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The characteristics of fast ions generated from laser-induced plasma on a boron solid target have been studied for an application to shallow junction doping. The peak position in the produced B ion energy spectra can be controlled in a 150–550 eV range by changing the laser intensity. From the measurement of B ion energy spectrum which was resolved into charge states at several laser intensities, most part of the energy spectra around the peak position was found to be composed of B+ ions at the laser intensity less than 3.0 × 1010 W/cm2. The number of produced ions around the peak of the energy spectrum was about 2 × 1012 ions/(eV·Sr) or higher within the emission angle smaller than 45°. These results indicate that the produced B+ ions are applicable to shallow doping in a sub-10 nm range.

Sputtering processes of silicon in the bombardment of highly charged ions (HCIs) are studied using molecular dynamics simulation. Assuming the potential energy of the HCI transferred to target is stored as the electrostatic energy of Si atoms ionized by the HCI, the Si ions up to 375 are embedded on a Si(1 0 0) surface as an initial condition, resulting in Coulomb explosion. The dynamics of particle ejection (sputtering) from the surface and crater formation on the surface are simulated. The formation and propagation of shock wave and rapid increase of the sputtering yield are seen during relaxation process. Strong dependence of the sputtering yield on the HCIs potential energy is found and discussed in comparison with experiment.

トラフェルミン(フィブラストスプレー)は, ヒト遺伝子組換え体で産生されるヒト塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子 (basic fibroblast Broth factor : bFGF) を主成分とする世界初のサイトカイン外用治療薬である. この薬剤は, 血管内皮細胞, 線維芽細胞膜等上に存在するFGF受容体に特異的に結合, 直接的に血管新生作用, 肉芽形成促進作用, 表皮形成促進作用を発現させる. 今回, 痔瘻手術後に治癒遷延(術後2カ月～1年3カ月)を生じた12症例にトラフェルミンの投与を試みたところ, 11症例は2週間以内に完全治癒した. またseton法による坐骨直腸窩痔瘻, 骨盤直腸窩痔瘻10症例の治療に, この薬剤を計画的に併用療法として使用することにより, 治療期間の大幅な短縮が可能であった. トラフェルミンにより, 近い将来, 肛門疾患治療法に大きな変化が訪れることが予想された.

The photoion yields from O+ to O2+ were measured in the 1s–2p autoionizing resonance region of the 525–540 eV photon energy range. A multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock calculation was performed to interpret the experimental data and the results show fairly good agreement with the experimental ones. Photoionization of the N-like isoelectronic sequences of O+ and Ne3+ are discussed.

The Kalpha satellite spectra arising from the correlative multielectron processes accompanying K-shell photoionization of Ca, Ti and V were measured using a broad range crystal spectrometer. Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations were performed to interpret the observed,x-ray energies and the spectral line shape., The calculations agree fairly well with the experimental results. The variation of the KalphaL(1) satellite and the Kalpha(1,2)(h) hypersatellite intensities was measured as a function, of excitation energy in the range of 8-35 keV. The KalphaL(1)/Kalpha(1,2) intensity ratio for each,element is already saturated in our energy range, and the asymptotic values of 1.58 +/- 0.08, 1.26 +/- 0.06 and 0.97 +/- 0.05% for Ca, Ti. and V were determined. By combining the present results and the previously measured values for various elements, we have found a Z(-3.5) scaling law for the KalphaL(1)/Kalpha(1,2) intensity ratio, The measured Kalpha(1,2)(h)/Kalpha(1,2) for each element, is found to increase smoothly from its onset and shows a long saturation range extending up to at least 25 keV above the threshold for Ti. The evolution of the Kalpha(1,2)(h)/Kalpha(1,2) intensity ratio is compared with the analytic Thomas model and with the theoretical calculation based on the screened hydrogenic model. (Less)

