29 results on '"Valade R"'
Search Results
2. DIY-LOL - Prototypage d’un outil de diagnostic moléculaire démocratisable pour une gestion durable des adventices. Innovations Agronomiques 85, 121-129
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Mohamadi, F., Valade, R., Bonin, L., Fournier, M., Moreau, F., Ougen, P., Cohan, J., and Délye, C.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. SEPTODUR - Contribution à la durabilité de la lutte génétique et chimique contre la Septoriose du blé dur par la caractérisation des populations du complexe d’espèces responsable de cette maladie. Innovations Agronomiques 84, 44-58
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Valade, R., Caparroy, T., Beaudouin, O., Vitry, C., Massot, M., Toussaint , J., Killmayer, M., Bonnefoy, M., M., Cochard, Lonnet, P., Lefevre, T., Legoff, J.-P., Lacoudre, F., Duque, C., Andre, C., Gazeau, G., Duplaix, C., Walker, A.-S., Laval, V., Marcel, T., Confais, J., and Gout, L.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Low Amplitude Boom-and-Bust Cycles Define the Septoria Nodorum Blotch Interaction
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Phan, Huyen T. T., Jones, Darcy, Rybak, Kasia, Dodhia, Kejal, Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco, Valade, R., Gout, L., Lebrun, M.H., Brunner, P.C., Oliver, Richard, Tan, Kar-Chun, Phan, Huyen T. T., Jones, Darcy, Rybak, Kasia, Dodhia, Kejal, Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco, Valade, R., Gout, L., Lebrun, M.H., Brunner, P.C., Oliver, Richard, and Tan, Kar-Chun
- Abstract
Introduction: Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is a complex fungal disease of wheat caused by the Dothideomycete fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. The fungus infects through the use of necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that cause necrosis on hosts carrying matching dominant susceptibility genes. The Western Australia (WA) wheatbelt is a SNB “hot spot” and experiences significant under favorable conditions. Consequently, SNB has been a major target for breeders in WA for many years. Materials and Methods: In this study, we assembled a panel of 155 WA P. nodorum isolates collected over a 44-year period and compared them to 23 isolates from France and the USA using 28 SSR loci. Results: The WA P. nodorum population was clustered into five groups with contrasting properties. 80% of the studied isolates were assigned to two core groups found throughout the collection location and time. The other three non-core groups that encompassed transient and emergent populations were found in restricted locations and time. Changes in group genotypes occurred during periods that coincided with the mass adoption of a single or a small group of widely planted wheat cultivars. When introduced, these cultivars had high scores for SNB resistance. However, the field resistance of these new cultivars often declined over subsequent seasons prompting their replacement with new, more resistant varieties. Pathogenicity assays showed that newly emerged isolates non-core are more pathogenic than old isolates. It is likely that the non-core groups were repeatedly selected for increased virulence on the contemporary popular cultivars. Discussion: The low level of genetic diversity within the non-core groups, difference in virulence, low abundance, and restriction to limited locations suggest that these populations more vulnerable to a population crash when the cultivar was replaced by one that was genetically different and more resistant. We characterize the observed pattern as a low-amplitude boo
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- 2020
5. Contribution of NGS-based approaches to the analysis of French winter barley crops virological status
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Rolland, M., Villemot, Julie, Marais-Colombel, Armelle, Theil, Sébastien, Faure, Chantal, Cadot, V., Valade, R., Vitry, C., Candresse, Thierry, Groupe d'Etude et de Contrôle des Variétés et des Semences (GEVES), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). FRA., and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
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[SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,VPg ,virus phytopathogène ,rym resistance ,[SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,Barley yellow mosaic disease ,phytopathogenic virus ,NGS ,santé des plantes ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,virologie végétale ,Bymovirus ,plant health ,pathologie végétale ,[SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy - Abstract
UMR 1332 - Equipe Virologie; Contribution of NGS-based approaches to the analysis of French winter barley crops virological status. 16. Rencontres de Virologie Végétale (RVV 2017)
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- 2017
6. Acute abdomen secondary to complete tubular colonic duplication
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Castejón-Casado, Javier, Miguelsanz, M. MuñOz, Diaz, E., Gomez, M., Garcia, M. Padilla, and Valade, R.
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Gastrointestinal system ,Acute abdomen ,Health - Abstract
Byline: Javier. Castejón-Casado, M. Muñoz Miguelsanz, E. Diaz, M. Gomez, M. Padilla Garcia, R. Valade We report the case of a 6-month-old infant who presented with a complete duplication of [...]
