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Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin,1 Ashabul Islam,1 Maha Sultana Jabin,1 Tahmina Alam,2 Salwa Khair,1 Jannatul Ferdous,1 Rumana Nasrin,1 S M Mazidur Rahman,1 Stephane Pouzol,3 Jonathan Hoffmann,3 Sayera Banu1 1Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2Nutrition Research Division, Icddr,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 3Scientific and Medical Department, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, FranceCorrespondence: Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin, Email kmuddin@icddrb.orgBackground: Around one-quarter of the global population has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). If left untreated, LTBI has 5– 10% lifetime risk of developing into TB. Interferon-gamma release Assays (IGRAs) are more sensitive than the tuberculin skin test for LTBI detection. However, the high cost and complexity of IGRAs are barriers to adoption in resource-constrained settings. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a more affordable IGRA, Standard E TB-Feron (TBE), among different risk groups in Bangladesh.Methods: 532 participants of all age groups were enrolled from the TB Screening and Treatment Centers and Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b between June and September 2023. The participants were categorized into four risk groups: healthy people, healthcare workers/ attendants of TB patients, patients with microbiologically confirmed TB, and people with a history of TB. The diagnostic performance of TBE was compared to QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) for all groups. GeneXpert, culture, and microscopy were used to confirm TB microbiologically.Results: TBE had an overall agreement of 85.9% (95% CI, 82.5% to 88.7%), positive percent agreement of 86.1% (95% CI, 80.6% to 90.5%), and negative percent agreement of 85.7% (95% CI, 81.3% − 89.4%) with QFT-Plus. Among 81 culture-positive patients, TBE and QFT-Plus were positive for 60 (74.1%) and 62 (76.5%) respectively. Among healthy people, TBE and QFT results were positive for 49 (24.5%) and 59 (29.5%) respectively. Among health workers and contacts, TBE and QFT-Plus were positive for 79 (39.5%) and 73 (35.5%) respectively.Conclusion: We found a substantial agreement (Cohen’s kappa of 0.71) between TBE and QFT-Plus in detecting LTBI across different groups, suggesting its potential as a cost-effective diagnostic tool. Implementation of TBE in routine clinical practice could increase accessibility to LTBI diagnosis, facilitating the timely initiation of preventative therapy, and leading to a reduction of active TB incidence.Keywords: latent tuberculosis infection, interferon-gamma release assay, Standard E TB-Feron ELISA, QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus

Polyurethane/hydroxyapatite (PU/HA) composites are well-known for various biomedical applications. This study reports a chemical approach to improve the interaction between HA and PU matrix. HA was surface-modified with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). First, an isocyanate-modified HA (IHA) was synthesized by hydro-thermal method. Second, IHA was incorporated into a separately synthesized thermoplastic PU by a solvent casting technique. A series of PU/IHA composites was prepared by varying PU᾿s soft and hard segments. The IHA was added to PU (5 and 10 %). The FTIR spectra exhibited characteristic bands of urethane and HA, confirming the synthesis of the composites. XRD study showed the crystallite size of IHA (20 Å) with hexagonal geometry and an amorphous to semicrystalline nature of composites. SEM showed that composites displayed porous and granular morphology. The TGA thermograms of the composites revealed the thermal stability up to 400 °C. The IHA addition considerably improved hydrophilicity and degradation of the composites in simulated body fluid (SBF). MTT assay revealed improved cytocompatibility (> 80 %) of the composites. These results demonstrated an appreciable improvement in structure, morphology, hydrophilicity, degradation, and cytocompatibility of PU/IHA composites by chemical modification of HA. Hence, these composites possess remarkable potential for biomedical applications such as tissue regeneration.

