19 results on '"Unreliable information"'
Search Results
2. Topology Sensing of Wireless Networks Based on Hawkes Process.
- Author
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Liu, Zitong, Sun, Jiachen, Shen, Feng, Wang, Zheng, and Li, Gao
- Subjects
- *
TOPOLOGY , *WIRELESS channels , *DECISION making - Abstract
With the popularization of wireless heterogeneous networks, it is becoming more and more important to infer network behavior. Topology sensing, as a fundamental issue in the field of network confrontation, can help network make optimal decisions. However, most of the related studies focus on topology sensing with complete and perfect observations, while the characteristics of wireless channel are relatively few investigated. Consequently, this paper investigates the issue of wireless network topology sensing with unreliable information caused by imperfect channels. First, a robust system model for external topology sensing considering unreliable information is formulated. Then, a wireless channel-oriented topology sensing scheme based on Hawkes process is proposed to address the challenge of unreliable information. In addition, simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the scheme we proposed is effective to deal with the imperfect channels. The performance under various parameter configurations is also analyzed, which can help us to find an optimal solution in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Information-sharing practices on Facebook during the 2017 French presidential campaign: An "unreliable information bubble" within the extreme right.
- Author
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Figeac, Julien, Smyrnaios, Nikos, Salord, Tristan, Cabanac, Guillaume, Fraisier, Ophélie, Ratinaud, Pierre, and Seffusatti, Fanny
- Subjects
ELECTIONS ,FRENCH politics & government, 1958- ,SOCIAL media & politics ,DISINFORMATION - Abstract
This research explores the spread of unreliable information on Facebook during the 2017 French presidential campaign. By analyzing information-sharing behavior on 252 Facebook pages, our study highlights the wide variety of information sources shared by several political communities, notably news published by partisan websites or activist blogs. Our results demonstrate that political parties – particularly, those on the extreme ends of the political spectrum – tend to re-share a large amount of information reflecting the same ideological positions as their own. This trend is amplified by a phenomenon of endo-citation, that is, a "circular circulation" of information between Facebook pages within the same political community. Our results focus on the information practices of the far-right, tracing a clear over-representation of sources that are unreliable or likely to relay disinformation. We argue that this circular transmission of information creates an "unreliable information bubble" that characterizes far-right information-sharing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. ПОШИРЕННЯ НЕДОСТОВІРНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ПРО ОСОБУ В МЕРЕЖІ ІНТЕРНЕТ: АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ СУДОВОГО ЗАХИСТУ
- Subjects
достовірна інформація ,електронні засоби масової інформації ,the Internet ,electronic mass media ,information ,reliable information ,інформація ,дифамаційний спір ,поширення недостовірної інформації ,unreliable information ,недостовірна інформація ,defamation dispute ,dissemination of unreliable information ,мережа Інтернет - Abstract
The purpose of this article is to consider problematic issues regarding the legal consequences of spreading inaccurate information about a person on the Internet, including public persons, based on the study and generalization of the doctrinal development of legal science, the current legislation of Ukraine, and court practice. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. The use of these methods made it possible to identify and describe the legal consequences of spreading false information about a person on the Internet. Results: it was concluded that recently, in most cases, national courts refuse to satisfy claims and do not recognize information disseminated via the Internet as unreliable and do not oblige them to refute it, since in most cases courts consider judgments against plaintiffs to be evaluative and those that criticize a person, but there is no defamation at the same time, which deprives the persons to receive proper protection and satisfaction in the judicial procedure. Discussion: as noted by the Civil Court of Cassation as part of the Supreme Court in the review of judicial practice in cases on the protection of dignity, honor and business reputation, and the author of the article fully agrees with this, that national courts need to find the right balance or priority for a legal and democratic state between two constitutionally guaranteed rights: the right to freedom of thought and speech, the right to freely express one’s views and beliefs, on the one hand, and the right to respect for human dignity, guarantees of non-interference in personal and family life, judicial protection of the right to refute inaccurate information about a person, on the other hand. This is the essence of the correct resolution of a defamation dispute. Метою статті є розгляд актуальних питань судового захисту поширення недостовірної інформації про особу в мережі Інтернет, у тому числі щодо публічних осіб, на основі вивчення й узагальнення доктринального доробку юридичної науки, чинного законодавства України та судової практики. Методологічною основою дослідження є загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи наукового пізнання. Використання цих методів дало можливість виявити та описати актуальні питання судового захисту поширення недостовірної інформації про особу в мережі Інтернет. Результати: було зроблено висновок про те, що останнім часом національні суди у більшості випадків відмовляють у задоволенні позовних вимог та не визнають інформацію, яка поширюється через мережу Інтернет, недостовірною та не зобов’язують її спростовувати, оскільки в більшості випадків суди вважають судження відносно позивачів оціночними і такими, що критикують особу, однак наклеп при цьому відсутній, що позбавляє осіб отримати належний захист та сатисфакцію в судовому порядку. Обговорення: в огляді судової практики щодо справ про захист честі, гідності та ділової репутації Касаційний цивільний суд у складі Верховного суду зазначав, що національним судам необхідно знаходити правильний баланс або пріоритет як для правової та демократичної держави між двома конституційно гарантованими правами: правом на свободу думки і слова, правом на вільне вираження своїх поглядів та переконань, з одного боку, та правом на повагу до людської гідності, гарантіями невтручання в особисте і сімейне життя, судовим захистом права на спростування недостовірної інформації про особу, з другого боку. Саме в цьому суть правильного вирішення дифамаційного спору. Автор статті з цим цілковито погоджується.
