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International audience; With the largest economy in Southeast Asia and the fourth-largest population in theworld, Indonesia has tremendous entrepreneurial potential. The recent fast developmentof Internet-based businesses there brings opportunities for startups to flourish.Some have already achieved remarkable success, despite a lack of institutional supportto provide the necessary networks, material resources, and other elements ofan entrepreneurial culture. Increasingly, these factors for success are being providedby entrepreneurial ecosystems in which entrepreneurial networks play a major role.The experiences of #StartupLokal illustrate how an entrepreneurial network cansprout from the field, relying on the passion and drive of successful serial entrepreneurs.They also reveal how the entrepreneurial community can inspire potentialand new startup leaders, strengthen the entrepreneurial culture, and facilitate accessto resources.; With the largest economy in Southeast Asia and the fourth-largest population in theworld, Indonesia has tremendous entrepreneurial potential. The recent fast developmentof Internet-based businesses there brings opportunities for startups to flourish.Some have already achieved remarkable success, despite a lack of institutional supportto provide the necessary networks, material resources, and other elements ofan entrepreneurial culture. Increasingly, these factors for success are being providedby entrepreneurial ecosystems in which entrepreneurial networks play a major role.The experiences of #StartupLokal illustrate how an entrepreneurial network cansprout from the field, relying on the passion and drive of successful serial entrepreneurs.They also reveal how the entrepreneurial community can inspire potentialand new startup leaders, strengthen the entrepreneurial culture, and facilitate accessto resources.

Online media platforms have the characteristics of a particular type of market known as 'multi-sided'. These businesses create value by bringing advertisers and users together. Access to user data is critical to this process. On the basis of economic literature, the features of multi-sided platforms will be discussed. It will be argued that the characteristics of multi-sided platforms increase the likelihood that successful companies become dominant due to the existence of indirect network effects. In these circumstances, dominant platforms may foreclose competition by raising barriers to entry in the large collections of user data. This may give rise to access problems for competitors and new entrants that need access to data gathered by dominant platforms in order to provide competing or complementary services. A comparative legal analysis will be used to assess the standards that apply in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) for finding liability for refusals to deal under antitrust or competition law. The private antitrust cases that have already occurred regarding access to user data in the US show that the scope of applicability of the essential facilities doctrine is very limited after the judgment of the Supreme Court in Trinko. Although the European Commission and the Court of Justice seem to be willing to accept liability for a refusal to deal more easily than their US counterparts, high legal hurdles still have to be met under the essential facilities doctrine in the EU. Nevertheless, there are scenarios in which liability for refusals to give access to data will likely be accepted in the EU.

Because of the reliance on market analysis, current competition law may not be sufficiently fit for taking account of disruptive innovation which leads to the introduction of new products or services overthrowing existing markets. In the US, innovation has been given a more prominent place in competition analysis by way of recognizing the existence of 'innovation markets' and 'innovation competition' in, respectively, the 1995 Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property and the 2010 US Merger Guidelines. Although a similar notion of 'competition in innovation' has been introduced in the EU in policy documents in the area of Article 101 TFEU, in merger review and abuse of dominance cases such a concept has not been applied yet. By giving insight into the way in which the different pillars of EU competition law deal with disruptive innovation, this paper aims to contribute to the debate on how competition policy could be more conducive towards innovation in dynamic industries.