Sustainable infrastructural development is vital for both developed and developing countries. The primary concern in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements is related to damages caused by moisture. This research makes efforts to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of a dense-graded surface HMA mixture using simple performance tests (SPTs) and Superpave indirect tensile tests (IDTs). Coating of fines (dust) on the aggregate can prevent the asphalt binder from bonding directly to the surface of the aggregate. Therefore, SPT and IDT have been performed by varying the proportion of fines (3%, 6%, and 9%) in the mix. For each proportion of fines, the optimum asphalt content was determined and used for further preparation of test specimens. The addition of hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2] to asphalt mixtures improved the adhesive bond between aggregate and bitumen, as well as reduced the occurrence of stripping. In addition, when aggregates coated with clays, hydrated lime with a pozzolanic ally to remove those deleterious materials. The amount of antistripping agent incorporated was 1.5% by weight of dry aggregate, a proportion commonly used in the industry for such applications. Standard Marshall Mix design procedure was employed to design the asphalt mixtures. The laboratory investigation and subsequent statistical analysis were conducted using Minitab-15 software, which yielded significant insights into the effectiveness of hydrated lime as an antistripping additive in asphalt concrete mixtures. The findings indicate that incorporating hydrated lime substantially facilitates mitigating moisture-induced stripping in asphalt mixtures.

The present study was conducted from February, 2023 to July, 2023 at Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana (500007), India. Which involves two chickpea genotypes IC265291 (V1) and IC265298 (V2) which were obtained from NBPGR, New Delhi. The aim of the study is effect of different concentrations of EMS (Ethyl Methyl Sulfonate) on the yield parameters of chickpea plants in M3 generation. Uniform and and healthy seeds were selected and they were treated with various concentrations (0.1%, to 0.6%) of EMS. The EMS-treated seeds were sown in the field at CPMB (Centre for Plant Molecular Biology), Osmania University, Hyderabad. Various Quantitative traits in the M3 generation were studied. From the ANOVA results, it is evident that the difference in the mean values is highly significant due to the treatment of all the characters which indicates that there is an ample genetic variability in the genotypes. In between (IC265291 & IC265298) the genotypes in consideration, the yield parameters were shown higher by the genotype IC265298 than IC265291in M3 generation and from the data it is also evident that, as the concentration of EMS is increased, the mean values of yield parameters increased initially but further increase in the EMS concentration leads to decrease in the mean values of quantitative characters. It has been observed that the 0.2% EMS-treated seeds and 0.3% EMS-treated seeds showed the highest mean values for considered quantitative traits in M3 generation. These identified mutants may be used further in crop improvement programmes of chickpeas.

Mohammad Borhan Uddin,1 Mark M Banaszak Holl,2,3 Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury4,5 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; 3Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; 4Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia; 5Nanoflex LLC, Leesburg, FL, 34748, USACorrespondence: Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury, Tel +1 352 409 2283, Email chowdhury@nanoflex-usa.com; Mohammad Borhan Uddin, Tel +880-1974276229, Email mohammad.uddin@northsouth.eduIntroduction: Dysregulated calcium homeostasis and consequentially aberrant Ca2+ signalling could enhance survival, proliferation and metastasis in various cancers. Despite rapid development in exploring the ion channel functions in relation to cancer, most of the mechanisms accounting for the impact of ion channel modulators have yet to be fully clarified. Although harnessing small interfering RNA (siRNA) to specifically silence gene expression has the potential to be a pivotal approach, its success in therapeutic intervention is dependent on an efficient delivery system. Nanoparticles have the capacity to strongly bind siRNAs. They remain in the circulation and eventually deliver the siRNA payload to the target organ. Afterward, they interact with the cell surface and enter the cell via endocytosis. Finally, they help escape the endo-lysosomal degradation system prior to unload the siRNAs into cytosol. Carbonate apatite (CA) nanocrystals primarily is composed of Ca2+, carbonate and phosphate. CA possesses both anion and cation binding domains to target negatively charged siRNA molecules.Methods: Hybrid CA was synthesized by complexing CA NPs with a hydrophilic polysaccharide – hyaluronic acid (HA). The average diameter of the composite particles was determined using Zetasizer and FE-SEM and their zeta potential values were also measured.Results and Discussion: The stronger binding affinity and cellular uptake of a fluorescent siRNA were observed for HA-CA NPs as compared to plain CA NPs. Hybrid CA was electrostatically bound individually and combined with three different siRNAs to silence expression of calcium ion channel and transporter genes, TRPC6, TRPM8 and SLC41A1 in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and evaluate their potential for treating breast cancer. Hybrid NPs carrying TRPC6, TRPM8 and SLC41A1 siRNAs could significantly enhance cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. The resultant composite CA influenced biodistribution of the delivered siRNA, facilitating reduced off target distribution and enhanced breast tumor targetability.Keywords: carbonate apatite, nanoparticles, siRNA, breast cancer, cytotoxicity, hyaluronic acid, calcium ion channel, transporter genes, TRPC6, TRPM8, SLC41A1