Genetic relationships among Carica papaya cultivars, breeding lines, unimproved germplasm, and related species were established using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Seventy-one papaya accessions and related species were analyzed with nine EcoRI–MseI primer combinations. A total of 186 informative AFLP markers was generated and analyzed. Cluster analysis suggested limited genetic variation in papaya, with an average genetic similarity among 63 papaya accessions of 0.880. Genetic diversity among cultivars derived from the same or similar gene pools was smaller, such as Hawaiian Solo hermaphrodite cultivars and Australian dioecious cultivars with genetic similarity at 0.921 and 0.912, respectively. The results indicated that self-pollinated hermaphrodite cultivars were as variable as open-pollinated dioecious cultivars. Genetic diversity between C. papaya and six other Carica species was also evaluated. Carica papaya shared the least genetic similarity with these species, with an average genetic similarity of 0.432; the average genetic similarity among the six other species was 0.729. The results from AFLP markers provided detailed estimates of the genetic variation within and among papaya cultivars, and supported the notion that C. papaya diverged from the rest of Carica species early in the evolution of this genus.Key words: DNA fingerprinting, germplasm, genetic relationship, molecular phylogeny, polymorphism.

High-resolution Cu L X-ray spectra from Cu, Cu2O and CuO targets induced by MeV H, He, C and F ions have been measured. High-resolution Cu Lα1,2 and Lβ1 X-ray spectra from Cu, Cu2O and CuO targets induced by 2.0 MeV focused protons have been also measured. It is shown that high-resolution X-ray spectra are sensitive to the chemical states of the emitting projectile and target atoms. The Cu Lα1,2 and Lβ1 X-ray spectra were compared with Cu 2p XPS spectra to investigate the atomic and electronic structures and electron excitation and relaxation processes in Cu and its compounds. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with a microbeam is found to be useful for analysis of the chemical environment of atoms of interest in the near surface region of bulk and particle samples.

It is recognized that high electronic excitations play an important role in the damage process of solid targets by high-energy heavy ions. However, the conversion mechanism of the energy of the excited electrons into kinetic energy for target atom displacement is not well understood. In order to investigate the electronic excitation effects of high energy heavy ions in solids, we have studied the secondary ions mass spectra from thin conductive solid targets irradiated by swift heavy ion beams from the JAERI tandem accelerator in the energy region where the electronic stopping power is dominant. The results show the importance of the electronic excitation effect even in simple metallic (Cu) target. It is suggested that Coulomb explosion is the major mechanism of producing columnar defects along the incident ion path.

In order to investigate the secondary ion emission from the surface of conductive materials bombarded by highly charged heavy ions, we have done two types of experiments. First, we have measured the yield of the sputtered ions from the surface of solid targets of conductive materials (Al, Si, Ni, Cu) bombarded by Xeq+ (q=15–44) at 300 keV (v p =0.30 a.u ) and at 1.0 MeV (v p =0.54 a.u ) . In view of the secondary ion yields as a function of the potential energy of the projectile, the increase rates below q=35, where the potential energy amounts to 25.5 keV, were rather moderate and showed a prominent increase above q=35. These phenomena were rather strong in the case of the metal targets. Second, we have measured the energy dependence of the yield of the sputtered ions from the surface of solid targets of conductive materials (C, Al) bombarded by Xeq+ (q=30,36,44) between 76 keV (v p =0.15 a.u ) and 6.0 MeV (v p =1.3 a.u ) . A broad enhancement of the secondary ion yield has been found for Al target bombarded by Xe44+. From these experimental results, the electronic excitation effects in conductive materials for impact of slow highly charged heavy ions bearing high potential energy is discussed.

The possibility of chemical state analysis with a wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometer system for particle-induced X-ray emission (WDX-PIXE) using a light ion microbeam is described. High-resolution Cu Lα 1,2 and Lβ 1 X-ray spectra from Cu, Cu 2 O and CuO targets are measured using this spectrometer system. The incident microbeam is focused 2.0 MeV protons with a beam size of 100(H)×30(V) μm 2 . The Cu L X-ray spectra show two clear main peaks and their satellites. The main peaks are the Lα 1,2 and the Lβ 1 diagram lines, respectively. Due to a high detection efficiency of our spectrometer equipped with a position-sensitive detector for soft X-rays, the intensity ratio Lβ 1 /Lα 1,2 is observable, which is the lowest for pure Cu metal, and the largest for CuO. Moreover, the Lα 1,2 X-ray spectrum for CuO shows a large shoulder at the high energy side of the main peak, which is considered to be due to the chemical bonding between Cu and O atoms. The results show that this system can be used for chemical state analysis for various compound materials and for analyzing small areas of materials or small particles.