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- 2014
7. Wheat effector assisted breeding for resistance to fungal pathogens
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Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Langin, Thierry, Kroj, Thomas, Cockram, J., Oliver, R., Kema, G., Valade, R., Praud, S., Laurent, V., Duchalais, L., Lein, V., BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Partenaires INRAE, PRI, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], BIOGEMMA, Florimond Desprez, Rouergue Auvergne Gévaudan Tarnais, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
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resistance ,Parastagonospora nodorum (Pn) ,wheat ,breeding ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Fusarium graminearum (Fg) ,food and beverages ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Zymoseptoria tritici (Z) - Abstract
UMR BGPI : Equipe 4 : Interactions Céréales Agents Pathogènes (ICAP); National audience; The discovery that fungal effector proteins are important for infection represents a novel opportunity for controlling plant diseases. Use of fungal effectors for resistance breeding is a game-changing technology creating opportunities and innovative methods to identify novel resistances to fungal diseases in plants. These methods are amenable to high throughput phenotyping. The recent availability of high-density genetic marker coverage of the wheat genome allows the mapping of novel resistances identified through such high throughput phenotyping. We are using necrotrophic protein effectors from Parastagonospora nodorum (Pn) and toxic proteins from Fusarium graminearum (Fg) and Zymoseptoria tritici (Zt) to detect resistance genes/QTLs in wheat. Complementary strategies will be used to detect a large array of resistance mechanisms to fungal effectors. Recombinant necrotrophic protein effectors and toxic proteins are produced in yeast and the purified proteins are delivered into wheat leaves by syringe infiltration. Symptom development is scored few days after infiltration. Screening of 220 elite French wheat cultivars with Pn ToxA, 1 and 3 has highlighted a large number of cultivars insensitive to the three necrotrophic effectors, and only a few cultivars that were sensitive to all three effectors, suggesting that previous breeding for field resistance to Pn (1960-1980) led to the accumulation of insensitivity alleles. To validate this hypothesis, we are currently pathotyping these wheat cultivars with a French Pn isolate producing Tox1 and 3. Mapping of loci controlling insensitivity to Pn necrotrophic effectors and resistance to Pn isolate will be performed using genome-wide association analyses. This project will facilitate plant breeding efforts to select for resistance to important fungal pathogens by providing a ‘toolkit’ of biomolecular markers.
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- 2016
8. Population genetic structure and host specialization in the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
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Gout, Lilian, Confais, Johann, Massot, M., Ducasse, Aurélie, Valade, R., BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris]
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Septoria tritici ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,bread wheat ,food and beverages ,durum wheat ,host specialisation ,Zymoseptoria tritici ,wheat ,blé ,structure des populations ,Zymoseptoria tritci ,spécialisation d'hôte ,population genetic structure ,host specialization ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience; Zymoseptoria tritici causes Septoria tritici blotch of wheat, one of the most important diseases of this crop worldwide. Yield losses can reach 50% in disease-conducive climates and epidemics occur regularly both on hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum). Isolates of Z. tritici exhibit both cultivar specificity (ability to infect only some cultivars of either bread or durum wheat) and host species specificity (ability to only infect one or the other wheat species). In France, the major bread wheat growing areas are located in the northern regions of the country whereas durum wheat is mainly cropped in the southern regions. Besides these traditional growing regions, both species are also cultivated in the ‘Centre’ region and in the southwestern region of France. In this study, we exploited these contrasted agrosystems to investigate, at a population level, the extent of host specialization in Z. tritici and to test whether this specificity towards bread or durum wheat had a significant effect on the genetic structure of the fungal populations. A set of 700 isolates were sampled from naturally infected fields of bread and durum wheat in four main French growing regions and genotyped using 12 microsatellite markers. The level of host specialization of 72 isolates from these populations was also determined by cross inoculation experiments on a panel of bread and durum wheat varieties.
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- 2016
9. Renforcer les résistances du triticale à l’oïdium et à la fusariose par l’intégration de leviers génétiques et agronomiques
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Bouguennec, Annaig, Tourvieille De Labrouhe, Denis, Serre, Frédéric, Masson, E., Grignon, Guénolé, Hourcade-Marcolla, D., Valade, R., Lonnet, Philippe, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), UE 1375 Phénotypage Au Champ des Céréales, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Santé des plantes et environnement (S.P.E.)-Biologie et Amélioration des Plantes (BAP)-Phénotypage Au Champ des Céréales (PHACC), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], GIE Triticale, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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Fusarium Head Blight ,Powdery mildew ,QTL ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Resistance ,Molecular markers ,Fusariose ,Triticale ,Oïdium ,Marquage moléculaire ,Résistance - Abstract
Afin de lutter contre deux maladies préoccupantes pour la culture du triticale, l’oïdium et la fusariose sur épi, nous avons étudié à la fois des approches agronomiques et génétiques. Concernant l’oïdium, des associations variétales ont été testées durant trois années. Par ailleurs, les virulences de populations naturelles du pathogène Blumeria graminis du triticale ont été déterminées à l’aide d’hôtes différentiels de blé au stade 2-3 feuilles. Puis une collection de triticales a été caractérisée par la même technique d’une part et aussi à l’aide de souches isolées d’autre part. Ces tests n’ont pas permis d’identifier les différents gènes de résistance présents chez les triticales mais ils ont apporté de nombreuses connaissances utiles. Concernant la fusariose, les analyses de flore ont montré que cette maladie du triticale est principalement causée par Fusarium graminearum et Microdochium spp en France, comme pour les blés. Pour l’accumulation de la mycotoxine déoxynivalenol (DON), de même que pour le blé tendre, les facteurs de risques les plus importants ont été les précédents maïs ou sorgho et l’absence de travail du sol. Sur la collection de triticale, évaluée en conditions semi-contrôlée à l’aide d’une souche de F. graminearum, la notation des symptômes a été grandement facilitée par la mise au point d’une méthode d’imagerie associée à la création d’un logiciel Fusanote®. Cependant, les interactions génotype x année ont été fortes. Pour les deux maladies, une recherche de QTL sur plusieurs populations a permis d’identifier quelques marqueurs intéressants. En tenant compte des informations et outils précédents, la collection de triticale a été génotypée pour les marqueurs jugés pertinents. Enfin, des blés et seigles intéressants ont été croisés et ont permis d’obtenir de nouveaux triticales primaires potentiellement résistants qui serviront de géniteurs dans les programmes de sélection triticale et apporteront de la diversité., To face powdery mildew and Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) on triticale, agronomic and genetic approaches were studied. Concerning powdery mildew, cultivars mixtures have been tested for three years. Virulence of natural triticale powdery mildew populations was determined using a set of wheat differential hosts at seedling stage. Then, a collection of triticale was characterized in the same conditions and also with isolated powdery mildew strains. These tests did not make it possible to identify resistance genes carried by triticale; however they provided useful knowledge. As regards FHB, flora analysis showed this disease on triticale to be due mainly to Fusarium graminearum and Microdochium spp in France, similarly to wheat. For deoxynivalenol accumulation, agronomical main risks were the noA. tillage and corn or sorghum as previous crop. For triticale collection characterization with F. graminearum in semi-controlled conditions, new imagery method and Fusanote® software were helpful; however, cultivar x year interactions were strong. For both diseases, QTL analysis performed on three populations revealed some possible markers. Taking into account these results for powdery mildew and FHB, the collection was genotyped and new primary triticales were created by crossing wheat and rye, for breeding programs.