- Published
- 2023
5. Intelligent Jason Agents in Virtual Soccer Simulations
- Author
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Mitrović, Dejan, Ivanović, Mirjana, Burkhard, Hans-Dieter, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Klusch, Matthias, editor, Thimm, Matthias, editor, and Paprzycki, Marcin, editor
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Costs of Persisting Unreliable Memory: Reduced Foraging Efficiency for Free-Flying Parasitic Wasps in a Wind Tunnel
- Author
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Jessica A. C. de Bruijn, Louise E. M. Vet, and Hans M. Smid
- Subjects
Cotesia glomerata ,learning ,foraging efficiency ,unreliable information ,non-host ,oviposition ,Evolution ,QH359-425 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Parasitic wasps are known to improve their foraging efficiency after learning of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) upon encountering their hosts on these plants. However, due to spatial and temporal variation of herbivore communities, learned HIPV cues can become unreliable, no longer correctly predicting host presence. Little is known about the potential fitness costs when memories holding such unreliable information persist. Here we studied how persistent memory, containing unreliable information, affects the foraging efficiency for hosts in Cotesia glomerata. Wasps were conditioned to associate one of two types of HIPVs with either P. brassicae frass, 1 single oviposition in P. brassicae, 3 ovipositions in P. brassicae spaced in time or they were kept unconditioned. The following day, wasps were allowed to forage in a wind tunnel, in an environment that either conflicted or was congruent with their learned plant experience. The foraging environment consisted of host (P. brassicae) and non-host (Mamestra brassicae) infested plants. The conflicting environment had non-hosts on the conditioned plant species and hosts on the non-conditioned plant species, whereas the congruent environment had hosts on the conditioned plant species and non-hosts on the unconditioned plant species. Wasps had to navigate through five non-host infested plants to reach the host-infested plant. Since C. glomerata wasps do not distinguish between HIPVs induced by host and non-host caterpillars, the conflicting foraging situation caused a prediction error, by guiding wasps to non-host infested plants. Especially wasps given 3 spaced oviposition experiences, tested in a conflicting situation, spent significantly more time on non-host infested plants and showed a high tendency to oviposit in the non-hosts. As a result, they took significantly more time to find their hosts. Conditioned wasps, which were tested in a congruent situation, were more responsive than unconditioned wasps, but there was no difference in foraging efficiency between these two groups in the wasps that showed a response. We conclude that persistent memories, such as formed after 3 experiences spaced in time, can lead to maladaptive foraging behavior if the contained information becomes unreliable.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Constructing Rule-Based Models Using the Belief Functions Framework
- Author
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Almeida, Rui Jorge, Denoeux, Thierry, Kaymak, Uzay, Greco, Salvatore, editor, Bouchon-Meunier, Bernadette, editor, Coletti, Giulianella, editor, Fedrizzi, Mario, editor, Matarazzo, Benedetto, editor, and Yager, Ronald R., editor
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Networked Estimation of Relative Sensing Multiagent Systems Using Reconfigurable Sets of Subobservers.
- Author
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Azizi, S. M. and Khorasani, K.
