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13,100 results on '"Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)"'

1. Cuticle architecture and mechanical properties: a functional relationship delineated through correlated multimodal imaging

Author: Nicolas Reynoud, Nathalie Geneix, Angelina D’Orlando, Johann Petit, Jeremie Mathurin, Ariane Deniset-Besseau, Didier Marion, Christophe Rothan, Marc Lahaye, Bénédicte Bakan, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BioInformatique et BioStatistiques (BIBS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Chimie Physique (ICP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRAE and Region Pays de la Loire (Fr)., and ANR-21-CE11-0035,COPLAnAR,COPLAnAR : cartography corrélative pour élucider les relations structure-propriétés de la cuticule des plantes(2021)
Subjects: hyperspectral, plant cuticle, Solanum lycopersicum, Physiology, nanomechanical, AFM PF-QNM, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, correlated multimodal imaging, Plant Science, Raman
Abstract: Cuticle are multifunctional hydrophobic biocomposites that protect aerial organs of plants. Along plant development, plant cuticle must accommodate different mechanical constraints combining extensibility and stiffness, the corresponding structure-function relationships are unknown. Recent data showed a fine architectural tuning of the cuticle architecture and the corresponding chemical clusters along fruit development which raise the question of their impact on the mechanical properties of the cuticle.We investigated the in-depth nanomechanical properties of tomato fruit cuticle from early development to ripening, in relation to chemical and structural heterogeneities by developing a correlative multimodal imaging approach.Unprecedented sharps heterogeneities were evidenced with the highlighting of an in-depth mechanical gradient and a ‘soft’ central furrow that were maintained throughout the plant development despite the overall increase in elastic modulus. In addition, we demonstrated that these local mechanical areas are correlated to chemical and structural gradients.This study shed light on a fine tuning of mechanical properties of cuticle through the modulation of their architecture, providing new insight for our understanding of structure-function relationships of plant cuticle and for the design of biosinpired material.
Published: 2023

2. Rapid protection induced by a single-shot Lassa vaccine in male cynomolgus monkeys

Author: Mathieu Mateo, Stéphanie Reynard, Natalia Pietrosemoli, Emeline Perthame, Alexandra Journeaux, Kodie Noy, Clara Germain, Xavier Carnec, Caroline Picard, Virginie Borges-Cardoso, Jimmy Hortion, Hélène Lopez-Maestre, Pierrick Regnard, Lyne Fellmann, Audrey Vallve, Stéphane Barron, Ophélie Jourjon, Orianne Lacroix, Aurélie Duthey, Manon Dirheimer, Maïlys Daniau, Catherine Legras-Lachuer, Caroline Carbonnelle, Hervé Raoul, Frédéric Tangy, Sylvain Baize, Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Simian Laboratory Europe (SILABE), Laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux-Inserm [Lyon] (Unité de service 3), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Européen de Recherche en Virologie et Immunologie [Lyon] (Tour Inserm CERVI), Délégation régionale Auvergne Rhône-Alpes [Bron, France], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ViroScan3D SAS [Trévoux, France], Laboratoire d’innovation : vaccins – Innovation lab : vaccines, This study was funded by a grant from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovations (CEPI-CfP-001) to S. Baize and by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-21-CE18-0004-01) to M. Mateo., and ANR-21-CE18-0004,EXPUNGER,Vaccins post exposition contre les virus emergents(2021)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: Lassa fever hits West African countries annually in the absence of licensed vaccine to limit the burden of this viral hemorrhagic fever. We previously developed MeV-NP, a single-shot vaccine protecting cynomolgus monkeys against divergent strains one month or more than a year before Lassa virus infection. Given the limited dissemination area during outbreaks and the risk of nosocomial transmission, a vaccine inducing rapid protection could be useful to protect exposed people during outbreaks in the absence of preventive vaccination. Here, we test whether the time to protection can be reduced after immunization by challenging measles virus pre-immune male cynomolgus monkeys sixteen or eight days after a single shot of MeV-NP. None of the immunized monkeys develop disease and they rapidly control viral replication. Animals immunized eight days before the challenge are the best controllers, producing a strong CD8 T-cell response against the viral glycoprotein. A group of animals was also vaccinated one hour after the challenge, but was not protected and succumbed to the disease as the control animals. This study demonstrates that MeV-NP can induce a rapid protective immune response against Lassa fever in the presence of MeV pre-existing immunity but can likely not be used as therapeutic vaccine.
Published: 2023

3. Using a manifold-based approach to extract clinical codes associated with winter respiratory viruses at an emergency department

Author: Péalat, Clément, Bouleux, Guillaume, Cheutet, Vincent, Maignan, Maxime, Provoost, Luc, Pillet, Sylvie, Mory, Olivier, Décision et Information pour les Systèmes de Production (DISP), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), CHU Grenoble, Physiopathologie et biothérapies des infections muqueuses (GIMAP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)
Subjects: Time Series Clustering, Stiefel manifold, Healthcare management, Monitoring Emergency Departments, Delay coordinate embedding, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Every winter, respiratory viruses put most Emergency Departments (ED) around the world under intense pressure. To reduce the consequent stress for hospitals, anticipation of the massive increase of intakes for illness-based symptoms is essential. As the Covid-19 2020 pandemic clearly illustrates, patients are not systematically tested. The ED staff therefore has no real-time knowledge of the presence of the virus in the patients flow. To address this issue, we propose here to use the hospital's laboratory-confirmed database as an attractor for the manifold-based approach for clustering the clinical codes associated with respiratory viruses. We propose a new framework based on the embedding of time series onto the Stiefel manifold, coupled with a density-based clustering algorithm (HDBSCAN) enhanced by a reduction of dimension (UMAP) for the clustering on that manifold. In particular, we show, based on real data sets of two academic hospitals in France, the significant benefits of using geometrical approaches for time series clustering as compared to traditional methods.
Published: 2023

4. HLA-DR expression on monocytes and outcome of anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma

Author: Estelle Bourbon, Pierre Sesques, Morgane Gossez, Jérémie Tordo, Emmanuelle Ferrant, Violaine Safar, Florent Wallet, Guillaume Aussedat, Alizée Maarek, Fadhela Bouafia, Lionel Karlin, Dana Ghergus, Camille Golfier, Hélène Lequeu, Anne Lazareth, Vérane Schwiertz, Sébastien Viel, Maryam Idlhaj, Hervé Ghesquières, Guillaume Monneret, Emmanuel Bachy, Fabienne Venet, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hematology
Abstract: Despite their unprecedented success in relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), anti-CD19 CAR T cells are associated with significant toxicity, and more than half of patients relapse. As monocytes emerged as key players in CAR therapy, we sought to evaluate the evolution of HLA-DR expression on monocytes (mHLA-DR) before and after commercial anti-CD19 CAR T-cell infusion in a large cohort (n = 103) of patients with R/R LBCL and its association with adverse events and treatment response. Cy-Flu-based lymphodepletion (LD) upregulated mHLA-DR in 79% of the cases, whereas in 2l% of cases (15 patients), the mHLA-DR level decreased after LD, and this decrease was associated with poorer outcome. Low mHLA-DR at day minus 7 (D−7) (
Published: 2023

5. Structure, Morphology, and Surface Chemistry of Surgical Masks and Their Evolution up to 10 Washing Cycles

Author: Louise Wittmann, Joseph Garnier, Naomi Sakata, Elisabeth Auzias, Martin Dumoulin, Nathanaël Barlier, Théotime Bergese, Lara Leclerc, Florence Grattard, Paul O. Verhoeven, Jérémie Pourchez, Claude Botella, Jean-Marie Bluet, Béatrice Vacher, José Penuelas, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé Ingénierie Biologie Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE), Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie et biothérapies des infections muqueuses (GIMAP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INL - Matériaux Fonctionnels et Nanostructures (INL - MFN), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne (ENISE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon
Subjects: [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Polymers and Plastics, pandemic, Process Chemistry and Technology, Organic Chemistry, washing, surgical masks, decontamination, Covid-19, polypropylene
Abstract: International audience; The Covid-19 crisis has led to a massive surge in the use of surgical masks worldwide, causing risks of shortages and high pollution. Various decontamination techniques are currently being studied to reduce these risks by allowing the reuse of masks. In this study, surgical masks were washed up to 10 times, each cycle under the same conditions. The consequences of the washing cycles on the structure, fiber morphology, and surface chemistry have been studied through several characterization techniques: scanning electron microscopy, wetting angle measurements, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy. The washing process did not induce large changes in the hydrophobicity of the surface, the contact angle remaining constant throughout the cycles. The composition observed in the IR spectrum also remained unchanged for washed masks up to 10 cycles. Some slight variations were observed during X-ray analysis: the crystallinity of the fibers as well as the size of the crystals increases with the number of wash cycles. The XPS analysis shows that after 10 cycles, the surface of the masks underwent a slight oxidation. In the SEM images, changes were observed in the arrangement of the fibers, which are more visible the more times the mask has been washed: they align themselves in bundles, form areas with holes in the mask layer, and are crushed in some areas.
Published: 2023

6. The conformation of glutenin polymers in wheat grain: some genetic and environmental factors associated with this important characteristic

Author: Gérard Branlard, Angelina d’Orlando, Ayesha Tahir, Marc Schmutz, Larbi Rhazi, Annie Faye, Thierry Aussenac, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BioInformatique et BioStatistiques (BIBS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Transformations et Agro-ressources (UT&A), and UniLaSalle
Subjects: Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science
Abstract: In a previous study we used asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation to determine the polymer mass (Mw), gyration radius (Rw) and the polydispersity index of glutenin polymers (GPs) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, using the same multi-location trials (4 years, 11 locations, and 192 cultivars), we report the factors that are associated with the conformation (Conf) of the polymers, which is the slope of Log(Rw) versus a function of Log(Mw). We found that Conf varied between 0.285 and 0.740, it had low broad-sense heritability (H2=16.8), and it was significantly influenced by the temperature occurring over the last month of grain filling. Higher temperatures were found to increase Rw and the compactness and sphericity of GPs. Alleles for both high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits had a significant influence on the Conf value. Assuming a Gaussian distribution for Mw, the number of polymers present in wheat grains was computed for different kernel weights and protein concentrations, and it was found to exceed 1012 GPs per grain. Using atomic force microscopy and cryo-TEM, images of GPs were obtained for the first time. Under higher average temperature, GPs became larger and more spherical and consequently less prone to rapid hydrolysis. We propose some orientations that could be aimed at potentially reducing the impact of numerous GPs on people suffering from non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
Published: 2023

7. Better safe than sorry: Macroprudential policy, Covid 19 and climate change

Author: Gaëtan Le Quang, Laurence Scialom, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 050208 finance, Climate risk, As is, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Financial market, Climate change, Financial system, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Discount points, General Business, Management and Accounting, Macroprudential regulation, Financial regulation, State (polity), [No keyword available], 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract: The crisis of 2007-08 called for a renewal of banking regulation that took the shape of a shift toward macroprudential policy. However, a comprehensive assessment of the current state of financial regulation reveals that this shift is incomplete. In particular, the notion of risk that lies at the heart of the Basel framework is still blind to extreme events. Climate risk and pandemic risk fall into this category. The purpose of this article is twofold. On the one hand, we point out why current banking regulation is not adequate to face risks whose origin is grounded outside financial markets – as is the case for both the pandemic and the climate risks –; on the other hand, we offer avenues for reforming macroprudential regulation in a way that would allow to take those risks into account.
Published: 2022

8. Validity and Performance of Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease to Predict Dementia Risk in a Large Clinic-Based Cohort

Author: Planche, Vincent, Bouteloup, Vincent, Pellegrin, Isabelle, Mangin, Jean-Francois, Dubois, Bruno, Ousset, Pierre-Jean, Pasquier, Florence, Blanc, Frédéric, Paquet, Claire, Hanon, Olivier, Bennys, Karim, Ceccaldi, Mathieu, Annweiler, Cédric, Krolak-Salmon, Pierre, Godefroy, Olivier, Wallon, David, Sauvee, Mathilde, Boutoleau-Bretonnière, Claire, Bourdel-Marchasson, Isabelle, Jalenques, Isabelle, Chene, Genevieve, Dufouil, Carole, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immunology from Concept and Experiments to Translation (ImmunoConcept), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'immunologie et d'immunogénétique [CHU Bordeaux], Université Paris-Saclay, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), INSERM UMR 1287 Département d'hématologie, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Optimisation thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (OPTeN (UMR_S_1144 / U1144)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Groupe hospitalier Broca, Département de neurologie [Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [CHU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers (UA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL), Université d'Angers (UA)-Nantes Université - UFR Lettres et Langages (Nantes Univ - UFR LL), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), SFR UA 4201 Confluences (CONFLUENCES), Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CHU Amiens-Picardie, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche [Grenoble] (CMRR), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de résonance magnétique des systèmes biologiques (CRMSB), Service d'Addictologie et Pathologie Duelles [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), CIC Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Neurology (clinical), [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Background and ObjectiveBlood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) have consistently proven to be associated with CSF or PET biomarkers and effectively discriminate AD from other neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to test their utility in clinical practice, from a multicentric unselected prospective cohort where patients presented with a large spectrum of cognitive deficits or complaints.MethodsThe MEMENTO cohort enrolled 2,323 outpatients with subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) consulting in 26 French memory clinics. Participants had neuropsychological assessments, MRI, and blood sampling at baseline. CSF sampling and amyloid PET were optional. Baseline blood Aβ42/40 ratio, total tau, p181-tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured using a Simoa HD-X analyzer. An expert committee validated incident dementia cases during a 5-year follow-up period.ResultsOverall, 2,277 individuals had at least 1 baseline blood biomarker available (n = 357 for CSF subsample, n = 649 for PET subsample), among whom 257 were diagnosed with clinical AD/mixed dementia during follow-up. All blood biomarkers but total tau were mildly correlated with their equivalence in the CSF (r = 0.33 to 0.46,p< 0.0001) and were associated with amyloid-PET status (p< 0.0001). Blood p181-tau was the best blood biomarker to identify amyloid-PET positivity (area under the curve = 0.74 [95% CI = 0.69; 0.79]). Higher blood and CSF p181-tau and NfL concentrations were associated with accelerated time to AD dementia onset with similar incidence rates, whereas blood Aβ42/40 was less efficient than CSF Aβ42/40. Blood p181-tau alone was the best blood predictor of 5-year AD/mixed dementia risk (c-index = 0.73 [95% CI = 0.69; 0.77]); its accuracy was higher in patients with clinical dementia rating (CDR) = 0 (c-index = 0.83 [95% CI = 0.69; 0.97]) than in patients with CDR = 0.5 (c-index = 0.70 [95% CI = 0.66; 0.74]). A “clinical” reference model (combining demographics and neuropsychological assessment) predicted AD/mixed dementia risk with a c-index = 0.88 [95% CI = 0.86–0.91] and performance increased to 0.90 [95% CI = 0.88; 0.92] when adding blood p181-tau + Aβ42/40. A “research” reference model (clinical model + apolipoprotein E genotype and AD signature on MRI) had a c-index = 0.91 [95% CI = 0.89–0.93] increasing to 0.92 [95% CI = 0.90; 0.93] when adding blood p181-tau + Aβ42/40. Chronic kidney disease and vascular comorbidities did not affect predictive performances.DiscussionIn a clinic-based cohort of patients with SCC or MCI, blood biomarkers may be good hallmarks of underlying pathology but add little to 5-year dementia risk prediction models including traditional predictors.
Published: 2022