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- 2016
10. Renforcer les résistances du triticale à la fusariose par l’intégration de leviers génétiques et agronomiques
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Bouguennec, Annaig, Serre, Frédéric, Grignon, Guénolé, Valade, R., Lonnet, Philippe, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), UE 1375 Phénotypage Au Champ des Céréales, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Santé des plantes et environnement (S.P.E.)-Biologie et Amélioration des Plantes (BAP)-Phénotypage Au Champ des Céréales (PHACC), ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal, GIE Triticale, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Comité Technique Permanent de la Sélection (CTPS). FRA., ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris]
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,sélection génétique ,weed control methods ,champignon phytopathogène ,cereal crop ,phytopathogenic fungus ,[SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,méthode de lutte ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,culture céréaliere ,optimisation agronomique ,pathologie végétale ,[SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,fusarium spp - Abstract
Renforcer les résistances du triticale à la fusariose par l’intégration de leviers génétiques et agronomiques. Séminaire du Comité Scientifique du CTPS
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- 2015
11. MiCODetect project : guidelines for an optical sensor for presymptomatic detection of Septoria tritici to aid in integrated management of Zymoseptoria tritici blotch of wheat
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Gouache, D., Chaouche, Sarrah, Florin, L., Masdoumier, G., Barrilliet, G., Garcia, C., Saillot, E., Deswarte, J.C., Valade, R., Dufresne, Marie, Seng, J.M., Ayral, J.L., Saindrenan, Patrick, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FORCE-A, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
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diagnostics précoces ,metabolomics ,decision support tools ,fluorescence ,early diagnostics ,Zymoseptoria tritici ,wheat ,métabolomique ,outil d’aide à la décision ,blé ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology - Abstract
La septoriose provoquée par le champignon phytopathogène Zymoseptoria tritici est la 1ère maladie contributrice aux traitements fongicides sur blé en France et en Europe. Le raisonnement de son traitement au plus proche des besoins réels peut apporter des économies significatives de produit sans perte de performance technique. Pour cela, la quantification du champignon pendant sa phase asymptomatique d’incubation a été identifiée comme un point clef. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que des métabolites secondaires fluorescents produits par la plante en réponse à l’infection, servant de biomarqueurs de la transition biotrophie-nécrotrophie pourraient être quantifiés par un capteur ad hoc. Nous avons mis en place un protocole d’analyse métabolomique et transcriptomique de l’interaction blé- septoriose, et identifié plusieurs voies métaboliques induites. En particulier, trois métabolites secondaires issus de la voie du tryptophane sont produits lors de l’infection, et émettent une fluorescence dans l'ultra-violet (UV-UV). Au champ, la production de ces métabolites s’avère effectivement prédictive du développement ultérieur des symptômes, et modifie le spectre UV-UV des feuilles de blé. Des expérimentations complémentaires sont à effectuer pour préciser les longueurs d’onde d’émission les plus prédictives et établir le degré de spécificité et de robustesse de ce signal fluorescent., Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is the most important disease in wheat, and the first contributor to fungicide use in France and Europe. Adjusting sprayings to the specific requirements of the crop can lead to significant reductions in fungicide use without compromising yield. It has been shown that presymptomatic quantification of the pathogen could be key to achieve this. We hypothesized that the production of fluorescent secondary metabolites by the infected wheat crop could be used as biomarkers of the transition to necrotrophy, to quantify the pathogen, via an adapted sensor. We set up a metabolomic and transcriptomic screening of the wheatseptoria interaction and identified different upregulated metabolic pathways. Specifically, three metabolites from the tryptophan pathway are produced during infection, and emit UV-UV fluorescence. In the field, these metabolites are predictive of ulterior symptom dynamics, and modify the UV-UV spectrum of wheat leaves. Additional experiments will be necessary to determine which emission wavelengths are the most predictive, and to assess how specific and robust this fluorescence is.
