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Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the effect of sulfated modification on the structure and function of coconut haustorium polysaccharide (CHP), three kinds of sulfated coconut haustorium polysaccharides (SCHP-2, SCHP-3, and SCHP-4) were prepared using sulfation reagents containing different ratios of chlorosulfonic acid and pyridine (v/v, mL/mL: 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4) after extracting CHP from the raw materials of coconut haustorium, and their basic chemical compositions, structural characteristics and antioxidant activity in vitro were compared and analyzed. Results showed that all three sulfation reagents were able to modify CHP (characteristic peaks of S=O and C-O-S were observed near 1100~1250 cm−1 and 820 cm−1 in infrared spectra, respectively), and the degree of substitution (DS) was the highest (0.75) at the ratio of chlorosulfonic acid and pyridine for 1/2. The total sugar, uronic acid content, and molecular weight of the three SCHP decreased, and the molar content of monosaccharides also changed when comparing with that of CHP. The thermal stability had slightly weakened as well (the degradation temperature of polysaccharides decreased from 211.17 ℃ and 282.01 ℃ of CHP to 194.86~207.70 ℃ and 233.35~262.46 ℃ of SCHP, respectively). The results of antioxidant experiments in vitro showed that the scavenging activity of SCHP on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals was lower than that of CHP, and the larger the DS was, the more obvious the decrease in activity was. In terms of the ABTS+ radicals scavenging ability and ferrous ions chelating activity, increasing DS could enhance the activity of SCHP. At 8 mg/mL, the ABTS+ radicals scavenging rate (54.82%) and ferrous ions chelating rate (15.59%) of SCHP-2 were significantly (P

Constructing lunar bases is crucial as lunar missions progress towards utilization and exploitation. The challenging lunar environment, with its unique characteristics and limited resources, requires special materials, structures, and construction methods. Inflatable structures offer great potential for lunar construction due to their advantages in transportation, stowage, construction, and reliability. This paper proposes a rigidizable inflatable lunar habitat that maintains its shape even after air leakage, enhancing safety, durability, and fixability. The membrane material adapts to different requirements during transportation, construction, and service, achieved through solid-state actuation of shape memory polymer (SMP) for stiffness variation, allowing multiple moves and ground tests. This work comprises three parts: 1) system: design concept and construction processes, 2) material: design and characterization of restraint and rigidization materials, and 3) structure: numerical validation of structure properties. Finite element analysis, based on material models obtained through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests, demonstrates the effectiveness of including an SMP rigidization layer in preventing collapse and enhancing dynamic properties. This paper not only proposes a new system, but also provides material design methods and requirements, along with structural validation techniques. Findings validate the feasibility of rigidizable inflatable lunar habitats, applicable in extreme environments, also in temporary buildings, space structures, and soft robotics.

In order to explore the effect of compound emulsifiers on the emulsification of different oils, soybean protein isolate (SPI) and sucrose ester (SE) were used as composite emulsifier, and lard (LA), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), fish oil (FO) as oil phase to prepare the emulsions (E). The stability differences of emulsions prepared with various oil phases were studied by measuring the emulsifying activity, structure properties, thermal characteristics and emulsifying stability. The results showed that the emulsifying activity index of ELA was the highest (27.374 m2/g，361.243 min) among the four emulsions, and its average droplet size (D) was the smallest (8.411±0.670 μm). Microstructure images revealed that the particle uniformity was followed by ELA>ESO>ELO>EFO. DSC results showed that ELA took the most melting energy (ΔH=−57.67±1.28 J/g), while the enthalpy of EFO was only −10.18±0.10 J/g. The data of storage and oxidation stability displayed that ELA was the most stable. The difference of unsaturated fatty acid in oil affected the stability of emulsion, the larger the proportion of unsaturated fatty acid and the higher the degree of unsaturation in oil phase, accounting for the worse the stability of emulsion. These results could enrich the research of SPI-SE in oil emulsification, and will benefit development of application on oil emulsification.

