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11. The psychological benefits of Special Olympic involvement

Author

Watts, C.

Subjects
150, GV0445 Physical education for people with disabilities, GV0706 Sports psychology
Abstract

Section A is a review of the current literature on sports involvement with respect to people with learning disabilities. It begins by describing the health status of people with learning disabilities and provides a context of sport and wellbeing in the general population. It continues by describing four reviews of the literature exploring people with learning disabilities with respect to sports involvement. This section ends with a description of the Special Olympics research and suggests future research needs in this area. Section B describes a quantitative cross-sectional study comparing two groups of sports active and non-active people with learning disabilities using several psychological measures. Objectives. There is evidence that people with learning disabilities have poorer mental and physical wellbeing compared with that of the wider population. The aim of this study was to explore whether a group of people with learning disabilities involved in sport differed in terms of psychological well-being compared with a group not involved in sport. Design. A cross sectional design was employed comparing two groups, sports active and non-active on the variables: Self-esteem, quality of life, stress levels and social networks. Methods. Seventy four participants were recruited across South East England. They completed a number of psychological measures. Results. Analysis revealed that self-esteem, quality of life, social networks and stress were all significantly correlated with Special Olympics involvement. A logistic regression analysis was used to explore whether scores on these variables were able to predict sport membership. Self-esteem was found to be a high predictor of group membership, those in the Special Olympics having higher self-esteem. Conclusions. The findings provide further evidence of a positive association between sport involvement and increased psychological wellbeing. The implications of these findings for theory and future research into the relationship between sport and psychological wellbeing within the learning disabled population is considered. Section C is a critical appraisal of the quantitative study that considers four aspects: research skills; amendments to the study if it were replicated; how the study may have influenced clinical practice; and finally, further research and methods relating to this area.

Published
2011

26. A nurse-led approach to urgent results management at Sydney Sexual Health Centre demonstrates benefits to client outcomes and cost savings: a time efficiency and health system cost analysis.

Author

Scally, E., Watts, C. G., Nugent, C., and Houghton, R.

Abstract

Background: The timely provision of test results to facilitate early access to treatment is an essential component of sexually transmissible infection (STI) control and contributes to a significant proportion of the workload at sexual health services. We aimed to estimate the time to deliver client results and treatment as well as the health system costs of the nurse-led urgent results management model at the Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC) compared to an alternative 'ordering clinician' model. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of urgent results managed by the results nurse over 2 weeks in 2019 and an observational study over 2 weeks in 2021, where 10 clinicians managed five of their own urgent results. Additional activity data were gathered to determine the annual health system costs for both models. Results: In the nurse-led model 211 of 280 clients required notification; 156 (73.9%) were notified on the day their results became available, and the median time to treatment (n = 137) was 1 day. The annual health system cost for the nurse-led model was A$3 922 143. In the ordering clinician model, 17 (42.5%) clients were notified on the same day, and of the 27 clients treated at SSHC, the median time to treatment increased to 4 days. The annual health system cost for the ordering clinician model was A$4 043 667.28 compared with the nurse-led model, and an additional 33.3 h per week of clinician time was required for the same level of service provision. Conclusions: This study highlights the strengths of the nurse-led results model at SSHC, demonstrating improved client outcomes for STI notification and treatment times and health systems savings. Pathology results management contributes to a significant proportion of the workload at sexual health services. This study estimates the client outcomes and costs of the existing nurse-led urgent results management model at the Sydney Sexual Health Centre compared to an ordering clinician model. The nurse-led model demonstrated improved time to notification and treatment and health system savings of 33 h of staff time per week and A$121 524 annually. Nurse-led models continue to provide value and effectiveness within sexual health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions

Author

Mazzi, S., Garcia, J., Zarzoso, D., Kazakov, Y., Ongena, J., Dreval, M., Nocente, M., Stancar, Z., Szepesi, G., Eriksson, J., Sahlberg, A., Benkadda, S., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson Sunden, E., Andrew, P., Angelini, B., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V., Banks, J., Baranov, Y., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Ben Yaala, M., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bílkova, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Bozicevic Mihalic, I., Bradnam, S., Braic, V., Brandt, L., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Bromley, K., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Budny, R., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., Cal, E., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Camenen, Y., Canal, G., Cannas, B., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Challis, C., Chamberlain, B., Chang, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, t., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J., Coffey, I., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, C., Collins, J., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, B., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Corradino, C., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Craven, D., Craven, R., Crialesi Esposito, M., Croci, G., Croft, D., Croitoru, A., Crombe, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Crystal, C., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarski, T., Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dale, E., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I., De Bock, M., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., Dempsey, A., Dendy, R., Devynck, P., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickson, T., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R., Donne, A., Dorling, S., Dormido-Canto, S., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, P., Dudding, H., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dux, R., Dvornova, A., Eastham, R., Edwards, J., Eich, T., Eichorn, A., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., Haroun, H., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Embreus, O., Emery, S., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, L., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A., Estrada, T., Evans, G., Evans, S., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falessi, M., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Farquhar, I., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinie, S., Felici, F., Felton, R., Fernandes, A., Fernandes, H., Ferrand, J., Ferreira, D., Ferreira, J., Ferro, G., Fessey, J., Ficker, O., Field, A., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fiorucci, D., Fischer, U., Fishpool, G., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J., Forbes, S., Formisano, A., Fornal, T., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Fowler, C., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fülop, T., Furseman, M., Fusco, V., Futatani, S., Gadariya, D., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Gafezka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gatto, R., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Gelfusa, M., George, R., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, C., Gibson, K., Gil, L., Gillgren, A., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glen, R., Gloggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gore, S., Gorini, G., Görler, T., Gotts, N., Goulding, R., Gow, E., Graham, B., Graves, J., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Gupta, N., Gurl, C., Gusarov, A., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hagg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C., Hamaguchi, D., Hamed, M., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harford, E., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N., Hawkins, J., Hayashi, T., Hazael, S., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heidbrink, B., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hill, J., Hillesheim, J., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hoenen, O., Hogben, C., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hollmann, E., Hoelzl, M., Homan, B., Hook, M., Hopley, D., Horacek, J., Horsley, D., Horsten, N., Horton, A., Horton, L., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S., Howell, R., Hu, Z., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T., Huijsmans, G., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Iliasova, M., lmrie, D., lmrísek, M., lngleby, J., Innocente, P., Insulander Björk, K., Isernia, N., lvanova-Stanik, I., lvings, E., Jablonski, S., Jachmich, S., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Järleblad, H., Jaulmes, F., Jenaro Rodriguez, J., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, J., Jones, C., Jones, G., Jones, L., Jones, N., Jones, T., Joyce, A., Juarez, R., Juvonen, M., Kalnina, P., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kashchuk, Y., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D., Kelly, R., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kennedy, D., Kent, J., Khan, K., Khilkevich, E., Kiefer, C., Kilpeläinen, J., Kim, C., Kim, H., Kim, S., King, D., King, R., Kinna, D., Kiptily, V., Kirjasuo, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Kneale, G., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knights, R., Knipe, S., Knolker, M., Knott, S., Kocan, M., Kochl, F., Kodeli, I., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kominis, Y., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Kos, B., Kos, D., Koslowski, H., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Koziol, K., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krishnan, N., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiezek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kumpulainen, H., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurotaki, H., Kwak, S., Kwon, O., Laguardia, L., Lagzdina, E., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H., Lane, B., Lane, C., Lascas Neto, E., Laszyriska, E., Lawson, K., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Learoyd, G., Lee, C., Lee, S., Leerink, S., Leeson, T., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Leon Gutierrez, E., Lepiavko, B., Leppanen, J., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lewis, J., Leysen, W., Li, L., Li, Y., Likonen, J., Linsmeier, C., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litherland-Smith, E., Liu, F., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P., Lopez, J., Lorenzini, R., Loreti, S., Losada, U., Loschiavo, V., Loughlin, M., Louka, Z., Lovell, J., Lowe, T., Lowry, C., Lubbad, S., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Luna, E., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C., Lunt, T., Lutsenko, V., Lyons, B., Lyssoivan, A., Machielsen, M., Macusova, E., Mäenpää, R., Maggi, C., Maggiora, R., Magness, M., Mahesan, S., Maier, H., Maingi, R., Malinowski, K., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manyer, J., Manzanares, A., Maquet, P., Marceca, G., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Mariani, A., Mariano, G., Marin, M., Marinelli, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marsden, S., Marsh, J., Marshall, R., Martellucci, L., Martin, A., Martone, R., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Masuzaki, S., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P., McClements, K., McClenaghan, J., McCullen, P., McDonald, D., McGuckin, D., McHugh, D., Mclntyre, G., McKean, R., McKehon, J., McMillan, B., McNamee, L., McShee, A., Meakins, A., Medley, S., Meekes, C., Meghani, K., Meigs, A., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merriman, S., Mertens, P., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Michling, R., Middleton, P., Middleton-Gear, D., Mietelski, J., Milanesio, D., Milani, E., Militello, F., Militello Asp, A., Milnes, J., Milocco, A., Miloshevsky, G., Minghao, C., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Miyamoto, M., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Moody, T., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, J., Morales, R., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Morgan, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Morrison, K., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Mrowetz, T., Mundy, T., Muraglia, M., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Muthusonai, N., N'Konga, B., Na, Y., Nabais, F., Naden, M., Naish, J., Naish, R., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M., Nedzelskiy, I., Nemtsev, G., Nesenevich, V., Nestoras, I., Neu, R., Neverov, V., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, A., Nina, D., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J., Nowak, S., Nunn, E., Nystrom, H., Oberparleiter, M., Obryk, B., O'Callaghan, J., Odupitan, T., Oliver, H., Olney, R., O'Mullane, M., Organ, E., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Otsuka, T., Owen, A., Oya, Y., Oyaizu, M., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Packer, L., Paige, S., Pajuste, E., Palade, D., Pamela, S., Panadero, N., Panontin, E., Papadopoulos, A., Papp, G., Papp, P., Parail, V., Pardanaud, C., Parisi, J., Parra Diaz, F., Parsloe, A., Parsons, M., Parsons, N., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Paz Soldan, C., Peacock, A., Pearce, M., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Pereira, T., Perelli Cippo, E., Pereslavtsev, P., Perez von Thun, C., Pericoli, V., Perry, D., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrella, N., Peyman, M., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Pires de Sa, W., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, C., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., Plassche, K., Platt, N., Plyusnin, V., Podesta, M., Pokol, G., Poli, F., Pompilian, O., Popovichev, S., Poradzinski, M., Porfiri, M., Porkolab, M., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Poulipoulis, G., Predebon, I., Prestopino, G., Price, C., Price, D., Price, M., Primetzhofer, D., Prior, P., Provatas, G., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Purahoo, K., Pusztai, I., Putignano, O., Pütterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Radulescu, G., Radulovic, V., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Ralph, G., Ramogida, G., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Rebai, M., Refy, D., Reichle, R., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reynolds, S., Richiusa, M., Richyal, S., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez Ramos, M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rossi, R., Rowe, S., Rowlands, D., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Safi, E., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Sanders, I., Sandiford, D., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sarkimaki, K., Sarwar, R., Sarychev, I., Sauter, O., Sauwan, P., Scapin, N., Schluck, F., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schworer, D., Scott, G., Scott, M., Scraggs, D., Scully, S., Segato, M., Seo, J., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Sharapov, S., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Sheikh, U., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shigin, P., Shinohara, K., Shiraiwa, S., Shiraki, D., Short, M., Sias, G., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silva, J., Silvagni, D., Simfukwe, D., Simpson, J., Sinclair, D., Sipilä, S., Sips, A., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skinner, N., Slater, J., Smith, N., Smith, P., Snell, J., Snoep, G., Snoj, L., Snyder, P., Soare, S., Solano, E., Solokha, V., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Soni, K., Sorokovoy, E., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Spong, D., Sprada, D., Sridhar, S., Srinivasan, C., Stables, G., Staebler, G., Stamatelatos, I., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stead, M., Stefanikova, E., Stephen, A., Stephens, J., Stevenson, P., Stojanov, M., Strand, P., Strauss, H., Strikwerda, S., Ström, P., Stuart, C., Studholme, W., Subramani, M., Suchkov, E., Sumida, S., Sun, H., Susts, T., Svensson, J., Svoboda, J., Sweeney, R., Sytnykov, D., Szabolics, T., Tabia, B., Tadic, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tallargio, A., Tamain, P., Tan, H., Tanaka, K., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taylor, D., Teimane, A., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Teplukhina, A., Terentyev, D., Terra, A., Terranova, D., Terranova, N., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thoren, E., Thorman, A., Tierens, W., Tinguely, R., Tipton, A., Todd, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tookey, A., Torikai, Y., Toussaint, U., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya, D., Turner, I., Turner, M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S., Tyshchenko, M., Uccello, A., Udintsev, V., Urbanczyk, G., Vadgama, A., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Vallhagen, O., Valovic, M., Van Eester, D., Varje, J., Vartanian, S., Vasilopoulou, T., Vayakis, G., Vecsei, M., Vega, J., Ventre, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vila, R., Villari, R., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Virtanen, A., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, G., Vlad, M., Vondracek, P., de Vries, P., Wakeling, B., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R., Waterhouse, J., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Wedderburn Maxwell, H., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welch, P., Wendler, N., West, A., Wheatley, M., Wheeler, S., Whitehead, A., Whittaker, D., Widdowson, A., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Willoughby, D., Wilson, I., Wilson, J., Wilson, T., Wischmeier, M., Wise, P., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D., Wojcik-Gargula, A., Wolfrum, E., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Woodley, R., Woods, B., Wright, J., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yajima, M., Yakovenko, Y., Yang, Y., Yanling, W., Yanovskiy, V., Young, I., Young, R., Zabolockis, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F., Zakharov, L., Zarins, A., Zarzoso Fernandez, D., Zastrow, K., Zayachuk, Y., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zlobinski, M., Zocco, A., Zohar, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zotta, V., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann, W., Zychor, I., Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Plasma Physics (LPP), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (Ukraine), V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (KhNU), Dipartimento di Fisica (Milano), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Milano] (CNR), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant agreement No 633053., Mazzi, S, Garcia, J, Zarzoso, D, Kazakov, Y, Ongena, J, Dreval, M, Nocente, M, Stancar, Z, Szepesi, G, Eriksson, J, Sahlberg, A, Benkadda, S, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, 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K., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann, W., Zychor, I., JET Contributors, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems, Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas, Applied Physics and Science Education, Kazakov, Yo, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Culham Science Centre, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, European Commission, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Universidade Lisboa, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Milan - Bicocca, Aalto University, General Atomics, ITER, University of Toyama, CEA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Royal Military Academy, Seoul National University, Chalmers University of Technology, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and Aalto-yliopisto