- Published
- 2015
12. MiCODetect : vers le cahier des charges d’un Capteur Optique de Détection présymptomatique de Septoria tritici pour la lutte intégrée contre la septoriose du blé
- Author
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Gouache, D., Chaouche, Sarrah, Florin, L., Masdoumier, G., Barrilliet, G., Garcia, C., Saillot, E., Deswarte, J.C., Valade, R., Dufresne, Marie, Seng, J.M., Ayral, J.L., Saindrenan, Patrick, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FORCE-A, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
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diagnostics précoces ,blé ,decision support tools ,wheat ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,early diagnostics ,Zymoseptoria tritici ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,outil d’aide à la décision ,fluorescence ,metabolomics ,métabolomique - Abstract
Ce volume rassemble l'ensemble des travaux de recherche conduits dans le cadre des appels à projets soutenus par le plan Ecophyto, et présentés à l'occasion du colloque Ecophyto Recherche des 13 et 14 octobre 2015; National audience; Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is the most important disease in wheat, and the first contributor to fungicide use in France and Europe. Adjusting sprayings to the specific requirements of the crop can lead to significant reductions in fungicide use without compromising yield. It has been shown that presymptomatic quantification of the pathogen could be key to achieve this. We hypothesized that the production of fluorescent secondary metabolites by the infected wheat crop could be used as biomarkers of the transition to necrotrophy, to quantify the pathogen, via an adapted sensor. We set up a metabolomic and transcriptomic screening of the wheatseptoria interaction and identified different upregulated metabolic pathways. Specifically, three metabolites from the tryptophan pathway are produced during infection, and emit UV-UV fluorescence. In the field, these metabolites are predictive of ulterior symptom dynamics, and modify the UV-UV spectrum of wheat leaves. Additional experiments will be necessary to determine which emission wavelengths are the most predictive, and to assess how specific and robust this fluorescence is.; La septoriose provoquée par le champignon phytopathogène Zymoseptoria tritici est la 1ère maladie contributrice aux traitements fongicides sur blé en France et en Europe. Le raisonnement de son traitement au plus proche des besoins réels peut apporter des économies significatives de produit sans perte de performance technique. Pour cela, la quantification du champignon pendant sa phase asymptomatique d’incubation a été identifiée comme un point clef. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que des métabolites secondaires fluorescents produits par la plante en réponse à l’infection, servant de biomarqueurs de la transition biotrophie-nécrotrophie pourraient être quantifiés par un capteur ad hoc. Nous avons mis en place un protocole d’analyse métabolomique et transcriptomique de l’interaction blé- septoriose, et identifié plusieurs voies métaboliques induites. En particulier, trois métabolites secondaires issus de la voie du tryptophane sont produits lors de l’infection, et émettent une fluorescence dans l'ultra-violet (UV-UV). Au champ, la production de ces métabolites s’avère effectivement prédictive du développement ultérieur des symptômes, et modifie le spectre UV-UV des feuilles de blé. Des expérimentations complémentaires sont à effectuer pour préciser les longueurs d’onde d’émission les plus prédictives et établir le degré de spécificité et de robustesse de ce signal fluorescent.
- Published
- 2015
13. A Stowaway Specias from the Balkans: The Horse Chestnut Leafminer, Cameraria ohridella (2010)
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Augustin, Sylvie, Kenis, M., Valade, R., Gilbert, Marius, Garcia, J, Roques, Alain, Lopez-Vaamonde, A., Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Augustin, Sylvie, Kenis, M., Valade, R., Gilbert, Marius, Garcia, J, Roques, Alain, Lopez-Vaamonde, A., and Lopez-Vaamonde, C.
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2010
14. Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers reveal a Balkan origin for the highly invasive horse‐chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)
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VALADE, R., primary, KENIS, M., additional, HERNANDEZ‐LOPEZ, A., additional, AUGUSTIN, S., additional, MARI MENA, N., additional, MAGNOUX, E., additional, ROUGERIE, R., additional, LAKATOS, F., additional, ROQUES, A., additional, and LOPEZ‐VAAMONDE, C., additional
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- 2009
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15. The Big Projects Always Fail: Taking an Enterprise Agile.
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Valade, R.
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- 2008
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16. Using current events to enhance learning: a social work curricular case example.
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Grise-Owens E, Cambron S, and Valade R
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- 2010
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17. The Social Work Assessment Tool (SWAT)
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Reese DJ, Raymer M, Orloff SF, Gerbino S, Valade R, Dawson S, Butler C, Wise-Wright M, and Huber R
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This paper reports on the last of three National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization initiatives to move hospice and palliative care social workers into the patient/family outcomes arena: the development of the Social Work Assessment Tool. The experience of a team of practitioners and researchers is described, including results of two pilot studies and subsequent SWAT revisions. The major focus is on the current model performance improvement project, in which 19 social workers from 14 hospice and palliative care programs used the SWAT with 101 patients and 81 primary caregivers for a median of 44 days. Quantitative analysis indicated significant improvement in SWAT scores for patients from the first to the second social work visit (t = -2.60, df = 47, p .01). Qualitative interviewing of the social workers indicated some lack of readiness in the field to conduct quantitative outcomes measurement. Additional measures are needed in addition to the SWAT, including qualitative measures, and measures of mezzo and macro practice. Participants indicated that the SWAT was appropriate for use with economically and culturally diverse clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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18. Bibliography on child abuse.