- Subjects
MULTIAGENT systems ,REMOTE sensing ,OBSERVABILITY (Control theory) ,ESTIMATION theory ,RELIABILITY in engineering - Abstract
In this paper, a networked estimation framework for a team of relative sensing multiagent systems is proposed. This framework is constructed based on the developed notion of subobservers (SOs). Within a group of SOs, each SO is estimating certain team states that are conditioned on a given input, output, and other state information. The overall team estimation process is then modeled by a weighted estimation (WE) digraph. By selecting an optimal path in the WE digraph, a high-level supervisor provides a decision on the selection and reconfiguration of the set of SOs to successfully estimate all the states of the multiagent system. In presence of unreliable information due to either large disturbances, noise, and actuator faults, or communication delays certain SOs may become invalid and carry a high cost. In this case, the supervisor reconfigures the set of SOs by selecting a new path in the estimation digraph such that the impacts of these unreliabilities are managed and confined. This will consequently prevent the propagation of unreliabilities to the entire estimation process and avoid performance degradations to the multiagent system. Simulation results are conducted for a five spacecraft formation flight system in deep space where the validity and advantages of our analytical developed schemes are confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. COVID-19: The Ukrainian dimension (according to domestic and foreign media)
- Subjects
social networks ,coronavirus counteraction ,медична реформа ,corruption ,sanitary-epidemiological service ,myths ,578.834COVID-19](477)(045) ,information-psychological operations ,"basic effect operations" ,інформаційно-психологічні технології ,міфи ,протидія коронавірусу ,misinformation ,information-psychological technologies ,coronavirus pandemic ,інформаційно-психологічні операції ,"операції базового ефекту" ,strategic communications ,COVID-19 ,medical reform ,організаційна зброя ,санітарно-епідеміологічна служба ,дезінформація ,соціальні мережі ,УДК 070.16 ,organizational weapons ,unreliable information ,недостовірна інформація ,фейки ,information-psychological technologies fakes ,пандемія коронавірусу - Abstract
The article examines the activities of domestic and foreign media with the aim of establishing the causes, course and possible consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as identifying some features of the counteraction of coronavirus in Ukraine. As a result of the analysis of the content of media materials, special reports of the European External Action Service, it was found that with the appearance of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China, misinformation, myths, rumors and unreliable information became widespread on television, on the Internet and social networks. This has a negative moral and psychological impact on the population of all countries of the world without exception, can have detrimental consequences for public safety, health care and effective social communication in times of crisis. It was found that despite the unprecedented attention of the intelligence services of the world's leading countries to the question of the origin of the coronavirus, the media are spreading different options, versions and approaches to this problem. Today there are several versions about the artificial or natural origin of COVID-19, various subjects are considered that could become a distributor of coronavirus. The foreign media, as the study shows, is quite active in the idea that the coronavirus pandemic has an artificial origin and is aimed at reducing the population of the globe is actively spreading, and those who remain should be taken under strict control. Some peculiarities of COVID-19 in Ukraine have been identified: counteraction to the coronavirus pandemic takes place in the conditions of destruction of the healthcare system, sharp confrontation between the former and current authorities, strengthening of external management in political, economic and social spheres, existence of a number of biological laboratories. US military, an increase in domestic violence. All these and some other problems that negatively affect the fight against this disease are solved during the war against the Russian Federation. It was found that many problems in the fight against the pandemic were laid in the process of becoming Ukraine as an independent state, especially by the previous government. This applies to medical reform, reduction of tuberculosis dispensaries, liquidation of the sanitary-epidemiological service, corruption at all levels of government, the formation of an atmosphere of spirituality and vandalism in the state. The media especially emphasize that after the outbreak of the coronavirus, the world has already begun to change, as it changed after the plague pandemics of the XIV—XV centuries, revolutions of the XVIII—XIX centuries, two world wars of the XX century and more. Experience shows that such global turns, together with numerous human sacrifices, negative economic and environmental consequences, brought with them the powerful development of humanity and the awakening of people's consciousness., У статті досліджено діяльність вітчизняних і зарубіжних ЗМІ з метою встановлення причин виникнення, перебігу та можливих наслідків пандемії COVID-19, а також виявлення особливостей протидії коронавірусу в Україні. У результаті аналізу контенту матеріалів ЗМІ, спеціальних звітів Європейської служби зовнішніх зв'язків виявлено, що з появою коронавірусу в китайському м. Ухань на телебаченні, в інтернеті та соціальних мережах значного поширення набула