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Bewunetu Zewude,1 Tewodros Habtegiorgis,1 Ashenafi Hizkeal,1 Tamirat Dela,2 Getahun Siraw3 1Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia; 2Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia; 3Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Dilla University, Dilla town, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Bewunetu Zewude Email bewunetuzewude@gmail.comBackground: We examined the perceptions of healthcare workers about the side-effects of COVID-19 vaccine and the types of side-effects they experienced in the post-vaccination period.Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey research design was used in which a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to collect quantitative data from healthcare workers in Southern Ethiopia that were selected on the basis of a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. After inserting the completed cases into SPSS software, descriptive statistical techniques, such as frequencies, percentages, charts and inferential statistical tool, particularly binary logistic regression analysis, were used to analyze and present the data.Results: Majority (43.6%) of respondents perceive that COVID-19 vaccine will have muscle pain around the injection site, followed by fever (39.9%), problems of blood clots (37.8%), headache (35.6%), fatigue (33.5%), and aching limbs (16%). And 63.6%) of them reported that they have experienced muscle pain around the injection site after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, followed by fatigue (42%), headache (37.2%), fever (34.2%), redness around the injection site (21.6%), and swelling around the injection site (17.8%). Moreover, 25% reported that the fear of potential side-effects of COVID-19 vaccine inhibited them from taking the vaccine. Above all, it is found that respondents’ expectation of COVID-19 vaccine to have such serious side-effects is significantly associated to their educational status (OR = 0.229; P < 0.01; 95%C.I.: 0.080– 0.651).Conclusion: While the expectations of most of the healthcare workers regarding the side-effects of the vaccine are parallel to the normal reactions of the vaccine, a significant proportion of the study participants have reported that they perceive COVID-19 vaccine will have life-threatening side-effects. Such fears have also played a role in affecting vaccine uptake. Therefore, the Ministry of Health, and other concerned government bodies should create further awareness on COVID-19 vaccine and related safety issues.Keywords: COVID-19, perception, side-effect, vaccine, healthcare worker

The main purpose of the study was to assess the role of public participation in reducing corruption in the town of Wolaita Sodo. The researcher used a mixed study of quality and quantity methods. To address the purpose of research. Also, the researcher used a randomized testing procedure and a purpose that arises from the possibilities and opportunities of random sampling strategies. The researcher took 40 samples from the study area to gather the necessary information on the research topic. The findings of this study highlight various types of corruption perpetrated by local government officials such as bribery, discrimination, fraud and abuse of power and more. reducing corruption. The public did not attend various meetings at this meeting. Even if the public has asked to attend, they are not holding any kind of meeting at the request of the government. Based on field research data 100% of respondents and informants say that corruption enables the public to participate in politics and development programs that members of the public are unable to participate in political meetings and development programs due to the spread of corruption. People have contributed a lot to various projects such as roads, clean water supply and other infrastructure. The data collected was analyzed statistically and qualitatively, and as a means of analyzing data strategies such as times, percentages and the researcher attempted to present his or her conclusion. response-based recommendations and important data such as those used.

The main objective of this study is to assess the importance of active political participation of citizens and its impact on building democratic Government system: the case of Wolaita zone. Active political participation is currently becoming an important issue in the development endeavor of the To conduct this study mixed approaches of both qualitative quantitative data were employed. The questionnaire and interview were used to obtain the data. Whereas, the findings indicate that active political participation is important to build democratic, it creates an accountable and transparent administrative system, good governance as well as peace and stability in the Zone. Political participation establishes good governance like democratic and fair governance system. If there is democratic and fair governance, there is fair distribution of public services and equality between citizens. But the absence of political participation brings the absence of good governance. Political participation is one of the criteria or the guideline for a good governance system. So that the researcher concludes that all of the respondents have participated in political life and they have the experience of participation in the study area. This shows that they established a strong and good governance system by political participation in the area. The challenges of citizen’s non participation or peoples not participating in politics or in solving community problems mainly due to lower socio-economic status; individuals are not initiated to participate in the politics, limited time and money, lack of information and knowledge about the issue, lack of confidence and ability. The possible measures are recommended to promote active political participation of the citizens in the study area.