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Settore FIS/01, Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari, General Physics and Astronomy, simulation, magnetically confined plasma, nuclear fusion, tokamaks, turbulence suppression, Plasma, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], confinement, transport, Alpha particles, Fusion reactors, Turbulence, physics
Abstract

openaire: EC/H2020/633053/EU//EUROfusion Funding Information: We thank M. Baruzzo and F. Nave for the preparation and execution of JET experiments discussed in this paper; E. de la Luna for support in detailing the experimental diagnostics of JET; A. Ho for assistance in processing the experimental data; T. Görler for providing essential advice to ensure the correct numerical setup for the GENE modelling reported in this paper; Y. Camenen, X. Garbet and A. Bierwage for fruitful discussions about the gyrokinetic analyses; G. Giruzzi for valuable suggestions on the article strategy. The simulations were performed on the IRENE Joliot-Curie HPC system, in the framework of the PRACE projects IONFAST and AFIETC, led by J. Garcia, and on the CINECA Marconi HPC within the project GENE4EP, led by D. Zarzoso. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement no. 633053. The views and opinions express herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Part of the work by Ye. O. Kazakov and J.Ongena was also carried out in the framework of projects done for the ITER Scientist Fellow Network (ISFN). Funding Information: We thank M. Baruzzo and F. Nave for the preparation and execution of JET experiments discussed in this paper; E. de la Luna for support in detailing the experimental diagnostics of JET; A. Ho for assistance in processing the experimental data; T. Görler for providing essential advice to ensure the correct numerical setup for the GENE modelling reported in this paper; Y. Camenen, X. Garbet and A. Bierwage for fruitful discussions about the gyrokinetic analyses; G. Giruzzi for valuable suggestions on the article strategy. The simulations were performed on the IRENE Joliot-Curie HPC system, in the framework of the PRACE projects IONFAST and AFIETC, led by J. Garcia, and on the CINECA Marconi HPC within the project GENE4EP, led by D. Zarzoso. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement no. 633053. The views and opinions express herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Part of the work by Ye. O. Kazakov and J.Ongena was also carried out in the framework of projects done for the ITER Scientist Fellow Network (ISFN). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.