9. Antiviral drugs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 - the DisCoVeRy trial

Author: Bruno Mourvillier, François-Xavier Lescure, Dominique Costagliola, Alain Makinson, Valérie Pourcher, Odile Launay, Clément Dubost, Saad Nseir, Emmanuel Faure, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Jean-Christophe Richard, Lila Bouadma, Kevin Bouiller, Juliette Saillard, Jean Reignier, Claire Andrejak, Alpha Diallo, Lionel Piroth, Jean-Philippe Lanoix, Violaine Tolsma, Christelle Delmas, Gilles Peytavin, André Cabié, Marion Noret, Karine Lacombe, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Thérèse Staub, Johan Courjon, Florence Ader, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Maya Hites, Jean Reuter, Noemie Mercier, Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp, François Danion, S. Gallien, Julien Poissy, Florent Wallet, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Raphaël Clere-Jehl, Bruno Lina, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Antoine Kimmoun, Rostane Gaci, Olivier Epaulard, Axelle Dupont, François Raffi, Aline Dechanet, François Goehringer, Joy Mootien, Stéphane Jauréguiberry, Sylvie Leroy, Charles Burdet, Toni Alfaiate, Drifa Belhadi, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Lille, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Virology and human respiratory Pathologies - Virology and human respiratory Pathologies (VirPath), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), ANRS - Maladies infectieuses émergentes (ANRS - MIE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Santé Publique, Université de Médecine Carol Davila, Centre d'investigation Clinique [CHU Bichat] - Épidémiologie clinique (CIC 1425), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, Département d'Epidemiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique (DEBRC), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists [Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy] (INI-CRCT), Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu [Nancy], Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHRU Nancy], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), and Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Hospitalized patients, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Lopinavir, Hydroxychloroquine, Odds ratio, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Ritonavir, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: BackgroundLopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir-interferon (IFN)-β-1a and hydroxychloroquine efficacy for COVID-19 have been evaluated, but detailed evaluation is lacking.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir-IFN-β-1a, hydroxychloroquine or remdesivir for improving the clinical, virological outcomes in COVID-19 inpatients.DesignOpen-label, randomized, adaptive, controlled trial.SettingMulti-center trial with patients from France.Participants583 COVID-19 inpatients requiring oxygen and/or ventilatory supportInterventionStandard of care (SoC, control), SoC plus lopinavir/ritonavir (400 mg lopinavir and 100 mg ritonavir every 12h for 14 days), SoC plus lopinavir/ritonavir plus IFN-ß-1a (44 μg of subcutaneous IFN-ß-1a on days 1, 3, and 6), SoC plus hydroxychloroquine (400 mg twice on day 1 then 400 mg once daily for 9 days) or SoC plus remdesivir (200 mg intravenously on day 1 then 100 mg once-daily for hospitalization duration or 10 days).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was the clinical status at day 15, measured by the WHO 7-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes included SARS-CoV-2 quantification in respiratory specimens and safety analyses.ResultsAdjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) for the WHO 7-point ordinal scale were not in favor of investigational treatments: lopinavir/ritonavirversuscontrol, aOR 0.83, 95%CI, 0.55 to 1.26, P=0.39; lopinavir/ritonavir-IFN-β-1aversuscontrol, aOR 0.69, 95%CI, 0.45 to 1.04, P=0.08; hydroxychloroquineversuscontrol, aOR 0.93, 95%CI, 0.62 to 1.41, P=0.75. No significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in respiratory tract was evidenced. Lopinavir/ritonavir-containing treatments were significantly associated with more SAE.LimitationsNot a placebo-controlled, no anti-inflammatory agents tested.ConclusionNo improvement of the clinical status at day 15 nor SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in respiratory tract specimens by studied drugs. This comforts the recent Solidarity findings.RegistrationNCT04315948.FundingPHRC 2020, Dim OneHealth, REACTing
Published: 2023

10. En sortir, mais dans quel état ? De la peste à la covid-19

Author: Dockès, Pierre, Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Dockès, Pierre
Subjects: covid-19, histoire des épidémies, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, conséquences économiques et sociales, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, épidémies de peste, choc épidémiologique
Abstract: V1 - 47 pages, 2020-11V2 - 80 pages, 2023-06; La peste comme métaphore de l’épidémie de covid-19 qui sévit aujourd’hui ? Certes pas, heureusement, quant aux taux de mortalité qui sont sans commune mesure. Et l’attitude devant la mort a changé. Mais il est des constantes comportementales (fuite des classes aisées, fake news, complotisme, recherche de boucs émissaires, montée de l’anomie, dissolution des liens sociaux). Si l’épidémie n’est plus considérée comme une punition divine, certains la pensent comme une vengeance de la nature saccagée par l’homme. Il s’agit surtout de mesurer les conséquences économiques de l’épidémie et celles de la clôture, de l’enfermement, de la suspension des libertés d’aller et de venir, d’observer que dans toutes les épidémies majeures, il y a eu mise en lumière et accroissement des inégalités. Mais comment s’en sont sorti économiquement les pays et les villes frappés par la peste au cours des siècles. Si à court terme, malgré une mortalité comprise entre 30% et 60% de la population, les « villes de la peste » ont montré une étonnante résilience (des courbes en V ou en « aile d’oiseau »), à plus long terme les conséquences du choc épidémiologique ont été très différentes selon les structures sociales, institutionnelles, sectorielles des économies concernées. L’épidémie a été un révélateur des faiblesses et un accélérateur de l’histoire. Les pays ou les cités en déclin ont vu celui-ci se confirmer tandis que ceux qui bénéficiaient de secteurs porteurs, qui étaient dotés d’institutions performantes et s’inscrivaient dans un espace économique en expansion ont pu faire « contre mauvaise fortune bon cœur » et ont vu se confirmer leur dynamisme. Après un retour sur les épidémies du XXe siècle qui, souvent, n’ont provoqué qu’une certaine indifférence, l’ouvrage revient sur les comportements observés au cours des grandes épidémies du passé, les changements et les constances. Puis la focale est mise sur deux épisodes majeurs de peste, celle dite de Justinien au haut Moyen-âge et la peste noire de 1347-1350, et sur leurs conséquences économiques, sociales et géopolitiques à l’échelle mondiale. Enfin sont étudiées les épisodes de peste dans les villes européennes à l’âge classique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), surtout ceux de Naples (1656), Londres (1665) et Marseille (1720). On observera la mise en place des institutions de ce que Foucault a nommé « la ville de la peste », les conséquences sociales et économiques de la mort de masse – lourdement inégale –, des comportements de panique, d’anomie, également d’assistance, de lutte contre la contagion et de contrôle social, les effets du grand confinement, du cloisonnement et de la fermeture. Des comparaisons avec des situations contemporaines sont établies.
Published: 2023

11. Analyse des risques pour la santé humaine et animale liés aux tiques du genre Hyalomma en France

Author: Bonnet, Sarah, Baize, Sylvain, Bertagnoli, Stéphane, Falchi, Alessandra, Figoni, Julie, Hoch, Thierry, Moutailler, Sara, Raffetin, Alice, René-Martellet, Magalie, Stachurski, Frederic, Vial, Laurence, Vourc’h, Gwenaël, Quillery, Elsa, Fite, Johanna, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli [Université de Corse Pascal Paoli], Partenaires INRAE, Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (CHIV), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Anses, and Druesne, Christine
Subjects: human health, animal health, Fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo, risk analysis, santé animale, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], agents pathogènes, Hyalomma marginatum, virus, vector-borne disease, vecteur, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], santé humaine, Hyalomma, FHCC, France, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Tique, tick-borne virus, vector, pathogen agents, maladie vectorielle, Tick, analyse de risque
Abstract: Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Analyse des risques pour la santé humaine et animale liés aux tiques du genreHyalomma en France. (Saisine 2020-SA-0039). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 300 p.; Les populations de tiques du genre Hyalomma sont considérées en augmentation sur unepartie de leur aire de répartition, qui semble s'étendre en Europe depuis la fin du XXe siècle.La tique Hyalomma marginatum est présente en Corse depuis plusieurs décennies (Grech-Angelini et al. 2016). Hyalomma marginatum est considérée comme une espèce de tique invasive en France continentale, de récentes publications confirmant son installation sur le littoral méditerranéen (Vial et al. 2016; Stachurski et Vial 2018; Bahet al. 2022). D’autres espèces de Hyalomma sont également présentes en France, H. scupense en Corse (Grech-Angelini , 2016) et sur le continent (Vial et Stachurski, comm. pers.), et des données récentes montrent que H. lusitanicum serait également installée en France continentale (Stachurski, comm. pers.).Cette évolution est préoccupante, car ces tiques sont vectrices de nombreux agents pathogènes responsables de maladies pour l’être humain (notamment du virus de la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo – FHCC – ou de Rickettsies) et de maladies animales (notamment Babesia caballi responsable de la piroplasmose équine).Le virus de la FHCC (CCHFV) est responsable, chez l’être humain, de flambées de fièvre hémorragique sévère, dont le taux de létalité varie de 5 à près de 30 % (Spengler, Bergeron,et Spiropoulou 2019). Une séroprévalence du CCHFV de l’ordre de 10 % aurait récemment été mise en évidence chez les ruminants domestiques en Corse, sans qu’aucun cas humain n’ait encore été observé (Grech-Angelini et al. 2020). En 2016, deux cas autochtones de FHCC ont été confirmés à Madrid (Negredo et al. 2017), pour la première fois en Europe de l’Ouest.Une étude rétrospective, menée en 2020, a montré qu'un cas de FHCC était survenu dans la même province en 2013 (Negredo et al 2021). Depuis, des cas de FHCC, dont certains mortels, sont rapportés quasiment tous les ans en Espagne (2018, 2020, 2021, 2022). De plus, la circulation du virus est en recrudescence dans la région des Balkans et en Turquie.Aussi, l’Anses s’est autosaisie le 4 mars 2020 pour analyser les risques pour la santé humaineet animale liés aux tiques du genre Hyalomma en France.
Published: 2023

12. STLV-1 Commonly Targets Neurons in the Brain of Asymptomatic Non-Human Primates

Author: Brenda Rocamonde, Sandrine Alais, Rodolphe Pelissier, Valerie Moulin, Brigitte Rimbaud, Romain Lacoste, Noemie Aurine, Camille Baquerre, Bertrand Pain, Yuetsu Tanaka, Cyrille Mathieu, Hélène Dutartre, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oncogenèse rétrovirale – Retroviral Oncogenesis (OR), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Groupe hospitalier de La Rochelle, Station de primatologie (SP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (SBRI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Immunology [Okinawa, Japan] (Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine), and University of the Ryukyus [Okinawa]
Subjects: HTLV-1, inflammation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virology, neurotropism, Microbiology, microglial response
Abstract: International audience; The human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 is responsible for an aggressive neurodegenerative disease (HAM/TSP) and multiple neurological alterations. The capacity of HTLV-1 to infect central nervous system (CNS) resident cells, together with the neuroimmune-driven response, has not been well-established. Here, we combined the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and of naturally STLV-1-infected nonhuman primates (NHP) as models with which to investigate HTLV-1 neurotropism. Hence, neuronal cells obtained after hiPSC differentiation in neural polycultures were the main cell population infected by HTLV-1. Further, we report the infection of neurons with STLV-1 in spinal cord regions as well as in brain cortical and cerebellar sections of postmortem NHP. Additionally, reactive microglial cells were found in infected areas, suggesting an immune antiviral response. These results emphasize the need to develop new efficient models by which to understand HTLV-1 neuroinfection and suggest an alternative mechanism that leads to HAM/TSP.
Published: 2023

13. Immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of a recombinant measles-vectored Lassa vaccine: A randomised, placebo-controlled, first-in-human trial