In this paper, finite element calculations are used to simulate the melting flow pattern within a titanium/steel dissimilar welded joint with Cu as the transition layer under an oscillating laser welding process, and these calculations are used as a guide for bias oscillating laser welding experiments. When using 304SS side bias oscillating laser welding, welded joints with a tensile strength of 395 MPa were obtained. Compared to the linear bias welding process, it was found that the bias oscillation laser welding process can, on the one hand, generate a stirring effect on the melting pool during the welding process, forming Fe-rich structures encapsulated by Cu layers, which in turn strengthen the Cu layers, and on the other hand, effectively reduce the content of Fe-Ti brittle intermetallic compounds in the weld and obtain a Cu-Ti IMC layer with a thickness of only 10 μm, thus significantly improving the tensile strength of the weld joint and reducing the possibility of incidental fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely acknowledged that granite residual soil (GRS) is highly structured and water-sensitive due to the interparticle bonding of free iron oxides (FIOs). To further understand the effects of drying and wetting (D-W) cycles and the content of FIOs on the mechanical responses of GRS, a series of tests were presented to reveal the microstructure characteristics and mechanical behaviors of GRS under different D-W cycles (0, 1, 2, 4). The particle size distribution (PSD) curve exhibited evident bimodal peaks by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, then changed to single peak curve after the D-W cycles or the removal of FIOs. Quantitatively investigated by the dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) method, the content of FIOs in GRS showed a decreasing trend but finally tended to be a stable value after the D-W cycles. Due to the intrinsically cemented structure, GRS presented complicated shear behaviors in response to D-W cycles. A phase transition was clearly observed in the stress-strain relationship of the soil. The GRS at 60 kPa which is undergoing the 0th and 1st D-W cycles exhibited weak strain-hardening type, but it would transform into the strain-softening state after the 2nd D-W cycle. The yield stress reached a maximum value at the 2nd cycle and then decreased with the subsequent D-W cycles. Similarly, cyclic D-Ws resulted in obvious increase in the small-strain stiffness, especially in the 1st cycle. The complicated mechanical properties of GRS are characterized by coupling effects among the irreversible volume deformation and the content of collodion and the development of microcracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In place of the commercial Pt electrode used in quantum sensitized solar cells, the low-cost CuS cathode is created using electrophoresis. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure and morphology of structural cubic samples with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C under vacuum. The fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/CuS cathode electrode reached a maximum efficiency of 3.89% when it was calcined at 120 °C. Compared to other temperature combinations, CuS nanoparticles crystallize at 120 °C, which lowers resistance while increasing electron lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] • Lunar base construction: expandable configuration & automated construction process. • A novel rigidizable inflatable habitation system applying SMP physical rigidization. • Functional material: AFRP restraint, SMP rigidization, & regolith protection layers. • Temp affects resin stiffness and foldability. AFRP strength drops 10% post-folding. • FEA validation: SMP layer prevents structural collapse & enhances dynamic property. Constructing lunar bases is crucial as lunar missions progress towards utilization and exploitation. The challenging lunar environment, with its unique characteristics and limited resources, requires special materials, structures, and construction methods. Inflatable structures offer great potential for lunar construction due to their advantages in transportation, stowage, construction, and reliability. This paper proposes a rigidizable inflatable lunar habitat that maintains its shape even after air leakage, enhancing safety, durability, and fixability. The membrane material adapts to different requirements during transportation, construction, and service, achieved through solid-state actuation of shape memory polymer (SMP) for stiffness variation, allowing multiple moves and ground tests. This work comprises three parts: 1) system: design concept and construction processes, 2) material: design and characterization of restraint and rigidization materials, and 3) structure: numerical validation of structure properties. Finite element analysis, based on material models obtained through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests, demonstrates the effectiveness of including an SMP rigidization layer in preventing collapse and enhancing dynamic properties. This paper not only proposes a new system, but also provides material design methods and requirements, along with structural validation techniques. Findings validate the feasibility of rigidizable inflatable lunar habitats, applicable in extreme environments, also in temporary buildings, space structures, and soft robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let f (x , y) = 1 + ∑ p = 1 m + n = p ∞ a m , n x m y n be a formal power series. We convert f(x, y) into the formal product ∏ p = 1 m + n = p ∞ (1 + g m , n x m y n) , namely the power product expansion in two