Published
2022

29. Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions

Author

Mazzi, S, Garcia, J, Zarzoso, D, Kazakov, Y, Ongena, J, Dreval, M, Nocente, M, Stancar, Z, Szepesi, G, Eriksson, J, Sahlberg, A, Benkadda, S, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Andersson Sunden, E, Andrew, P, Angelini, B, Angioni, C, Antoniou, I, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Aria, S, Ariola, M, Artaserse, G, Arter, W, Artigues, V, Asakura, N, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Astrain, M, Asztalos, O, Auld, D, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bairaktaris, F, Balbin, J, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, C, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, V, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barcellona, C, Barnard, A, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barth, A, Baruzzo, M, Barwell, S, Bassan, M, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Beaumont, P, Beckett, D, Begolli, A, Beidler, M, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Belli, E, Belli, F, Belonohy, E, Ben Yaala, M, Benayas, J, Bentley, J, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Betar, H, Beurskens, M, Bickerton, S, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Bierwage, A, Biewer, T, Bilato, R, Bilkova, P, Birkenmeier, G, Bishop, H, Bizarro, J, Blackburn, J, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bohm, P, Bohm, T, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonfiglio, D, Bonnin, X, Bonofiglo, P, Boocock, S, Booth, A, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Boyd, K, Bozicevic Mihalic, I, Bradnam, S, Braic, V, Brandt, L, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Brix, M, Bromley, K, Brown, B, Brunetti, D, Buckingham, R, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Burgess, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butcher, D, de la Cal, E, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Calado, R, Camenen, Y, Canal, G, Cannas, B, Cappelli, M, Carcangiu, S, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carnevale, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casiraghi, I, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catalan, J, Catarino, N, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Challis, C, Chamberlain, B, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, B, Chernyshova, M, Chiariello, A, Chmielewski, P, Chomiczewska, A, Chone, L, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Ciupinski, L, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colangeli, A, Colas, L, Collins, C, Collins, J, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, B, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, P, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corrigan, G, Coster, D, Cox, P, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crapper, C, Craven, D, Craven, R, Crialesi Esposito, M, Croci, G, Croft, D, Croitoru, A, Crombe, K, Cronin, T, Cruz, N, Crystal, C, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarski, T, Dabirikhah, H, Molin, A, Dale, E, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, David, P, Davies, A, Davies, S, Davis, G, Dawson, K, Dawson, S, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Dejarnac, R, Del Sarto, D, Delabie, E, Del-Castillo-Negrete, D, Dempsey, A, Dendy, R, Devynck, P, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dickson, T, Dinca, P, Dittmar, T, Dobrashian, J, Doerner, R, Donne, A, Dorling, S, Dormido-Canto, S, Douai, D, Dowson, S, Doyle, R, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Drummond, G, Duckworth, P, Dudding, H, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunatov, T, Dunne, M, Duran, I, Durodie, F, Dux, R, Dvornova, A, Eastham, R, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Eichorn, A, Eidietis, N, Eksaeva, A, El Haroun, H, Ellwood, G, Elsmore, C, Embreus, O, Emery, S, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, B, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, L, Ertmer, S, Esquembri, S, Esquisabel, A, Estrada, T, Evans, G, Evans, S, Fable, E, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falessi, M, Fanni, A, Farahani, A, Farquhar, I, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fazinic, S, Felici, F, Felton, R, Fernandes, A, Fernandes, H, Ferrand, J, Ferreira, D, Ferreira, J, Ferro, G, Fessey, J, Ficker, O, Field, A, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Fil, N, Finburg, P, Fiorucci, D, Fischer, U, Fishpool, G, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Flinders, K, Foley, S, Fonnesu, N, Fontana, M, Fontdecaba, J, Forbes, S, Formisano, A, Fornal, T, Fortuna, L, Fortuna-Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Fowler, C, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Fridstrom, R, Frigione, D, Fulop, T, Furseman, M, Fusco, V, Futatani, S, Gadariya, D, Gal, K, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Galvao, R, Gao, Y, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardener, M, Garzotti, L, Gaspar, J, Gatto, R, Gaudio, P, Gear, D, Gebhart, T, Gee, S, Gelfusa, M, George, R, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Gherendi, M, Ghezzi, F, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Giacometti, G, Gibson, C, Gibson, K, Gil, L, Gillgren, A, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Glen, R, Gloggler, S, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborodko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodyear, A, Gore, S, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gotts, N, Goulding, R, Gow, E, Graham, B, Graves, J, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griffiths, J, Griph, S, Grist, D, Gromelski, W, Groth, M, Grove, R, Gruca, M, Guard, D, Gupta, N, Gurl, C, Gusarov, A, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hager, R, Hagg, L, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth-Cook, S, Ham, C, Hamaguchi, D, Hamed, M, Hamlyn-Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harford, E, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hayashi, T, Hazael, S, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heidbrink, B, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Herfindal, J, Hermon, G, Hill, J, Hillesheim, J, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Ho, A, Hobirk, J, Hoenen, O, Hogben, C, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Hollmann, E, Holzl, M, Homan, B, Hook, M, Hopley, D, Horacek, J, Horsley, D, Horsten, N, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Howell, R, Hu, Z, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Huijsmans, G, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Imrie, D, Imrisek, M, Ingleby, J, Innocente, P, Insulander Bjork, K, Isernia, N, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Ivings, E, Jablonski, S, Jachmich, S, Jackson, T, Jacquet, P, Jarleblad, H, Jaulmes, F, Rodriguez, J, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Jones, C, Jones, G, Jones, L, Jones, N, Jones, T, Joyce, A, Juarez, R, Juvonen, M, Kalnina, P, Kaltiaisenaho, T, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Kelly, R, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kennedy, D, Kent, J, Khan, K, Kiefer, C, Kilpelainen, J, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, S, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirjasuo, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kiviniemi, T, Kizane, G, Klas, M, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Kneale, G, Knight, M, Knight, P, Knights, R, Knipe, S, Knolker, M, Knott, S, Kocan, M, Kochl, F, Kodeli, I, Kolesnichenko, Y, Kominis, Y, Kong, M, Korovin, V, Kos, B, Kos, D, Koslowski, H, Kotschenreuther, M, Koubiti, M, Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E, Koziol, K, 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C., Braic V., Brandt L., Bravanec R., Breizman B., Brett A., Brezinsek S., Brix M., Bromley K., Brown B., Brunetti D., Buckingham R., Buckley M., Budny R., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Buratti P., Burgess A., Buscarino A., Busse A., Butcher D., de la Cal E., Calabro G., Calacci L., Calado R., Camenen Y., Canal G., Cannas B., Cappelli M., Carcangiu S., Card P., Cardinali A., Carman P., Carnevale D., Carr M., Carralero D., Carraro L., Carvalho I. S., Carvalho P., Casiraghi I., Casson F. J., Castaldo C., Catalan J. P., Catarino N., Causa F., Cavedon M., Cecconello M., Challis C. D., Chamberlain B., Chang C. S., Chankin A., Chapman B., Chernyshova M., Chiariello A., Chmielewski P., Chomiczewska A., Chone L., Ciraolo G., Ciric D., Citrin J., Ciupinski L., Clark M., Clarkson R., Clements C., Cleverly M., Coad J. P., Coates P., Cobalt A., Coccorese V., Coelho R., Coenen J. W., Coffey I. H., Colangeli A., Colas L., Collins C., Collins J., Collins S., Conka D., Conroy S., Conway B., Conway N. J., Coombs D., Cooper P., Cooper S., Corradino C., Corrigan G., Coster D., Cox P., Craciunescu T., Cramp S., Crapper C., Craven D., Craven R., Crialesi Esposito M., Croci G., Croft D., Croitoru A., Crombe K., Cronin T., Cruz N., Crystal C., Cseh G., Cufar A., Cullen A., Curuia M., Czarski T., Dabirikhah H., Molin A. D., Dale E., Dalgliesh P., Dalley S., Dankowski J., David P., Davies A., Davies S., Davis G., Dawson K., Dawson S., Day I. E., De Bock M., De Temmerman G., De Tommasi G., Deakin K., Deane J., Dejarnac R., Del Sarto D., Delabie E., Del-Castillo-Negrete D., Dempsey A., Dendy R. O., Devynck P., Di Siena A., Di Troia C., Dickson T., Dinca P., Dittmar T., Dobrashian J., Doerner R. P., Donne A. J. H., Dorling S., Dormido-Canto S., Douai D., Dowson S., Doyle R., Drewelow P., Drews P., Drummond G., Duckworth P., Dudding H., Dumont R., Dumortier P., Dunai D., Dunatov T., Dunne M., Duran I., Durodie F., Dux R., Dvornova A., Eastham R., Edwards J., Eich T., Eichorn A., Eidietis N., Eksaeva A., El Haroun H., Ellwood G., Elsmore C., Embreus O., Emery S., Ericsson G., Eriksson B., Eriksson F., Eriksson L. G., Ertmer S., Esquembri S., Esquisabel A. L., Estrada T., Evans G., Evans S., Fable E., Fagan D., Faitsch M., Falessi M., Fanni A., Farahani A., Farquhar I., Fasoli A., Faugeras B., Fazinic S., Felici F., Felton R., Fernandes A., Fernandes H., Ferrand J., Ferreira D. R., Ferreira J., Ferro G., Fessey J., Ficker O., Field A. R., Figueiredo A., Figueiredo J., Fil A., Fil N., Finburg P., Fiorucci D., Fischer U., Fishpool G., Fittill L., Fitzgerald M., Flammini D., Flanagan J., Flinders K., Foley S., Fonnesu N., Fontana M., Fontdecaba J. M., Forbes S., Formisano A., Fornal T., Fortuna L., Fortuna-Zalesna E., Fortune M., Fowler C., Fransson E., Frassinetti L., Freisinger M., Fresa R., Fridstrom R., Frigione D., Fulop T., Furseman M., Fusco V., Futatani S., Gadariya D., Gal K., Galassi D., Galazka K., Galeani S., Gallart D., Galvao R., Gao Y., Garcia-Munoz M., Gardener M., Garzotti L., Gaspar J., Gatto R., Gaudio P., Gear D., Gebhart T., Gee S., Gelfusa M., George R., Gerasimov S. N., Gervasini G., Gethins M., Ghani Z., Gherendi M., Ghezzi F., Giacalone J. C., Giacomelli L., Giacometti G., Gibson C., Gibson K. J., Gil L., Gillgren A., Giovannozzi E., Giroud C., Glen R., Gloggler S., Goff J., Gohil P., Goloborodko V., Gomes R., Goncalves B., Goniche M., Goodyear A., Gore S., Gorini G., Gorler T., Gotts N., Goulding R., Gow E., Graham B., Graves J. P., Greuner H., Grierson B., Griffiths J., Griph S., Grist D., Gromelski W., Groth M., Grove R., Gruca M., Guard D., Gupta N., Gurl C., Gusarov A., Hackett L., Hacquin S., Hager R., Hagg L., Hakola A., Halitovs M., Hall S., Hall S. A., Hallworth-Cook S., Ham C. J., Hamaguchi D., Hamed M., Hamlyn-Harris