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Introduction: Although colon (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) combined to refer to colorectal cancer (CRC), substantial clinical evidence urged that CRC should be treated as two different cancers due to compared with READ, COAD showed higher morbidity and worse 5-year survival. Objectives: This study has tried to screen for the crucial gene that caused the worse prognosis and investigate its mechanism for mediating tumor growth and metastases in COAD. Meanwhile, the potential anti-COAD compound implicated in this mechanism was identified and testified from 1,855 food-borne chemical kits. This study aims to bring a new perspective to the development of new anti-COAD drugs and personalized medicine for patients with COAD. Methods and results: The survival-related hub genes in COAD and READ were screened out from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the results showed that HIGD1A, lower expressed in COAD than in READ, was associated with poor prognosis in COAD patients, but not in READ. Over-expressed HIGD1A suppressed CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the different expressed microRNA profiles between COAD and READ showed that miR-501-3p was highly expressed in COAD and inhibited HIGD1A expression by targeting 3′UTR of HIGD1A. MiR-501-3p mimics promoted cell proliferation and metastasis in CRC cells. In addition, Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a kind of natural polyphenol has been verified as a potential miR-501-3p inhibitor. In vitro and in vivo, PCC1 promoted HIGD1A expression by suppressing miR-501-3p and resulted in inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. Conclusion: The present study verified that miR-501-3p/HIGD1A axis mediated tumor growth and metastasis in COAD. PCC1, a flavonoid that riched in food exerts anti-COAD effects by inhibiting miR-501-3p and results in the latter losing the ability to suppress HIGD1A expression. Subsequently, unfettered HIGD1A inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in COAD.

[Objective] In recent decades, with the rapid industrial growth and urbanization in China, pollution incidents like oil spills and heavy metal contamination have become frequent. Under this background, accurate assessment of the entire pollution process and control of polluted sites are crucial steps in achieving pollution site remediation and restoration. [Methods] This study adopts an object-based perspective and a systematic analysis approach to describe the migration of pollutants from source to sink, emphasizing the environmental behavior during their migration. It abstractly represents contaminated sites and associated entities as spatiotemporal objects, focusing on pollutant concentrations and their attributes. It also explores the interrelationships among spatiotemporal objects from temporal, spatial, and attribute perspectives, as well as describes their dynamic influences. [Results] (1) Taking the real incident of an oil spill in 2014 as an example, an object-based representation model of the contaminated site was constructed using the XML structure. (2) A visualization method for expressing contaminated site objects has been established, which displays the interrelationships and attribute characteristics of various spatiotemporal objects. (3) Attempts to apply the respresentation model to conduct attribution analysis of pollutant concentrations have been made, allowing for the rapid acquisition of relevant calculation parameters for exposure assessment indicators, thereby facilitating more convenient health risk evaluations. [Conclusion] The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed object-based representation method can effectively describe and model contaminated sites, facilitating the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of pollution processes from source to sink. It provides significant support for the management and remediation of contaminated sites. Furthermore, the object-based representation method proposed offers practical guidance in addressing complex problems. By considering the research subject as an object and analyzing and expressing it from various aspects such as composition, attribute features, interrelationships, and behavioral dynamics, a better understanding of the internal relationships and interactions within the research object can be achieved, thereby providing a clear perspective for the analysis and evaluation of related issues.

Abstract In early sensory systems, cell-type diversity generally increases from the periphery into the brain, resulting in a greater heterogeneity of responses to the same stimuli. Surround suppression is a canonical visual computation that begins within the retina and is found at varying levels across retinal ganglion cell types. Our results show that heterogeneity in the level of surround suppression occurs subcellularly at bipolar cell synapses. Using single-cell electrophysiology and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we show that two retinal ganglion cell types exhibit very different levels of surround suppression even though they receive input from the same bipolar cell types. This divergence of the bipolar cell signal occurs through synapse-specific regulation by amacrine cells at the scale of tens of microns. These findings indicate that each synapse of a single bipolar cell can carry a unique visual signal, expanding the number of possible functional channels at the earliest stages of visual processing.

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Comprehensive data on the economic burden of CRC at a population‐level is critical in informing policymaking, but such data are currently limited in China. Methods From a societal perspective, the economic burden of CRC in 2019 was estimated, including direct medical and nonmedical expenditure, disability, and premature‐death‐related indirect expenditure. Data on disease burden was taken from the GBD 2019 and analyzed using a prevalence‐based approach. The per‐person direct expenditure and work loss days were from a multicenter study; the premature‐death‐related expenditure was estimated using a human capital approach. Projections were conducted in different simulated scenarios. All expenditure data were in Chinese Yuan (CNY) and discounted to 2019. Results In 2019, the estimated overall economic burden of CRC in China was CNY170.5 billion (0.189% of the local GDP). The direct expenditure was CNY106.4 billion (62.4% of the total economic burden), 91.4% of which was a direct medical expenditure. The indirect expenditure was CNY64.1 billion, of which 63.7% was related to premature death. The predicted burden would reach CNY560.0 billion in 2030 given constant trends for disease burden; however, it would be alternatively reduced to

Wild plants represent a potential source of urban landscape trees. Stranvaesia davidiana Dcne. is a member of the Stranvaesia Lindl. Genus, which belongs to family Rosaceae Juss. It has great ornamental value. It can contribute to urban color foliage and fruit species. However, the most effective fertilizer application strategy required for its cultivation is unknown. Therefore, we conducted an orthogonal experiment to investigate the fertilizer type and level (pure nitrogen) using ten experimental groups, including an untreated control group. Pot experiments were used to determine the growth indices of seedlings, including plant height, basal diameter, and chlorophyll content post-fertilizer treatment. This study explored the most appropriate fertiler application model for the growth of S. davidiana seedlings. The results revealed that enhanced seedling growth depended on the type and amount of fertilizer used, and their interaction. Fertilizer application increased the plant height by 2.67 cm to 12.26 cm, basal diameter by 0.39 cm to 0.75 cm, and chlorophyll content by 5.66 to 19.86. Among the different types of fertilizer, organic fertilizer increased the plant height by 0.42 cm to 9.59 cm and basal diameter by 0.01 cm to 0.05 cm, compared with the control group. Organic fertilizer had the maximum effect on seedling growth, especially at medium levels. The total growth of basal diameter and chlorophyll content was 1.58 ± 0.04 cm and 39.53 ± 2.37, respectively. Basal diameter is the most critical index in seedling reproduction . The study results suggest that the application of 4.06 g of organic fertilizer per plant was the most effective, and served as a basis for further field trials.

Abstract Optical approaches are useful for studying the electronic and spin structure of materials. Here, based on the tight-binding model and linear response theory, we investigate the magneto-optical Kerr and Faraday effects in two-dimensional second-order topological insulators (SOTI) with external magnetization. We find that orbital-dependent Zeeman term induces band crossings for SOTI phase, which are absent for trivial phase. In the weak-magnetization regime, these crossings give rise to giant jumps (peaks) of Kerr and Faraday angles (ellipticity) for SOTI phase. In the strong-magnetization regime, we find that two nearly flat bands are formed at the high-symmetry point of Brillouin zone of SOTI phase. These flat bands give rise to two successive giant jumps (peaks) of Kerr and Faraday angles (ellipticity). These phenomena provide new possibilities to characterize and detect the two-dimensional SOTI phase.