Efforts to increase the number of filters are driven by the demand for miniaturized spectrometers and multispectral imaging. However, processes that rely on sequential fabrication of each filter are cost ineffective. Herein, we introduce an approach to produce at least 16 distinct filters based on a single low-resolution lithographic step with minimum feature size of 0.6 μm. Distinct from grayscale lithography, we employ standard binary lithography but achieve height variations in polymeric resist through a post-development reflow process. The resulting transparent polymeric films were incorporated in Fabry–Perot cavity structures with cavity thickness ranging from 90 to 230 nm to produce transmittance across the visible spectrum. This binary lithography and reflow (BLR) process demonstrates control of the dielectric layer thickness down to ∼15 nm. This new process provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional techniques in fabricating microscopic transmission filters, and other applications where precise thickness variation across the substrate is required.

This study assessed the technical and scale efficiency of tilapia farmers in Bangladesh with a focus on identifying key factors influencing their efficiency levels. Data from 199 randomly selected tilapia farmers were analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), followed by a Tobit regression model to determine the key variables affecting efficiency. The results revealed a mean TE of 0.77 under CRS, 0.83 under VRS, and a mean SE of 0.92, indicating that most inefficiencies were technical rather than scale-related issues. The study also identified farming training, credit access, and years of experience had a positive effect on TE, while adverse climatic conditions negatively impacted efficiency. The findings emphasize the importance of mitigating climate impacts and improving resource management to enhance efficiency. Expanding credit access, improving training programs, and taking initiatives for mitigating climate impacts could significantly improve the efficiency and long-term viability of tilapia production in the region.

The aim is to utilize a new metric called an MvbM_{\rm{v}}^{\rm{b}}–metric which is an improvement and generalization of Mv−metric to revisit the celebrated Banach and Sehgal contractions in MvbM_{\rm{v}}^{\rm{b}}–metric space. We demonstrate that the collection of open balls forms a basis on MvbM_{\rm{v}}^{\rm{b}}-metric space. Further, we give some examples for the verification of established results. Towards the end, we solve a non-linear matrix equation and an equation of rotation of a hanging cable to substantiate the utility of these extensions.

Syed Omair Adil,1,2 Fareed Uddin,3 Kamarul Imran Musa,1 Asima Khan,4 Areebah Shakeel,5 Kashif Shafique,2 Md Asiful Islam6 1Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, 16150, Malaysia; 2School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan; 3National Institute of Diabetes & Endocrinology, DUHS, Karachi, Pakistan; 4Public Health Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Karachi, Pakistan; 5Department of Research, Children Hospital Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; 6WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UKCorrespondence: Md Asiful Islam, WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK, Email m.a.islam@bham.ac.uk Syed Omair Adil, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Email omair.adil@student.usm.myPurpose: The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. In this study, CVD risk was calculated among individuals with newly diagnosed MetS using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Globorisk Score. The FRS and Globorisk score are particularly relevant in predicting CVD risk as these scores include key MetS-related risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and age.Patients and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at various sites in Karachi, Pakistan, from February 2022 to August 2022. Newly diagnosed cases of MetS with no physical disability, known illness, and not taking any regular medication were recruited. MetS was defined based on the definition of International Diabetes Federation. The major outcome was 10-year risk for CVD using the FRS and Globorisk Score.Results: Of 304 patients, 59.2% were classified as low risk according to FRS, while 20.4% were classified as moderate and high risk each. Using the Globorisk score, 44.6% of 224 patients were classified as low risk, 34.4% as moderate risk, and 21.0% as high risk. A moderate positive correlation was observed between the two CVD risk scores (r = 0.651, 95% CI 0.58– 0.71). Both risk scores have reported age, gender, and current smokers as significant risk factors in predicting CVD in 10-years (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The outcome of both CVD risk scores predicted moderate-to-high risk of CVD in 10-years in almost half of the newly diagnosed patients with MetS. In particular, the risk of development of CVD in 10-years in newly diagnosed MetS is higher with increasing age, in male gender, and current smokers.&#x00A0Keywords: cardiometabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, cardiac events