C., Hammond K., Harford E., Harrison J. R., Harting D., Hatano Y., Hatch D. R., Haupt T., Hawes J., Hawkes N. C., Hawkins J., Hayashi T., Hazael S., Hazel S., Heesterman P., Heidbrink B., Helou W., Hemming O., Henderson S. S., Henriques R. B., Hepple D., Herfindal J., Hermon G., Hill J., Hillesheim J. C., Hizanidis K., Hjalmarsson A., Ho A., Hobirk J., Hoenen O., Hogben C., Hollingsworth A., Hollis S., Hollmann E., Holzl M., Homan B., Hook M., Hopley D., Horacek J., Horsley D., Horsten N., Horton A., Horton L. D., Horvath L., Hotchin S., Howell R., Hu Z., Huber A., Huber V., Huddleston T., Huijsmans G. T. A., Huynh P., Hynes A., Imrie D., Imrisek M., Ingleby J., Innocente P., Insulander Bjork K., Isernia N., Ivanova-Stanik I., Ivings E., Jablonski S., Jachmich S., Jackson T., Jacquet P., Jarleblad H., Jaulmes F., Rodriguez J. J., Jepu I., Joffrin E., Johnson R., Johnson T., Johnston J., Jones C., Jones G., Jones L., Jones N., Jones T., Joyce A., Juarez R., Juvonen M., Kalnina P., Kaltiaisenaho T., Kaniewski J., Kantor A., Kappatou A., Karhunen J., Karkinsky D., Kaufman M., Kaveney G., Kazantzidis V., Keeling D. L., Kelly R., Kempenaars M., Kennedy C., Kennedy D., Kent J., Khan K., Kiefer C., Kilpelainen J., Kim C., Kim H. -T., Kim S. H., King D. B., King R., Kinna D., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. K., Kirschner A., Kiviniemi T., Kizane G., Klas M., Klepper C., Klix A., Kneale G., Knight M., Knight P., Knights R., Knipe S., Knolker M., Knott S., Kocan M., Kochl F., Kodeli I., Kolesnichenko Y., Kominis Y., Kong M., Korovin V., Kos B., Kos D., Koslowski H. R., Kotschenreuther M., Koubiti M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E., Koziol K., Krasilnikov V., Kresina M., Krieger K., Krishnan N., Krivska A., Kruezi U., Ksiazek I., Kukushkin A. B., Kumpulainen H., Kurki-Suonio T., Kurotaki H., Kwak S., Kwon O. J., Laguardia L., Lagzdina E., Lahtinen A., Laing A., Lam N., Lambertz H. T., Lane B., Lane C., Lascas Neto E., Laszynska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Learoyd G., Lee C., Lee S. E., Leerink S., Leeson T., Lefebvre X., Leggate H. J., Lehmann J., Lehnen M., Leichtle D., Leipold F., Lengar I., Lennholm M., Leon Gutierrez E., Lepiavko B., Leppanen J., Lerche E., Lescinskis A., Lewis J., Leysen W., Li L., Li Y., Likonen J., Linsmeier C., Lipschultz B., Litaudon X., Litherland-Smith E., Liu F., Loarer T., Loarte A., Lobel R., Lomanowski B., Lomas P. J., Lopez J. M., Lorenzini R., Loreti S., Losada U., Loschiavo V. P., Loughlin M., Louka Z., Lovell J., Lowe T., Lowry C., Lubbad S., Luce T., Lucock R., Luna C., de la Luna E., Lungaroni M., Lungu C. P., Lunt T., Lutsenko V., Lyons B., Lyssoivan A., Machielsen M., Macusova E., Maenpaa R., Maggi C. F., Maggiora R., Magness M., Mahesan S., Maier H., Mailloux J., Maingi R., Malinowski K., Manas P., Mantica P., Mantsinen M. J., Manyer J., Manzanares A., Maquet P., Marceca G., Marchetto C., Marchuk O., Mariani A., Mariano G., Marin M., Marinelli M., Markovic T., Marocco D., Marot L., Marsden S., Marsh J., Marshall R., Martellucci L., Martin A., Martin A. J., Martone R., Maruyama S., Maslov M., Masuzaki S., Matejcik S., Mattei M., Matthews G. F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mauriya A., Maviglia F., Mayer M., Mayoral M. -L., Mazzotta C., McAdams R., McCarthy P. J., McClements K. G., McClenaghan J., McCullen P., McDonald D. C., McGuckin D., McHugh D., McIntyre G., McKean R., McKehon J., McMillan B., McNamee L., McShee A., Meakins A., Medley S., Meekes C. 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A., Huynh P., Hynes A., Imrie D., Imrisek M., Ingleby J., Innocente P., Insulander Bjork K., Isernia N., Ivanova-Stanik I., Ivings E., Jablonski S., Jachmich S., Jackson T., Jacquet P., Jarleblad H., Jaulmes F., Rodriguez J. J., Jepu I., Joffrin E., Johnson R., Johnson T., Johnston J., Jones C., Jones G., Jones L., Jones N., Jones T., Joyce A., Juarez R., Juvonen M., Kalnina P., Kaltiaisenaho T., Kaniewski J., Kantor A., Kappatou A., Karhunen J., Karkinsky D., Kaufman M., Kaveney G., Kazantzidis V., Keeling D. L., Kelly R., Kempenaars M., Kennedy C., Kennedy D., Kent J., Khan K., Kiefer C., Kilpelainen J., Kim C., Kim H. -T., Kim S. H., King D. B., King R., Kinna D., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. K., Kirschner A., Kiviniemi T., Kizane G., Klas M., Klepper C., Klix A., Kneale G., Knight M., Knight P., Knights R., Knipe S., Knolker M., Knott S., Kocan M., Kochl F., Kodeli I., Kolesnichenko Y., Kominis Y., Kong M., Korovin V., Kos B., Kos D., Koslowski H. R., Kotschenreuther M., Koubiti M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E., Koziol K., Krasilnikov V., Kresina M., Krieger K., Krishnan N., Krivska A., Kruezi U., Ksiazek I., Kukushkin A. B., Kumpulainen H., Kurki-Suonio T., Kurotaki H., Kwak S., Kwon O. J., Laguardia L., Lagzdina E., Lahtinen A., Laing A., Lam N., Lambertz H. T., Lane B., Lane C., Lascas Neto E., Laszynska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Learoyd G., Lee C., Lee S. E., Leerink S., Leeson T., Lefebvre X., Leggate H. J., Lehmann J., Lehnen M., Leichtle D., Leipold F., Lengar I., Lennholm M., Leon Gutierrez E., Lepiavko B., Leppanen J., Lerche E., Lescinskis A., Lewis J., Leysen W., Li L., Li Y., Likonen J., Linsmeier C., Lipschultz B., Litaudon X., Litherland-Smith E., Liu F., Loarer T., Loarte A., Lobel R., Lomanowski B., Lomas P. J., Lopez J. M., Lorenzini R., Loreti S., Losada U., Loschiavo V. P., Loughlin M., Louka Z., Lovell J., Lowe T., Lowry C., Lubbad S., Luce T., Lucock R., Luna C., de la Luna E., Lungaroni M., Lungu C. P., Lunt T., Lutsenko V., Lyons B., Lyssoivan A., Machielsen M., Macusova E., Maenpaa R., Maggi C. F., Maggiora R., Magness M., Mahesan S., Maier H., Mailloux J., Maingi R., Malinowski K., Manas P., Mantica P., Mantsinen M. J., Manyer J., Manzanares A., Maquet P., Marceca G., Marchetto C., Marchuk O., Mariani A., Mariano G., Marin M., Marinelli M., Markovic T., Marocco D., Marot L., Marsden S., Marsh J., Marshall R., Martellucci L., Martin A., Martin A. J., Martone R., Maruyama S., Maslov M., Masuzaki S., Matejcik S., Mattei M., Matthews G. F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mauriya A., Maviglia F., Mayer M., Mayoral M. -L., Mazzotta C., McAdams R., McCarthy P. J., McClements K. G., McClenaghan J., McCullen P., McDonald D. C., McGuckin D., McHugh D., McIntyre G., McKean R., McKehon J., McMillan B., McNamee L., McShee A., Meakins A., Medley S., Meekes C. J., Meghani K., Meigs A. G., Meisl G., Meitner S., Menmuir S., Mergia K., Merriman S., Mertens P., Messiaen A., Michling R., Middleton P., Middleton-Gear D., Mietelski J., Milanesio D., Milani E., Militello F., Militello Asp A., Milnes J., Milocco A., Miloshevsky G., Minghao C., Minucci S., Miron I., Miyamoto M., Mlynar J., Moiseenko V., Monaghan P., Monakhov I., Moody T., Moon S., Mooney R., Moradi S., Morales J., Morales R. B., Mordijck S., Moreira L., Morgan L., Moro F., Morris J., Morrison K. -M., Moser L., Moulton D., Mrowetz T., Mundy T., Muraglia M., Murari A., Muraro A., Muthusonai N., N'Konga B., Na Y. -S., Nabais F., Naden M., Naish J., Naish R., Napoli F., Nardon E., Naulin V., Nave M. F. F., Nedzelskiy I., Nestoras I., Neu R., Ng S., Nicassio M., Nielsen A. H., Nina D., Nishijima D., Noble C., Nobs C. R., Nodwell D., Nordlund K., Nordman H., Normanton R., Noterdaeme J. -M., Nowak S., Nunn E., Nystrom H., Oberparleiter M., Obryk B., O'Callaghan J., Odupitan T., Oliver H. J. C., Olney R., O'Mullane M., Organ E., Orsitto F., Orszagh J., Osborne T., Otin R., Otsuka T., Owen A., Oya Y., Oyaizu M., Paccagnella R., Pace N., Packer L. W., Paige S., Pajuste E., Palade D., Pamela S. J. P., Panadero N., Panontin E., Papadopoulos A., Papp G., Papp P., Parail V. V., Pardanaud C., Parisi J., Parra Diaz F., Parsloe A., Parsons M., Parsons N., Passeri M., Patel A., Pau A., Pautasso G., Pavlichenko R., Pavone A., Pawelec E., Soldan C. P., Peacock A., Pearce M., Peluso E., Penot C., Pepperell K., Pereira R., Pereira T., Cippo E. P., Pereslavtsev P., von Thun C. P., Pericoli V., Perry D., Peterka M., Petersson P., Petravich G., Petrella N., Peyman M., Pillon M., Pinches S., Pintsuk G., de Sa W. P., dos Reis A. P., Piron C., Piron L., Pironti A., Pitts R., van de Plassche K. L., Platt N., Plyusnin V., Podesta M., Pokol G., Poli F. M., Pompilian O. G., Popovichev S., Poradzinski M., Porfiri M. T., Porkolab M., Porosnicu C., Porton M., Poulipoulis G., Predebon I., Prestopino G., Price C., Price D., Price M., Primetzhofer D., Prior P., Provatas G., Pucella G., Puglia P., Purahoo K., Pusztai I., Putignano O., Putterich T., Quercia A., Rachlew E., Radulescu G., Radulovic V., Rainford M., Raj P., Ralph G., Ramogida G., Rasmussen D., Rasmussen J. J., Ratta G., Ratynskaia S., Rebai M., Refy D., Reichle R., Reinke M., Reiser D., Reux C., Reynolds S., Richiusa M. L., Richyal S., Rigamonti D., Rimini F. G., Risner J., Riva M., Rivero-Rodriguez J., Roach C. M., Robins R., Robinson S., Robson D., Rodrigues P., Rodriguez Ramos M., Rodriguez-Fernandez P., Romanelli F., Romanelli M., Romanelli S., Romazanov J., Rossi R., Rowe S., Rowlands D., Rubel M., Rubinacci G., Rubino G., Ruchko L., Ruiz M., Ruiz J. 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R., Solokha V., Somers A., Sommariva C., Soni K., Sorokovoy E., Sos M., Sousa J., Sozzi C., Spagnolo S., Spelzini T., Spineanu F., Spong D., Sprada D., Sridhar S., Srinivasan C., Stables G., Staebler G., Stamatelatos I., Staniec P., Stankunas G., Stead M., Stefanikova E., Stephen A., Stephens J., Stevenson P., Stojanov M., Strand P., Strauss H. R., Strikwerda S., Strom P., Stuart C. I., Studholme W., Subramani M., Suchkov E., Sumida S., Sun H. J., Susts T. E., Svensson J., Svoboda J., Sweeney R., Sytnykov D., Szabolics T., Tabia B., Tadic T., Tal B., Tala T., Tallargio A., Tamain P., Tan H., Tanaka K., Tang W., Tardocchi M., Taylor D., Teimane A. S., Telesca G., Teplukhina A., Terentyev D., Terra A., Terranova D., Terranova N., Testa D., Tholerus E., Thomas J., Thoren E., Thorman A., Tierens W., Tinguely R. A., Tipton A., Todd H., Tokitani M., Tolias P., Tomes M., Tookey A., Torikai Y., von Toussaint U., Tsavalas P., Tskhakaya D., Turner I., Turner M., Turner M. M., Turnyanskiy M., Tvalashvili G., Tyrrell S., Tyshchenko M., Uccello A., Udintsev V., Urbanczyk G., Vadgama A., Valcarcel D., Valisa M., Vallejos Olivares P., Vallhagen O., Valovic M., Van Eester D., Varje J., Vartanian S., Vasilopoulou T., Vayakis G., Vecsei M., Vega J., Ventre S., Verdoolaege G., Verona C., Rinati G. V., Veshchev E., Vianello N., Viezzer E., Vignitchouk L., Vila R., Villari R., Villone F., Vincenzi P., Viola B., Virtanen A. J., Vitins A., Vizvary Z., Vlad G., Vlad M., Vondracek P., de Vries P., Wakeling B., Walkden N. R., Walker M., Walker R., Walsh M., Wang E., Wang N., Warder S., Warren R., Waterhouse J., Watts C., Wauters T., Weckmann A., Wedderburn Maxwell H., Weiland M., Weisen H., Weiszflog M., Welch P., Wendler N., West A., Wheatley M., Wheeler S., Whitehead A., Whittaker D., Widdowson A., Wiesen S., Wilkinson J., Williams J. C., Willoughby D., Wilson I., Wilson J., Wilson T., Wischmeier M., Wise P., Withenshaw G., Withycombe A., Witts D., Wojcik-Gargula A., Wolfrum E., Wood R., Woodley C., Woodley R., Woods B., Wright J., Wright J. C., Xu T., Yadikin D., Yajima M., Yakovenko Y., Yang Y., Yanling W., Yanovskiy V., Young I., Young R., Zabolockis R. J., Zacks J., Zagorski R., Zaitsev F. S., Zakharov L., Zarins A., Zastrow K. -D., Zayachuk Y., Zerbini M., Zhang W., Zhou Y., Zlobinski M., Zocco A., Zohar A., Zoita V., Zoletnik S., Zotta V. K., Zoulias I., Zwingmann W., and Zychor I.