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Valade R, Lips T, and Mes F
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- 1984
19. Acute abdomen secondary to complete tubular colonic duplication
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Diaz Em, Valade Rf, Gomez Mg, Garcia Mp, Castejón-Casado J, Muñoz Miguelsanz M, [Castejón-Casado,J, Muñoz Miguelsanz,MA, Moreno Diaz,E, Garcia Gomez,M, Padilla Garcia,MA, and Fernandez Valade,R] Division of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital 'Virgen de las Nieves', Granada, Spain
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Colonic duplication ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Abdomen Agudo ,Colon ,Duplication ,Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms, Digestive::Abdominal Pain::Abdomen, Acute [Medical Subject Headings] ,education ,lcsh:Surgery ,Diseases::Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [Medical Subject Headings] ,Case Report ,Anatomy::Digestive System::Gastrointestinal Tract::Intestines::Intestine, Large::Colon [Medical Subject Headings] ,Diseases::Digestive System Diseases::Digestive System Abnormalities [Medical Subject Headings] ,Gastroenterology ,Pathogenesis ,Acute abdomen ,ascites ,Ascitis ,Internal medicine ,Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Ascites [Medical Subject Headings] ,Gene duplication ,Medicine ,Large intestine ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Surgical Procedures, Operative [Medical Subject Headings] ,Publication Characteristics::Study Characteristics::Case Reports [Medical Subject Headings] ,Surgical treatment ,colon ,business.industry ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,Enfermedades Metabólicas ,Ascites ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,lcsh:RD1-811 ,Lactante ,Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases [Medical Subject Headings] ,Informes de Casos ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,duplication ,Anomalías del Sistema Digestivo ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant [Medical Subject Headings] ,business - Abstract
Journal Article; We report the case of a 6-month-old infant who presented with a complete duplication of the large intestine, debuting clinically with acute abdomen and severe metabolic disorders. We discuss the pathogenesis and morphology of the lesions, diagnostic difficulties and peculiarities of surgical treatment. Yes
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- 2014
20. Deep population structure linked to host vernalization requirement in the barley net blotch fungal pathogen.
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Ramírez Martínez J, Guillou S, Le Prieur S, Di Vittorio P, Bonal F, Taliadoros D, Gueret E, Fournier E, Stukenbrock EH, Valade R, and Gladieux P
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- France, Host-Pathogen Interactions genetics, Phylogeny, Vernalization, Hordeum microbiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Ascomycota genetics
- Abstract
Invasive fungal pathogens pose a substantial threat to widely cultivated crop species, owing to their capacity to adapt to new hosts and new environmental conditions. Gaining insights into the demographic history of these pathogens and unravelling the mechanisms driving coevolutionary processes are crucial for developing durably effective disease management programmes. Pyrenophora teres is a significant fungal pathogen of barley, consisting of two lineages, Ptt and Ptm, with global distributions and demographic histories reflecting barley domestication and spread. However, the factors influencing the population structure of P. teres remain poorly understood, despite the varietal and environmental heterogeneity of barley agrosystems. Here, we report on the population genomic structure of P. teres in France and globally. We used genotyping-by-sequencing to show that Ptt and Ptm can coexist in the same area in France, with Ptt predominating. Furthermore, we showed that differences in the vernalization requirement of barley varieties were associated with population differentiation within Ptt in France and at a global scale, with one population cluster found on spring barley and another population cluster found on winter barley. Our results demonstrate how cultivation conditions, possibly associated with genetic differences between host populations, can be associated with the maintenance of divergent invasive pathogen populations coexisting over large geographic areas. This study not only advances our understanding of the coevolutionary dynamics of the Pt-barley pathosystem but also prompts further research on the relative contributions of adaptation to the host versus adaptation to abiotic conditions in shaping Ptt populations.
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- 2024
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21. Quantitative and qualitative plant-pathogen interactions call upon similar pathogenicity genes with a spectrum of effects.
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Langlands-Perry C, Pitarch A, Lapalu N, Cuenin M, Bergez C, Noly A, Amezrou R, Gélisse S, Barrachina C, Parrinello H, Suffert F, Valade R, and Marcel TC
- Abstract
Septoria leaf blotch is a foliar wheat disease controlled by a combination of plant genetic resistances and fungicides use. R- gene-based qualitative resistance durability is limited due to gene-for-gene interactions with fungal avirulence ( Avr ) genes. Quantitative resistance is considered more durable but the mechanisms involved are not well documented. We hypothesize that genes involved in quantitative and qualitative plant-pathogen interactions are similar. A bi-parental population of Zymoseptoria tritici was inoculated on wheat cultivar 'Renan' and a linkage analysis performed to map QTL. Three pathogenicity QTL, Qzt-I05-1, Qzt-I05-6 and Qzt-I07-13 , were mapped on chromosomes 1, 6 and 13 in Z. tritici , and a candidate pathogenicity gene on chromosome 6 was selected based on its effector-like characteristics. The candidate gene was cloned by Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation, and a pathology test assessed the effect of the mutant strains on 'Renan'. This gene was demonstrated to be involved in quantitative pathogenicity. By cloning a newly annotated quantitative-effect gene in Z. tritici that is effector-like, we demonstrated that genes underlying pathogenicity QTL can be similar to Avr genes. This opens up the previously probed possibility that 'gene-for-gene' underlies not only qualitative but also quantitative plant-pathogen interactions in this pathosystem., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Langlands-Perry, Pitarch, Lapalu, Cuenin, Bergez, Noly, Amezrou, Gélisse, Barrachina, Parrinello, Suffert, Valade and Marcel.)
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- 2023
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22. Complete Genome Sequences of Septoria linicola : A Resource for Studying a Damaging Flax Pathogen.
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Lapalu N, Simon A, Demenou B, Paumier D, Guillot MP, Gout L, Suffert F, and Valade R
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- Genomics, DNA Transposable Elements, Plant Diseases, Flax, Ascomycota genetics
- Abstract
Fungal genus Septoria causes diseases in a wide range of plants. Here, we report the first genome sequences of two strains of Septoria linicola , the causal agent of the pasmo disease of flax ( Linum usitatissimum ). The genome of the first strain, SE15195, was fully assembled in 16 chromosomes, while 35 unitigs were obtained for a second strain, SE14017. Structural annotations predicted 13,096 and 13,085 protein-encoding genes and transposable elements content of 19.0 and 18.1% of the genome for SE15195 and SE14017, respectively. The four smaller chromosomes 13 to 16 show genomics features of potential accessory chromosomes. The assembly of these two genomes is a new resource for studying S. linicola and improving management of pasmo. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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- 2023
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23. First report of barley virus G infecting winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in France.