Nan Su,1,2 Lili Zhi,3 Fengxia Liu,4 Yongsheng Wang,5 Qingling Zhang,6 Xiansheng Liu,7 Xueyan Wang,8 Guodong Hao,9 Xiuqin Zhang,10 Qiang Hu,11 Monica Ligueros-Saylan,12 Alkaz Uddin,13 Jing Yang,14 Tiantian Liang,15 Liju Ding,16 Runqin Li,17 Chen Wang1,2,18– 21 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China- Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2National Center of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Allergy, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 8Allergy Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 9Department of Allergy, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 10Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 11Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Panzhihua Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 12Respiratory Clinical/Medical 2, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA; 13Analytics - Global Health DU, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA; 14Neuroscience & Respiratory Development Unit, Beijing Novartis Pharma. Co. Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 15Respiratory Clinical Development, China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 16GCTM-Group-2, China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 17New Products, Beijing Novartis Pharma. Co. Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 18National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 19Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 20Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 21Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chen Wang, China- Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10-6510 5565, Fax +86 10-6510 5567, Email wangchen@pumc.edu.cnPurpose: Omalizumab was first approved in China in 2017 for the treatment of moderate to severe allergic asthma for adult and adolescent patients aged ≥ 12 years. In accordance with the Chinese Health Authority requirement, the post-authorization safety study (PASS) was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of omalizumab in a real-world setting in patients with moderate to severe allergic asthma in China over a 24-week observation period.Patients and Methods: This is a single-arm, non-interventional, multicenter, PASS conducted in adult, adolescent, and pediatric patients (≥ 6 years old) with moderate to severe allergic asthma receiving omalizumab in a real-world clinical setting from 2020 to 2021 in 59 sites of mainland China.Results: In total, 1546 patients were screened and 1528 were enrolled. They were stratified according to age (6 to < 12 years [n = 191]; ≥ 12 years [n = 1336]; unknown [n = 1]). Among the overall population, 23.6% and 4.5% of patients reported adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs), respectively. Among pediatric patients (6 to < 12 years), 14.1% and 1.6% patients reported AEs and SAEs, respectively. AEs that led to treatment discontinuation in both age groups were < 2%. No new safety signals were reported. Effectiveness results showed improvement in lung function, asthma control, and quality of life (QoL).Conclusion: The findings of the current study demonstrated that the safety profile of omalizumab was consistent with its known profile in allergic asthma, and no new safety signals were reported. Omalizumab treatment was effective in improving the lung function and QoL in patients with allergic asthma.Keywords: adverse drug events, allergic asthma, safety, effectiveness, omalizumab

In this research work, we proposed a Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM) for the numerical solution of first- and second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations. The time derivative in the governing equations is approximated by a finite difference. The nonlinear hyperbolic equation is converted into its full algebraic form once the space derivatives are replaced by the finite Haar series. Convergence analysis is performed both in space and time, where the computational results follow the theoretical statements of convergence. Many test problems with different nonlinear terms are presented to verify the accuracy, capability, and convergence of the proposed method for the first- and second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations.

Hissa N Alsuwaidi,&ast; Ashraf I Ahmed,&ast; Hamad A Alkorbi, Sara M Ali, Lina N Altarawneh, Shooq I Uddin, Sara R Roueentan, Asmaa A Alhitmi, Laiche Djouhri, Tawanda Chivese College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tawanda Chivese, College of Medicine, Qatar University, PO BOX, Doha, 2713, Qatar, Email tchivese@qu.edu.qaAim: We investigated whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a decline in cognitive function in a cohort of middle-aged and elderly individuals without known cognitive dysfunction diseases in Qatar.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on randomly selected participants aged 40– 80 years from the Qatar Biobank, with data on cognitive tests and MetS components. Participants with a history of dementia, stroke, or mental disorders were excluded. MetS was diagnosed using the NCEP-ATP III criteria and cognitive performance was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Two cognitive function domains were assessed. These are speed of reaction, measured using the Reaction Time (RT), and short-term visual memory, measured using the Paired Associate Learning (PAL) test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine associations between MetS and poor speed of reaction and poor memory performance.Results: The mean age of the participants included was 49.8 years (SD 6.7). Of these, 51.9% were females and 88.0% were of Qatari nationality. Most of the 1000 participants had MetS (n=302) or 1– 2 MetS components (n=523), whereas only 170 had no MetS components. There was a strong association between MetS and poor memory performance (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.04– 2.96, P=0.034), but a weaker association with poor speed of reaction (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.89– 2.50, P=0.125).Conclusion: In middle-aged and elderly individuals, MetS was strongly associated with diminished short-term visual memory, psychomotor coordination and motor speed.Keywords: metabolic syndrome, cognitive dysfunction, Middle East and North Africa

