currently available resources. This paper offers a pavement system management implementation concept that can be developed in Indonesia to improve the existing system. The study results show that IoT, big data, and DM are believed to support a more intelligent and comprehensive pavement management system. The concept offered consists of three main things: identification of damage and 3D pavement modeling, data analysis, decision support systems, and collaboration of intelligent solutions in implementing maintenance in the field. This paper is equipped with an illustration of the concept of road maintenance based on IoT, big data, and DM, which can be implemented intelligently and simply in Indonesia.

The International Roughness Index (IRI) is widespread in measuring road performance. However, travel time is a more critical benchmark in measuring road performance and the transportation system's performance. Therefore, new studies and models are needed to determine the relationship between IRI and travel time to obtain a segment performance function model influenced by road conditions. The study begins with a traffic condition survey to obtain vehicle travel time data on various road conditions. Assessment of road conditions uses the value of road surface flatness obtained from the results of Hawkeye measurements by carrying out actual travel throughout the national road network of Sulawesi Island. The study results show that the IRI value greatly influences the achievement of travel time as a road performance indicator in Indonesia. The equation of the relationship function of the vehicle travel time in free flow with the value of the flatness of the road surface is y=−6,062x2 +1,068x−1,0873 with R2 0,9314. At the same time, the equation of travel time as a function of road performance is ta = α1 (v/c)β + α1 (v/c) - 6,062x2 + 1,068x - 1,0873.

Optimum performance of station affects on the level of service to the consumer that is train service users. The consumers of station or train always want to have appropriate services, from purchasing ticket in ticket counter until waiting for the train to board or arrive. But, based on earlier research, there were still much candidate of passengers looking for information about transportation upon arrival on the station. The purpose of the writing is to evaluate performance and get hints to make some improvements. While, for intermodal analysis of whole railway stations serving KRD Jenggala has been integrated with nearby terminal through the service of feeder that is Lyn.

The increasing traffic density in Sidoarjo-Mojokerto is caused by the inadequancy of road capacity available to handle the growth of vehicle every years, and as a result, traffic jams arise in the highway, travel time will be extended, and require more cost. Therefore to handle this situation a mode of transportation which can carry a mass of passengger in the same time or a mass rapid transit, is necessary. Every customer demand the best service they can get from the transport provider and as a result that make an important indicator to measure the quality of performance or service. Analysis results reveal that travel in 45 minutes, boarding-alighting ranges from 1-3 minutes, Load factor 0.88. Based on the results of the analysis of the customer satisfaction level of conformity obtained on Jenggala commuter line IPA analysis with an average of 93.5% which shows that the customer are satisfied with the service and with a CSI value of 0.827.

Modern industrial plant operations commonly necessitate a measurement system of the liquids level interface in the oil storage tank. Various advanced-level indicators almost meet the demand, but these may not be in online condition and are less accurate due to sedimentation in the bottom tank. Sedimentation or sludge known as a petroleum hydrocarbons complex emulsion, contained water and solid particles generated during distribution, storage, or even production. The neutron backscatter technique can help the maintenance system of the tank or vessel by measuring sludge levels from outside the wall. This paper presents a non-intrusive method for identifying the interface between two materials in the crude oil storage system. A fast neutron source (241Am-Be) with activity 1 Ci (Ci) and a portable backscattering neutron detector are used for storage tank measurement. The storage tank has an outer diameter (OD) of 34 m and a height of 11 m. Time measurement is 2 s for each position, starting from 0 m to 11 m. The slow neutron intensity can be correlated to the hydrogen concentration inside chemical compounds. The interface between sludge and oil is identified at 27 cm from the bottom plate. The method has the potential for non-destructive measurement of sludge in a refinery facility., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests in relation to this work., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background : Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an appealing source of adult stem cells for cell therapy due to the high rate of proliferation, self-renewal capability, and applicable therapy. Wharton's jelly (WJ), the main component of the umbilical cord extracellular matrix, comprises multipotent stem cells with a high proliferation rate and self-renewal capability and has anti-cancer properties. MSCs have been reported to secrete a variety of cytokines that have a cytotoxic effect in various cancers. Oxygen tension affects MSCs proliferation, cytokines level but no in surface markers expression , MSCs' differentiation . We explored the cytotoxic effect and inducing apoptosis of Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) secretions from normoxic WJMSCs (WJMSCs-norCM) (CM: conditioned medium) and hypoxic WJMSCs (WJMSCs-hypoCM) in breast cancer cell lines (T47D and MCF7). Materials and Methods: Cytotoxic activity was determined using the MTS assay. RT-PCR was performed to measure the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes, specifically P53, BAX, and CASP9, and the antiapoptotic gene BCL-2. Results: WJMSCs-norCM and WJMSCs-hypoCM were potent inhibitors of the proliferation in both cell lines. WJMSCs-norCM had more anticancer activity in T47D and MCF7. The IC 50 value of WJMSCs-norCM on MCF7 was 42.34%, and on T47D was 42.36%. WJMSCs-norCM significantly induced the gene expression of apoptotic P53, BAX, and CASP9 and insignificantly decreased the antiapoptotic gene BCL-2 in both MCF7 and T47D cells. WJMSCs-CM has anticancer activity by inducing P53, BAX, and CASP9 apoptotic genes. Conclusion: WJMSCs-norCM has more anticancer activity than WJMSCs-hypoCM., (Copyright © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Leakage is undesirable in water distribution networks, as leaky pipes are financially costly both to water utilities and consumers. The ability to detect, locate, and quantify leaks can significantly improve the service delivered. Optical fibre sensors (OFS) have previously demonstrated their capabilities in performing real-time and continuous monitoring of pipe strength leak detection. However, the challenge remains due to the high labour cost and time-consuming process for the installation of optical fibre sensors to existing buried pipelines. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of a submersible optical fibre-based pressure sensor that can be deployed without rigid bonding to the pipeline. This paper presents a set of experiments conducted using the proposed sensing strategy for leak detection. The calibrated optical fibre device was used to monitor the internal water pressure in a pipe with simultaneous verification from a pressure gauge. Two different pressure-based leak detection methods were explored. These leak detection methods were based on hydrostatic and pressure transient responses of the optical fibre pressure sensor. Experimental results aided in evaluating the functionality, reliability, and robustness of the submersible optical fibre pressure sensor.