independent variables. By developing new machinery involving the majorizing infinite product, we provide estimates on the domain of absolute convergence of the infinite product via the Taylor series coefficients of f(x, y). This machinery introduces a myriad of "mixed expansions", uncovers various algebraic connections between the (a m , n) and the (g m , n) , and leads to the identification of the domain of absolute convergence of the power product as the Cartesian product of polydiscs associated with a quadratic equation. This makes it possible to use the truncated power product expansions ∏ p = 1 m + n = p P (1 + g m , n x m y n) as approximations to the analytic function f(x, y). We derive an asymptotic formula for the g m , n , with mfixed, associated with the majorizing infinite product. We also discuss various combinatorial interpretations provided by these power product expansions and derive an additional theorem which shows that with g m , n ≥ 0 , the polydisc of absolute convergence for the power product is identical to that of its Taylor series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • HHP caused OVA fragmentation and unfolding. • HHP induced the secondary and tertiary structural changes of OVA. • The allergenicity of OVA decreased by 24.13 % at 600 MPa. • HHP induced potential epitope alterations of OVA. Egg proteins, notably ovalbumin (OVA), contribute to a prevalent form of food allergy, particularly in children. This study aims to investigate the impact of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment at varying levels (300, 400, 500, and 600 MPa) on the molecular structure and allergenicity of OVA. The structure of HHP-treated OVA was assessed through fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. HHP treatment (600 MPa) altered OVA structures, such as α-helix content decreased from 28.07 % to 19.47 %, and exogenous fluorescence intensity increased by 8.8 times compared to that of the native OVA. The free sulfhydryl groups and zeta potential value were also increased with HHP treatment (600 MPa). ELISA analysis and MD simulation unveiled a noteworthy reduction in the allergenicity of OVA when subjected to 600 MPa for 10 min. Overall, this study suggests that the conformational changes in HHP-treated OVA contribute to its altered allergenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective utilization of by-products still poses a challenge in the food industry. In this work, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) extracted from okara was modified by steam explosion (SE) via adjusting steam pressure (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 MPa) and SE duration (60 and 120 s). The structural and emulsification properties of modified SDF were studied. The untreated SDF exhibited a low yield (5.17%) and poor emulsification properties due to its large molecular weight (162.67 kDa), compact structure, and high interfacial tension (14.27 mN/m). SE increased SDF content by a maximum of 30.31%, 4.86 times higher than that of untreated SDF. Under mild SE conditions (1.0 MPa for 60 s), SDF displayed a loose structure with abundant side chains and a higher glyoxylate content (26.77%). Its near-neutral contact angle (82.0°) and lower interfacial tension (12.69 mN/m) endowed it with higher emulsification capacity, smaller emulsion droplet size, and enhanced emulsifying stability. The molecular weight of SDF decreased and the specific surface area enlarged with increasing SE intensity. Notably, SDF exhibited the best interfacial adsorption characteristics under SE of 2.0 MPa for 120 s, attributed to its low molecular weight (46.99 kDa) and higher protein content (7.58%). Overall, the improved emulsification properties of SDF were attributed to the synergistic effects of amphiphilic equilibrium, electrostatic repulsion, spatial resistance, and enhanced droplet-to-droplet interactions. [Display omitted] • Soluble dietary fiber (SDF) derived from okara is modified by steam explosion (SE). • SDF content reaches 30.31% at 1.0 MPa for 120 s of SE, 4.86 times higher than okara. • SE-modified SDF has loose structure, proper wettability, and low interface tension. • SDF exhibits the best interfacial adsorption property at 2.0 MPa for 120 s of SE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the low utilization and poor emulsifying properties of insoluble soybean fiber (ISF) derived from okara , this work aimed to improve the structural-physicochemical properties of ISF by steam-cooking process through adjusting the pH, temperature and duration. The effects of soluble and insoluble fractions of ISF on its emulsifying properties were investigated. Increased temperature to 120 °C and prolonged durations of steam-cooking at pH 3 disintegrated the ISF matrix and reduced the aggregation, while notable aggregation was observed at pH 11 and 120 °C. The heightened steam-cooking intensity led to stronger hydrogen bonding within ISF, accompanied by the increase in crystallinity index from 26.7%–30.8% to 40.1%–44.2%. Additionally, there was a notable enhancement in gel-like properties, as evidenced by the elastic modulus of ISF suspensions increasing from 0.3–247.2 Pa to 1048.0–1355.0 Pa. The steam-cooking positively influenced the surface wettability and emulsifying properties of ISF, particularly evident by the near-neutral contact angle of ISF steam-cooked at 120 °C, resulting in emulsions with finer droplets. The microstructure and apparent viscosity of the emulsions were primarily influenced by the insoluble fractions, despite the higher capability of soluble fractions to reduce interfacial tension. The insoluble fractions prevented droplet aggregation by