Author: Tschismarov, Roland, van Damme, Pierre, Germain, Clara, De Coster, Ilse, Mateo, Mathieu, Reynard, Stephanie, Journeaux, Alexandra, Tomberger, Yvonne, Withanage, Kanchanamala, Haslwanter, Denise, Terler, Katherine, Schrauf, Sabrina, Muellner, Matthias, Tauber, Erich, Ramsauer, Katrin, Baize, Sylvain, Themis Bioscience GmbH, University of Antwerp (UA), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: safety, phase 1, vaccine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], measles-vectored, Human medicine, General Medicine, live-attenuated, immunogenicity, Lassa virus, first in man, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundLassa fever is a substantial health burden in west Africa. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant, live-attenuated, measles-vectored Lassa fever vaccine candidate (MV-LASV).MethodsThis first-in-human phase 1 trial—consisting of an open-label dose-escalation stage and an observer-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled treatment stage—was conducted at a single site at the University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, and involved healthy adults aged 18–55 years. Participants in the dose-escalation stage were sequentially assigned to a low-dose group (two intramuscular doses of MV-LASV at 2 × 104 times the median tissue culture infectious dose) or a high-dose group (two doses at 1 × 105 times the median tissue culture infectious dose). Participants in the double-blinded treatment stage were randomly assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive low dose, high dose, or placebo. The primary endpoint was the rate of solicited and unsolicited adverse events up to study day 56 and was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of investigational product. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04055454, and the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database, 2018-003647-40, and is complete.FindingsBetween Sept 26, 2019, and Jan 20, 2020, 60 participants were enrolled and assigned to receive placebo (n=12) or MV-LASV (n=48). All 60 participants received at least one study treatment. Most adverse events occurred during the treatment phase, and frequencies of total solicited or unsolicited adverse events were similar between treatment groups, with 96% of participants in the low-dose group, 100% of those in the high-dose group, and 92% of those in the placebo group having any solicited adverse event (p=0·6751) and 76% of those in the low-dose group, 70% of those in the high-dose group, and 100% of those in the placebo group having any unsolicited adverse event (p=0·1047). The only significant difference related to local solicited adverse events, with higher frequencies observed in groups receiving MV-LASV (24 [96%] of 25 participants in the low-dose group; all 23 [100%] participants in the high-dose group) than in the placebo group (6 [50%] of 12 participants; p=0·0001, Fisher-Freeman-Halton test). Adverse events were mostly of mild or moderate severity, and no serious adverse events were observed. MV-LASV also induced substantial concentrations of LASV-specific IgG (geometric mean titre 62·9 EU/ml in the low-dose group and 145·9 EU/ml in the high-dose group on day 42).InterpretationMV-LASV showed an acceptable safety and tolerability profile, and immunogenicity seemed to be unaffected by pre-existing immunity against the vector. MV-LASV is therefore a promising candidate for further development.FundingCoalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
Published: 2023

14. Disability progression in multiple sclerosis patients using early first‐line treatments

Author: Mathilde, Lefort, Sandra, Vukusic, Romain, Casey, Gilles, Edan, Emmanuelle, Leray, Chantal, Nifle, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Département Méthodes quantitatives en santé publique (METIS), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [Lyon], CHU Lyon, Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS, This work was funded by the Eugène Devic EDMUS Foundation against Multiple Sclerosis and by the ARSEP Foundation (Fondation pour l'Aide à la Recherche sur la Sclérose en Plaques), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: beta-interferon, disability progression, Neurology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], glatiramer acetate, early treatment, Neurology (clinical), multiple sclerosis, observational studies, propensity score
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Therapeutic management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has evolved towards early treatment. The objective was to assess the impact of early treatment initiation on disability progression among RRMS first-line treated patients. METHODS: This study included all incident RRMS cases starting interferon or glatiramer acetate for the first time from 1996/01/01 to 2012/31/12 (N=5,279) from ten MS expert OFSEP centers (Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques). The delay from treatment start to attain an irreversible Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 3.0 were compared between "Early" group (N= 1,882; treated within 12 months following MS clinical onset) and "Later" group using propensity score weighted Kaplan-Meier methods, overall and stratified by age. RESULTS: Overall, the restricted mean time before reaching EDSS 3.0 (RMST) from treatment start was 11 years and two months for patients treated within the year following MS clinical onset and 10 years and seven months for patients treated later. Thus, early treated patients gained 7 months (95% CI: [4-11] months) in the time to reach EDSS 3.0 compared to patients treated later (treatment start delayed by 28 months). The difference in RMST was respectively six months (95% CI: [1-10] months) and 14 months (95% CI: [4-24] months) in the "≤40 years" age group and in the ">40 years" age group, in favour of early group. . CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment initiation resulted in a significant reduction of disability progression among patients with RRMS, and also among older patients.
Published: 2022

15. Pathogenesis of recent Lassa virus isolates from lineages II and VII in cynomolgus monkeys

Author: Mateo, Mathieu, Hortion, Jimmy, Perthame, Emeline, Picard, Caroline, Reynard, Stéphanie, Journeaux, Alexandra, Germain, Clara, Carnec, Xavier, Baillet, Nicolas, Borges-Cardoso, Virginie, Pietrosemoli, Natalia, Vallve, Audrey, Barron, Stéphane, Jourjon, Ophélie, Lacroix, Orianne, Duthey, Aurélie, Dirheimer, Manon, Daniau, Maïlys, Legras-Lachuer, Catherine, Jouvion, Gregory, Carbonnelle, Caroline, Raoul, Hervé, Baize, Sylvain, Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire P4 - Jean Mérieux, Centre Européen de Virologie/Immunologie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ViroScan3D SAS [Trévoux, France], Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), MATEO, MATHIEU, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), cynomolgus monkeys, Immunology, viral hemorrhagic fevers, MESH: Lassa Fever, Virus Replication, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Microbiology, Lassa Fever, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Lassa virus, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Humans, pathogenesis, MESH: Virus Replication, MESH: Lassa virus, immune responses, Macaca fascicularis, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Macaca fascicularis, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Parasitology
Abstract: We thank P. Regnard, P.H. Moreau, and L. Fellmann (SILABE, Strasbourg) for medical care given to the monkeys. We thank S. Mundweiller, S. Godard, E. Moissonnier, D. Thomas, S. Mely, B. Labrosse, D. Pannetier, and C. Leculier (P4 INSERM–Jean Merieux, US003, INSERM) for assistance in conducting the BSL-4 experiments. We thank M-A Dillies (HUB, Institut Pasteur) for helpful discussions. We thank G. Fourcaud and B. Lafoux (UBIVE, CIRI, Institut Pasteur) for technical help. We also thank L. Branco (Zalgen Labs) for providing recombinant proteins. We are grateful to the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovations (R. Hatchett, G. Thiry, and M. Saville) and C. Gerke (Department of Innovation Development, Institut Pasteur) for invaluable support.; International audience; The area of Lassa virus (LASV) circulation is expanding, with the emergence of highly pathogenic new LASV lineages. Benin recently became an endemic country for LASV and has seen the emergence of a new LASV lineage (VII). The first two outbreaks in 2014 and 2016 showed a relatively high mortality rate compared to other outbreaks. We infected cynomolgus monkeys with two strains belonging to lineage II and lineage VII that were isolated from deceased patients during the 2016 outbreak in Benin. The lineage VII strain (L7) caused uniform mortality. Death was associated with uncontrolled viral replication, unbalanced inflammatory responses characterized by increased concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, and the absence of efficient immune responses, resembling the pathogenesis associated with the prototypic Josiah strain in monkeys. The lineage II strain (L2) showed apparently lower virulence than its counterpart, with a prolonged time to death and a lower mortality rate. Prolonged survival was associated with better control of viral replication, a moderate inflammatory response, and efficient T-cell responses. Transcriptomic analyses also highlighted important differences in the immune responses associated with the outcome. Both strains caused strong inflammation in several organs. Notably, meningitis and encephalitis were observed in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in all monkeys, independently of the outcome. Due to their apparently high pathogenicity, emerging strains from lineage VII should be considered in preclinical vaccine testing. Lineage II would also be beneficial in pathogenesis studies to study the entire spectrum of Lassa fever severity.
Published: 2022

16. Are the Liquidity and Collateral Roles of Asset Bubbles Different?

Author: Thomas Seegmuller, Xavier Raurich, Lise Clain-Chamosset-Yvrard, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Barcelona, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thomas Seegmuller thanks the financial support of the french government under the 'France 2030' investment plan managed by the French National Research Agency (reference: ANR-17-EURE-0020) and from Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University - A*MIDEX. Xavier Raurich thanks financial support from the Spanish Government through Grants RTI2018-093543-B-I00 and PID2021-126549NB-I00., ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), University of Barcelona, Department of Economics, Spanish Government and the European Union through grant RTI2018-093543-B-I00, MCIU, AEI, FEDER, ANR-15-CE33-0001,FIRE,Interdépendances financières et réelles : volatilité, ouverture internationale et politiques économiques(2015), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Lhuillier, Elisabeth, Aix-Marseille School of Economics - - AMSE (EUR)2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0020 - EURE - VALID, Interdépendances financières et réelles : volatilité, ouverture internationale et politiques économiques - - FIRE2015 - ANR-15-CE33-0001 - AAPG2015 - VALID, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Collateral, growth, collateral, Monetary economics, Overlapping generations model, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Accounting, 0502 economics and business, Economics, crowding-in effect, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G11 - Portfolio Choice • Investment Decisions, Asset (economics), 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Constraint (mathematics), JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics, 050205 econometrics, liquidity, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E4 - Money and Interest Rates/E.E4.E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy, bubble, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Investment (macroeconomics), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Market liquidity, Capital (economics), Bond market, Finance
Abstract: Several recent papers introduce different mechanisms to explain why asset bubbles are observed in periods of larger growth. These papers share common assumptions, heterogeneity among traders and credit market imperfection , but differ in the role of the bubble, used to provide liquidities or as collateral in a borrowing constraint. In this paper, we introduce heterogeneous traders by considering an overlapping generations model with households living three periods. Young households cannot invest in capital, while adults have access to investment and face a borrowing constraint. Introducing bubbles in a quite general way, encompassing the different roles they have in the existing literature, we show that the bubble may enhance growth when the borrowing constraint is binding. More significantly, our results do not depend on the-liquidity or collateral-role attributed to the bubble. We finally extend our analysis to a stochas-tic bubble, which may burst with a positive probability. Because credit and bubble are no more perfectly substitutable assets, the liquidity and collateral roles of the bubble are not equivalent. Growth is larger when bubbles play the liquidity role, because the burst of a bubble used for liquidity is less damaging to agents who invest in capital.
Published: 2023

17. Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich domains of Lysyl Oxidase-Like2 regulate endothelial ECM and angiogenesis through non-catalytic scaffolding mechanisms

Author: Marion Marchand, Jérémie Teillon, Stéphane Germain, Claudia Umana-Diaz, Florence Ruggiero, Corinne Ardidie-Robouant, Marilyne Malbouyres, Christophe Guilluy, A. Barret, Catherine Monnot, Laurent Muller, Romain Salza, Sylvie Ricard-Blum, Yoann Atlas, Cathy Pichol-Thievend, Philippe Girard, Pathologie et virologie moléculaire (PVM (UMR_7151)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en biologie (CIRB), Labex MemoLife, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pathologie vasculaire et endocrinologie rénale - Chaire de médecine expérimentale (INSERM U36), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assemblages Supramoléculaires Péricellulaires et Extracellulaires (ASPE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inflammasome NLRP3 – NLRP3 Inflammasome, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Collagen Type IV, 0301 basic medicine, Angiogenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neovascularization, Physiologic, Lysyl oxidase, Cell Line, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Protein Domains, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, medicine, Animals, Humans, Scavenger receptor, Molecular Biology, Zebrafish, Basement membrane, Binding Sites, LOXL2, biology, Chemistry, Dermis, Fibroblasts, Zebrafish Proteins, Extracellular Matrix, Fibronectins, Cell biology, Fibronectin, Surface coating, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, biology.protein, Amino Acid Oxidoreductases
Abstract: International audience; Lysyl oxidases are major actors of microenvironment and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. These cross-linking enzymes are thus involved in many aspects of physiopathology, including tumor progression, fibrosis and cardiovascular diseases. We have already shown that Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2 (LOXL2) regulates collagen IV deposition by endothelial cells and angiogenesis. We here provide evidence that LOXL2 also affects deposition of other ECM components, including fibronectin, thus altering structural and mechanical properties of the matrix generated by endothelial cells. LOXL2 interacts intracellularly and directly with collagen IV and fibronectin before incorporation into ECM fibrillar structures upon exocytosis, as demonstrated by TIRF time-lapse microscopy. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance experiments using recombinant scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains truncated for the catalytic domain demonstrated their direct binding to collagen IV. We thus used directed mutagenesis to investigate the role of LOXL2 catalytic domain. Neither enzyme activity nor catalytic domain were necessary for collagen IV deposition and angiogenesis, whereas the SRCR domains were effective for these processes. Finally, surface coating with recombinant SRCR domains restored deposition of collagen IV by LOXL2-depleted cells. We thus propose that LOXL2 SRCR domains orchestrate scaffolding of the vascular basement membrane and angiogenesis through interactions with collagen IV and fibronectin, independently of the enzymatic crosslinking activity.
Published: 2023

18. Unemployment insurance, recalls, and experience rating

Author: Anthony Terriau, Xavier Fairise, Julien Albertini, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse des Itinéraires et des Niveaux Salariaux (GAINS), Le Mans Université (UM), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Matching (statistics), Search and matching, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles/E.E3.E32 - Business Fluctuations • Cycles, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search, Recall, Unemployment insurance, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J65 - Unemployment Insurance • Severance Pay • Plant Closings, media_common.quotation_subject, Experience rating, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy/E.E2.E23 - Production, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Layoffs, Recalls, Insurance status, Unemployment, Economics, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J63 - Turnover • Vacancies • Layoffs, Demographic economics, Rating system, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, media_common
Abstract: In the US, almost half of unemployment spells end through recall. In this paper, we show that the probability of being recalled is much higher among unemployment benefit recipients than non-recipients. We argue that a large part of the observed difference in recall shares is accounted for by the design of the unemployment insurance financing scheme characterized by an experience rating system. We develop a search and matching model with different unemployment insurance status, endogenous separations, recalls and new hires. We quantify what would have been the labor market under alternative financing scheme. In the absence of the experience rating, the hiring and separations would have been higher in the long run and more volatile. Experience rating system contributes significantly to the difference in recalls between the recipients and the non-recipients.
Published: 2023

