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International efforts to avoid dangerous climate change have historically focused on reducing energy-related CO2 emissions from countries with either the largest economies (e.g. the EU and the USA) and/or the largest populations (e.g. China and India). However, in recent years, emissions have surged among a different and much less-examined group of countries, raising concerns that a next generation of high-emitting economies will obviate current mitigation targets. Here, we analyse the trends and drivers of emissions in each of the 59 countries where emissions in 2010-2018 grew faster than the global average (excluding China and India), project their emissions under a range of longer-term energy scenarios and estimate the costs of decarbonization pathways. Total emissions from these 'emerging emitters' reach as much as 7.5 GtCO2/year in the baseline 2.5° scenario-substantially greater than the emissions from these regions in previously published scenarios that would limit warming to 1.5°C or even 2°C. Such unanticipated emissions would in turn require non-emitting energy deployment from all sectors within these emerging emitters, and faster and deeper reductions in emissions from other countries to meet international climate goals. Moreover, the annual costs of keeping emissions at the low level are in many cases 0.2%-4.1% of countries' gross domestic production, pointing to potential trade-offs with poverty-reduction goals and/or the need for economic support and low-carbon technology transfer from historically high-emitting countries. Our results thus highlight the critical importance of ramping up mitigation efforts in countries that to this point have been largely ignored.

This paper studies the coordination of supply chain in the context of carbon emissions trading mechanism, which considering the competition between retailers. Centralized and decentralized supply chain models were constructed to discuss the price of product, to avoid the losses of profit from the decentralized decision-making, the revenue-sharing contract was introduced to coordinate the supply chain. Research shows that the carbon emissions trading reduce emissions effectively, but the higher price of carbon emissions trading cut down the total profit of supply chain; The competition between retailers upgrades the supply chain members’ profit; Coordination was achieved by introducing the revenue-sharing contract. Finally, numerical example was given to illustrate the validity of the revenue-sharing contract, and the sensitivity analysis of parameters such as the price of the emissions trading and the retailers’ competition were presented.

This research aims to explore the positive effects of the COVID outbreak on labor and corporate social responsibility (CSR) environmental issues, using both shareholders and cognitional theories. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainability and CSR in addressing work environmental issues and investigates the correlation between CSR and labor environment issues in Bangladeshi "small and medium enterprises (SMEs)," based on the ISO 26,000 standard set by the "International Organization for Standardization." The research analyzed data from 399 executives in Bangladeshi SMEs, using partial least squares structural equation modeling for hypothesis testing and data analysis. The results revealed that the implementation of CSR practices had a positive impact on various aspects of work practices, such as employment relationships, human development and training, social exchange, conditions of work and social protection, and health and safety at work. The study contributes to a better knowledge of the impact of the pandemic on labor and environmental issues in Bangladeshi SMEs and demonstrates how CSR practices can effectively address these issues. This research delves into the influence of individuals' emotions on CSR practices amid the pandemic. It emphasizes the positive resurgence of sustainability and green initiatives. Furthermore, our study uncovers how negative sentiments toward the pandemic prompt a reevaluation of social practices, providing opportunities to strengthen CSR efforts. The findings from our study indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced companies to prioritize corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in response to the economic, social, and ecological challenges confronting various stakeholders, with a particular emphasis on employees. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to establish a comprehensive connection among the diverse elements encompassing CSR practices, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the challenges faced in the work environment. The research also discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, as well as potential areas for future research in this field. However, the study acknowledges its limitations and highlights the need for further investigation in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores a new theoretical model of employee creativity by investigating the impact of ethical leadership on creativity mediated by creative self-efficacy and psychological safety. Data collected from 200 supervisor-subordinate dyads in Pakistan reveal that ethical leadership is positively related to creativity. Further, psychological safety partially mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and creativity. However, creative self-efficacy is found insignificant in the relationship between ethical leadership and creativity. The study discusses research and practical implications of the proposed new theoretical framework with regard to employee creativity.