facilitating the formation of droplet clusters. Overall, steam-cooking improved the emulsifying properties of ISF by modulating composition and physicochemical properties, providing promising applications for ISF as food ingredients in emulsions and gels. [Display omitted] • Steam-cooking process promotes the functionality of insoluble soybean fiber (ISF). • ISF matrix is dissociated with increasing temperature and duration of steam-cooking. • Steam-cooking positively influences surface wettability and emulsification of ISF. • Microstructure and viscosity of emulsion are mainly affected by insoluble fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let f (x , y) = 1 + ∑ p = 1 m + n = p ∞ a m , n x m y n be a formal power series. We convert f(x, y) into the formal product ∏ p = 1 m + n = p ∞ (1 - h m , n x m y n) - 1 , namely the inverse power product expansion in two independent variables. By developing new machinery involving the majorizing inverse power product, we provide estimates on the domain of absolute convergence of the inverse power product via the Taylor series coefficients of f(x, y). This machinery introduces a myriad of "mixed expansions," uncovers various algebraic connections between (a m , n) and (h m , n) , and leads to the identification of the domain of absolute convergence of the inverse power product as a Cartesian product of polydiscs. This makes it possible to use the truncated inverse power product expansions ∏ p = 1 m + n = p P (1 - h m , n x m y n) - 1 as approximations to the analytic function f(x, y). We derive an asymptotic formula for the h m , n , with mfixed, associated with a majorizing inverse power product. We also discuss various combinatorial interpretations provided by these inverse power product expansions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Composite materials possess advantages like high strength and stiffness with low density and prove their essentiality in the aviation sector. Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC) find applications in automotive, aircraft, and marine industries due to their high specific strength, superior wear resistance, and lower thermal expansion. The fabrication of composites using the liquid phase at high temperature leads to the formation of intermetallics and unwanted phases. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a novel technique of composite fabrication, with temperature below the melting point of the matrix, achieving good grain refinement. Many researchers reported enhancement of mechanical, microstructure, and tribological properties of AMMC produced by the FSP route. The FSP parameters such as tool rotational speed, tool traverse speeds are found to be having greater impact on uniform dispersion of particles. It is observed that the properties such as tensile strength, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, are altered by the FSP processes, and the scale of the alterations is influenced significantly by the processing and tool parameters. The strengthening mechanisms responsible for such alterations are discussed in this paper. Advanced engineering materials like shape memory alloys, high entropy alloys, MAX phase materials and intermetallics as reinforcement material are also discussed. Challenges and opportunities in FSP to manufacture AMMC are summarized, providing great benefit to researchers working on FSP technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, steamed rice cakes prepared with different particle sized flour were used to investigate how the structures of rice cakes affected masticatory properties and bolus starch hydrolysis. Decreasing the particle size increased the surface areas requiring hydration, resulting in a loose structure and fluffy starch network during gelatinization. Increasing the particle size led to a tight and firm network, but was easily melted in the oral cavity. The chewing cycle and time differed among the samples. The conditions of inter-individual salivary flow rate and salivary α-amylase were diverse. The oral carbohydrate hydrolysis in the bolus before swallowing showed no significant differences in reducing sugar levels among particle sizes. However, salivary concentration was related to initial starch hydrolysis in the oral cavity, indicating the food structures affected mastication factors and physiological conditions. This study provides food structure and physiological factor information that could help design customized foods in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous and fiber structures are utilized to create lightweight materials for many applications. Poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) PBE or phenoxy resin is a widely used thermoplastic resin in thermoplastic, blends, and polymer matrices. In this article, PBE was selected as a model thermoplastic to fabricate a porous membrane with suitable structure and properties through an electrospinning process. The morphology of the electrospun membrane was effectively controlled by adjusting solution concentration and solvent composition and regulating acceleration potential, while keeping the solution feed rate and tip-to-collector distance at specific values. It was observed that the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the obtained porous PBE membranes were dependent on structure and form. With consistent fiber morphology, the research process obtained a relatively high elastic modulus, tensile strength, and density at 9.125±2.573 GPa, 1.260±0.195 MPa, and 0.420±0.056 g/cm3, respectively. Thermal analysis showed insignificant differences in the thermal stability between the electrospun samples and raw materials.