19. Promoting HPV vaccination at school: a mixed methods study exploring knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of French school staff

Author: Bocquier, Aurélie, Branchereau, Marion, Gauchet, Aurélie, Bonnay, Stéphanie, Simon, Maïa, Ecollan, Marie, Chevreul, Karine, Mueller, Judith, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Thilly, Nathalie, Study Group, Prevhpv, Adaptation, mesure et évaluation en santé. Approches interdisciplinaires (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Régional de Coordination des Dépistages des Cancers [Angers] (CRCDC Pays de la Loire), Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), UFR Médecine [Santé] - Université Paris Cité (UFR Médecine UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie et biothérapies des infections muqueuses (GIMAP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Département Méthodologie Promotion Investigation [CHRU Nancy] (MPI), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), The PrevHPV study is conducted with the support of IReSP and Inserm, and with financial support from ITMO Cancer AVIESAN (Alliance Nationale pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé/ National Alliance for Life Sciences & Health) within the framework of the Cancer Plan., Département Méthodes quantitatives en santé publique (METIS), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Knowledge, Attitude, Vaccination, Middle school professionals, Human Papillomavirus, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Health Education, Mixed method study, School-based immunization programs
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundHPV vaccine coverage in France remained lower than in most other high-income countries. Within the diagnostic phase of the national PrevHPV program, we carried out a mixed methods study among school staff to assess their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes regarding HPV, HPV vaccine and vaccination in general, and regarding schools’ role in promoting HPV vaccination. MethodsMiddle school nurses, teachers and support staff from four French regions participated between January 2020 and May 2021. We combined: (i) quantitative data from self-administered online questionnaires ( n = 301), analysed using descriptive statistics; and (ii) qualitative data from three focus groups ( n = 14), thematically analysed.ResultsLess than half of respondents knew that HPV can cause genital warts or oral cancers and only 18% that no antiviral treatment exists. Almost 90% of the respondents knew the existence of the HPV vaccine but some misunderstood why it is recommended before the first sexual relationships and for boys; 56% doubted about its safety, especially because they think there is not enough information on this topic. Schools nurses had greater knowledge than other professionals and claimed that educating pupils about HPV was fully part of their job roles; however, they rarely address this topic due to a lack of knowledge/tools. Professionals (school nurses, teachers and support staff) who participated in the focus groups were unfavourable to offering vaccination at school because of parents’ negative reactions, lack of resources, and perceived uselessness. ConclusionsThese results highlight the need to improve school staff knowledge on HPV. Parents should be involved in intervention promoting HPV vaccination to prevent their potential negative reactions, as feared by school staff. Several barriers should also be addressed before organizing school vaccination programs in France.; IntroductionLa couverture vaccinale contre les papillomavirus humains (HPV) en France reste inférieure à celle de la plupart des autres pays développés. Dans le cadre de la phase diagnostique du projet PrevHPV, nous avons mené une étude mixte auprès de professionnels de l’Education Nationale afin d’explorer leurs connaissances, représentations et attitudes vis-à-vis des HPV, du vaccin contre les HPV et de la vaccination en général, ainsi qu’au sujet du rôle du milieu scolaire dans la promotion de la vaccination contre les HPV.MéthodesL’étude a été menée auprès d’infirmières scolaires, d’enseignants et de membres du personnel administratif et d’encadrement de collèges de quatre régions françaises entre janvier 2020 et mai 2021. Nous avons combiné : (i) des données quantitatives collectées via des questionnaires auto-administrés, en ligne (n = 301), analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives ; et (ii) des données qualitatives collectées lors de trois focus groups (n = 14), traitées par une analyse thématique de contenu.RésultatsMoins de la moitié des répondants au questionnaire en ligne savaient que les HPV peuvent provoquer des verrues génitales ou des cancers ORL et 18 % seulement qu'il n'existe pas de traitement antiviral contre les HPV. Près de 90 % des répondants connaissaient l'existence du vaccin contre les HPV, mais certains professionnels ne comprenaient pas pourquoi ce vaccin était recommandé avant les premiers rapports sexuels ou pour les garçons ; 56 % doutaient de son innocuité, notamment parce qu'ils pensaient qu'il n'y avait pas assez de recul sur ce vaccin. Les infirmières scolaires avaient de meilleures connaissances que les autres professionnels et reconnaissaient que l'éducation des élèves au sujet des HPV fait partie intégrante de leur mission ; cependant, elles abordaient rarement ce sujet, notamment en raison d'un manque de connaissances et/ou d'outils. Les professionnels (infirmières scolaires, enseignants et personnel administratif/d’encadrement) ayant participé aux focus groups n'étaient pas favorables à l'idée de proposer la vaccination contre les HPV en milieu scolaire, notamment en raison du manque de ressources, de la crainte d’être confrontés à des réactions négatives de la part des parents et car ils n’en percevaient pas l’utilité (la vaccination étant accessible dans d’autres lieux).ConclusionLes résultats de cette étude soulignent la nécessité d'améliorer les connaissances du personnel scolaire sur les HPV et sa vaccination. Les parents devraient être impliqués dans les interventions de promotion de la vaccination contre les HPV afin de prévenir d’éventuelles réactions négatives, comme le craignent les professionnels des collèges. Plusieurs obstacles doivent également être levés avant d'organiser la vaccination en milieu scolaire en France.
Published: 2023

20. EMDR for symptoms of depression, stress and burnout in health care workers exposed to COVID-19 (HARD): A study protocol for a trial within a cohort study

Author: Agnès Caille, Aude Allemang-Trivalle, Myriam Blanchin, Anne Rebion, Anne Sauvaget, Bénédicte Gohier, Philippe Birmes, Eric Bui, Eric Fakra, Marie-Odile Krebs, Cédric Lemogne, Nathalie Prieto, Isabelle Jalenques, Pierre Vidailhet, Bruno Aouizerate, Coraline Hingray, Wissam El-Hage, MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Univ - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre d’Investigation Clinique [Tours] CIC 1415 (CIC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), MIP UR 4334 - T2 - Coordinations motrices (MIP T2), Motricité, interactions, performance UR 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Le Mans Université (UM)-Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (Nantes Univ - UFR STAPS), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (Nantes Univ - UFR STAPS), Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL), Université d'Angers (UA)-Nantes Université - UFR Lettres et Langages (Nantes Univ - UFR LL), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Psychiatric Disorders, Neuroscience Research and Clinical Research (PSYR2), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte A [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie (NCPS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Centre hospitalier Charles Perrens [Bordeaux], Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Laxou] (CPN), Imagerie et cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours ), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: trial within a cohort study, stress, burnout, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], depression, COVID-19, EMDR, health care workers, study protocol, TwiC
Abstract: Background: Stressful events during a pandemic are a major cause of serious health problems, such as burnout, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among health care workers (HCWs). During three years, HCWs, on the frontline to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, have been at an increased risk of high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD. Regarding potential psychological interventions, Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR) is a structured, strongly recommended therapy based on its well-known efficacy in reducing PTSD symptoms and anxiety. Objectives: This study, designed as a trial within a cohort (TwiC), aims to 1) estimate the prevalence of depression, burnout and PTSD in a sample of HCWs after experiencing the COVID-19 emergency (cohort part) and 2) assess the efficacy and acceptability of 'EMDR + usual care' for HCWs from the cohort who report significant psychological symptoms (trial part). Methods: The study, designed as a TwiC, consists of a prospective cohort study (n = 3000) with an embedded, pragmatic, randomized open-label superiority trial with two groups (n = 900). Participants included in the trial part are HCWs recruited for the cohort with significant symptoms on at least one psychological dimension (depression, burnout, PTSD) at baseline, 3 months or 6 months, determined by using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale, and PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). The intervention consists of 12 separate EMDR sessions with a certified therapist. The control group receives usual care. The trial has three primary outcomes: changes in depression, burnout and PTSD scores from randomization to 6 months. All participants are followed up for 12 months. Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health burden it places on HCWs and assesses the effectiveness of EMDR as a psychological intervention. Trial registration NCT04570202
Published: 2023

21. À propos de malentendus dans la réception française d'Edward Saïd : peut-on critiquer l'humanisme de Paul Mus ?

Author: Dartigues, Laurent, Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon)
Subjects: humanisme, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, renaissance orientale, Edward Said, orientalisme, Paul Mus, postcolonial, guerre
Abstract: Relatively unknown in the academic field of orientalism, Paul Mus (1902-1969) is nevertheless a « Big Man » of asian studies, member of the École française d’Extrême-Orient, professor at the Collège de France and regularly invited to teach at Yale on Southeast Asian Civilizations. Spending most of his childhood in Hanoi where his parents moved in 1907, he became indeed a major scholar of Buddhism, studied under Sylvain Lévi and Marcel Mauss he considered as mentors. But Mus is not only a scholar in a classic mode. After the Worl War II and his experience as Resistance fighter and political advisor of Leclerc and Bollaert in particular, he immersed in the political arena concerning the Indochina War. Lifelong inspired by his ancient teacher Alain and strongly impressed by Mars ou la guerre jugée, Mus wrote this two masterpieces : Viêt-Nam, sociologie d’une guerre (1952) and Le destin de l’Union française (1954). Ambigously anticolonial, he unveiled his hope of a Eastern Renaissance as an achievement of the Western Renaissance enriched by an Asiatic humanism. That’s why some historians do not accept the criticism of Edward Said even if the humanism of Paul Mus is quite different from Said’s one and presents some ambivalences.; Personnage assez méconnu de l’orientalisme français, Paul Mus (1902-1969). Notamment parce que ce spécialiste aujourd’hui reconnu du bouddhisme ne s’est pas cantonné à la seule érudition orientaliste. Happé par la Seconde Guerre mondiale et les guerres de décolonisation qui la suivent, il prend part au débat sur la première Guerre d’Indochine. Fort de son expérience de soldat et de conseiller politique du général Leclerc, dans une veine humaniste inspirée par Alain, il donne deux ouvrages majeurs : Viêt-Nam, sociologie d’une guerre (1952) et Le destin de l’Union française (1954). Textes en partie anticoloniaux, il y dévoile son espoir d’une humanité réconciliée à l’échelle du monde et fécondée par l’humanisme asiatique. Il convient d’interroger l’humanisme que soutient Mus, afin de mieux cerner en quoi la critique portée par Edward Said, que d’aucuns considèrent pourtant comme inadaptée à la figure flamboyante de Paul Mus, touche au cœur de la sociologie mussienne, d’une part, révèle ce qui ne passe toujours pas, presque trente ans après la critique de l’orientalisme par Edward Said, dans le champ des études viêtnamiennes en France, d’autre part.
Published: 2023

22. Effects of discontinuous blue light stimulation on the electrophysiological properties of neurons lacking opsin expression in vitro: Implications for optogenetic experiments

Author: Anistasha Lightning, Marie Bourzeix, Corinne Beurrier, Nicola Kuczewski, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception (NEUROPOP), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, neurons, patch-clamp, heat production, optogenetics, optogenetics patch-clamp heat production neurons
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

23. The Activation of the RIG-I/MDA5 Signaling Pathway upon Influenza D Virus Infection Impairs the Pulmonary Proinflammatory Response Triggered by Mycoplasma bovis Superinfection

Author: Maria Gaudino, Adrien Lion, Eveline Sagné, Brandy Nagamine, Justine Oliva, Olivier Terrier, Elisabeth Errazuriz-Cerda, Anaëlle Scribe, Fatima-Zohra Sikht, Elisa Simon, Charlotte Foret-Lucas, Blandine Gausserès, Julie Lion, Ana Moreno, Emilie Dordet-Frisoni, Eric Baranowski, Romain Volmer, Mariette F. Ducatez, Gilles Meyer, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Virology and human respiratory Pathologies - Virology and human respiratory Pathologies (VirPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), This study was funded by the by the Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), project BQR-2020-ANIMEX, and the ICRAD-ERA NET cofund ANR-21-ICRD-0007, 'Deciphering the role of influenza D virus in bovine and human respiratory diseases in Europe.' Maria Gaudino was supported by a Ph.D. scholarship funded by the Departement Sante Animale (INRAE Toulouse) and the Region Occitanie. Maria Gaudino, Adrien Lion, Justine Oliva, Olivier Terrier, Fatima-Zohra Sikht, Romain Volmer, Gilles Meyer, and Mariette F. Ducatez are members of the French research network on influenza viruses (ResaFlu, GDR2073) financed by the CNRS., and ANR-21-ICRD-0007,PREVENTER,Deciphering the role of influenza D virus in bovine and human respiratory diseases in Europe(2021)
Subjects: coinfections, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, PCLS, cattle, Virology, Insect Science, respiratory viruses, Immunology, ex vivo, precision-cut lung slices, mycoplasma, influenza, Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; Concurrent infections with multiple pathogens are often described in cattle with respiratory illness. However, how the host-pathogen interactions influence the clinical outcome has been only partially explored in this species. Influenza D virus (IDV) was discovered in 2011. Since then, IDV has been detected worldwide in different hosts. A significant association between IDV and bacterial pathogens in sick cattle was shown in epidemiological studies, especially with Mycoplasma bovis. In an experimental challenge, IDV aggravated M. bovis-induced pneumonia. However, the mechanisms through which IDV drives an increased susceptibility to bacterial superinfections remain unknown. Here, we used the organotypic lung model precision-cut lung slices to study the interplay between IDV and M. bovis coinfection. Our results show that a primary IDV infection promotes M. bovis superinfection by increasing the bacterial replication and the ultrastructural damages in lung pneumocytes. In our model, IDV impaired the innate immune response triggered by M. bovis by decreasing the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are important for immune cell recruitment and the bacterial clearance. Stimulations with agonists of cytosolic helicases and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) revealed that a primary activation of RIG-I/MDA5 desensitizes the TLR2 activation, similar to what was observed with IDV infection. The cross talk between these two pattern recognition receptors leads to a nonadditive response, which alters the TLR2-mediated cascade that controls the bacterial infection. These results highlight innate immune mechanisms that were not described for cattle so far and improve our understanding of the bovine host-microbe interactions and IDV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE: Since the spread of the respiratory influenza D virus (IDV) infection to the cattle population, the question about the impact of this virus on bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains still unanswered. Animals affected by BRD are often coinfected with multiple pathogens, especially viruses and bacteria. In particular, viruses are suspected to enhance secondary bacterial superinfections. Here, we use an ex vivo model of lung tissue to study the effects of IDV infection on bacterial superinfections. Our results show that IDV increases the susceptibility to the respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma bovis. In particular, IDV seems to activate immune pathways that inhibit the innate immune response against the bacteria. This may allow M. bovis to increase its proliferation and to delay its clearance from lung tissue. These results suggest that IDV could have a negative impact on the respiratory pathology of cattle.
Published: 2023