Multiply charged ions for some gaseous and metallic elements have been produced as the target for photoionization studies using synchrotron radiation. The target densities have been measured to be typically of the order of 106 ions/cm3. Characteristics of the beam transport system is described and the feasibility of photoionization experiments along the isonuclear and the isoelectronic sequences is also discussed.

内痔核の治療に使用した坐薬,軟膏の副作用として直腸lipoid granulomaができた症例を経験したので報告する.症例は54歳,女性.3度内痔核に対し坐薬,軟膏を使用した.1年後直腸下部に3cm大の硬い粘膜下腫瘍を認めた.大腸内視鏡検査,注腸X線検査,骨盤CT検査,骨盤MR検査を施行したが,確定診断できなかった.確診のため腫瘍を経肛門的に切除した.病理学的所見は直腸lipoid granulomaであった.坐薬,軟膏の副作用として直腸lipoid granulomaが発生した症例の報告は外国に2例,本邦に2例のみであり極めて稀な症例であった.今後坐薬,軟膏使用中の患者に直腸粘膜下腫瘍の発生を見た場合,坐薬,軟膏の副作用としての直腸lipoid granulomaを考えておく必要がある.

Performance of a micro WDX-PIXE system that consists of position sensitive x-ray spectrometer and the heavy ion microbeam line is described. The influence of the position resolution of the position sensitive proportional counter (PSPC) used in the spectrometer on system energy resolution is discussed based on the measured values for C and O K x-rays. The system has successfully been used for chemical state analysis of various compound materials and small area of the materials (< 3 × 10-3 mm 2) can be analyzed.

We have measured the yield of the sputtered ions from the surface of solid targets of conductive materials (Al, Ni, Cu, Ag, Si) bombarded by Xe q + ( q =15–44) at 1.0 MeV ( v p =0.55 a.u). The experiment was performed using micro-bunched highly charged Xe ion beams from CRYEBIS at Kansas State University. The secondary ions were detected and mass analyzed by a TOF spectrometer. The secondary ion yields showed a significant increase with increasing projectile charge state q , demonstrating the electronic sputtering in the interaction of slow highly charged ions with conductive materials. The increase rate became larger above q =26 compared to lower charge states, and showed a more prominent increase above q =35. These strong onsets of the increase rate at particular incident charge states can be attributed to the opening up of new inner shell holes in the incident highly charged ions. This is the first systematic observation of electronic sputtering of conductive materials using slow highly charged heavy ions bearing high potential energy.

Emissions of fast ion and neutral debris from laser-produced lithium plasmas have been investigated. We found that Li+, Li2+, and Li3+ ion energy spectra look similar. The peak positions and maximum energies in their energy spectra were about 700–800 eV and about 800–900 eV, respectively, which were much lower than those of such high-Z targets as Xe and Sn. These indicate that most of the fast Li+ and Li2+ ions were produced by the recombination of Li3+ ions while the plasma expanded, and that they were not accelerated to a high energy range as much as the high-Z targets. We did not observe any fast neutral Li atoms. These results suggest that the use of the Li target for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source would be advantageous for practical applications.

Photoion yields from doubly charged Xe ions were measured in the 4d-threshold energy region. The experiment was performed by a photon-ion merged-beam technique with synchrotron radiation as a light source. The measured spectrum mainly consists of strong transition lines at around 57 eV, a very broad peak at around 100 eV, and the preceding strong discrete peaks lying between 79 and 90 eV. The peak position of the broad peak changes very little from that in photoion-yield spectra of Sano et al. The enhancement of discrete peaks in the spectrum implies a further collapse of nf-wavefunctions than that of .