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aqueous foams are found in a wide range of industrial applications such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries. These foam-based products are typically packaged in aerosol cans that are pressurized up to 3 bar. With pressure fluctuations over time, issues like coarsening and liquid drainage could affect the formulation. However, the rheological studies of foams under pressure are limited by the poor sensitivity and complex designs of traditional pressure cells that impose a lower torque limit of approximately 100 μN ⋅m. In this study, we detail the design and validation of a high-sensitivity pressurized Couette cell that utilizes a novel design to provide sample pressurization (up to 5 bar) with significantly improved torque sensitivity (1 μN ⋅m in oscillatory and 10 μN ⋅m in shear flows). Foam samples present experimental challenges due to a reduction in sample volume when pressurized. This has serious implications if a standard cylindrical cup and bob geometry is used with foam samples as it will be underfilled under pressurized conditions leading to erroneous results. To overcome this difficulty, we have designed a new rotor appropriately dimensioned that ensures a sufficient sample level over the entirety of the rotor under pressurized conditions. We demonstrate the application of this device by characterizing a commercial aqueous foam using traditional rheological methods such as flow ramps, oscillatory strain amplitude sweep, frequency sweep, time sweep, and stress growth under pressurized conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) fiber is a kind of synthetic fibers with excellent properties and biodegradability, which has been produced on a large scale in China. To investigate the application properties of PBS fibers, the structure and properties were systematically studied in this paper. The microstnictures and thermal properties of PBS fibers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimeti (DSC). The mechanical properties, chemical stability and dyeing properties of PBS fibers were also studied. The results show that PBS fibers are a-ciystalline with a crystallinity of 58.56%. PBS fibers have an excellent thermal stability and the initial temperature of thermal degradation is 370 "C. The tensile strength, the elongation at break, the elastic recovery rate at a fixed elongation (5%) and the moisture regain rate of PBS fibers are 29.57 cN/tex,90.94%,44.55% and 5.04%, respectively. The chemical stability is as follows: alkaU resistance < acid resistance < oxidation resistance. PBS fibers have an excellent dye uptake by carrier dyeing of disperse dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite LaFeO3/ZSM-5 is synthesized via citrate route for H2S removal at high temperatures. It shows good thermal stability after heat treatment at 500–700∘C with respect to slight changes in crystallographic phase and textural property. It presents the optimal desulfurization performance at 600∘C with sulfur capacity of 1017 μ mol S/g and products of S, LaS2, and Fe7S8. Sulfidation at 500∘C yields the same products as sulfidation at 600∘C but displays the lowest sulfur capacity of 408 μ mol S/g. Sulfidation at 700∘C produces La2O2S, Fe3S4, and unreacted LaFeO3. The activation energy of the sulfidation reaction over LaFeO3/ZSM-5 is 109.6 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of semantic similarity between lexical terms plays a critical part in semantic-oriented applications for natural language processing and cognitive science. The optimization of calculation models is still a challenging issue for improving the performance of similarity measurement. In this paper, we investigate WordNet-based measures including distance-based, information-based, feature-based and hybrid. Among them, the distance-based measures are considered to have the lowest computational complexity due to simple distance calculation. However, most of existing works ignore the meronymy relation between concepts and the non-uniformity of path distances caused by various semantic relations, in which path distances are simply determined by conceptual hyponymy relation. To solve this problem, we propose a novel model to calculate the path distance between concepts, and also propose a similarity measure which nonlinearly transforms the distance to semantic similarity. In the proposed model, we assign different weights in accordance with various relations to edges that link different concepts. On basis of the distance model, we use five structure properties of WordNet for similarity measurement, which consist of multiple meanings, multiple inheritance, link type, depth and local density. Our similarity measure is compared against state-of-the-art WordNet-based measures on M&C dataset, R&G dataset