Abstract

Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.

Published
2022

33. Preface paper to the Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) Program special issue.

Author

Goodrich, DC, Chehbouni, A, Goff, B, MacNish, B, Maddock, T, Moran, S, Shuttleworth, WJ, Williams, DG, Watts, C, and Hipps, LH

Subjects
Life on Land, interdisciplinary, semi-arid, land-surface-atmosphere, SALSA, water balance, energy balance, ecological diversity, Earth Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

The Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere Program (SALSA) is a multi-agency, multi-national research effort that seeks to evaluate the consequences of natural and human-induced environmental change in semi-arid regions. The ultimate goal of SALSA is to advance scientific understanding of the semi-arid portion of the hydrosphere-biosphere interface in order to provide reliable information for environmental decision making. SALSA approaches this goal through a program of long-term, integrated observations, process research, modeling, assessment, and information management that is sustained by cooperation among scientists and information users. In this preface to the SALSA special issue, general program background information and the critical nature of semi-arid regions is presented. A brief description of the Upper San Pedro River Basin, the initial location for focused SALSA research follows. Several overarching research objectives under which much of the interdisciplinary research contained in the special issue was undertaken are discussed. Principal methods, primary research sites and data collection used by numerous investigators during 1997-1999 are then presented. Scientists from about 20 US, five European (four French and one Dutch), and three Mexican agencies and institutions have collaborated closely to make the research leading to this special issue a reality. The SALSA Program has served as a model of interagency cooperation by breaking new ground in the approach to large scale interdisciplinary science with relatively limited resources.

Published
2000

41. OP070 [Critical Care Rehabilitation » Rehabilitation]: EARLY REHABILITATION IN CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN – A MULTI-SITE IMPLEMENTATION STUDY

Author

Choong, K. L., primary, Al Farsi, A., additional, Awladhani, S., additional, Cuello, C., additional, Kho, M., additional, Nanji, J., additional, Simpson, A., additional, Todt, A., additional, Thabane, L., additional, Watts, C., additional, Cupido, C., additional, Kennedy, K., additional, Wong, J., additional, Xie, F., additional, Vu, M., additional, Krasevich, K., additional, Cameron, S., additional, Martin, C., additional, Doherty, T., additional, Wolfe, D., additional, Debigare, S., additional, and Fraser, D., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
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43. P09.04.B The importance of treatment tolerability for people with glioma: registry review and qualitative findings from the COBra Study

Author

Baddeley, E, primary, Retzer, A, additional, Sivell, S, additional, Seddon, K, additional, Bulbeck, H, additional, Nelson, A, additional, Adams, R, additional, Grant, R, additional, Watts, C, additional, Aiyegbusi, O, additional, Rivera, S, additional, Kearns, P, additional, Dirven, L, additional, Calvert, M, additional, and Byrne, A, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
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46. Resource Needs for HIV/AIDS

Author

Schwartländer, B., Stover, J., Walker, N., Bollinger, L., Gutierrez, J. P., McGreevey, W., Opuni, M., Forsythe, S., Kumaranayake, L., Watts, C., and Bertozzi, S.