недостовірна інформація, чутки, дезінформація, міфи. Це чинить негативний морально-психологічний вплив на населення всіх без винятку держав світу й може мати згубні наслідки для суспільної безпеки, охорони здоров'я та ефективної соціальної комунікації в умовах кризи. З'ясовано, що, незважаючи на безпрецедентну увагу з боку спецслужб провідних країн світу до питання про походження коронавірусу, у ЗМІ поширюються різні варіанти та погляди на цю проблему. Сьогодні є кілька версій про штучне чи природне походження COVID-19, розглядаються різні суб'єкти, що могли б стати розповсюджувачами коронавірусу, але однозначної причини його виникнення не встановлено. У зарубіжних ЗМІ, як свідчить дослідження, доволі активно поширюється думка про те, що пандемія має штучне походження й спрямована на скорочення чисельності населення земної кулі, а тих, хто залишиться, слід узяти під суворий контроль. З'ясовано, що багато проблем у боротьбі з пандемією було закладено у процесі становлення України як незалежної держави, особливо минулою владою. Це стосується медичної реформи, скорочення кількості туберкульозних диспансерів, ліквідації санітарно-епідеміологічної служби, корупції на всіх щаблях державної влади, формування в країні атмосфери бездуховності та вандалізму.Виявлено певні особливості перебігу COVID-19 в Україні: протидія пандемії коронавірусу проходить в умовах нищення системи охорони здоров'я, гострого протистояння між колишньою та нинішньою владою, посилення зовнішнього управління в політичній, економічній і соціальній сферах, функціонування на території нашої держави низки біологічних лабораторій військового відомства США, зростання випадків домашнього насильства тощо. Комплекс проблем, що негативно впливають на боротьбу з цією хворобою, розв'язується в умовах війни проти Російської Федерації. Засоби масової інформації наголошують, що після спалаху коронавірусу світ уже розпочав змінюватися, як це відбувалося після пандемій чуми XIV—XV століть, революцій XVIII—XIX століть, двох світових воєн XX століття тощо. Досвід переконує, що такі глобальні повороти, разом із численними людськими жертвами, негативними економічними та екологічними наслідками стимулювали потужніший розвиток людства й пробудження його свідомості.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Unreliable Information in Infantry Situation Awareness: Improvement Through Game-Based Training.
- Author
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Chancey, Eric T. and Bliss, James P.
- Subjects
- *
SIMULATION games , *SITUATIONAL awareness , *RELIABILITY (Personality trait) , *INFANTRY , *COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
Previous research indicates that information reliability may influence warfighters’ situation awareness (SA). The purpose of the current study was to assess the impact of unreliable information on SA and performance in a computer-simulated, infantry-based search scenario. Thirty-six students navigated a simulated combat zone. The experiment followed a one-way repeated measures design, where participants were provided with information that was associated with a certain reliability level (100%, 75%, or 50%). This information could be used to complete a simulated mission and answer SA assessment questions. The content of the information was perfect in regard to accuracy, and the only aspect of the information that changed across conditions was the stated reliability. The results revealed that stated information reliability had no significant impact on any level of SA. However, more reliable information resulted in locating a hidden objective faster, increased success rate for finding the hidden objective within the time limit, and increased ability to avoid dangerous areas. These findings further highlight the importance of information reliability on the battlefield and the need for accuracy when selecting an associated reliability level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Resilient Dictionaries.
- Author
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Finocchi, Irene, Grandoni, Fabrizio, and Italiano, Giuseppe F.
- Subjects
ENCYCLOPEDIAS & dictionaries ,INFORMATION resources management ,INFORMATION services management ,INFORMATION science ,PUBLICATIONS ,DATABASES - Abstract
We address the problem of designing data structures in the presence of faults that may arbitrarily corrupt memory locations. More precisely, we assume that an adaptive adversary can arbitrarily overwrite the content of up to δ memory locations, that corrupted locations cannot be detected, and that only O(1) memory locations are safe. In this framework, we call a data structure resilient if it is able to operate correctly (at least) on the set of uncorrupted values. We present a resilient dictionary, implementing search, insert, and delete operations. Our dictionary has O(log n + δ) expected amortized time per operation, and O(n) space complexity, where n denotes the current number of keys in the dictionary. We also describe a deterministic resilient dictionary, with the same amortized cost per operation over a sequence of at least δ
ϵ operations, where ϵ > 0 is an arbitrary constant. Finally, we show that any resilient comparison-based dictionary must take Ω(log n + δ) expected time per search. Our results are achieved by means of simple, new techniques which might be of independent interest for the design of other resilient algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Costs of persisting unreliable memory : Reduced foraging efficiency for free-flying parasitic wasps in a wind tunnel
- Author
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de Bruijn, Jessica A.C., Vet, Louise E.M., Smid, Hans M., de Bruijn, Jessica A.C., Vet, Louise E.M., and Smid, Hans M.