24. Hepatitis D virus interferes with hepatitis B virus RNA production via interferon-dependent and -independent mechanisms

Author: Julie Lucifora, Dulce Alfaiate, Caroline Pons, Maud Michelet, Ricardo Ramirez, Floriane Fusil, Fouzia Amirache, Axel Rossi, Anne-Flore Legrand, Emilie Charles, Serena Vegna, Rayan Farhat, Michel Rivoire, Guillaume Passot, Nicolas Gadot, Barbara Testoni, Charlotte Bach, Thomas F. Baumert, Anastasia Hyrina, Rudolf K. Beran, Fabien Zoulim, Andre Boonstra, Hildegard Büning, Eloi R. Verrier, François-Loïc Cosset, Simon P. Fletcher, Anna Salvetti, David Durantel, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gilead Sciences, Inc. [Foster City, CA, USA], Virus enveloppés, vecteurs et immunothérapie – Enveloped viruses, Vectors and Immuno-therapy (EVIR), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institute of Experimental Hematology [Hannover, Germany], Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Application des ultrasons à la thérapie (LabTAU), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Oncologie Médicale [Centre hospitalier Lyon Sud - HCL], Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre pour l'innovation en cancérologie de Lyon (CICLY), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques (IVH), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), German Center for Infection Research - partner site Hannover-Braunschweig (DZIF), and Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Subjects: Hepatology, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Médecine humaine et pathologie
Abstract: Background & Aims: Chronic coinfection with HBV and HDV leads to the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the widely reported observation that HDV interferes with HBV in most coinfected patients. Methods: Patient liver tissues, primary human hepatocytes, HepaRG cells and human liver chimeric mice were used to analyze the effect of HDV on HBV using virological and RNA-sequencing analyses, as well as RNA synthesis, stability and association assays. Results: Transcriptomic analyses in cell culture and mouse models of coinfection enabled us to define an HDV-induced signature, mainly composed of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). We also provide evidence that ISGs are upregulated in chronically HDV/HBV-coinfected patients but not in cells that only express HDV antigen (HDAg). Inhibition of the hepatocyte IFN response partially rescued the levels of HBV parameters. We observed less HBV RNA synthesis upon HDV infection or HDV protein expression. Additionally, HDV infection or expression of HDAg alone specifically accelerated the decay of HBV RNA, and HDAg was associated with HBV RNAs. On the contrary, HDAg expression did not affect other viruses such as HCV or SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Our data indicate that HDV interferes with HBV through both IFN-dependent and IFN-independent mechanisms. Specifically, we uncover a new viral interference mechanism in which proteins of a satellite virus affect the RNA production of its helper virus. Exploiting these findings could pave the way to the development of new therapeutic strategies against HBV. Impact and implications: Although the molecular mechanisms remained unexplored, it has long been known that despite its dependency, HDV decreases HBV viremia in patients. Herein, using in vitro and in vivo models, we showed that HDV interferes with HBV through both IFN-dependent and IFN-independent mechanisms affecting HBV RNA metabolism, and we defined the HDV-induced modulation signature. The mechanisms we uncovered could pave the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies against HBV by mimicking and/or increasing the effect of HDAg on HBV RNA. Additionally, the HDV-induced modulation signature could potentially be correlated with responsiveness to IFN-α treatment, thereby helping to guide management of HBV/HDV-coinfected patients.
Published: 2023

25. Threat and Punishment in Public Good Experiments

Author: Charles Noussair, David Masclet, Marie Claire Villeval, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Economics, Tilburg University [Netherlands], Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations (CIRANO), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Krannert School of Management, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Dao, Taï, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bernardini, Sophie
Subjects: JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior, punishment, History, Test, Polymers and Plastics, jel:H41, 050109 social psychology, Gefangenendilemma, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Threats,cheap talk,sanctions,public good,experiment, Order (exchange), Economics, C92, Sanctions, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, jel:C92, threats, Public economics, experiment, 05 social sciences, sanctions, Public good, 16. Peace & justice, Trittbrettfahrerverhalten, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, H41, Economics and Econometrics, Punishment, media_common.quotation_subject, jel:D63, non binding announcements, Cheap talk, 0502 economics and business, Institution, ddc:330, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Business and International Management, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H4 - Publicly Provided Goods/H.H4.H41 - Public Goods, Strafe, Social dilemma, Öffentliches Gut, public good experiment, General Business, Management and Accounting, threats, cheap talk, sanctions, public good, experiment, public good, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, D63, cheap talk
Abstract: Experimental studies of social dilemmas have shown that while the existence of a sanctioning institution improves cooperation within groups, it also has a detrimental impact on group earnings in the short-run. Could the introduction of pre-play threats to punish have enough of a beneficial impact on cooperation, while not incurring the cost associated with actual punishment, so that they increase overall welfare ? We report an experiment in which players can issue non-binding threats to punish others based on their contribution levels to a public good. After observing others' actual contributions, they choose their actual punishment level. We find that threats increase the level of contributions significantly. Efficiency is improved, but only in the long run. However, the possibility of sanctioning differences between threatened and actual punishment leads to lower threats, cooperation and welfare, restoring them to levels equal to or below the levels attained in the absence of threats.
Published: 2023

26. Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized for psychiatric disorders: a French multi-centered prospective observational study

Author: Claire Jansen, Pierre Thomas, Djamila Bennabi, Dominique Drapier, Thomas Schwitzer, Delphine Capdevielle, Noe Teboul, Pascal Delamillieure, Emmanuelle Corruble, Christophe Schmitt, Daniela Dobre, Olivier C. Martin, Pierre Abdel Ahad, Antoine Pelissolo, Clément Vansteene, Benjamin Rolland, Marion Leboyer, Raymund Schwan, Fabienne Ligier, Wanda Yekhlef, Antoine Yrondi, Raphaël Gaillard, William Lecoeur, Radoine Haoui, Mathilde Roser, Vincent Laprevote, Catherine Massoubre, Sonia Dollfus, Fabien Joubert, Philip Gorwood, Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie (NCPS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Laxou] (CPN), Faculté de Médecine [Nancy], Université de Lorraine (UL), Adaptation, mesure et évaluation en santé. Approches interdisciplinaires (APEMAC), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de psychiatrie adulte, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital La Colombière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Comportement et noyaux gris centraux = Behavior and Basal Ganglia [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes = Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Rennes (INCR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville (CHR Metz-Thionville), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinique des maladies mentales et de l'encéphale (CMME - Service de psychiatrie), Hôpital Sainte-Anne-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service Psychiatrie et psychologie médicale [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Psychiatrie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre Hospitalier Gérard Marchant, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy (CPN), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, HAL UR1, Admin, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Universitaire d’Addictologie de Lyon [CH Le Vinatier, Bron] (Pôle MOPHA - SUAL), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Etablissement Public de Santé Alsace Nord, Partenaires INRAE, Hôpital Sainte-Anne-Université de Paris (UP), Etablissement public de santé de Ville-Evrard (EPS), Service Psychiatrie et psychologie médicale [CHU Purpan], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog (ex-JPARC)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Population, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Confusional state, Logistic regression, Lower risk, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Organic mental disorders, Intensive care, medicine, Psychiatry, Prospective cohort study, education, Applied Psychology, Univariate analysis, education.field_of_study, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, business.industry, Medical record, COVID-19, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Mental health, Confidence interval, 030227 psychiatry, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Psychiatry and Mental health, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Original Article, Observational study, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background: At the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, specific COVID/PSY wards were created in France to provide care for inpatients with COVID-19 and psychiatric disorders. In this multi-center prospective study, we set out to assess the clinical features and risk factors of somatic aggravation in patients hospitalized in COVID/PSY wards. Methods: Data were collected between 28 February and 30 May, 2020. We collected demographic data, psychiatric diagnoses, medical data and COVID-19-related clinical data. Somatic aggravation was estimated by the number of patients transferred to intensive care or medicine units, the number of deaths and the number of patients presenting a confusional state. A multivariate logistic model was used to assess the risk factors of confusional state and transfer to intensive care or medicine units. The risk of death was analysed by the univariate predictors of this outcome. Outcomes: 350 patients were included in the study. The number of inclusions peaked one week after that of the general population and declined more slowly. Overall, 24 (7%) were transferred to medicine units, 7 (2%) died and 51 (15%) patients presented a confusional state. Severe respiratory symptoms predicted the transfer to a medicine unit (OR 17.1; CI 4.9-59.3). Older age, an organic mental disorder, a confusional state, and severe respiratory symptoms predicted mortality in univariate analysis. Age > 55 (OR 4.9; CI 2.1-11.4), an affective disorder (OR 4.1; CI 1.6-10.9), and severe respiratory symptoms (OR 4.6; CI 2.2-9.7) predicted a higher risk, while smoking (OR 0.3; CI 0.1-0.9) predicted a lower risk of a confusional state. Interpretation: COVID-19 patients with severe psychiatric disorders have multiple somatic comorbidities and a high risk of confusion. COVID/PSY wards may play a role in reducing the mortality of COVID-19 in patients with psychiatric disorders. Funding Statement: There was no funding source for this study. Declaration of Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to be declared. Ethics Approval Statement: This observational study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. In accordance with French bioethics laws, it was classified as a non- interventional study, since it concerned anonymized clinical data that are routinely compiled in medical records. Compliance with French regulations on personal data collection was supervised by the personal data referent of the Centre Psychotherapique de Nancy. Patients, and their legal guardian when appropriate, were informed in writing, in agreement with national regulations for observational studies.
Published: 2023

27. Comparative study of GBP recruitment on two cytosol-dwelling pathogens, Francisella novicida and Shigella flexneri highlights differences in GBP repertoire and in GBP1 motif requirements

Author: Stanimira V Valeva, Manon Degabriel, Fanny Michal, Gabrielle Gay, John R Rohde, Felix Randow, Brice Lagrange, Thomas Henry, Inflammasome, Infections bactériennes et autoinflammation, Inflammasome, Bacterial Infections and Autoinflammation (I2BA), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, General Immunology and Microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology and Allergy, General Medicine
Abstract: Guanylate-Binding Proteins are interferon-inducible GTPases that play a key role in cell autonomous responses against intracellular pathogens. Despite sharing high sequence similarity, subtle differences among GBPs translate into functional divergences that are still largely not understood. A key GBP feature is the formation of supramolecular GBP complexes on the bacterial surface. Such complexes are observed when GBP1 binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Shigella and Salmonella and further recruits GBP2-4. Here, we compared GBP recruitment on two cytosol-dwelling pathogens, Francisella novicida and S. flexneri. Francisella novicida was coated by GBP1 and GBP2 and to a lower extent by GBP4 in human macrophages. Contrary to S. flexneri, F. novicida was not targeted by GBP3, a feature independent of T6SS effectors. Multiple GBP1 features were required to promote targeting to F. novicida while GBP1 targeting to S. flexneri was much more permissive to GBP1 mutagenesis suggesting that GBP1 has multiple domains that cooperate to recognize F. novicida atypical LPS. Altogether our results indicate that the repertoire of GBPs recruited onto specific bacteria is dictated by GBP-specific features and by specific bacterial factors that remain to be identified.
Published: 2023