Published
2001

47. Disruption prediction with artificial intelligence techniques in tokamak plasmas

Author

Vega, J., Murari, A., Dormido-Canto, S., Rattá, G. A., Gelfusa, M., Mailloux, J., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A. G., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson Sundén, E., Andrew, P., Angelini, B. M., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L. C., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Yu. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, É., Ben Yaala, M., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bílková, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J. P. S., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Božičević Mihalić, I., Bradnam, S. C., Braic, V., Brandt, L., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Bromley, K., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Budny, R., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., de la Cal, E., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Camenen, Y., Canal, G., Cannas, B., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J. P., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Challis, C. D., Chamberlain, B., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, T., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I. H., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, C., Collins, J., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, B., Conway, N. J., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Corradino, C., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Craven, D., Craven, R., Crialesi Esposito, M., Croci, G., Croft, D., Croitoru, A., Crombé, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Crystal, C., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarski, T., Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dale, E., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., Dempsey, A., Dendy, R. O., Devynck, P., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickson, T., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R. P., Donné, A. J. H., Dorling, S., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Dreval, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, Ph., Dudding, H., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodié, F., Dux, R., Dvornova, A., Eastham, R., Edwards, J., Eich, Th., Eichorn, A., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., El Haroun, H., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Embreus, O., Emery, S., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A. L., Estrada, T., Evans, G., Evans, S., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falessi, M., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Farquhar, I., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinié, S., Felici, F., Felton, R., Fernandes, A., Fernandes, H., Ferrand, J., Ferreira, D. R., Ferreira, J., Ferro, G., Fessey, J., Ficker, O., Field, A. R., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fiorucci, D., Fischer, U., Fishpool, G., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J. M., Forbes, S., Formisano, A., Fornal, T., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Fowler, C., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fülop, T., Furseman, M., Fusco, V., Futatani, S., Gadariya, D., Gál, K., Galassi, D., Gafézka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., García-Muñoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gatto, R., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., George, R., Gerasimov, S. N., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, C., Gibson, K. J., Gil, L., Gillgren, A., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glen, R., Gloggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gore, S., Gorini, G., Gorler, T., Gotts, N., Goulding, R., Gow, E., Graham, B., Graves, J. P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Gupta, N., Gurl, C., Gusarov, A., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hagg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hall, S. A., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C. J., Hamaguchi, D., Hamed, M., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harford, E., Harrison, J. R., Harting, D., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hayashi, T., Hazael, S., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heidbrink, B., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R. B., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hill, J., Hillesheim, J. C., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hoenen, O., Hogben, C., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hollmann, E., Holzl, M., Homan, B., Hook, M., Hopley, D., Horá:ek, J., Horsley, D., Horsten, N., Horton, A., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S., Howell, R., Hu, Z., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Iliasova, M., Lmrie, D., Lmrísek, M., Lngleby, J., Innocente, P., Insulander Björk, K., Isernia, N., lvanova-Stanik, I., Lvings, E., Jablonski, S., Jachmich, S., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Järleblad, H., Jaulmes, F., Jenaro Rodriguez, J., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, J., Jones, C., Jones, G., Jones, L., Jones, N., Jones, T., Joyce, A., Juarez, R., Juvonen, M., Kalnina, P., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kashchuk, Yu, Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y. E. O., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Kelly, R., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kennedy, D., Kent, J., Khan, K., Khilkevich, E., Kiefer, C., Kilpeläinen, J., Kim, C., Hyun-Tae, Kim, Kim, S. H., King, D. B., King, R., Kinna, D., Kiptily, V. G., Kirjasuo, A., Kirov, K. K., Kirschner, A., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Kneale, G., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knights, R., Knipe, S., Knolker, M., Knott, S., Kocan, M., Kochl, F., Kodeli, I., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kominis, Y., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Kos, B., Kos, D., Koslowski, H. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E., Koziol, K., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krishnan, N., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiézek, I., Kukushkin, A. B., Kumpulainen, H., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurotaki, H., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lagzdina, E., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, B., Lane, C., Lascas Neto, E., Łaszyríska, E., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Learoyd, G., Chanyoung, Lee, Lee, S. E., Leerink, S., Leeson, T., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Leon Gutierrez, E., Lepiavko, B., Leppanen, J., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lewis, J., Leysen, W., Li, L., Li, Y., Likonen, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litherland-Smith, E., Liu, F., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., López, J. M., Lorenzini, R., Loreti, S., Losada, U., Loschiavo, V. P., Loughlin, M., Louka, Z., Lovell, J., Lowe, T., Lowry, C., Lubbad, S., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Lukin, A., Luna, C., de la Luna, E., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lunt, T., Lutsenko, V., Lyons, B., Lyssoivan, A., Machielsen, M., Macusova, E., Mäenpää, R., Maggi, C. F., Maggiora, R., Magness, M., Mahesan, S., Maier, H., Maingi, R., Malinowski, K., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manyer, J., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph., Marceca, G., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Mariani, A., Mariano, G., Marin, M., Marinelli, M., Markovič, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marsden, S., Marsh, J., Marshall, R., Martellucci, L., Martin, A., Martin, A. J., Martone, R., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Masuzaki, S., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M-L., Mazzi, S., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mcclenaghan, J., Mccullen, P., Mcdonald, D. C., Mcguckin, D., Mchugh, D., Mclntyre, G., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Mcmillan, B., Mcnamee, L., Mcshee, A., Meakins, A., Medley, S., Meekes, C. J., Meghani, K., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merriman, S., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Michling, R., Middleton, P., Middleton-Gear, D., Mietelski, J., Milanesio, D., Milani, E., Militello, F., Militello Asp, A., Milnes, J., Milocco, A., Miloshevsky, G., Minghao, C., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Miyamoto, M., Mlynář, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Moody, T., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, J., Morales, R. B., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Morgan, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Morrison, K-M., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Mrowetz, T., Mundy, T., Muraglia, M., Muraro, A., Muthusonai, N., N’Konga, B., Yong-Su, Na, Nabais, F., Naden, M., Naish, J., Naish, R., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelskiy, I., Nemtsev, G., Nesenevich, V., Nestoras, I., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, A. H., Nina, D., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C. R., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunn, E., Nystrom, H., Oberparleiter, M., Obryk, B., O’Callaghan, J., Odupitan, T., Oliver, H. J. C., Olney, R., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Organ, E., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Otsuka, T., Owen, A., Oya, Y., Oyaizu, M., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Packer, L. W., Paige, S., Pajuste, E., Palade, D., Pamela, S. J. P., Panadero, N., Panontin, E., Papadopoulos, A., Papp, G., Papp, P., Parail, V. V., Pardanaud, C., Parisi, J., Parra Diaz, F., Parsloe, A., Parsons, M., Parsons, N., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Paz Soldan, C., Peacock, A., Pearce, M., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Pereira, T., Perelli Cippo, E., Pereslavtsev, P., Perez von Thun, C., Pericoli, V., Perry, D., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrella, N., Peyman, M., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Pires de Sá, W., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, C., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., van de Plassche, K. L., Platt, N., Plyusnin, V., Podesta, M., Pokol, G., Poli, F. M., Pompilian, O. G., Popovichev, S., Poradziński, M., Porfiri, M. T., Porkolab, M., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Poulipoulis, G., Predebon, I., Prestopino, G., Price, C., Price, D., Price, M., Primetzhofer, D., Prior, P., Provatas, G., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Purahoo, K., Pusztai, I., Putignano, O., Pütterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Radulescu, G., Radulovic, V., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Ralph, G., Ramogida, G., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J. J., Rattá, G., Ratynskaia, S., Rebai, M., Réfy, D., Reichle, R., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reynolds, S., Richiusa, M. L., Richyal, S., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C. M., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez Ramos, M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rossi, R., Rowe, S., Rowlands, D., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Safi, E., Sahlberg, A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Sanders, I., Sandiford, D., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sarkimaki, K., Sarwar, R., Sarychev, I., Sauter, O., Sauwan, P., Scapin, N., Schluck, F., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, P. A., Schworer, D., Scott, G., Scott, M., Scraggs, D., Scully, S., Segato, M., Jaemin, Seo, Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Sheikh, U., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shigin, P., Shinohara, K., Shiraiwa, S., Shiraki, D., Short, M., Sias, G., Silburn, S. A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silva, J., Silvagni, D., Simfukwe, D., Simpson, J., Sinclair, D., Sipilä, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skinner, N., Slater, J., Smith, N., Smith, P., Snell, J., Snoep, G., Snoj, L., Snyder, P., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Solokha, V., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Soni, K., Sorokovoy, E., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Spong, D., Sprada, D., Sridhar, S., Srinivasan, C., Stables, G., Staebler, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stancar, Z., Staniec, P., Stankūnas, G., Stead, M., Stefanikova, E., Stephen, A., Stephens, J., Stevenson, P., Stojanov, M., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strikwerda, S., Ström, P., Stuart, C. I., Studholme, W., Subramani, M., Suchkov, E., Sumida, S., Sun, H. J., Susts, T. E., Svensson, J., Svoboda, J., Sweeney, R., Sytnykov, D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Tabia, B., Tadić, T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Tallargio, A., Tamain, P., Tan, H., Tanaka, K., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taylor, D., Teimane, A. S., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Teplukhina, A., Terentyev, D., Terra, A., Terranova, D., Terranova, N., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thoren, E., Thorman, A., Tierens, W., Tinguely, R. A., Tipton, A., Todd, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tookey, A., Torikai, Y., von Toussaint, U., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya, D., Turner, I., Turner, M., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S., Tyshchenko, M., Uccello, A., Udintsev, V., Urbanczyk, G., Vadgama, A., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Vallhagen, O., Valovič, M., Van Eester, D., Varje, J., Vartanian, S., Vasilopoulou, T., Vayakis, G., Vecsei, M., Ventre, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vila, R., Villari, R., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Virtanen, A. J., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, G., Vlad, M., Vondráček, P., de Vries, P., Wakeling, B., Walkden, N. R., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R., Waterhouse, J., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Wedderburn Maxwell, H., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welch, P., Wendler, N., West, A., Wheatley, M., Wheeler, S., Whitehead, A., Whittaker, D., Widdowson, A., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J. C., Willoughby, D., Wilson, I., Wilson, J., Wilson, T., Wischmeier, M., Wise, P., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D., Wojcik-Gargula, A., Wolfrum, E., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Woodley, R., Woods, B., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yajima, M., Yakovenko, Y., Yang, Y., Yanling, W., Yanovskiy, V., Young, I., Young, R., Zabolockis, R. J., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zakharov, L., Zarins, A., Zarzoso Fernandez, D., Zastrow, K. -D., Zayachuk, Y., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zlobinski, M., Zocco, A., Zohar, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zotta, V. K., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann &amp, Zychor, I., Vega, J, Murari, A, Dormido-Canto, S, Ratta, Ga, Gelfusa, M, Chiariello, A, JET Contributors, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Culham Science Centre, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Uppsala University, European Commission, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Universidade Lisboa, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Milan - Bicocca, University of Helsinki, General Atomics, ITER, University of Toyama, CEA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Royal Military Academy, Seoul National University, Chalmers University of Technology, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems, Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas, Vega, J., Murari, A., Dormido-Canto, S., Ratta, G. A., Gelfusa, M., Mailloux, J., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A. G., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. A., Andrew, P., Angelini, B. M., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L. C., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Yaala, M. B., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bilkova, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J. P. S., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Bozicevic Mihalic, I., Bradnam, S. C., Braic, V., Brandt, L., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Bromley, K., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Budny, R., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., de la Cal, E., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Camenen, Y., Canal, G., Cannas, B., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J. P., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Challis, C. D., Chamberlain, B., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, T., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I. H., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, C., Collins, J., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, B., Conway, N. J., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Corradino, C., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Craven, D., Craven, R., Esposito, M. C., Croci, G., Croft, D., Croitoru, A., Crombe, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Crystal, C., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarski, T., Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dale, E., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., Dempsey, A., Dendy, R. O., Devynck, P., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickson, T., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R. P., Donne, A. J. H., Dorling, S., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Dreval, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, P., Dudding, H., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dux, R., Dvornova, A., Eastham, R., Edwards, J., Eich, T., Eichorn, A., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., El Haroun, H., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Embreus, O., Emery, S., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A. L., Estrada, T., Evans, G., Evans, S., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falessi, M., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Farquhar, I., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinie, S., Felici, F., Felton, R., Fernandes, A., Fernandes, H., Ferrand, J., Ferreira, D. R., Ferreira, J., Ferro, G., Fessey, J., Ficker, O., Field, A. R., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fiorucci, D., Fischer, U., Fishpool, G., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J. M., Forbes, S., Formisano, A., Fornal, T., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Fowler, C., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fulop, T., Furseman, M., Fusco, V., Futatani, S., Gadariya, D., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Gafezka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gatto, R., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., George, R., Gerasimov, S. N., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, C., Gibson, K. J., Gil, L., Gillgren, A., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glen, R., Gloggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gore, S., Gorini, G., Gorler, T., Gotts, N., Goulding, R., Gow, E., Graham, B., Graves, J. P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Gupta, N., Gurl, C., Gusarov, A., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hagg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hall, S. A., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C. J., Hamaguchi, D., Hamed, M., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harford, E., Harrison, J. R., Harting, D., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hayashi, T., Hazael, S., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heidbrink, B., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R. B., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hill, J., Hillesheim, J. 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Subjects
JET, Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari, General Physics and Astronomy, artificial intellingence, tokamaks, magnetically confined plasma, disruption predictions, tokamak plasmas, nuclear fusion
Abstract

