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Living in the industrialized countries is characterized by an increased number of respiratory infections among children, especially in recent years. In this case there is a group of children in which the frequency of such cases per year exceeds that of their coevals, so this contingent is referred to the group of sickly children. The paper presents the influence of the ribosomal-proteoglycan complex on the child’s immune system to increase the resistance to the most common respiratory pathogens.Key words: frequently sick children, respiratory infections, immunomodulator, treatment, ribosamal-proteoglycan complex

One of priority tasks in development of method of estimation of a quality of life in children is elaboration of questionnaires. The results of adaptation and validation of QUALIN questionnaire for the estimation of a quality of life in children from 3 months to 3 years old for the purpose of development of Russian version are presented in this article. Obtained data allowed drawing a conclusion that elaborated version of a questionnaire can be used in scientific and clinical trials for the estimation of a quality of life in younger children.Key words: quality of life, QUALIN questionnaire, younger age.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(1):14-18)

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is chronic disease, leading to early incapacitating injury in patients. Treatment of JRA with new expensive biological agents allows obtaining long term remission of disease and improving its prognosis. Estimation of quality of life is one of the main effectiveness criteria of treatment. A quality of life in children who were 2–4 years old treated with infliximab was estimated. 43 patients with different types of JRA were examined. A quality of life was estimated with the help of questionnaire PEDSQL generic core scale, PEDSQL rheumatology module. Index of functional disability was estimated by childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ). Significant increase of quality of life rates and decrease of index of functional disability was registered in 6 weeks of therapy with infliximab. The rates of quality of life in patients with JRA treated with infliximab were significantly equal to that in healthy children in the same age in 6, 12 and 24 months of treatment. Thus, treatment with infliximab significantly increases quality of life in children in 2–4 years old with JRA and their families, decreases negative influence of disease on child's living, improves physical activity and emotional state of patients, and allows improving contact between patients and healthy children in the same age.Key words: children, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, quality of life, infliximab.

The paper presents the results of a study of the life quality of children with chronic kidney diseases using a questionnaire Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, which allows us to estimate the physical, emotional, social and role functioning. The authors included in the analysis the least studied in pediatric nephrology cohort of patients — children with intact renal function. According to the patients responses, regardless of the age, compared with healthy children, physical, emotional and social aspects were the lowest. In accordance with the parents responses the quality of children life have been reduced, mainly due to the physical component. The children of preschool age (5–7 years) showed the most marked reduction of all parameters of life quality. Key words: quality of life, chronic kidney disease, children. (Pediatric pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (6): 74–76).

The article is devoted to the research of the infants life quality assisted by the qualin questionnaire. It was shown that the quality of life of the healthy children is higher than that of the premature newborns and those from the families of the social risk. The researchers disclosed that the life quality of premature newborns is above all related to the health status and level of the child growth, while the children from the families of the social risk — to the social aspects of life.Key words: infants, quality of life.

Quality of life is one of the most important parameters of infant vital functions. Its evaluation allows planning rehabilitation of infants with perinatal CNS lesions more precisely on various age levels. The research has been carried in the Center of perinatology Ministry of healthcare Khabarovsk Region. It included 1000 infants. 1000 parents and physicians that were following these infants up were interviewed. Quality of life was evaluated with the use of Russian version of international questionnaire QUALIN (QualitedevieduNourisson). It has been shown that quality of life of infants with CNS lesion consequences is lower than that of healthy infants. Their quality of life was improving with age, though it still remained lower than that of healthy infants. During the 1st year rehabilitation of infants with CNS lesions should be aimed at optimization of their physical and neuropsychic development and family environment, and between 1st and 3rd year of life — at behavior and communication, neuropsychic and physical development and family environment.Key words: quality of life, infants, consequences of perinatal lesions of central neurvous system, QUALIN questionnaire. (Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. — 2011; 10 (6): 7–13.)