Using an ion-photon merged-beam apparatus, photoion yield spectra of and from the 4d photoionization of were measured as a function of photon energy in the range 110-160 eV. The measured spectra look very similar to those from a neutral Eu target. Both and yield spectra, a broad `giant resonance' appears at 140 eV with some preceding small peaks at 131.5, 132.8 and 134.7 eV. The summit of the `giant resonance' in the spectrum is split into two peaks. This is not observed in neutral Eu photoionization.

The possibility of chemical state microanalysis using high energy resolution PIXE was investigated using a plane crystal spectrometer installed at a heavy ion microbeam line. The spectrometer has the advantage for the analysis of an X-ray spectrum of simultaneously detecting X-rays over an energy range using position sensitive proportional counter without scanning the crystal. Though the detection efficiency is estimated to be at least four orders of magnitude lower than energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) using a Si(Li) detector, the resolution of the system ( d E E ) is better than 10−3, because the effect of beam size on system resolution is negligible. Focused 2 MeV proton and 5 MeV Si3+ ion beams were employed for the analysis of Si Kα X-rays of Si and SiO2. In both cases, it is possible to detect chemical effects by observing relative intensities of X-ray satellite peaks. However, the use of heavy ions is considered to be more promising because the yields of satellite lines using silicon ion bombardment was much higher than that of protons.

症例は43歳,女性.1996年12月28日より39度の発熱,29日より強度の右側腹部痛があり当院受診した.腹部CT検査で腸重積と診断し,ガストログラフィン注腸検査により整復した,1997年1月10日原因精査のため大腸内視鏡検査を施行した.回腸末端20cm程に浅い不整形潰瘍が多発し,耳たぶ状潰瘍,タコイボ状潰瘍に類似した潰瘍も見られた,盲腸,上行結腸には小さいアフタ様潰瘍が散在していた.生検標本ではリンパ濾胞の過形成が認められた,注腸造影検査では回腸末端の襞の粗大化,結節状変化が見られた.便培養は陰性であったが,1月16日の血中YersiniaenterocoliticaO-3抗体が128倍と上昇していた.Yersinia腸炎による成人腸重積症の本邦報告例は過去に1例しかなく貴重な症例と考えられた.

An X-ray crystal spectrometer using a position sensitive proportional counter combined with tandem microbeam line at Osaka National Research Institute have been developed. This system realizes high energy resolution PIXE analysis using a heavy ion microbeam (E < 6 MeV) with reasonable detection efficiency. The design of the spectrometer, such as detection geometry, detectable energy range and energy resolution, are described. This system was applied to high energy resolution PIXE analysis of Ti, SUS and Si with 2 MeV proton and 5 MeV Si3+ focused or collimated beams. The best energy resolution was 2 eV for the Si Kα line.

The differential cross sections for the 6Li(α, 2α)2H and the 6Li(α,3He5He)2H reactions have been measured at the bombarding energy of 118.4 MeV. For both reactions, enhanced quasifree peaks were observed. The angular dependences of the two-body cross sections, deduced from the three-body cross sections by using DWIA, were compared with the free cross sections. For the 6Li(α, 2α)2H reaction, the angular dependence for the quasifree scattering was similar to that for the free elastic scattering and the absolute cross sections were explained with a reasonable αd cluster probability in 6Li. So the quasifree scattering process seems consistent with the free scattering. For the 6Li(α,3He5He)2H reaction, the angular dependence for the quasifree reaction process agreed with that for the free reaction; however, the absolute cross sections were about twice as large as those for the free reactions. This might be due to three-body structure effects in 6Li.