The untreated and sodium chlorite-treated coconut coir was implemented to remove crystal violet (CV) dye from an aqueous solution by batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption capacity, equilibrium time, and adsorption kinetics of CV on both adsorbents were regulated by the pH of the dye solution. High pH favors the comparative adsorption capacity for both adsorbents. In contrast, the untreated coconut coir (UT-CC) shows higher adsorption efficiency (9.61 mg g-1) than sodium chlorite-treated coconut coir (SCT-CC) at low pH. At lower pH (2.00), the equilibrium was established within 60 min by both adsorbents. However, the quick attainment of the equilibrium (30 min) was observed using both the adsorbents at higher pH (8.00). The isotherm data for both the adsorbents was found to have better agreement with the Freundlich than the Langmuir model at pH 8.00. The kinetic data was well-fitted with Ho’s pseudo-second-order model. Both adsorbents were characterized by FTIR and SEM to get evidence for the proposed adsorption mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) also supports this result which illustrates the adsorption of CV on lignin of CC with the adsorption energy -51.16 kJ/mol at the B3LYP/6-31(d,p) level of theory.

The motive of this article is to study a modified iteration scheme for monotone nonexpansive mappings in the class of uniformly convex Banach space and establish some convergence results. We obtain weak and strong convergence results. In addition, we present a nontrivial numerical example to show the convergence of our iteration scheme. To demonstrate the utility of our scheme, we discuss the solution of nonlinear integral equations as an application, which is again supported by a nontrivial example.

In this study, Chenopodium murale Linn. extracts have been evaluated for its in vitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and in vivo neuropharmacological properties in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in rat model. First, the plant was subjected to extraction and fractionation, then quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed to estimate the major phytochemical groups in the extract where high amounts of phenolics and saponins were detected in crude and chloroform extract. The highest total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and total tannin content were also recorded in crude extract and chloroform fraction. The in vitro antioxidant potential of chloroform fraction was high with IC50 value of 41.78 and 67.33 μg/mL against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively, followed by ethyl acetate fraction. The chloroform fraction (ChMu-Chf) also exhibited potent activity against glucosidase with IC50 of 89.72 ± 0.88 μg/mL followed by ethyl acetate extract (ChMu-Et; IC50 of 140.20 ± 0.98 μg/mL). ChMu-Chf again exhibited potent activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 of 68.91 ± 0.87 μg/mL followed by ChMu-Et with IC50 of 78.57 ± 0.95 μg/mL. In vivo memory impairment was assessed using the novel object discrimination task, Y-maze, and passive avoidance task. Ex vivo antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers like catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, and glutathione were quantified, and the AChE activity was also determined in the rat brain. No significant differences were observed amongst all the groups treated with crude, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in comparison with positive control donepezil group in connection to initial latency; whereas, the STZ diabetic group displayed a significant fall in recall and retention capability. The blood glucose level was more potently lowered by chloroform extract. The crude extract also increased the SOD level significantly in the brain of the treated rat by 8.01 ± 0.51 and 8.19 ± 0.39 units/mg at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.01, n = 6), whereas the chloroform extract increased the SOD level to 9.41 ± 0.40 and 9.72 ± 0.51 units/mg, respectively, at 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight as compared to STZ group. The acetylcholine level was also elevated to greater extent by chloroform fraction that might contain a potential inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Treatment with C. murale ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in behavioral study, and provided significant defense from neuronal oxidative stress in the brain of the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus C. murale Linn. could be an inspiring plant resource that needs to be further investigated for isolation of potential compounds in pure form and their evaluation as a potent neuropharmacological drug.

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disorder that affects about 125 million people worldwide. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to develop inflammatory arthritis, cardiometabolic disease, and mental health issues. Psoriasis remains incurable and recurrent despite the availability of contemporary treatments. Unani (Greco-Arabic) medicine has its unique concept of psoriasis; numerous treatments and formulations are prescribed by renowned Unani scholars.