- Abstract
Parasitic wasps are known to improve their foraging efficiency after learning of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) upon encountering their hosts on these plants. However, due to spatial and temporal variation of herbivore communities, learned HIPV cues can become unreliable, no longer correctly predicting host presence. Little is known about the potential fitness costs when memories holding such unreliable information persist. Here we studied how persistent memory, containing unreliable information, affects the foraging efficiency for hosts in Cotesia glomerata. Wasps were conditioned to associate one of two types of HIPVs with either P. brassicae frass, 1 single oviposition in P. brassicae, 3 ovipositions in P. brassicae spaced in time or they were kept unconditioned. The following day, wasps were allowed to forage in a wind tunnel, in an environment that either conflicted or was congruent with their learned plant experience. The foraging environment consisted of host (P. brassicae) and non-host (Mamestra brassicae) infested plants. The conflicting environment had non-hosts on the conditioned plant species and hosts on the non-conditioned plant species, whereas the congruent environment had hosts on the conditioned plant species and non-hosts on the unconditioned plant species. Wasps had to navigate through five non-host infested plants to reach the host-infested plant. Since C. glomerata wasps do not distinguish between HIPVs induced by host and non-host caterpillars, the conflicting foraging situation caused a prediction error, by guiding wasps to non-host infested plants. Especially wasps given 3 spaced oviposition experiences, tested in a conflicting situation, spent significantly more time on non-host infested plants and showed a high tendency to oviposit in the non-hosts. As a result, they took significantly more time to find their hosts. Conditioned wasps, which were tested in a congruent situation, were more responsive than unconditioned wasps, but
- Published
- 2018
13. Costs of Persisting Unreliable Memory: Reduced Foraging Efficiency for Free-Flying Parasitic Wasps in a Wind Tunnel
- Author
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Hans M. Smid, Jessica A. C. de Bruijn, Louise E. M. Vet, and Terrestrial Ecology (TE)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Forage (honey bee) ,Foraging efficiency ,Oviposition ,Mean squared prediction error ,Prediction error ,Foraging ,lcsh:Evolution ,Zoology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Non-host ,Unreliable information ,Memory ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,lcsh:QH359-425 ,Learning ,Laboratory of Entomology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Herbivore ,Ecology ,biology ,Host (biology) ,Frass ,national ,PE&RC ,Laboratorium voor Entomologie ,Cotesia glomerata ,biology.organism_classification ,010602 entomology ,Plant species ,lcsh:Ecology ,EPS - Abstract
Parasitic wasps are known to improve their foraging efficiency after learning of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) upon encountering their hosts on these plants. However, due to spatial and temporal variation of herbivore communities, learned HIPV cues can become unreliable, no longer correctly predicting host presence. Little is known about the potential fitness costs when memories holding such unreliable information persist. Here we studied how persistent memory, containing unreliable information, affects the foraging efficiency for hosts in Cotesia glomerata. Wasps were conditioned to associate one of two types of HIPVs with either P. brassicae frass, 1 single oviposition in P. brassicae, 3 ovipositions in P. brassicae spaced in time or they were kept unconditioned. The following day, wasps were allowed to forage in a wind tunnel, in an environment that either conflicted or was congruent with their learned plant experience. The foraging environment consisted of host (P. brassicae) and non-host (Mamestra brassicae) infested plants. The conflicting environment had non-hosts on the conditioned plant species and hosts on the non-conditioned plant species, whereas the congruent environment had hosts on the conditioned plant species and non-hosts on the unconditioned plant species. Wasps had to navigate through five non-host infested plants to reach the host-infested plant. Since C. glomerata wasps do not distinguish between HIPVs induced by host and non-host caterpillars, the conflicting foraging situation caused a prediction error, by guiding wasps to non-host infested plants. Especially wasps given 3 spaced oviposition experiences, tested in a conflicting situation, spent significantly more time on non-host infested plants and showed a high tendency to oviposit in the non-hosts. As a result, they took significantly more time to find their hosts. Conditioned wasps, which were tested in a congruent situation, were more responsive than unconditioned wasps, but there was no difference in foraging efficiency between these two groups in the wasps that showed a response. We conclude that persistent memories, such as formed after 3 experiences spaced in time, can lead to maladaptive foraging behavior if the contained information becomes unreliable.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Ошибки в судебной практике как следствие недостатков электронных справочных правовых систем