To develop a model of chronic experimental asthma in guinea pigs, the animal was forced to inhale the mist of a low dose of ovalbumin (OA) adsorbed on fine Al(OH)3 for sensitization once every 4 weeks. The animal was challenged by inhalation with the mist of OA on day 14 after the respective sensitizations. Either the first or the second antigen challenge markedly induced an early asthmatic response (EAR), whereas there was hardly any late asthmatic response (LAR). At the 3rd challenge, LAR also emerged with some severity. These dual responses were consistently observed until the 10th challenge. On the other hand, repeated inhalation/challenge, once every 2 weeks, with OA alone at the same dose tended to lead to the desensitization of the EAR. In addition, LAR was hardly observed throughout the experiments. In both groups, gamma 1 and IgE levels in the serum were elevated by the repetitive antigen inhalations, yet no obvious relationship between these antibody levels and the intensity of either EAR or LAR was recognized. The present results indicate that the asthmatic model with reproducible EAR and LAR developed in this study appears to be very beneficial for the investigation of bronchial asthma and for the assessment of anti-asthma drugs.

Using a photon - ion merged-beam technique, we measured the relative yield spectra of and ions created by photoionization of ions as a function of the photon energy in the 4d ionization region. The ion production, i.e. the double-electron ionization process is found to be dominant throughout the energy range investigated. A broad structure of 4d excitation ionization around 100 eV photon energy was observed in the yield spectrum. A spectral shoulder was observed for at around 85 eV, which was absent in the photoionization of neutral Xe. Some discrete lines were observed for both the - and -yield spectra below 75 eV. The experimental spectra were analysed by a multiconfiguration Dirac - Fock calculation. The largest structure at around 100 eV is attributable to (n=6,7) two-electron transitions. The discrete lines were found to be due to , n f transitions. A serious 4f-orbital collapse is suspected in the 4 fn p two-electron excited states, whereas the collapse is moderate in the singly excited 4f-orbitals.

`Healani' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) somaclones were tested in a bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith) infected field. Survival percentages of selected somaclonal lines were from 40% to 100%, while the original `Healani' had a survival rate of 0% and resistant `Kewalo' had 30%. Eighteen bacterial wilt resistant somaclonal lines were selected and tested for retention of horticultural characters in a noninfected field. `Healani' significantly outyielded all tested somaclonal lines in total fruit weight and total number of fruit per plant. `Healani' had greater fruit diameter than seven of the lines, greater width of the outer wall of the fruit pericarp than seventeen of the lines, and fewer locules in the fruit than seven of the lines.

Using a photon-ion merged-beam apparatus, the relative photoion-yield spectra for doubly- and triply-charged ions from Xe+, Ba+ and Eu+ ions were measured in the 4d ionization region. The giant resonance peak appears for all target ions. The peak of Xe+ is broad and that of Eu+ is relatively narrow, similar to those observed in the neutral atoms. The spectrum of Xe3+ shows some structures around 87 and 93 eV. The summit of the giant resonance peak of Eu2+ is obviously split into two. These structures observed in the Xe3+ and Eu2+ spectra are not observed in the photoion spectra of the neutral targets. Some small peaks are observed in the Xe+ spectrum between 70 and 76 eV. A multi-configuration Dirac-Fock calculation reveals that these peaks are attributed to 4d-np and 4d-nf transitions. It was also found that the broad peak centered at 100 eV corresponds to shake-up resonance (4d105s25p5→4d94f5s25p4np [n=6.7]) processes. Some prominent peaks that do not appear in the neutral Ba spectrum are observed clearly in the Ba+ one. These peaks are most probably due to the 4d-nf transition followed by Auger processes.

By using a photon-ion merging-beam apparatus, the relative photoion-yield spectra for Sr2+ and Sr3+ from Sr+ ions in the ground state were measured around the 3d-ionization region. In the Sr3+-yield spectrum, some discrete lines are observed and a broad structure which reflects the giant resonance corresponding to the 3d- epsilon f transition is found. The observed spectra were analysed with the results of a multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculation code. The computation reveals that the observed discrete lines are composed of many lines which have a character due to the strong 5s-4d mixing effect. This is understood from the fact that after the 3d-hole creation, the final 4d-wavefunction collapses and its orbital energy sits beneath that of the 5s orbital.