and WS-353 dataset. According to experiment results, the proposed measure in this work outperforms others in terms of both Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, which indicates the effectiveness of our distance model. Besides, we construct six additional benchmarks to prove that the proposed measure maintains stable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous and fiber structures are utilized to create lightweight materials for many applications. Poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) PBE or phenoxy resin is a widely used thermoplastic resin in thermoplastic, blends, and polymer matrices. In this article, PBE was selected as a model thermoplastic to fabricate a porous membrane with suitable structure and properties through an electrospinning process. The morphology of the electrospun membrane was effectively controlled by adjusting solution concentration and solvent composition and regulating acceleration potential, while keeping the solution feed rate and tip-to-collector distance at specific values. It was observed that the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the obtained porous PBE membranes were dependent on structure and form. With consistent fiber morphology, the research process obtained a relatively high elastic modulus, tensile strength, and density at 9.125±2.573 GPa, 1.260±0.195 MPa, and 0.420±0.056 g/cm3, respectively. Thermal analysis showed insignificant differences in the thermal stability between the electrospun samples and raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheological measurements are performed to examine the yielding behavior of different commercial and lab-made toothpaste. Several toothpaste are reported to yield via a two-step process which is noted in dynamic oscillatory strain sweeps. The two-step yielding is best seen as two plateaus for storage modulus in a typical plot of storage modulus as a function of applied strain amplitude. Such behavior in structured materials is usually attributed to rupture of the network at lower strains which is followed by the breakup of aggregates at higher strains. In the case of toothpaste, the network and aggregates are formed by particles, such as silica, mediated by polymers, such as xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose. The toothpaste in which such two-step yielding is more pronounced are shown to be less stable, i.e., lose their ability to retain shape when deposited on a toothbrush. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are widely being used for structural applications due to their attractive properties. Particularly, to fabricate complicated structures by FRP composites, joining composite structure elements through fasteners require drilled holes. More than 60% of the structural FRP components are rejected owing to poor quality of holes. The FRP composites are heterogeneous due to multi-layer architecture, multi-phase material combinations, and hybridization. Hence, while drilling the behavior of FRP composites depends on various machining and tool parameters in addition to workpiece properties. As a result of drilling, the quality of drilled holes deteriorates due to delamination, matrix crack, matrix burning, fiber pull-out, buckling, spalling, and fuzzing in the drilled hole zone. To minimize all these defects researchers tried to design material, tool and machining parameters and reported. In this paper, the authors have made an attempt to summarize up-to-date progress in structure properties and drilling study of unidirectional and bidirectional multi-layered composites, three-dimensional fabric-reinforced composite and hybrid composite and similarly, emphasize the advanced characterization techniques to investigate the drilled hole quality. In addition, cryogenic assisted drilling, lubricated drilling, and micro-drilling literatures have been discussed. Based on the literature, conclusions and future scope have been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO)/neodymium (Nd)/Cu 0·5 Mn 0·5 Fe 2 O 4 ternary nanocomposite was prepared by sonochemical method and modified Hummer's method. The crystal structure and structural parameter of Cu 0·5 Mn 0·5 Fe 2 O 4 (CMF) nanoferrites were changed with the addition of Nd3+ and GO. Raman active modes of the GO and ferrite system were observed from Raman spectra. The surface oxidation state (C 1s, O 1s, Cu 2p, Mn 2p, Fe 2p, and Nd 3 d) and their respective binding energies of the prepared nanocomposite were discussed. Different surface morphologies were acquired for CMF, Cu 0·5 Mn 0·5 Fe 1.85 Nd 0.15 O 4 (CMNF), GO, and GO/Cu 0·5 Mn 0·5 Fe 1.85 Nd 0.15 O 4 (GCMNF) ferrite nanocomposites. The absorption of the Cu-Mn nanoferrite (red region) shifted into the blue region with the addition of Nd3+ and GO. The magnetic parameters were