- Subjects
правовое регулирование ,Degrees of jurisdiction ,legal regulation ,unreliable information ,law-enforcement acts ,правовые системы ,судебные инстанции ,правоприменительные акты ,недостоверная информация ,судебный акт ,legal systems ,judicial act - Abstract
Рассматриваются некоторые ситуации судебно-арбитражной практики, когда судебные инстанции признавали действующими ряд нормативных актов, в то же время другие суды (включая Верховный Суд РФ) пришли к выводу о том, что акты «не могут применяться». При анализе данных коллизий выявилось, что одной из причин подобных ошибок кроется в имеющейся в распоряжении судей информации, а вернее, в недостатке необходимой информации. Автор подчеркивает, что подобная практика неприемлема и недопустима. Делается вывод о зависимости судей, юристов-практиков от информации, предоставляемой электронными справочными правовыми системами. Для удобства ознакомления с информацией статья состоит из трех взаимосвязанных частей., In article some situations of judicial and arbitration practice when degrees of jurisdiction recognized acting a number of regulations, at the same time some other courts (including the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation) are considered came to a conclusion that acts «cannot be applied». In the analysis of these collisions came to light that one of the reasons why similar mistakes happen is hidden in the information which judges own, or rather in a lack of necessary information. The author emphasizes that similar practice is not acceptable and inadmissible. The conclusion about dependence of judges, experts lawyers on information provided by legal systems is drawn. For convenience of acquaintance with information article consists of three interconnected parts.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Играй и Знай! Игрови подходи за обучение по информационна грамотност в УниБИТ – Еразъм + Проект Навигейт
- Subjects
HE students ,студенти-хуманитари ,information literacy (IL) ,проект Навигейт ,digital games ,fake content ,дигитални игри ,unreliable information ,project NAVIGATE ,фалшива информация ,game-based approaches ,информационна грамотност ,игрови подходи - Abstract
Статията представя проект по програма Еразъм+ „Навигейт – Информационна грамотност: подходи за обучение чрез игри за избягване на недостоверно съдържание“. Ръководител на проекта е гл. ас. д-р Марина Енчева от Университета по библиотекознание и информационни технологии в гр. София, България. Проект Еразъм+ „Навигейт“ включва четири европейски партньорски организации – три университета и една неправителствена организация. Проектът е с продължителност 36 месеца (2017 - 2020) и има за цел да привнесе иновации в обучението по информационна грамотност на студенти, изучаващи хуманитарни науки в Европа (България, Италия и Швеция), чрез прилагане на игрови подходи в образованието, свързано с информационните умения. Дигиталните игри са насочени директно към променящите се компетенции, необходими в новите реалности, наложени от информационната ера. Уменията, които трябва да имат новото поколение студенти: саморегулиране, информационни умения, мрежово сътрудничество, стратегии за решаване на проблеми и критическо мислене, са заложени в подходите за обучение по информационна грамотност в академична среда. Понятията „фалшиви новини“ и „недостоверно (фалшиво) съдържание“ също са включени в проекта. Тъй като те вече не могат да се разглеждат като хомогенни явления, техният задълбочен анализ е необходим, за да ги класифицира по отношение на предназначението им, функциите, жанровата типология и инициаторите. Това ще спомогне за по-лесното обучение на студентите при идентифициране на съдържание и информация с недоказана и съмнителна природа. The study presents the Erasmus+ project NAVIGATE – Information literacy: A Game-based Learning Approach for Avoiding Fake Content. Assist. Prof. Marina Encheva, PhD, from the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies in Sofia, Bulgaria is the project coordinator. The Erasmus+ project NAVIGATE includes four European partner organizations – three universities and a non-governmental organization. The project has a duration of 36 months (2017 - 2020) and aims to develop a game-based model for Information Literacy (IL) training in Bulgarian, Italian and Swedish universities. The project intends to apply an innovative approach based on digital gaming to the information literacy training ofHE students in humanities. The digital games used for IL training in university environments will provoke students’ active involvement through research, experimentation, competition and cooperation. It will also be possible to extend awareness on the issues of information literacy, since game-based training expands the collaborative potential of digital environments. The concepts of "fake news" and "unreliable (fake) content" are also included in the project. Since they can no longer be regarded as homogeneous phenomena, their in-depth analysis is necessary to classify them in terms of their purpose, functions, genre typology and initiators. This will help students learn more easily by identifying content and information with unverified and doubtful nature.