The 3 He breakup reaction has been studied with 59.6 MeV vector-polarized deuterons at dp quasifree-scattering (QFS) conditions. In the coincidence energy spectra, large bumps corresponding to the QFS were observed. The calculation in the simple plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) qualitatively reproduces the energy spectra, but for the absolute cross sections, the ratio of the experimental values to the calculated values in the PWIA is about 0.27. As for the analyzing powers, the experimental values are greatly reduced as compared with the dp elastic-scattering data. The multiple-scattering effect has been investigated by a calculation taking account of the effects of double-scattering terms on the cross sections and the analyzing powers.

Photoion spectrometry has been applied to determine the relative photoionization yields of Ba+ ions around the 4d ionization threshold. A ground state Ba+ ion beam was merged with monochromatized synchrotron radiation over a length of 15 cm. Counting the number of doubly and triply charged ions produced in the interaction region, we have obtained partial photoion yields as a function of photon energy. Prominent peaks due to resonance Auger processes have been observed below the threshold. A giant resonance structure above 4d threshold was seen only for the Ba3+ spectrum.

In order to study the photoionization of multiply charged ions (MCI) by synchrotron radiation, a collinear ion-photon merging-beam (MERGING) system and an electron beam ion source (EBIS) have been developed and constructed. Their main features are described including preliminary results of test experiments.

Multiply charged ions of Xe gases were produced through inner‐shell photoionization by using synchrotron radiation, and were stored in an rf ion trap. The experimental apparatus for trapping and probing multiply charged ions is described, and results for the measurements on the mass spectra of trapped ions and lifetime of each charge state are presented.

The characteristics of stored ions in a Kingdon trap have been investigated. The charge distribution of stored ions was measured by a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Storage of Arq+ (q = 1, 2, 3, 4) produced by electron beam irradiation has been confirmed. The dependences of Ar ion yields on the trapping potential and storage time have been systematically studied. Applying a voltage to end plates is very important for the storage of ions. Remarkable oscillations of the ion yields are found in the decay curves as a function of storage time for Ar+, Ar2+ and Ar3+ indicating periodical motion of each ion group about the central wire. The three dimensional orbits of ions in the trap are analysed by a computer calculation to understand the experimental results.

The 3 He breakup reaction has been studied with 119.2 MeV alpha particles at αp and αd quasifree scattering (QFS) conditions. In the coincidence energy spectra, large bumps corresponding to the QFS were observed. A calculation in plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) qualitatively reproduces the energy spectra. The ratio of the experimental peak cross sections to the calculated peak cross sections in the PWIA for the αp QFS is 0.1 and the ratio for the αd QFS which has angular dependence ranges about from 0.15 to 0.3. A calculation taking account of multiple scattering effect reduces the theoretical absolute cross sections considerably and reproduces the angular dependence of the ratio for the αd QFS. The ratio given by this calculation for the αp QFS is 0.4 and the one for the αd QFS is 0.86.

Photon–ion merged-beam apparatus using a compact ECR ion source and a high-brilliance light source has been designed for the study of photoabsorption processes of multiply charged ions. Photoion spectroscopy will be performed along isoelectronic, isonuclear and isoionic sequences. The main features of this apparatus are described.

We intended to use deposition-free target such as cryogenic Xe target as a laser produced plasma EUV source. We reported an enhancement of conversion efficiency (CE) by double pulse irradiation and a CE dependence on wavelength of drive laser. Lithium target used with hot multi-layer mirror was proposed by Cymer, as a new deposition-free target. We made EUV source studies experimentally on cryogenic Xe target and lithium new scheme target. In this paper, we report newly made double pulse irradiation experiments on cryogenic Xe target and an enhanced EUV generation with new "forced recombination" and/or "expansion energy re-conversion" lithium target. Laser systems used in the experiments were a 320 Hz repetition rate Nd:YAG slab laser and a 10 Hz Nd:YAG rod laser with maximum pulse energy of 1J. EUV emissions were measured by a time resolved and a time integrated imaging cameras, a transmission and a grazing incidence spectrometers, fast EUV photo-diodes and a Flying Circus 3 for power monitor. Temporal resolved EUV images from Li target indicate relatively long emission time and large emission area. The size of emission area is improved and the emission intensity is enhanced by adding a wall in front of the Li target. Experimental results indicate the expected forced recombination and expansion energy re-conversion characteristics.