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Svanella-Dumas L, Vitry C, Valade R, Robin N, Thibord JB, Marais A, and Candresse T
- Abstract
As part of a cereals virome project high throughput sequencing (HTS)-based viral indexing was performed on plants with symptoms of barley yellow dwarf disease collected in June (2017-2020) in the main French cereals production areas. Total RNAs from 32 individual plants were purified (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit, Qiagen, Courtaboeuf, France) and Illumina sequenced (2x150 nt) following ribodepletion (Genewiz-Azenta, Leipzig, Germany). Following quality trimming, reads for each sample were de novo assembled (CLC Genomics Workbench 21, Qiagen) [1] and contigs annotated by BlastX analysis. In four winter barley samples collected in 2018 (18-58, 18-325 and 18-326) and 2019 (19-30A), besides contigs representing diverse viruses such as barley yellow dwarf viruses-PAV and PAS, Hordeum vulgare endornavirus, cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (18-326), wheat dwarf virus (18-325 and 18-326) and a novel Polerovirus (18-58 and 18-326), large contigs with high identity to barley virus G (BVG) were identified. BVG, a tentative Polerovirus, was initially reported in barley in South Korea in 2016 [2] and has so far been identified in a few other hosts including wheat, oat, maize, proso and foxtail millets as well as switchgrass. It has been reported from the USA and Australia [3] and, in Europe, from the Netherlands, Germany, Hungary and Greece [4]. Large BVG scaffolds representing near complete genomes could be reconstructed for each sample, integrating a total of 128.339, 7.188, 8.078 and 20.073 reads, for samples 19-30A, 18-58, 18325 and 18-326 respectively. Given that between 17.2 and 20.5 million reads had been obtained per sample, these values translate into between 0.04% (18-58 and 18-325) and 0.6% (19-30A) of total reads, and to average coverages of between 158x (18-58) and 2866x (19-30A) for the genomic scaffolds. The four assembled sequences (5584-5610 nt) have been deposited in GenBank (ON419453-ON419456). They are nearly identical (98.4 to 99.5% nt identity) and share between 97.7% and 98.5% nt identity with a barley reference isolate from the South Korea (NC_029906). To confirm the presence of BVG, a primer pair was designed based on available BVG sequences. Primers BVG-F(5'-CTAGCCCAACGAGTTGCGGG-3') and BVG-R(5'-GGTACAGAAGCTCTACGGTTC-3') amplifying a 394 nt were used in a two-step RT-PCR on new RNA extracts obtained from the 18-325 and 18-326 infected plants. The amplicons were directly sequenced and showed respectively 99.2% (ON419457, 18-325) and 100% (18-326) nt identity with the corresponding de novo scaffolds. The four analyzed samples have been collected respectively in 2018 (18-58, 18-325, 18-326) and 2019 (19-30A) in three different regions of France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Occitanie and Centre-Val de Loire), indicating a wide distribution and a persistence over time of BVG in France. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of a natural infection of BVG in cultivated winter barley in France. Presence of BVG may have been overlooked in a range of situation, as indicated by its retrospective discovery in a 34 years old Australian sample [3], possibly explaining its broad distribution in France. While the mixed infection status of the analyzed plants precludes any conclusion on its pathogenicity in French cereals, BVG has been reported to be associated with a range of symptoms in various hosts so that further studies to evaluate its prevalence and impact in France and to begin to understand its epidemiology are clearly warranted by the present results.
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- 2022
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24. Wheat Stem Rust Back in Europe: Diversity, Prevalence and Impact on Host Resistance.
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Patpour M, Hovmøller MS, Rodriguez-Algaba J, Randazzo B, Villegas D, Shamanin VP, Berlin A, Flath K, Czembor P, Hanzalova A, Sliková S, Skolotneva ES, Jin Y, Szabo L, Meyer KJG, Valade R, Thach T, Hansen JG, and Justesen AF
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the re-emergence of a previously important crop pathogen in Europe, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, causing wheat stem rust. The pathogen has been insignificant in Europe for more than 60 years, but since 2016 it has caused epidemics on both durum wheat and bread wheat in local areas in southern Europe, and additional outbreaks in Central- and West Europe. The prevalence of three distinct genotypes/races in many areas, Clade III-B (TTRTF), Clade IV-B (TKTTF) and Clade IV-F (TKKTF), suggested clonal reproduction and evolution by mutation within these. None of these genetic groups and races, which likely originated from exotic incursions, were detected in Europe prior to 2016. A fourth genetic group, Clade VIII, detected in Germany (2013), was observed in several years in Central- and East Europe. Tests of representative European wheat varieties with prevalent races revealed high level of susceptibility. In contrast, high diversity with respect to virulence and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were detected in local populations on cereals and grasses in proximity to Berberis species in Spain and Sweden, indicating that the alternate host may return as functional component of the epidemiology of wheat stem rust in Europe. A geographically distant population from Omsk and Novosibirsk in western Siberia (Russia) also revealed high genetic diversity, but clearly different from current European populations. The presence of Sr31 -virulence in multiple and highly diverse races in local populations in Spain and Siberia stress that virulence may emerge independently when large geographical areas and time spans are considered and that Sr31 -virulence is not unique to Ug99. All isolates of the Spanish populations, collected from wheat, rye and grass species, were succesfully recovered on wheat, which underline the plasticity of host barriers within P. graminis . The study demonstrated successful alignment of two genotyping approaches and race phenotyping methodologies employed by different laboratories, which also allowed us to line up with previous European and international studies of wheat stem rust. Our results suggest new initiatives within disease surveillance, epidemiological research and resistance breeding to meet current and future challenges by wheat stem rust in Europe and beyond., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Patpour, Hovmøller, Rodriguez-Algaba, Randazzo, Villegas, Shamanin, Berlin, Flath, Czembor, Hanzalova, Sliková, Skolotneva, Jin, Szabo, Meyer, Valade, Thach, Hansen and Justesen.)