- Published
- 2018
16. On fantasies, guesses and unreliable information in the publications of the Russian and Ukrainian historians about the genial designer B. G. Loutzky
- Subjects
Борис Луцький ,конструктор ,винахідник ,публікації ,недостовірна інформація ,UDC 621.431 ,Б. Г. Луцкий ,изобретатель ,публикации ,недостоверная информация ,УДК 621.431 ,Boris Loutzky ,designer ,inventor ,publication ,unreliable information - Abstract
Статья посвящена анализу публикаций российских и украинских историков о гениальном конструкторе и изобретателе Б. Г. Луцком, с точки зрения достоверности приведенной в них информации. Установлено, что во всех публикациях присутствуют искаженные и не всегда корректные факты из истории его жизни и деятельности. В некоторых публикациях имеют место вымыслы и домыслы. Цель статьи - опровергнуть неправдивую информацию и указать на недостоверные факты из жизни и деятельности Б. Г. Луцкого, которые встречаются во многих публикациях и электронных СМИ России и Украины. Установлено, что в СМИ и Интернете появилось большое количество статей о Б. Г. Луцком, в которых правда перемешана с вымыслами и домыслами. Авторы этих статей, ссылаясь на неправдивые публикации историков, выдают искаженную информацию о Б. Г. Луцком за истину. Рекомендовано всем историкам, во избежание дублирования ошибок, при использовании в своих публикациях информации других авторов обязательно ее проверять, даже если она формально подтверждена ссылками на первоисточники. Информацию необходимо проверять даже в тех случаях, когда ее авторами являются известные и авторитетные историки. К сожалению, никто не застрахован от ошибок., This article analyzes the publications of the Russian and Ukrainian historians about B.G. Loutzky, the genius designer and inventor in terms of reliability of available information. It was found that all publications contained some facts about history of his life and work which were distorted and not always correct. Some publications contain guesses and fantasies. The purpose of the article is to refute false information and inaccurate facts of B.G. Loutzky’s life and activity found in many publications and electronic media in Russia and Ukraine. It was found that in the media and on the Internet there were many articles on B.G. Loutzky where the truth was mixed with fiction and speculation. The authors of these articles citing untrue publications of historians present the misleading information about B.G. Loutzky as the truth. To avoid the duplication of errors when using the information in the publications of other authors it is recommended to all historians to double-check it, even if it is formally confirmed by reference to the source. Information should be checked even if the authors are well-known and respected historians. Unfortunately, no one is immune from mistakes., Стаття присвячена аналізу публікацій російських і українських істориків про геніального конструктора і винахідника Б.Г. Луцького, з точки зору достовірності наведеної в них інформації. Встановлено, що у всіх публікаціях присутні спотворені і не завжди коректні факти з історії його життя і діяльності. У деяких публікаціях мають місце вигадки і домисли. Мета статті ― спростувати неправдиву інформацію і вказати на недостовірні факти з життя та діяльності Б.Г. Луцького, які зустрічаються в багатьох публікаціях та електронних ЗМІ Росії і України. Встановлено, що в ЗМІ та Інтернеті з'явилася велика кількість статей про Б.Г. Луцького, в яких правда перемішана з вигадками і домислами. Автори цих статей, посилаючись на неправдиві публікації істориків, видають перекручену інформацію про Б.Г. Луцького за істину. Рекомендовано всім історикам, задля уникнення дублювання помилок, при використанні у своїх публікаціях інформації інших авторів обов'язково її перевіряти, навіть, якщо вона формально підтверджена посиланнями на першоджерела. Інформацію необхідно перевіряти навіть у тих випадках, коли її авторами є відомі та авторитетні історики. На жаль, ніхто не застрахований від помилок.