openaire: EC/H2020/633053/EU//EUROfusion Funding Information: This work was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under projects nos. PID2019-108377RB-C31 and PID2019-108377RB-C32. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (grant agreement no. 101052200 — EUROfusion). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, Springer Nature Limited. In nuclear fusion reactors, plasmas are heated to very high temperatures of more than 100 million kelvin and, in so-called tokamaks, they are confined by magnetic fields in the shape of a torus. Light nuclei, such as deuterium and tritium, undergo a fusion reaction that releases energy, making fusion a promising option for a sustainable and clean energy source. Tokamak plasmas, however, are prone to disruptions as a result of a sudden collapse of the system terminating the fusion reactions. As disruptions lead to an abrupt loss of confinement, they can cause irreversible damage to present-day fusion devices and are expected to have a more devastating effect in future devices. Disruptions expected in the next-generation tokamak, ITER, for example, could cause electromagnetic forces larger than the weight of an Airbus A380. Furthermore, the thermal loads in such an event could exceed the melting threshold of the most resistant state-of-the-art materials by more than an order of magnitude. To prevent disruptionsor at least mitigate their detrimental effects, empirical models obtained with artificial intelligence methods, of which an overview is given here, are commonly employed to predict their occurrence—and ideally give enough time to introduce counteracting measures.

Published
2022

50. Process and overview of diagnostics integration in ITER ports

Author

Drevon, J.M., Walsh, M., Andrew, P., Barnsley, R., Bertalot, L., de Bock, M., Bora, D., Bouhamou, R., Direz, M.F., Encheva, A., Fang, T., Feder, R., Giacomin, T., von Hellermann, M., Jakhar, S., Johnson, D., Kaschuk, Y., Kusama, Y., Lee, H.G., Levesy, B., Loesser, D., Maquet, P., Okayama, K., Reichle, R., Pak, S., Patel, K.M., Pitcher, C.S., Portales, M., Arumugam, A.P., Simrock, S., Udintsev, V.S., Vasu, P., Vayakis, G., Veshchev, E., Walker, C., Watts, C., and Zvonkov, A.

Published
2013
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