- Published
- 2022
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25. Resistance of the Wheat Cultivar 'Renan' to Septoria Leaf Blotch Explained by a Combination of Strain Specific and Strain Non-Specific QTL Mapped on an Ultra-Dense Genetic Map.
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Langlands-Perry C, Cuenin M, Bergez C, Krima SB, Gélisse S, Sourdille P, Valade R, and Marcel TC
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- Ascomycota classification, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Plant genetics, Plant Breeding, Plant Diseases genetics, Plant Diseases microbiology, Plant Leaves genetics, Plant Leaves immunology, Plant Leaves microbiology, Plant Proteins genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Species Specificity, Transcriptome, Triticum genetics, Triticum microbiology, Ascomycota physiology, Disease Resistance genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Diseases immunology, Plant Proteins metabolism, Quantitative Trait Loci, Triticum immunology
- Abstract
Quantitative resistance is considered more durable than qualitative resistance as it does not involve major resistance genes that can be easily overcome by pathogen populations, but rather a combination of genes with a lower individual effect. This durability means that quantitative resistance could be an interesting tool for breeding crops that would not systematically require phytosanitary products. Quantitative resistance has yet to reveal all of its intricacies. Here, we delve into the case of the wheat/Septoria tritici blotch (STB) pathosystem. Using a population resulting from a cross between French cultivar Renan, generally resistant to STB, and Chinese Spring, a cultivar susceptible to the disease, we built an ultra-dense genetic map that carries 148,820 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Phenotyping the interaction was done with two different Zymoseptoria tritici strains with contrasted pathogenicities on Renan. A linkage analysis led to the detection of three quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to resistance in Renan. These QTL, on chromosomes 7B, 1D, and 5D, present with an interesting diversity as that on 7B was detected with both fungal strains, while those on 1D and 5D were strain-specific. The resistance on 7B was located in the region of Stb8 and the resistance on 1D colocalized with Stb19 . However, the resistance on 5D was new, so further designated Stb20q . Several wall-associated kinases (WAK), nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeats (NB-LRR) type, and kinase domain carrying genes were present in the QTL regions, and some of them were expressed during the infection. These results advocate for a role of Stb genes in quantitative resistance and for resistance in the wheat/STB pathosystem being as a whole quantitative and polygenic.
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- 2021
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26. Low Amplitude Boom-and-Bust Cycles Define the Septoria Nodorum Blotch Interaction.
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Phan HTT, Jones DAB, Rybak K, Dodhia KN, Lopez-Ruiz FJ, Valade R, Gout L, Lebrun MH, Brunner PC, Oliver RP, and Tan KC
- Abstract
Introduction: Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is a complex fungal disease of wheat caused by the Dothideomycete fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum . The fungus infects through the use of necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that cause necrosis on hosts carrying matching dominant susceptibility genes. The Western Australia (WA) wheatbelt is a SNB "hot spot" and experiences significant under favorable conditions. Consequently, SNB has been a major target for breeders in WA for many years., Materials and Methods: In this study, we assembled a panel of 155 WA P. nodorum isolates collected over a 44-year period and compared them to 23 isolates from France and the USA using 28 SSR loci., Results: The WA P. nodorum population was clustered into five groups with contrasting properties. 80% of the studied isolates were assigned to two core groups found throughout the collection location and time. The other three non-core groups that encompassed transient and emergent populations were found in restricted locations and time. Changes in group genotypes occurred during periods that coincided with the mass adoption of a single or a small group of widely planted wheat cultivars. When introduced, these cultivars had high scores for SNB resistance. However, the field resistance of these new cultivars often declined over subsequent seasons prompting their replacement with new, more resistant varieties. Pathogenicity assays showed that newly emerged isolates non-core are more pathogenic than old isolates. It is likely that the non-core groups were repeatedly selected for increased virulence on the contemporary popular cultivars., Discussion: The low level of genetic diversity within the non-core groups, difference in virulence, low abundance, and restriction to limited locations suggest that these populations more vulnerable to a population crash when the cultivar was replaced by one that was genetically different and more resistant. We characterize the observed pattern as a low-amplitude boom-and-bust cycle in contrast with the classical high amplitude boom-and-bust cycles seen for biotrophic pathogens where the contrast between resistance and susceptibility is typically much greater. Implications of the results are discussed relating to breeding strategies for more sustainable SNB resistance and more generally for pathogens with NEs., (Copyright © 2020 Phan, Jones, Rybak, Dodhia, Lopez-Ruiz, Valade, Gout, Lebrun, Brunner, Oliver and Tan.)
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- 2020
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27. Fusarium species and enniatin mycotoxins in wheat, durum wheat, triticale and barley harvested in France.