- Published
- 2014
17. On fantasies, guesses and unreliable information in the publications of the Russian and Ukrainian historians about the genial designer B. G. Loutzky
- Author
-
Firsov, Alexander
- Subjects
Б. Г. Луцкий ,designer ,винахідник ,конструктор ,изобретатель ,621.431 ,publication ,публикации ,недостовірна інформація ,unreliable information ,недостоверная информация ,публікації ,Boris Loutzky ,inventor ,Борис Луцький - Abstract
Стаття присвячена аналізу публікацій російських і українських істориків про геніального конструктора і винахідника Б.Г. Луцького, з точки зору достовірності наведеної в них інформації. Встановлено, що у всіх публікаціях присутні спотворені і не завжди коректні факти з історії його життя і діяльності. У деяких публікаціях мають місце вигадки і домисли. Мета статті ― спростувати неправдиву інформацію і вказати на недостовірні факти з життя та діяльності Б.Г. Луцького, які зустрічаються в багатьох публікаціях та електронних ЗМІ Росії і України. Встановлено, що в ЗМІ та Інтернеті з'явилася велика кількість статей про Б.Г. Луцького, в яких правда перемішана з вигадками і домислами. Автори цих статей, посилаючись на неправдиві публікації істориків, видають перекручену інформацію про Б.Г. Луцького за істину. Рекомендовано всім історикам, задля уникнення дублювання помилок, при використанні у своїх публікаціях інформації інших авторів обов'язково її перевіряти, навіть, якщо вона формально підтверджена посиланнями на першоджерела. Інформацію необхідно перевіряти навіть у тих випадках, коли її авторами є відомі та авторитетні історики. На жаль, ніхто не застрахований від помилок. This article analyzes the publications of the Russian and Ukrainian historians about B.G. Loutzky, the genius designer and inventor in terms of reliability of available information. It was found that all publications contained some facts about history of his life and work which were distorted and not always correct. Some publications contain guesses and fantasies. The purpose of the article is to refute false information and inaccurate facts of B.G. Loutzky’s life and activity found in many publications and electronic media in Russia and Ukraine. It was found that in the media and on the Internet there were many articles on B.G. Loutzky where the truth was mixed with fiction and speculation. The authors of these articles citing untrue publications of historians present the misleading information about B.G. Loutzky as the truth. To avoid the duplication of errors when using the information in the publications of other authors it is recommended to all historians to double-check it, even if it is formally confirmed by reference to the source. Information should be checked even if the authors are well-known and respected historians. Unfortunately, no one is immune from mistakes. Статья посвящена анализу публикаций российских и украинских историков о гениальном конструкторе и изобретателе Б. Г. Луцком, с точки зрения достоверности приведенной в них информации. Установлено, что во всех публикациях присутствуют искаженные и не всегда корректные факты из истории его жизни и деятельности. В некоторых публикациях имеют место вымыслы и домыслы. Цель статьи - опровергнуть неправдивую информацию и указать на недостоверные факты из жизни и деятельности Б. Г. Луцкого, которые встречаются во многих публикациях и электронных СМИ России и Украины. Установлено, что в СМИ и Интернете появилось большое количество статей о Б. Г. Луцком, в которых правда перемешана с вымыслами и домыслами. Авторы этих статей, ссылаясь на неправдивые публикации историков, выдают искаженную информацию о Б. Г. Луцком за истину. Рекомендовано всем историкам, во избежание дублирования ошибок, при использовании в своих публикациях информации других авторов обязательно ее проверять, даже если она формально подтверждена ссылками на первоисточники. Информацию необходимо проверять даже в тех случаях, когда ее авторами являются известные и авторитетные историки. К сожалению, никто не застрахован от ошибок.
- Published
- 2014
18. Организационные аспекты проведения маркетинговых исследований отечественными банками
- Subjects
маркетинговые исследования ,outsourcing ,аутсорсинг ,недостовірна інформація ,unreliable information ,маркетингові дослідження ,недостоверная информация ,marketing research - Abstract
У статті йдеться про організаційні аспекти проведення маркетингових досліджень вітчизняними банками.
- Published
- 2010
19. Resilient dictionaries
- Author
-
Giuseppe F. Italiano, Irene Finocchi, and Fabrizio Grandoni
- Subjects
Sequence ,Amortized analysis ,Current (mathematics) ,Computer science ,memory faults ,software-based fault tolerance ,Binary logarithm ,Data structure ,memory models ,search trees ,unreliable information ,Set (abstract data type) ,Mathematics (miscellaneous) ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,Constant (mathematics) ,Settore ING-INF/05 - Sistemi di Elaborazione delle Informazioni ,Algorithm - Abstract
We address the problem of designing data structures in the presence of faults that may arbitrarily corrupt memory locations. More precisely, we assume that an adaptive adversary can arbitrarily overwrite the content of up to δ memory locations, that corrupted locations cannot be detected, and that only O (1) memory locations are safe. In this framework, we call a data structure resilient if it is able to operate correctly (at least) on the set of uncorrupted values. We present a resilient dictionary, implementing search, insert, and delete operations. Our dictionary has O (log n + δ) expected amortized time per operation, and O ( n ) space complexity, where n denotes the current number of keys in the dictionary. We also describe a deterministic resilient dictionary, with the same amortized cost per operation over a sequence of at least δ ϵ operations, where ϵ > 0 is an arbitrary constant. Finally, we show that any resilient comparison-based dictionary must take Ω(log n + δ) expected time per search. Our results are achieved by means of simple, new techniques which might be of independent interest for the design of other resilient algorithms.
- Published
- 2009
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