Carbon thin film was bombarded with high charge state Xeq+ ions, and the secondary carbon yields were measured as a function of charge state in the broad range of q = 8 to 44 at the kinetic energy of 1.0 MeV and, also, q = 44 at 175 keV. It is found that the secondary ion yields per incident ion increase with increasing q; the increase rate is remarkably high in q > 26 with the rate of q8.5 and rather moderate in q > 31. The yield and spectra of the secondary ions are not very different for 1.0 MeV and 175 keV for Xeq+ (q = 44) ion incidence.

X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) is a new technique enabling the determination of the three-dimensional local atomic structure around a certain element. This method has been applied to analyze the local structure around Cu in 300 nm thin films of EuBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (EBCO) epitaxially grown on MgO (100) substrate, using the newest system for XFH measurement and high-brilliance synchrotron radiation at SPring-8. Here, the results of a study on the irradiation effect on the local atomic structure of EBCO superconductor with XFH measurements are presented.

A high-density genetic map of papaya (Carica papaya L.) was constructed using 54 F2 plants derived from cultivars Kapoho and SunUp with 1501 markers, including 1498 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, the papaya ringspot virus coat protein marker, morphological sex type, and fruit flesh color. These markers were mapped into 12 linkage groups at a LOD score of 5.0 and recombination frequency of 0.25. The 12 major linkage groups covered a total length of 3294.2 cM, with an average distance of 2.2 cM between adjacent markers. This map revealed severe suppression of recombination around the sex determination locus with a total of 225 markers cosegregating with sex types. The cytosine bases were highly methylated in this region on the basis of the distribution of methylation-sensitive and -insensitive markers. This high-density genetic map is essential for cloning of specific genes of interest such as the sex determination gene and for the integration of genetic and physical maps of papaya.

Photoion yields from ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{+}$ to ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{2+}$ and from ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{2+}$ to ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{3+}$ were measured near the K-shell $(1s\ensuremath{-}2p)$ autoionizing resonance region in the 841--858-eV and 850--863-eV photon energy range, respectively. Measurements were performed using a photon-ion merged-beam apparatus with an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations were performed to interpret the experimental results. The calculations show fairly good agreement with the experimental results. Isonuclear series for the photoionization of ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{+},$ ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{2+},$ and ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{3+}$ are discussed.

By measuring photoion‐yield spectra for Sr2+ and Sr3+ from Sr+ ions in the ground state, we have determined relative photoionization cross section of Sr+ ions in the energy range from 135–210 eV. The 3d‐ionization of charge‐selected Sr+ ions by photon‐impact was studied for the first time. The yield‐spectrum for Sr2+ has no structure, while that for Sr3+ shows prominent discrete peaks around 140 eV. For the assignment of discrete lines observed, we used a multiconfiguration Dirac‐Fock calculation code. The calculation indicates very strong s−d mixing for the observed peaks. This is understood that after the creation of 3d‐hole, the orbital energy of 4d‐orbital almost coincides with that of 5s‐orbital due to the collapse of the wavefunction.

Mitigation of fast debris and soft x-rays generated from laser-produced xenon plasmas were studied in an argon buffer gas in laser intensities of 109–1011 W cm−2 using a cryogenic drum target. Considerable mitigation of debris was confirmed by measurements of material sputtering. From the experimental results, an attenuation parameter of sputtering by the debris and an absorption cross section of soft x-rays at 13.5 nm σ2(13.5 nm) were derived to be 2.2 × 10−20 m2 and 1.8 × 10−22 m2, respectively. Moreover, is concluded to be equivalent to the effective collision cross section σ1 of a debris particle at kinetic energy of 1–4 keV. Sufficient debris mitigation can be obtained together with low soft x-ray absorption (less than 10%). These parameters provide a useful design tool for realizing a practical soft x-ray source because they predict the effect of the buffer gas well.