28. A MOPEVAC multivalent vaccine induces sterile protection against New World arenaviruses in non-human primates

Author: Stéphanie Reynard, Xavier Carnec, Caroline Picard, Virginie Borges-Cardoso, Alexandra Journeaux, Mathieu Mateo, Clara Germain, Jimmy Hortion, Laure Albrecht, Emeline Perthame, Natalia Pietrosemoli, Audrey Vallvé, Stéphane Barron, Aurélie Duthey, Orianne Lacroix, Ophélie Jourjon, Marie Moroso, Lyne Fellmann, Pierre-Henri Moreau, Maïlys Daniau, Catherine Legras-Lachuer, Manon Dirheimer, Caroline Carbonnelle, Hervé Raoul, Sylvain Baize, Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire P4 - Jean Mérieux, Centre Européen de Virologie/Immunologie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), ViroScan3D SAS [Trévoux, France], Délégation régionale Auvergne Rhône-Alpes [Bron, France], and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Antibodies Neutralizing, Arenaviruses New World, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Vaccines Combined, Cell Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Macaca fascicularis, Genetics, Animals, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, Glycoproteins
Abstract: International audience; Pathogenic New World arenaviruses (NWAs) cause haemorrhagic fevers and can have high mortality rates, as shown in outbreaks in South America. Neutralizing antibodies (Abs) are critical for protection from NWAs. Having shown that the MOPEVAC vaccine, based on a hyperattenuated arenavirus, induces neutralizing Abs against Lassa fever, we hypothesized that expression of NWA glycoproteins in this platform might protect against NWAs. Cynomolgus monkeys immunized with MOPEVACMAC, targeting Machupo virus, prevented the lethality of this virus and induced partially NWA cross-reactive neutralizing Abs. We then developed the pentavalent MOPEVACNEW vaccine, expressing glycoproteins from all pathogenic South American NWAs. Immunization of cynomolgus monkeys with MOPEVACNEW induced neutralizing Abs against five NWAs, strong innate followed by adaptive immune responses as detected by transcriptomics and provided sterile protection against Machupo virus and the genetically distant Guanarito virus. MOPEVACNEW may thus be efficient to protect against existing and potentially emerging NWAs.
Published: 2023

29. Cerebellar signals drive motor adjustments and visual perceptual changes during forward and backward adaptation of reactive saccades

Author: Alexis Cheviet, Jana Masselink, Eric Koun, Roméo Salemme, Markus Lappe, Caroline Froment-Tilikete, Denis Pélisson, Integrative Multisensory Perception, Action and Cognition (IMPACT), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and Pelisson, Denis
Subjects: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Trans-saccadic perception, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Cerebellum, Cognitive Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Saccades, Corollary discharge, Humans, Saccadic adaptation, Visuo-spatial representation, Adaptation, Physiological
Abstract: Saccadic adaptation ($SA$) is a cerebellar-dependent learning of motor commands ($MC$), which aims at preserving saccade accuracy. Since $SA$ alters visual localization during fixation and even more so across saccades, it could also involve changes of target and/or saccade visuospatial representations, the latter ($CDv$) resulting from a motor-to-visual transformation (forward dynamics model) of the corollary discharge of the $MC$. In the present study, we investigated if, in addition to its established role in adaptive adjustment of $MC$, the cerebellum could contribute to the adaptation-associated perceptual changes. Transfer of backward and forward adaptation to spatial perceptual performance (during ocular fixation and trans-saccadically) was assessed in eight cerebellar patients and eight healthy volunteers. In healthy participants, both types of $SA$ altered $MC$ as well as internal representations of the saccade target and of the saccadic eye displacement. In patients, adaptation-related adjustments of $MC$ and adaptation transfer to localization were strongly reduced relative to healthy participants, unraveling abnormal adaptation-related changes of target and $CDv$. Importantly, the estimated changes of $CDv$ were totally abolished following forward session but mainly preserved in backward session, suggesting that an internal model ensuring trans-saccadic localization could be located in the adaptation-related cerebellar networks or in downstream networks, respectively.
Published: 2022

30. Charge detection mass spectrometry on human-amplified fibrils from different synucleinopathies

Author: Aikaterini Tsirkou, Flora Kaczorowski, Mathieu Verdurand, Rana Raffoul, Jonathan Pansieri, Isabelle Quadrio, Fabien Chauveau, Rodolphe Antoine, Spectrométrie des biomolécules et agrégats (SPECTROBIO), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Radiopharmaceutical and Neurochemical Biomarkers (BIORAN), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, and VIDAL, Armelle
Subjects: Amyloid, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Synucleinopathies, Metals and Alloys, Brain, Parkinson Disease, General Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Catalysis, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Protein Aggregates, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, alpha-Synuclein, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Humans, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM]
Abstract: International audience; Amyloid fibrils are self-assembled mesoscopic protein aggregates, which can accumulate to form deposits or plaques in the brain. In vitro amplification of fibrils can be achieved with real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). However, this emerging technique would benefit from a complementary method to assess structural properties of the amplification products. This work demonstrates the feasibility of nanospray-charge-detection-mass-spectrometry (CDMS) performed on α-synuclein (αSyn) fibrils amplified from human brains with Parkinson's disease (PD) or Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and its synergistic combination with RT-QuIC.
Published: 2022

31. What underlies the observed hospital volume-outcome relationship?

Author: Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Lionel Perrier, Xavier Joutard, Marius Huguet, Centre Ingénierie Santé, Saint-Étienne (CIS - MINES), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Laboratoire d'Economie et de Sociologie du Travail (LEST), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) (OFCE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire d'économie et de sociologie du travail (LEST), Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (OFCE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Tumor resection, Volume-outcome causal effect, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Outcome (game theory), Proxy (climate), JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health, Hospital volume, Net income, medicine, Humans, C36, C31, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ovarian Neoplasms, Care pathway, Learning effect, I18, I11, business.industry, Research, Health Policy, L11, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health services research, Epithelial ovarian cancer, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Hospitals, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance/L.L1.L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms, Instrumental variable, Organization of care, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models • Multiple Variables/C.C3.C31 - Cross-Sectional Models • Spatial Models • Treatment Effect Models • Quantile Regressions • Social Interaction Models, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets, Epithelial ovarian carcinoma, Treatment modality, Emergency medicine, Income, Volume outcome relationship, Centralization of care, Treatment decision making, France, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business, Volume (compression)
Abstract: Background Studies of the hospital volume-outcome relationship have highlighted that a greater volume activity improves patient outcomes. While this finding has been known for years, most studies to date have failed to delve into what underlies this relationship. Objective This study aimed to shed light on the basis of the hospital volume effect on patient outcomes by comparing treatment modalities for epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients. Data An exhaustive dataset of 355 patients in first-line treatment for Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC) in 2012 in three regions of France was used. These regions account for 15% of the metropolitan French population. Methods In the presence of endogeneity induced by a reverse causality between hospital volume and patient outcomes, we used an instrumental variable approach. Hospital volume of activity was instrumented by the distance from patients’ homes to their hospital, the population density, and the median net income of patient municipalities. Results Based on our parameter estimates, we found that the rate of complete tumor resection would increase by 15.5 percentage points with centralized care, and by 8.3 percentage points if treatment decisions were coordinated by high-volume centers compared to decentralized care. Conclusion As volume alone is an imperfect correlate of quality, policy-makers need to know what volume is a proxy for in order to devise volume-based policies.
Published: 2022

32. The smell of cooperativeness: Do human body odours advertise cooperative behaviours?

Author: Arnaud Tognetti, Valerie Durand, Dimitri Dubois, Melissa Barkat‐Defradas, Astrid Hopfensitz, Camille Ferdenzi, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE33-0005,SINT,L'intelligence sociale: experiences et théories concernant les agents économiques(2015), emlyon business school (EM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), PEPS CNRS HomoVox, ANR-11-LABX-0042,CORTEX,Construction, Fonction Cognitive et Réhabilitation du Cerveau(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), business school, emlyon, L'intelligence sociale: experiences et théories concernant les agents économiques - - SINT2015 - ANR-15-CE33-0005 - AAPG2015 - VALID, Construction, Fonction Cognitive et Réhabilitation du Cerveau - - CORTEX2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0042 - LABX - VALID, PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE - - Avenir L.S.E.2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0007 - IDEX - VALID, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Body Odor, chemosensory cues, economic games, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, genetic structures, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Smell, Odorants, parasitic diseases, partner choice, Humans, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Female, body odours, Cooperative Behavior, Cues, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, psychological phenomena and processes, General Psychology
Abstract: International audience; Several physical features influence the perception of how cooperative a potential partner is. While previous work focused on face and voice, it remains unknown whether body odours influence judgements of cooperativeness and if odour-based judgements are accurate. Here, we first collected axillary odours of cooperative and uncooperative male donors through a public good game and used them as olfactory stimuli in a series of tasks examining whether and how they influence cooperative decision-making in an incentivized economic game and ratings of cooperativeness. Our results show that having access to the donor's body odours provided a strategic advantage to women during economic decisions (but not to men): with age, women were more likely to cooperate with cooperative men and to avoid interacting with uncooperative men. Ratings of cooperativeness were nonetheless unrelated to the donors’ actual cooperativeness. Finally, while men with masculine and intense body odours were judged less cooperative, we found no evidence that donors’ actual cooperativeness was associated with less masculine or less intense body odour. Overall, our findings suggest that, as faces and voices, body odours influence perceived cooperativeness and might be used accurately and in a non-aware manner as olfactory cues of cooperativeness, at least by women.
Published: 2021

33. Human physiology adaptation to altered gravity environments

Author: Gilles Clément, Andrew P. Blaber, Olivier White, Jack J. W. A. van Loon, Nandu Goswami, Joyce M. Evans, Medical University Graz, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), University of Kentucky (UK), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clement, Gilles, University of Kentucky, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gravity (chemistry), [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Computer science, Aerospace Engineering, Hypergravity, Spaceflight, law.invention, Gravitation, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Hypogravity, 030304 developmental biology, Cognitive science, 0303 health sciences, [SCCO] Cognitive science, Human physiology, Deconditioning, Artificial gravity, Sex, Microgravity, Adaptation, Centrifuge, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Multiple transitions between gravity levels will occur during planetary exploration missions. In reaction to these gravitational transitions, physiological adaptation will be initiated. However, the physiological effects of longduration exposures to hypogravity and hypergravity are poorly understood. In this review we present an overview of how humans perceive gravity, review sex-based differences in adaptation to changes in gravity, and introduces rather limited evidence currently available related to the effects of partial gravity. The paper then argues that there is a need for more research to better understand the extent and dynamics of physiological adaptation mechanisms during gravity level transitions in spaceflight and proposes a need for artificial gravity (AG) as a multi-system countermeasure and explore the efficacy of AG as countermeasure between short and very long-arm centrifuges. Discussed here are the effects of acute short-arm AG application. The topical review also discusses the usage of chronic AG application via the innovative large-radius Hypergravity Human Habitat, H 3 , concept.
Published: 2021

34. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Autoimmunity

Author: Daniela Molinier-Tiganas, Jonathan Biberon, Quentin Bodard, Véronique Rogemond, Anne Ruiz, Bastien Bouldoires, Celine Derollez, Philippe Diraison, Daniela Andriuta, Alberto Vogrig, Amelie Leblanc, Thomas De Broucker, Aditya Ambati, Philippe Kerschen, Géraldine Picard, Thierry Tchoumi, Eve Chanson, Anne-Laure Kaminsky, Irina Grigorashvili-Coin, Clementine Fort, Fanny Duval, Roxana Genet, Jérôme Honnorat, Kumaran Deiva, Sergio Muñiz-Castrillo, Mathilde Goudot, Bastien Joubert, François Sellal, Gabriel Mirebeau, Anais Dutray, Marion Philbert, Guillaume Rieul, Véronique Bourg, Erwan Morvan, Jonathan Ciron, Adrien Bigot, Romain Marignier, Roxana Ameli, Lucie Hopes, Jean Louis Devoize, Nahema Issa, Mickael Bonnan, Elena-Camelia Rusu, Laurent Kremer, Florence Rulquin, Alice Gravier Dumonceau, Marie Benaiteau, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Neuroradiologie [Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud - HCL], Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre de Référence Maladie Rare 'Syndromes neurologiques Paranéoplasiques', Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hopital Neurologique, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [Le Kremlin Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Excitabilité nerveuse et thérapeutique (ENT), Hôpital Henri Mondor-EA 4391, Service de Physiologie Explorations Fonctionnelles-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Laxou] (CPN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Service de neurologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Centre Hospitalier d'Angoulême (CH Angoulême), Université des Antilles - UFR des sciences médicales Hyacinthe Bastaraud (UA UFR SM), Université des Antilles (UA), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Neurologie [Brest], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées 'Clermont-Tonnerre' (HIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service de neurologie [Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] (CHU), CHU de Saint-Brieuc, CHU Pau, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Strasbourg, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and ANR-18-RHUS-0012,BETPSY,Biomarkers in autoimmune EncephaliTis and Paraneoplastic neurological SYndromes(2018)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Myelitis, Autoimmunity, Autoimmune Diseases, Cohort Studies, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Cerebrospinal fluid, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, medicine, Humans, Child, Autoantibodies, Retrospective Studies, biology, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, business.industry, Autoantibody, Meningoencephalitis, medicine.disease, Hyperintensity, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunohistochemistry, Neurology (clinical), Antibody, business
Abstract: Background and ObjectivesTo report the clinical, biological, and imaging features and clinical course of a French cohort of patients with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) autoantibodies.MethodsWe retrospectively included all patients who tested positive for GFAP antibodies in the CSF by immunohistochemistry and confirmed by cell-based assay using cells expressing human GFAPα since 2017 from 2 French referral centers.ResultsWe identified 46 patients with GFAP antibodies. Median age at onset was 43 years, and 65% were men. Infectious prodromal symptoms were found in 82%. Other autoimmune diseases were found in 22% of patients, and coexisting neural autoantibodies in 11%. Tumors were present in 24%, and T-cell dysfunction in 23%. The most frequent presentation was subacute meningoencephalitis (85%), with cerebellar dysfunction in 57% of cases. Other clinical presentations included myelitis (30%) and visual (35%) and peripheral nervous system involvement (24%). MRI showed perivascular radial enhancement in 32%, periventricular T2 hyperintensity in 41%, brainstem involvement in 31%, leptomeningeal enhancement in 26%, and reversible splenial lesions in 4 cases. A total of 33 of 40 patients had a monophasic course, associated with a good outcome at last follow-up (Rankin Score ≤2: 89%), despite a severe clinical presentation. Adult and pediatric features are similar. Thirty-two patients were treated with immunotherapy. A total of 11/22 patients showed negative conversion of GFAP antibodies.DiscussionGFAP autoimmunity is mainly associated with acute/subacute meningoencephalomyelitis with prodromal symptoms, for which tumors and T-cell dysfunction are frequent triggers. The majority of patients followed a monophasic course with a good outcome.
Published: 2021