Gene therapy using adenoviruses has shown tremendous promise in animal and human models in the past. The tumor responses achieved by these viruses were either because of their oncolytic properties or therapeutic genes expressed from the genome of the virus. We have previously shown enhanced viral replication in cell models that have lost or lower expression of the cyclin dependent kinases inhibitor (p21/Waf-1). Beside the early onset of many viral genes in the p21/Waf-1 knock out cell model, we observed a significantly higher copy number for the viral VA1 but non VA2 non-coding RNA transcripts. In this study we investigated the effect of adenoviral VA1 non-coding RNA on the landscape of cellular proteins.

Integrated photonic circuits are created as a stable and small form factor analogue of fiber-based optical systems, from wavelength-division multiplication transceivers to more recent mode-division multiplexing components. Silicon nanowire waveguides guide the light in a way that single and few mode fibers define the direction of signal flow. Beyond communication tasks, on-chip cascaded interferometers and photonic meshes are also sought for optical computing and advanced signal processing technology. Here we review an alternative way of defining the light flow in the integrated photonic platform, using arrays of subwavelength meta-atoms or metalines for guiding the diffraction and interference of light. The integrated metasurface system mimics free-space optics, where on-chip analogues of basic optical components are developed with foundry compatible geometry, such as low-loss lens, spatial-light modulator, and other wavefront shapers. We discuss the role of metasurface in integrated photonic signal processing systems, introduce the design principles of such metasurface systems for low loss compact mode conversion, mathematical operation, diffractive optical systems for hyperspectral imaging, and tuning schemes of metasurface systems. Then we perceive reconfigurability schemes for metasurface framework, toward optical neural networks and analog photonic accelerators.

The solar power plant is a rapidly growing renewable energy source that has a potential role in reducing climate change and replacing fossil fuels. Estimation of the power generated by a solar power plant is required to determine the energy supply. Unfortunately, the solar power generated is highly uncertain due to highly dependence to nature, such as solar radiation and weather. This makes the estimation of solar power generation to be very difficult. This study presents a development of machine learning to model a solar power plant for estimating the generated power. The machine learning is developed by implementing the k-NN algorithm. A data set of power generated in a solar power plant is applied to build the machine learning. The development resulted in a machine learning that models the solar power plant. Simulation test result show the machine learning was able to estimate the solar power generated with an accuracy of 69.6%. The developed model is very useful to estimate potential of solar power resource in a region. The developed model is very useful in feasibility studies to estimate the potential of solar power resources in an area.

Bioremediation is term define to utilise different living organisms for reducing the toxic impacts of contaminants. There are numerous of contaminants in the environment with their persistence and bioaccumulation abilities. These contaminants involved heavy metals, dye disposals, petroleum wastes, oil spills etc. Enzymes are biocatalysts that are responsible for hydrolysing a particular reaction in a specific cell of living organisms. Enzymes have been serving in various sectors for several years’ industries like pharmaceuticals, food, detergent, leather, paper, fabric, and many more. Despite various applications of biological or microbial enzymes, they are comparatively cheaper, stable, and reusable than chemical catalysts. Therefore enzyme-based reactions are preferable to chemical reactions in almost every industry. Proteases, amylases, and lipases are prioritized in the list of industrial enzymes cellulases. Microbial enzymes are attractive to researchers because of their high yield in comparison to chemical reactions. Enzyme applications are not restricted to industrial benefits but they are more eco-friendly than other chemical biocatalysts for example enzymes can reduce dye contaminants from the environment. Over chemical reactions, enzymes are the most suited replaceable candidate due to their agricultural significance. Hence this study will be involved in the comparison of biological catalysts so Enzymes are better options instead of chemical components. Therefore, in this review we will discuss different approach for the degradation for various contaminants with microbes.

With the proliferation of surveillance cameras, managing and analyzing vast amounts of video data have become challenging. This paper introduces a sustainable automated approach to detect abnormal events in surveillance footage. Leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and deep learning techniques, our system identifies unusual activities by analyzing video frames. By automating this process, we reduce the burden of manual monitoring and enable timely responses to security threats. This sustainable solution has broad applications in public safety, security, and crime prevention.