The irradiation effect of high energy heavy ions in a foil has been investigated by secondary ions spectroscopy in the energy region where the electronic stopping power is dominant. We observed significant enhancement of the secondary ion yield above the threshold value of the electronic stopping power, where the irradiation effect in high Tc super conductors and metallic materials becomes remarkable.

To estimate the components of variance of a tissue culture experiment, hypocotyl sections of tomato cultivars (C) `Healani,' `Kewalo' and `Anahu' were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 10 uM IAA and 10 uM BAP. Three explants were placed in each of 45 flasks per cultivar. This procedure was repeated three times (R) on different dates. Mean values of the number of shoots per explant were 7.0. 8.2 and 9.2 for `Healani', `Kewalo', and `Anahu', respectively. The data were transformed by adding 0.5 and then taking the square root of the sum. Components of variance of the transformed data were σ2 = 0.01, σC2 = -0.02, σRC2 = 0.09, σFC2 = 0.22 and σE2 = 1.68 (error term). The components of variance were used to determine the theoretical variance of the cultivar (treatment) mean. Results indicated that the most efficient method of reducing the error is by increasing the number of explants per flask. Stein's two-stage sample equation determined the number of explants required for a 95% confidence level to be 1613, 807 and 380 to detect differences of 5% 7% and 10%. respectively, of the overall transformed mean.

The objective of this project is to propagate disease-free clones of fresh market pineapples for growers. To expedite the distribution process, sterile cultures were obtained from the USDA/ARS Germplasm Repository, Hilo, Hawaii of pineapple clones 119, 155 and 159. Plantlets were placed on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with one half of the salts and 2 uM BAP and 1 uM IAA. The cultures were transferred to modified MS medium with one half of the salts, no growth regulators, and solidified with Phytagel. Plantlets were transplanted at one-inch size into peatlite mix. At 4-6 inch size, the plants were transplanted in growers fields. Early observations indicate difference between clones in kinds and frequency of “off-types.” Compared with surrounding plants, “off-types” were categorized as being dwarfed, variegated, thorny leaved, and pigmentation modified.

Watercress petioles were planted on Murashige and Skoog media containing 30 g/l sucrose and 8.5 g/l agar, as well as concentrations of 10 and 20 uM benzylaminopurine (BAP) in combination with 5 and 25 uM indoleacetic acid (IAA) or 5 and 25 uM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Calli were transferred to the same media or to media with 5 uM IAA and 10 uM BAP. Transfer to media with 5 uM IAA and 10 uM BAP resulted in an increased percentage of explants with shoots in the NAA plus BAP treatments while increasing the number of shoots per explant in the IAA plus BAP treatments. The greatest number of shoots per explant were obtained when explants were grown on media with 25 uM IAA and 20 uM BAP and then transferred to media with 5 uM IAA and 10 uM BAP. Thirty percent of the explants rooted on media with 25 uM NAA and 20 uM BAP followed bv transfer to 5 uM IAA and 10 uM BAP.

Multiply charged ions of rare gases were produced through photoionization, using white synchrotron radiation from the accumulation ring of TRISTAN, and the ions were confined in an rf trap. Charge state distribution and lifetime of the stored ions were measured by time-of-flight detection. Confinement of Xe6+-Xe8+ was exhibited with the storage lifetime of several ms, which is limited by the high background pressure needed to accumulate sufficient ion intensity.

The reaction was studied experimentally at 60 MeV. Angular dependences of the cross sections and the analyzing powers for the quasi-free scattering resembled those for freed-p scattering. The experimental results were compared with a Born approximation calculation on the basis of the three-body scattering theory by Alt, Grassberger, and Sandhas.

Quasifree processes were studied by measuring coincident energy spectra for the 2H(3He, 3Hep)n, 2H(3He, tp)p and 2H(3He, dd)p reactions at 89.4 and 118.9MeV. The spectral shape was reproduced with two types of spectator model, that is, a three-body model (TBM) and a four-body model (FBM). The latter contains the effects of projectile breakup processes. Angular correlations of peak cross sections were explained by calculations in the FBM in contrast with those in the TBM. The absolute cross sections were not explained by either model.