35. What We Measure Matters: The Case of the Missing Development Data in Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Monitoring

Author: Michael Boyland, Wesley Webb Cheek, Holmes Páez, Giuseppe Forino, Vicente Sandoval, Claudia González-Muzzio, Jason von Meding, Isabella Tomassi, Ksenia Chmutina, Victor Marchezini, Darien Alexander Williams, Loughborough University, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Freie Universität Berlin, Stockholm Environment Institute Asia, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Ritsumeikan University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), A ´ mbito Consultores Limitada, 3565 202 Santiago, Chile, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UFR Temps et Territoires (UL2 UFR TT GHHAT), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais [Sao Paulo, Brésil] (CEMADEN), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Disaster risk reduction, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Vulnerability, Sustainable development goals, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Development dynamics, 01 natural sciences, Injustice, Article, Natural hazard, Political science, 11. Sustainability, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Sustainable development, Oppression, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Global and Planetary Change, 1. No poverty, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Hazard, Framing (social sciences), Risk analysis (engineering), Disaster risk root causes, Safety Research
Abstract: The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015−2030’s (SFDRR) framing moved away from disaster risk as a natural phenomenon to the examination of the inequality and injustice at the root of human vulnerability to hazards and disasters. Yet, its achievements have not seriously challenged the long-established capitalist systems of oppression that hinder the development leading to disaster risk creation. This article is an exploratory mapping exercise of and a collective reflection on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and SFDRR indicators—and their use in measuring progress towards disaster risk reduction (DRR). We highlight that despite the rhetoric of vulnerability, the measurement of progress towards DRR remains event/hazard-centric. We argue that the measurement of disaster risk could be greatly enhanced by the integration of development data in future iterations of global DRR frameworks for action.
Published: 2021

36. AN EARLY 3D‐MAP OF A TERRITORY? THE BRONZE AGE CARVED SLAB FROM SAINT‐BÉLEC, LEUHAN (BRITTANY, FRANCE)

Author: Laurent Aubry, Bernard Le Gall, Julie Pierson, Joël Rolet, Yvan Pailler, Pierre Stéphan, Clement Nicolas, Vincent Lacombe, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bournemouth University [Poole] (BU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de recherches archéologiques de Cesson-Sévigné (Inrap, Cesson-Sévigné), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Université de Bretagne Occidentale - UFR Sciences et Techniques (UBO UFR ST), Université de Brest (UBO), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Evaluating, understanding, supporting motor, perceptive and social Trajectories (TRAJECTOIRES), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geo-Ocean (GEO-OCEAN), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DigiSCAN 3D, UMR 8215 Trajectoires (dir. O. Weller, CNRS)UMR 6554 LETG (dir. F. Gourmelon, CNRS)Collective Research Program ‘Éléments pour une nouvelle approche de l’âge du Bronze en Bretagne’ (dir. S. Blanchet,Inrap/DRAC Bretagne)Bournemouth University, and European Project: 841128,WATCH
Subjects: Bronze Age, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Planimetry, Geography, Planning and Development, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Prehistory, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Brittany, Early world maps, Rock art, 0601 history and archaeology, Territorialisation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Carving, 060102 archaeology, Spatial Analyses, SAINT, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Geography, Slab, Spatial extent
Abstract: International audience; While early maps are known from all over the world, the key questions always involve: what exactly do they show? And what spatial extent do they cover? In this context, we recently used 3D-modelling to re-examine a carved stone slab datable to the Early Bronze Age (c.2150–1600 BC) that was found at Saint-Bélec in Brittany. We show that the surface of the slab had been shaped in three dimensions to represent the relief of the surrounding landscape in which it was found, while several engraved motifs on it evoke contemporary structures known archaeologically. We argue that the Saint-Bélec slab represents an area of c.545 km2 corresponding to the extent of a prehistoric political entity. The carving and subsequent burying of the slab can be linked to the postulated rise and fall of hierarchical societies and raises many wider questions about socio-economic structures in temperate Europe at that time.
Published: 2021

37. Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in two cats during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in France

Author: Nicolas Nesi, Meriadeg Ar Gouilh, Vincent Legros, Solène Denolly, Eric M. Leroy, Bertrand Boson, Alexandra Briend-Marchal, Serge G. Rosolen, Matthieu Fritz, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Virus enveloppés, vecteurs et immunothérapie – Enveloped viruses, Vectors and Immuno-therapy (EVIR), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clinique Vétérinaire Voltaire, Vebiotel - Laboratoire de Biologie Vétérinaire, Service de Virologie [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), French National Agency for Research : ANR-RA-COVID-19 (Geographical and temporal serological investigation of companion animal infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of COVID-19 in France, CoVet), IDEXLYON project of Université de Lyon as part of the 'Programme Investissements d’Avenir'. Grant Number: ANR-16-IDEX-0005, WHO throught the SARS-CoV-2 EvoZoone project, OIE through the European Union EBO-SURSY project, ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, and IDEXLYON - - IDEXLYON2016 - ANR-16-IDEX-0005 - IDEX - VALID
Subjects: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Veterinary medicine, viruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), serology, mild‐respiratory clinical signs, Cat Diseases, SARS‐CoV‐2, Microsphere, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, SF600-1100, Pandemic, Animals, Medicine, One Health, skin and connective tissue diseases, Pandemics, mild-respiratory clinical signs, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, CATS, General Veterinary, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, SARS-CoV-2, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, cats, fungi, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, COVID-19, Original Articles, Virology, respiratory tract diseases, 3. Good health, body regions, NGS, Immunoassay, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, biology.protein, Original Article, France, Antibody, business
Abstract: Although there are several reports in the literature of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in cats, few SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences from infected cats have been published. In this study, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was evaluated in two cats by clinical observation, molecular biology (qPCR and NGS), and serology (microsphere immunoassay and seroneutralization). Following the observation of symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in two cats, infection status was confirmed by RT‐qPCR and, in one cat, serological analysis for antibodies against N‐protein and S‐protein, as well as neutralizing antibodies. Comparative analysis of five SARS‐CoV‐2 sequence fragments obtained from one of the cats showed that this infection was not with one of the three recently emerged variants of SARS‐CoV‐2. This study provides additional information on the clinical, molecular, and serological aspects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in cats., This study provides additional information on the clinical, molecular, and serological aspects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in cats.
Published: 2021

38. Brexit, sovereignty and Conservative unionism in Scotland

Author: Simpkins, Fiona, Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Conservative unionism, Scotland, Brexit, sovereignty, General Medicine, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract: version imprimée parue en octobre 2021; International audience
Published: 2021

39. Jan Tinbergen and J. G. Koopmans on Multiple Equilibria and Coordination Failures

Author: Assous, Michaël, Carret, Vincent, Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: coordination, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models • Multiple Variables/C.C3.C31 - Cross-Sectional Models • Spatial Models • Treatment Effect Models • Quantile Regressions • Social Interaction Models, JEL: B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches/B.B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925/B.B2.B23 - Econometrics • Quantitative and Mathematical Studies, Jan Tinbergen, multiple equilibria, duopoly, JEL: B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches/B.B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals/B.B3.B31 - Individuals, J. G. Koopmans, JEL: B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches/B.B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925/B.B2.B21 - Microeconomics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: In a 1932 policy paper, the Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen suggested that there could be two stable equilibria in a model with two firms acting in two sectors, with one of the equilibria having more production and employment. Arguing on the basis of a diagram that firms could not get out of the "bad" equilibrium on their own, he suggested that this justified government interventions to increase employment. While he referred to the general equilibrium systems of Walras and Cassel, he did not present a fully worked out model but referred to the unpublished study of one J. G. Koopmans. The latter was spurred by Tinbergen's reference to publish his ideas on the problem of multiple equilibria. In his three-part paper, he underlined that a Walrasian system could not show Tinbergen's coordination problem, because there could be no unemployment at an equilibrium point in a Walrasian model. The examples he presented, with three equilibria, showed that they could not be ordered. After this exchange, Tinbergen moved away from Walrasian multiple equilibria, and abandoned the general equilibrium approach to economic modeling in favor of the macrodynamic approach that was developed at the same time by Ragnar Frisch and Michal Kalecki.
Published: 2022

40. Fingerprinting sources of beach sands by grain-size, using mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) and portable XRF. Implications for coastal recovery along a tsunami-struck delta coastline

Author: Stoil Chapkanski, Gilles Brocard, Franck Lavigne, Ella Meilianda, Nazli Ismail, Darusman Darusman, Jean-Philippe Goiran, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire et Sources des Mondes antiques (HiSoMA), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Department of Geophysics, Syiah Kuala University. (UNSYIAH), Post-Graduate School, Universitas Syiah Kuala (UNSYIAH), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

41. Improvement of Insight with Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

Author: Martin Blay, Ondine Adam, Rémy Bation, Filipe Galvao, Jérôme Brunelin, Marine Mondino, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Psychiatric Disorders, Neuroscience Research and Clinical Research (PSYR2), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and MONDINO, Marine
Subjects: illness awareness, transcranial alternating current stimulation, transcranial random-noise stimulation, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, transcranial electrical stimulation, General Medicine, Review, electroconvulsive therapy, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, neuromodulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, Medicine, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], transcranial direct current stimulation
Abstract: International audience; Patients with schizophrenia are often unaware of their condition and the consequences of their illness. This lack of insight results in impaired functioning, treatment non-adherence and poor prognosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on two forms of insight, clinical and cognitive, in patients with schizophrenia. We conducted a systematic review of the literature registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020220323) according to PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was conducted in Medline and Web of Science databases based on studies published up until October 2020 that included pre-NIBS and post-NIBS measurements of clinical and/or cognitive insight in adults with schizophrenia. A total of 14 studies were finally included, and their methodological quality was assessed by using the QualSyst tool. Despite the lack of well-conducted large randomized-controlled studies using insight as the primary outcome, the available findings provide preliminary evidence that NIBS can improve clinical insight in patients with schizophrenia, with a majority of studies using transcranial direct current stimulation with a left frontotemporal montage. Further studies should investigate the effect of NIBS on insight as a primary outcome and how these effects on insight could translate into clinical and functional benefits in patients with schizophrenia.
Published: 2022

42. IL-33 drives polyfunctionality and antitumor activity of a unique ST2+ NK cell population

Author: Treilleux, Isabelle, MICHALLET, MARIE-CECILE, Valladeau-Guilemond, Jenny, Marçais, Antoine, Walzer, Thierry, Krebs, Philippe, Cerwenka, Adelheid, Hubert, Margaux, Caux, Christophe, Bendriss-Vermare, Nathalie, Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réponse immunitaire innée dans les maladies infectieuses et auto-immunes – Innate immunity in infectious and autoimmune diseases, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Schering-Plough Laboratories for Immunological Research, and Schering Plough Laboratories
Subjects: cancer immunosurveillance, cancer immunotherapy, IL-33, ST2/IL1RL1, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, NK cells, NK cells IL-33 ST2/IL1RL1 cancer immunosurveillance cancer immunotherapy, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity
Abstract: ARTICLE EN REVISION FAVORABLE DANS SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY; Natural Killer (NK) cell subsets differ to ensure complementary and crucial roles in tumor immunosurveillance. Their biology is critically regulated by cytokines. Here, we show that IL-33 synergizes with IL-12 to strongly activate a subset of CD56 dim NK cells acquiring ST2 expression. Transcriptomic and biological analysis of human ST2 + CD56 dim NK cells revealed a distinct intermediate differentiation state between canonical CD56 bright and CD56 dim NK cells, combining high proliferative properties, cytokines/chemokines production, and cytotoxicity. NK cells expressing ST2 protein or exhibiting a ST2-linked transcriptional signature were identified in human and mouse tumors. Accordingly, IL-12 unleashes human breast tumor ST2 + NK cell potential to produce IFN-γ in response to IL-33 and IL-33/IL-12 co-injection resulted in a NK-dependent IFN- secretion and anti-tumor effects in murine mammary tumors. An IL33 hi-NK hi score in solid tumors correlated with increased progressionfree patient survival. Our findings thus identify polyfunctional ST2 + NK cells which effector functions can be harnessed by IL-33 to boost anti-tumor immunity.
Published: 2022

43. Evidence of co-infections during Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants co-circulation through prospective screening and sequencing

Author: Patricia, Combes, Maxime, Bisseux, Antonin, Bal, Pierre, Marin, Justine, Latour, Christine, Archimbaud, Amélie, Brebion, Hélène, Chabrolles, Christel, Regagnon, Jérémy, Lafolie, Gregory, Destras, Bruno, Simon, Jacques, Izopet, Laurence Josset, Cécile, Henquell, Audrey, Mirand, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Thérapie ciblée combinatoire en Onco-Hématologie (EA3846), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Service de Virologie Médicale et Moléculaire [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, 63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France, Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Virology and human respiratory Pathologies - Virology and human respiratory Pathologies (VirPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Infection Inflammation et Interaction Hôtes Pathogènes [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (3IHP ), Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier de Vichy (CH Vichy), Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires (dont la Grippe) [Lyon] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Terrasol, Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, SARS-CoV-2, Coinfection, Single nucleotide polymorphism screening, COVID-19, General Medicine, Recombination, SARS-CoV-2 co-infection, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Whole genome sequencing, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Humans, Prospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, Delta and Omicron VOC
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: To describe Delta/Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants co-infection detection and confirmation during the fifth wave of COVID-19 pandemics in France in 7 immunocompetent and epidemiologically unrelated patients.Methods: Since December 2021, the surveillance of Delta/Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) circulation was performed through prospective screening of positive-samples using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PCR assays targeting SARS-CoV-2 S-gene mutations K417N (Omicron specific) and L452R (Delta specific). Samples showing unexpected mutational profiles were further submitted to whole genome sequencing (WGS) using three different primer sets.Results: Between weeks 49-2021 and 02-2022, SARS-CoV-2 genome was detected in 3831 respiratory samples, of which 3237 (84.5%) were screened for VOC specific SNPs. Unexpected mutation profiles suggesting a dual Delta/Omicron population were observed in 7 nasopharyngeal samples (0.2%). These co-infections were confirmed by WGS. For 2 patients, the sequence analyses of longitudinal samples collected 7 to 11 days apart showed that Delta or Omicron can outcompete the other variant during dual infection. Additionally, for one of these samples, a recombination event between Delta and Omicron was detected.Conclusions: This work demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron co-infections are not rare in high virus co-circulation periods. Moreover, co-infections can further lead to genetic recombination which may generate new chimeric variants with unpredictable epidemic or pathogenic properties that could represent a serious health threat.
Published: 2022