The market of drugs proposes some new medicines which are labeled by manufacturers as immunomodulating agents. Most of them are not licensed and they have no any evidence of their efficacy. In opposite, non-specific ribosomal modulator (Ribomunyl) is the wellstudied drug with good database on its efficacy and safety. The article presents a description of drug’s effect on the immune system of a child for increase of organism’s resistance to the most widespread causative agents of infections of ENT-organs and airways.Key words: children, respiratory infections, recurrent course, immunomodulators, treatment.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (3): 92–96)

Carpenter syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease that is associated with impaired function of several endocrine organs (diabetes mellitus, chronic adrenal insufficiency and/or autoimmune thyroiditis). A case of atypical course of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in a patient aged 47 years is described (the onset of the disease with the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus and the subsequent chronic adrenal insufficiency) against the background of concomitant pathology (peptic ulcer, arterial hypertension, adrenal incidentaloma).

The families of genes encoding such key antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutases usually have complex structure. They consist of genes encoding enzymes which differ by their metal cofactor, origin and subcellular localization. The maize SOD family consisting of multiple genes is one of the most interesting among the characterized plant SOD gene families. We re-investigated the structure of maize SOD gene family using different approaches. We revealed two novel gene transcripts encoding chloroplast Fe- and Cu/Zn-SOD. This finding indicates that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxication system in maize chloroplasts has more complicated organization than it was considered earlier. At the same time it appeared that the number of maize genes encoding mitochondrial Mn-SODs is less than it was supposed. Using the recombinant proteins we showed that the functioning of MnSOD enzymes is posttranslationally regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Possible involvement of Mn-SOD in the protection of mitochondrial DNA from oxidative damage is investigated.

Earlier, we had showed that isolated mitochondria from different organisms can import DNA. Exploiting this mechanism, we assessed the possibility of genes transfer in tobacco mitochondria in vitro and in vivo. Whereas homologous recombination is a rare occasion in higher plant nuclei, recombination between the large direct repeats in plant mitochondrial genome generates its multipartite structure. Following transfection of isolated organelles with constructs composed of a partial gfp gene flanked by mitochondrial DNA fragments, we showed the homologous recombination of imported DNA with the resident DNA and the integration of the reporter gene. The recombination yielded an insertion of a continuous exogenous DNA fragment including the gfp sequence and at least the 0.5 kb of the flanking sequence on each side. Using of transfection constructs carrying multiple sequences homologous to mitochondrial DNA could be suitable for insertion of a target gene into any region of the mitochondrial genome, which turns this approach to be of a general and methodical importance. Usually mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is under strict control of the antioxidant system including the Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). MnSOD is presented in multiple forms encoded by several genes in plants. Possibly, this enzyme, beside its catalytic function, fulfills as well some unknown biochemical functions. Thus, one of maize SOD enzymes (SOD3.4) could bind with mitochondrial DNA. Another SOD form (SOD3.1) is located in close proximity to mitochondrial respiratory complexes, where ROS are generated. To study possible physiological functions of this enzyme, we cloned the maize SOD3.1 gene. Compared to the SOD3.4, this enzyme didn't demonstrate DNA-binding activity. At the same time, SOD3.1 didn't show non-specific DNA-hydrolyzing activity as Cu/ZnSOD does. It means that this enzyme might have some DNA protective function. We made NtPcob-sod3.1-IGR-cob* genetic construct with integrative properties. It contains the selective gene and the gene of interest under control of the 5'-regulatory regions of Arabidopsis orf262 gene and the tobacco cob gene. We used modified variant of the tobacco apocytochrome b gene as a gene for selection with the nucleotide substitution G128T (G43V) which results in antimycin A resistance. The maize sod3.1 gene was used as a gene of interest. The construct was delivered into tobacco callus cells and leaf disks by biolistic method. The callus lines demonstrating the high growth rates in the presence of antimycin A in comparison with the non-transformed control lines were selected. PCR analysis of transformed callus lines revealed the presence of heterologous maize sod3.1 sequence and the integration of the construct elements in tobacco mitochondrial genome.