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Orlando B, Grignon G, Vitry C, Kashefifard K, and Valade R
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- Chromatography, Liquid, Food Contamination analysis, France, Fusarium metabolism, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Depsipeptides analysis, Fusarium classification, Hordeum microbiology, Triticale microbiology, Triticum microbiology
- Abstract
Contamination with enniatins A, A1, B and B1 was investigated in 1240 samples of small grain cereals (470 wheat, 260 durum wheat, 282 spring barley, 172 triticale and 56 winter barley) from the French harvests of 2012 to 2014. Associations with Fusarium avenaceum, F. tricinctum and F. poae were assessed, with the identification of Fusarium species by real-time PCR and mycotoxin quantification by LC-MS/MS. Enniatins were common in the fields sampled. Enniatin concentrations varied between years but were consistently highest on spring barley (mean values of 199 to 1316 μg/kg) and triticale (mean values from 131 to 1218 μg/kg), and lower on wheat (mean values from 47 to 142 μg/kg) and durum wheat (mean values from 55 to 596 μg/kg). The concentrations of the various enniatins were strongly correlated with each other (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.61 to 0.98). Enniatin B was the most frequent (68% of the total enniatin content), followed by enniatin B1 (22%), enniatin A1 (7%) and enniatin A (3%). Fusarium species were quantified by calculating arithmetic mean total DNA levels. F. tricinctum was the most abundant (0.177 pg/ng total DNA), followed by F. avenaceum (0.141 pg/ng total DNA) and F. poae (0.091 pg/ng total DNA). Total DNA levels for each species, and the predominant species varied between years and crops. Small grain cereal species (p value < 0.001), harvest year (p value = < 0.001) and the presence of F. avenaceum (p value < 0.001), F. tricinctum (p value < 0.001) or F. poae (p value = 0.017) affected enniatin content. F. tricinctum was the leading enniatin producer on durum wheat (29% to 45%) and spring barley (23 to 37%). F. avenaceum produced large amounts of enniatins on durum wheat (13% to 17%) and wheat (1% to 18%) and was the leading producer on triticale (30% to 55%). F. poae made a minor contribution on all crops, never accounting for more than 2% of total enniatin content. Enniatins are, thus, highly prevalent in French small grain cereals and are mostly produced by F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum.
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- 2019
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28. Metabarcoding targeting the EF1 alpha region to assess Fusarium diversity on cereals.
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Boutigny AL, Gautier A, Basler R, Dauthieux F, Leite S, Valade R, Aguayo J, Ioos R, and Laval V
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- DNA Primers metabolism, DNA, Fungal genetics, Species Specificity, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Edible Grain microbiology, Fusarium genetics, Genetic Variation, Peptide Elongation Factor 1 genetics
- Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major cereal disease caused by a complex of Fusarium species. These species vary in importance depending on climatic conditions, agronomic factors or host genotype. In addition, Fusarium species can release toxic secondary metabolites. These mycotoxins constitute a significant food safety concern as they have health implications in both humans and animals. The Fusarium species involved in FHB differ in their pathogenicity, ability to produce mycotoxins, and fungicide sensitivity. Accurate and exhaustive identification of Fusarium species in planta is therefore of great importance. In this study, using a new set of primers targeting the EF1α gene, the diversity of Fusarium species on cereals was evaluated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The PCR amplification parameters and bioinformatic pipeline were optimized with mock and artificially infected grain communities and further tested on 65 field samples. Fusarium species were retrieved from mock communities and good reproducibility between different runs or PCR cycle numbers was be observed. The method enabled the detection of as few as one single Fusarium-infected grain in 10,000. Up to 17 different Fusarium species were detected in field samples of barley, durum and soft wheat harvested in France. This new set of primers enables the assessment of Fusarium diversity by high-throughput sequencing on cereal samples. It provides a more exhaustive picture of the Fusarium community than the currently used techniques based on isolation or species-specific PCR detection. This new experimental approach may be used to show changes in the composition of the Fusarium complex or to detect the emergence of new Fusarium species as far as the EF1α sequence of these species show a sufficient amount of polymorphism in the portion of sequence analyzed. Information on the distribution and prevalence of the different Fusarium species in a given geographical area, and in response to various environmental factors, is of great interest for managing the disease and predicting mycotoxin contamination risks., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exits.
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- 2019
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29. Classical and next generation sequencing approaches unravel Bymovirus diversity in barley crops in France.
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Rolland M, Villemot J, Marais A, Theil S, Faure C, Cadot V, Valade R, Vitry C, Rabenstein F, and Candresse T
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- France, Genetic Variation, Phylogeny, Potyviridae classification, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Hordeum virology, Potyviridae genetics
- Abstract
Despite the generalized use of cultivars carrying the rym4 resistance gene, the impact of viral mosaic diseases on winter barleys increased in recent years in France. This change could reflect i) an increased prevalence of the rym4 resistance-breaking pathotype of Barley yellow mosaic virus Y (BaYMV-2), ii) the emergence of rym4 resistance-breaking pathotypes of Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) or iii) the emergence of other viruses. A study was undertaken to determine the distribution and diversity of viruses causing yellow mosaic disease. A collection of 241 symptomatic leaf samples from susceptible, rym4 and rym5 varieties was gathered from 117 sites. The viruses present in all samples were identified by specific RT-PCR assays and, for selected samples, by double-stranded RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS). The results show that BaYMV-2 is responsible for the symptoms observed in varieties carrying the resistance gene rym4. In susceptible varieties, both BaYMV-1 and BaYMV-2 were detected, together with BaMMV. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the rym4 resistance-breaking ability independently evolved in multiple genetic backgrounds. Parallel analyses revealed a similar scenario of multiple independent emergence events in BaMMV for rym5 resistance-breaking, likely involving multiple amino acid positions in the viral-linked genome protein. NGS analyses and classical techniques provided highly convergent results, highlighting and validating the power of NGS approaches for diagnostics and viral population characterization.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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