Abstract Background Neuronal-origin HuD (ELAVL4) is an RNA binding protein overexpressed in neuroblastoma (NB) and certain other cancers. The RNA targets of this RNA binding protein in neuroblastoma cells and their role in promoting cancer survival have been unexplored. In the study of modulators of mTORC1 activity under the conditions of optimal cell growth and starvation, the role of HuD and its two substrates were studied. Methods RNA immunoprecipitation/sequencing (RIP-SEQ) coupled with quantitative real-time PCR were used to identify substrates of HuD in NB cells. Validation of the two RNA targets of HuD was via reverse capture of HuD by synthetic RNA oligoes from cell lysates and binding of RNA to recombinant forms of HuD in the cell and outside of the cell. Further analysis was via RNA transcriptome analysis of HuD silencing in the test cells. Results In response to stress, HuD was found to dampen mTORC1 activity and allow the cell to upregulate its autophagy levels by suppressing mTORC1 activity. Among mRNA substrates regulated cell-wide by HuD, GRB-10 and ARL6IP1 were found to carry out critical functions for survival of the cells under stress. GRB-10 was involved in blocking mTORC1 activity by disrupting Raptor-mTOR kinase interaction. Reduced mTORC1 activity allowed lifting of autophagy levels in the cells required for increased survival. In addition, ARL6IP1, an apoptotic regulator in the ER membrane, was found to promote cell survival by negative regulation of apoptosis. As a therapeutic target, knockdown of HuD in two xenograft models of NB led to a block in tumor growth, confirming its importance for viability of the tumor cells. Cell-wide RNA messages of these two HuD substrates and HuD and mTORC1 marker of activity significantly correlated in NB patient populations and in mouse xenografts. Conclusions HuD is seen as a novel means of promoting stress survival in this cancer type by downregulating mTORC1 activity and negatively regulating apoptosis.

Md Abul Kalam,1 Shahanaj Shano,2,3 Sharmin Afrose,4 Md Nasir Uddin,2 Nafis Rahman,5 Faruk Ahmed Jalal,6 Samira Akter,7 Ariful Islam,3,8 Md Mujibul Anam,7 Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan9 1Bangladesh Country Office, Helen Keller International, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh; 2Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh; 3EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA; 4World Food Programme, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh; 5Department of Public Health, American International University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh; 6Handicap International - Humanity & Inclusion, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh; 7Department of Anthropology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1243, Bangladesh; 8Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong Campus, Warrnambool, VIC, 3216, Australia; 9Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Science University, Chattogram, 4225, BangladeshCorrespondence: Md Abul KalamHelen Keller International, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh, Tel +8801912408148, Email a.kalam724@gmail.comIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is thought to have led to increased “inappropriate” or “unjustified” seeking and consumption of antibiotics by individuals in the community. However, little reference has been made to antibiotic seeking and using behaviors from the perspectives of users in Bangladesh during this health crisis.Purpose: This study seeks to document how antibiotic medicines are sought and used during a complex health crisis, and, within different contexts, what are the nuanced reasons why patients may utilize these medicines sub-optimally.Methods: We used an exploratory, qualitative design. Forty semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with people diagnosed with COVID-19 (n=20), who had symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 (n=20), and who had received care at home in two cities between May and June 2021 in Bangladesh. In this study, an inductive thematic analysis was performed.Results: The analysis highlighted the interlinked relationships of antibiotic seeking and consumption behaviors with the diversity of information disseminated during a health crisis. Antibiotic-seeking behaviors are related to previous experience of use, perceived severity of illness, perceived vulnerability, risk of infection, management of an “unknown” illness and anxiety, distrust of expert advice, and intrinsic agency on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Suboptimal adherence, such as modifying treatment regimes and using medication prescribed for others, were found to be part of care strategies used when proven therapeutics were unavailable to treat COVID-19. Early cessation of therapy was found to be a rational practice to avoid side effects and unknown risks.Conclusion: Based on the results, we highly recommend the take up of a pandemic specific antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program in the community. To deliver better outcomes of AMS, incorporating users’ perspectives could be a critical strategy. Therefore, a co-produced AMS intervention that is appropriate for a specific cultural context is an essential requirement to reduce the overuse of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.Keywords: COVID-19, antimicrobial resistance, consumption behavior, antimicrobial stewardships, community engagement, Bangladesh