44. Un outil d'intelligence collective : le Vrai débat

Author: Dartigues, Laurent, Robert, François, Ventresque, Vincent, Zancarini, Jean-Claude, Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Histoire des Représentations et des Idées dans les Modernités (IHRIM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Béroud, Sophie, Dufresne, Anne, Gobin, Corinne, Zune, Marc, Dartigues, Laurent, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, gilets jaunes, [SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, consultation numérique, Le Vrai débat
Abstract: International audience; "Les analyses que nous présentons ici rendent compte d’un travail collectif mené en février 2019 par des membres du laboratoire 'Triangle' en réponse à des membres de l’équipe du Vrai débat qui avait lancé le 7 février un appel aux chercheurs pour traiter de manière indépendante les données de leur consultation numérique . Utilisant le même logiciel que la plateforme du Grand débat (que la société Cap Collectif leur avait fourni gratuitement), une quinzaine de GJ venus de toute la France ont ouvert une plateforme de démocratie participative, qu’ils ont définie comme un « outil d’intelligence collective », et configurée de manière à laisser un maximum de liberté aux citoyens souhaitant s’y exprimer. "
Published: 2022

45. Artificial intelligence, ethics, and intergenerational responsibility

Author: Victor Klockmann, Marie Claire Villeval, Alicia Von Schenk, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), University of Würzburg = Universität Würzburg, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï
Subjects: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, History, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics/D.D1.D10 - General, Polymers and Plastics, jel:D62, jel:D63, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D62 - Externalities, jel:C49, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Artificial Intelligence, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights/O.O3.O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes, C91, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, Prosociality, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D64 - Altruism • Philanthropy, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior, 050207 economics, Business and International Management, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, D10, O33, 050208 finance, jel:C91, 05 social sciences, jel:D10, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Morality, Generations, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics/C.C4.C49 - Other, D62, jel:O33, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, Externalities, C49, D63
Abstract: In more and more situations, artificially intelligent algorithms have to model humans’ (social) preferences on whose behalf they increasingly make decisions. They can learn these preferences through the repeated observation of human behavior in social encounters. In such a context, do individuals adjust the selfishness or prosociality of their behavior when it is common knowledge that their actions produce various externalities through the training of an algorithm? In an online experiment, we let participants’ choices in dictator games train an algorithm. Thereby, they create an externality on future decision making of an intelligent system that affects future participants. We show that individuals who are aware of the consequences of their training on the pay- offs of a future generation behave more prosocially, but only when they bear the risk of being harmed themselves by future algorithmic choices. In that case, the externality of artificially intelligence training induces a significantly higher share of egalitarian decisions in the present.
Published: 2022

46. Adherence to opioid agonist therapy predicts uptake of direct-acting antivirals in people who use drugs: results from the French national healthcare database (the ANRS FANTASIO study)

Author: Benjamin Rolland, Caroline Lions, Vincent Di Beo, Patrizia Carrieri, Nicolas Authier, Tangui Barré, Jessica Delorme, Philippe Mathurin, François Bailly, Camelia Protopopescu, Fabienne Marcellin, Service Universitaire d’Addictologie de Lyon [CH Le Vinatier, Bron] (Pôle MOPHA - SUAL), Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Psychiatric Disorders, Neuroscience Research and Clinical Research (PSYR2), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Neuro-Dol (Neuro-Dol), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition [CHRU Lille], Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille-CHU Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service d'hépatologie et d’addictologie [GH Nord, Lyon], HCL Groupement Hospitalier Nord [Lyon], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], and Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Antiviral Agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Delivery of Health Care, Medicine (miscellaneous), Hepacivirus, MESH: Analgesics, Opioid, Antiviral Agents, Humans, MESH: Hepacivirus, Drug use, DAA, MESH: Hepatitis C, MESH: Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Hepatitis C, MESH: Male, Buprenorphine, MESH: Hepatitis C, Chronic, Analgesics, Opioid, Psychiatry and Mental health, Female, Delivery of Health Care, MESH: Female, Methadone
Abstract: Background Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is associated with reduced injection, reduced HCV transmission, and more opportunities to initiate hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in people who use drugs (PWUD). We aimed to study the extent to which adherence to OAT was predictive of increased uptake of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in PWUD with chronic HCV infection. Methods Using the French national healthcare system database, we targeted PWUD (i.e. with a history of OAT) who had chronic HCV infection and were eligible for DAA during 2014–2016. Adherence to OAT was computed as a time-varying variable expressing the proportion of days covered by OAT receipt, over any six-month interval before DAA receipt. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the association between adherence to OAT and the rate of DAA uptake after adjustment for age, sex, alcohol use disorder, socioeconomic status, and liver disease severity. Results Among the 22,615 persons included in the ANRS FANTASIO study, 3438 (15.2%) initiated DAA during the study period. After multivariable adjustment, adherence to OAT was associated with a higher rate of DAA initiation. However, this association was not linear, and only individuals on OAT for 20% or more of the time in the previous six-month period had a higher rate of DAA initiation (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.28 [1.18–1.38]). Other variables associated with DAA initiation were male sex, older age, cirrhosis or liver cancer, and higher socioeconomic status. Conclusions Adherence to OAT is a major predictor of DAA initiation in PWUD living with chronic HCV infection in France. Our results also suggest that even moderate adherence to OAT can facilitate DAA uptake. Adequate HCV training for OAT prescribers together with interventions to ensure adherence to OAT will help improve DAA initiation rates and reach HCV elimination goals.
Published: 2022

47. Les décideurs publics doivent pouvoir enclencher les progrès nécessaires en soulevant l’adhésion plus que la fronde

Author: Bargain, Olivier, Gabuthy, Yannick, Masclet, David, Villeval, Marie Claire, Willinger, Marc, Wittwer, Jérôme, Laboratoire d'analyse et de recherche en économie et finance internationales (Larefi), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations (CIRANO), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and GARNIER, Laurent
Subjects: [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Six chercheurs appellent les pouvoirs publics à tenir compte des acquis des sciences sociales pour mieux comprendre et anticiper les effets de leurs choix politiques sur les comportements des citoyens.
Published: 2022

48. Lessons from the pandemic: Responding to emerging zoonotic viral diseases-a Keystone Symposia report

Author: Jennifer Cable, Anthony Fauci, William E. Dowling, Stephan Günther, Dennis A. Bente, Pragya Dhruv Yadav, Lawrence C. Madoff, Lin‐Fa Wang, Rahul K. Arora, Maria Van Kerkhove, May C. Chu, Thomas Jaenisch, Jonathan H. Epstein, Simon David William Frost, Daniel G. Bausch, Lisa E. Hensley, Éric Bergeron, Ioannis Sitaras, Michael D. Gunn, Thomas W. Geisbert, César Muñoz‐Fontela, Florian Krammer, Emmie de Wit, Pontus Nordenfelt, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Sarah C. Gilbert, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Luis M. Branco, Sylvain Baize, Neeltje van Doremalen, Marco A. Krieger, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Renske Hesselink, Dan Hartman, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [Oslo] (CEPI), Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), National Institute of Virology - National Influenza Center [Pune, India] (NIV), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], University of Calgary, University of Oxford, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], EcoHealth Alliance [New York], Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), PREVAIL, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Duke University [Durham], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Lund University [Lund], La Jolla Institute for Immunology [La Jolla, CA, États-Unis], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Zalgen Labs, Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Fiocruz Paraná - Instituto Carlos Chagas / Carlos Chagas Institute [Curitiba, Brésil] (ICC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [Seattle], R.K.A. and M.V.K. presented work funded by the WHO Solidarity Response Fund and the German Federal Ministry of Health COVID-19 Research and Development. R.K.A. would also like to thank the following additional funders of SeroTracker's SARS-CoV-2 evidence synthesis efforts: the Public Health Agency of Canada through Canada's COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, the Robert Koch Institute, and the Canadian Medical Association Joule Innovation Fund. M.V.K. is employed by the WHO, and the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policies, or views of WHO. E.d.W. and N.v.D. are supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIAID, NIH.
Subjects: Ebola virus, History and Philosophy of Science, General Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Nipah virus, vaccines, zoonotic diseases, infectious diseases, Lassa virus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: International audience; The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world largely unprepared, including scientific and policy communities. On April 10-13, 2022, researchers across academia, industry, government, and nonprofit organizations met at the Keystone symposium "Lessons from the Pandemic: Responding to Emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases" to discuss the successes and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and what lessons can be applied moving forward. Speakers focused on experiences not only from the COVID-19 pandemic but also from outbreaks of other pathogens, including the Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and Nipah virus. A general consensus was that investments made during the COVID-19 pandemic in infrastructure, collaborations, laboratory and manufacturing capacity, diagnostics, clinical trial networks, and regulatory enhancements-notably, in low-to-middle income countries-must be maintained and strengthened to enable quick, concerted responses to future threats, especially to zoonotic pathogens.
Published: 2022

49. The Needs, Use and Expectations of People Bereaved by Suicide Regarding Online Resources: An Online Survey

Author: Edouard Leaune, Héloïse Rouzé, Laurène Lestienne, Kushtrim Bislimi, Benoit Chalancon, Margot Morgiève, Pierre Grandgenèvre, Guillaume Vaiva, Nathalie Laplace, Emmanuel Poulet, Julie Haesebaert, Université de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations (ICAR), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d'Exploration en psychiatrie [Lille] (CURE), Clinique de Psychiatrie [Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience [Lille] (CN2R), Centre pour l'innovation en cancérologie de Lyon (CICLY), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Psychiatric Disorders, Neuroscience Research and Clinical Research (PSYR2), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)
Subjects: Male, Motivation, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, bereavement, online resource, Middle Aged, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, suicide, survey, Humans, Female, Child
Abstract: International audience; Background: Online resources constitute a new and effective way to obtain support or information during bereavement processes. However, little is known about the needs, use and expectations of people bereaved by suicide regarding online resources. Method: The objective of our national cross-sectional online survey was to collect the use, needs and expectations of people bereaved by suicide regarding online resources. The data were collected from July to October 2021 through a 26-item online questionnaire hosted on the website LimeSurvey. Results: A total of 401 respondents fully completed the questionnaire. Their mean age was 45.7. The majority of participants were women bereaved by the suicide of their child or partner. Half of the participants were bereaved for less than 3 years and benefited from counselling during their bereavement process. Three-quarters of the participants used the Internet for their bereavement process, mainly to obtain information on suicide bereavement and suicide prevention and to access testimonies of other people bereaved by suicide. Three-quarters of the participants found that available online resources for people bereaved by suicide are insufficient and expected a dedicated web platform to be developed. Finding information on suicide bereavement and on suicide prevention, discussing with a mental health professional and accessing testimonies of other people bereaved by suicide were expected by a majority of the participants regarding the future platform. Receiving counselling and being bereaved by the death of a child were the most important factors in explaining patterns of use and expectations regarding online resources. Discussion: Our results offer precise insights into the needs, use and expectations of people bereaved by suicide regarding online resources. The development of web platforms offering access to reliable information on suicide bereavement and on suicide prevention to peers bereaved by suicide and help to seek counselling are urgently needed.
Published: 2022

50. La construction négociée de l’accueil des migrants par les municipalités

Author: Anouk Flamant, Thomas Lacroix, Groupe de recherche sur le handicap, l’accessibilité, les pratiques éducatives et scolaires (EA 7287 Grhapes) (Grhapes), Institut national supérieur de formation et de recherche pour l'éducation des jeunes handicapés et les enseignements adaptés (INSHEA), Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Maroc, Italie, municipalité, accueil, 8. Economic growth, politique locale, Royaume-Uni, intégration, France, General Medicine, 10. No inequality, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract: International audience; Bien que le rôle des villes dans l’accueil et l’intégration des migrants soit une constante dans l’histoire des migrations, celui-ci fait l’objet d’une attention croissante parmi les spécialistes des migrations. Le désengagement relatif des États sur cette question a laissé un vide comblé par l’activisme des municipalités. Le présent article, qui introduit le dossier sur les villes accueillantes en Europe, revient sur cette évolution récente. Il présente à grand traits cette nouvelle géographie de l’accueil et les rapports ambigus qu’entretiennent, entre eux, les acteurs locaux et nationaux. Bien que les politiques d’immigration, toujours plus drastiques, contrastent avec l’ouverture libérale affichée par les municipalités, les travaux académiques démontrent une dépendance de fait entre les différents niveaux d’action publique. L’article revient également sur une figure émergente des politiques d’intégration locale, à savoir ces maires charismatiques qui, à travers leurs revendications militantes pour une politique migratoire alternative, construisent un agenda à la fois local et international.
Published: 2021

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