changed with doping of Nd into CMF and GO in CMNF nanoferrite. It was found that the high anisotropy energy values of the CMNF and GCMNF ferrite nanocomposites could be used for electromagnetic wave-absorbing application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract HfO 2 doped NiZnCo bulk ferrites, Ni 0.5 Zn 0.3 Co 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 with different HfO 2 dopant content (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1 wt %), were fabricated by the solid states reaction method. We investigated the influence of HfO 2 doping on structure and electromagnetic properties. The XRD pattern shows that as the doping of HfO 2 increases, the lattice parameter decreases and the X-ray density increases. There is an extra peak in each sample due to generation of NiCo 2 O 4 impurity phase. The SEM images demonstrate the grain size slightly decreases with increasing HfO 2 content. As the amount of HfO 2 doping increases, the saturation magnetization increases linearly and the coercivity decreases. The polarization of all ferrite samples is due to the fact that the electronic hopping frequency between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions can't keep up with external applied frequency. As the amount of HfO 2 doping increases, the dielectric constant increases when x < 0.075, and decreases when x ≥ 0.075. The peak value frequency dependent behavior of dielectric loss tangent is observed in pure and HfO 2 doped NiZnCo ferrite samples around 1 MHz, which is due to the fact that the electron exchange frequency is consistent with the applied frequency. The DC (direct-current) resistivity decreases exponentially as the temperature increasing, it decreases when x < 0.075 and increases when x ≥ 0.075 as the amount of HfO 2 increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The structure and property of CMP was altered after simple mixed with LSPC. • Hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction are critical role for CMP and LSPC. • The type and strength of interaction was related to concentration and ratio. • Significant Synergistic antibacterial effect between CMP and LSPC on E. coli. Abstract The inhibitory effect of carboxymethyl pachyman (CMP) mixed with lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins (LSPC) in certain ratios against E. coli 10899 was determined. Added low concentration of LSPC could improve the antibacterial activity of CMP, and a significant synergistic effect could be observed between them, especially when the concentration of CMP was below its critical concentration (1.35 mg/mL). Then, the interaction between CMP and LSPC was characterized after mixing; the changes in spectral characteristics, thermal properties, crystallinity pattern, molecular weight, chain morphology and microrheological behaviour explained the influence of interaction on the structure of CMP and LSPC. The smaller molecular size, electrostatic interaction and stronger hydrophobic interaction might play important roles in improving the antibacterial activity of mixture. The dissociation constant (K d) was determined to be 0.102±0.0008 mg/mL using MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST), and the micromorphology was observed by SEM. Therefore, this mixture might be an effective natural bacteriostat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Gastric emptying in pigs was slower with the smooth-rigid egg white gel. • Gastric acidification started at the pylorus region in pigs fed with egg white gels. • The change of gastric pH profile depended on the egg white gel characteristics. • The smooth-rigid egg white gel resulted in the largest particles in gastric chyme. • Distal and proximal chymes did not differ in dry matter, particle size and rheology. Abstract The hypothesis is that the characteristics of ingested protein gels influences the subsequent in vivo gastric digestion process. Three egg white gels (EWGs) of identical composition but differing in structure and texture were prepared and fed to pigs. Sampling throughout a 6 h postprandial period, and at different locations in the stomach of the pigs, enabled a detailed spatial-temporal mapping of the pH, dry matter content, particle size and rheological properties. The results showed different gastric acidification kinetics implying an effect of the gel structure and/or texture. The most elastic and cohesive gel resulted in the highest median particle size and the most viscoelastic chyme. Distal and proximal regions of the stomach did not differ in terms of dry matter content, particle size distribution or rheological properties. These results demonstrate the consequences of protein food structure on gastric chyme properties, and thus suggest an effect on the digestion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]