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We report on the free-running and frequency stabilized operation of a ring resonator-tuned full-band tuneable laser. The laser is a monolithically integrated semiconductor ring laser tuneable over 34 nm, from 1522-1556 nm, fabricated using a commercially-available, InP-based, active-passive foundry technology. The mode selection is implemented using the Vernier effect by reverse-biasing voltage-controlled electro-optically tuned ring resonators. The laser exhibits a typical intrinsic linewidth of 110 kHz over the C-band and a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) exceeding 50 dB. The linewidth over the tuning range does not significantly vary, showing that the tuning mechanism does not cause linewidth broadening. The power dissipated in the tuning elements is 1.4 mW per ring. Using the same reverse bias voltage-controlled electro-optic tuning, we also demonstrate the locking of the laser to a high-finesse etalon using Poun-Drever-Hall frequency locking. Our implementation requires a single control loop because of the reverse bias tuning. All deployed tuning effects in the phase modulators have the same sign therefore resulting in a flatter frequency dependent phase response compared to current injection feedback. The control loop has a bandwidth of 500 kHz and a control range of 2.9 GHz. We report 1 kHz level linewidth for millisecond observation times for the stabilized laser.

We present our latest results on 1300 nm band optical amplifiers and Fabry-Perot lasers in the development of a 1300nm active\passive photonic integration platform on InP. Modal gain, material transparency, temperature dependence are reported and analyzed for amplifiers that are optimized for low butt-joint reflections.

We present broadband MMI couplers, developed for a novel integration platform on InP with active/passive integration capabilities for the 1300nm wavelength range. Low loss (

We present the frequency stabilization of a monolithically integrated extended cavity single mode InP diode laser using the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) frequency locking technique. The laser is a multi-section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser with an intra-cavity ring resonator, fabricated using an InP active-passive integration technology. The laser is locked to a 700 kHz wide resonance of a Fabry-Perot etalon. The single electrical feedback is applied on the reverse biased rear DBR section of the laser, used to tune the lasing mode. This is the first time to our knowledge that the feedback is applied on a reverse biased, voltage controlled section of an integrated laser cavity. In our implementation the tuning is based on electro-optic effects avoiding significant thermal effects in the tuning element. We demonstrate a linewidthreduction down to 5 kHz and frequency noise suppression of about 30 dB at 10 Hz offset frequency. The bandwidth of the control loop is about 500 kHz, limited by the phase delay of components in our loop.

We investigate the effect of a ring resonator on the linewidth and output spectrum of monolithically integrated extended cavity multi-section DBR lasers with an intra-cavity ring resonator. The goal is to achieve an understanding of whether and how the use of an additional ring filter improves the performance of a DBR laser on the aspects of the SMSR and intrinsic linewidth using the capabilities of the InP active-passive integration platform. The laser output spectrum is in good agreement with our theoretical calculations from a steady-state spectral model. A side-mode suppression ratio between 60 and 70 dB is measured for a range of operating semiconductor optical amplifier currents. The frequency noise power spectral density is measured for a range of output power levels. A minimum intrinsic linewidth of 63 kHz is reported. We compare the measured Lorentzian linewidths with our theoretical expectations and present estimates of the possible linewidth improvement with the available photonic integration technology used in this work.

We demonstrate the generation of radio-frequency (RF) signals using stabilized integrated semiconductor lasers. The lasers are monolithically integrated on the same chip using InP active-passive integration technology. They are locked to different resonances of the same external optical cavity using the Pound-Drever-Hall locking technique. The locking is implement with single control loop for each laser and by voltage controlled tuning thus avoiding significant thermal effects. The generated RF signal can be tuned discretely to frequencies that are multiples of the external optical cavity free spectral range. Examples of beat tones at 12.436, 24.8735 and 40.4194 GHz are demonstrated. The linewidth of the generated signals at all frequencies is less than 40 kHz. The single-side-band phase noise is about -54 dBc/Hz for frequencies offsets from the carrier at 12.436 GHz between 1 kHz and 10 kHz and -60 and -67 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 1 MHz respectively.

Residual amplitude modulation of the phase modulator deployed in Pound-Drever-Hall frequency stabilization is an effect known to cause instabilities to the absolute wavelength of the stabilized laser. We present measurements and analysis of the residual amplitude modulation in an InP-based waveguide electro-optic phase modulator. The modulator is monolithically integrated in the output waveguide of a tuneable laser. The effects on the frequency stabilization of such a laser system to a reference etalon using a Pound-Drever-Hall frequency stabilization scheme are quantified. Frequency offset values in the stabilization point from the reference Fabry-Perot etalon resonance caused by the amplitude modulation are predicted and optimum operating points to minimize residual amplitude modulation are discussed. By operating an electro-refractive phase modulator at the proper bias point we show that frequency offsets corresponding to less than 3×10 ^{-3}$ of the reference cavity full-width half-maximum can be achieved.

We demonstrate a monolithic extended cavity InP-based single-mode laser with DBR mirrors and an intra-cavity ring resonator with 15 mA threshold current fabricated with a generic integration technology. A 130 kHz linewidth has been measured and an SMSR well over 60dB.

Residual amplitude modulation in integrated electro-optic InP-based phase modulators is measured and its effect in the Pound-Drever-Hall frequency stabilization aimed at 10kHz stability is investigated. Optimum operating conditions are presented.

Two case studies are presented, where Proportional Hazards and Poisson-type models are applied to predict failure probabilities in deteriorating water pipes. It is shown that breaks follow a nonhomogeneous Markov Process during the early stages of deterioration, that is, the failure probability is a function of time and also depends, among other things, on the number of previous breaks. During the later stages of deterioration a constant, but highly varying among pipes, break rate characterizes the failure pattern. In this latter case breaks could be reasonably approximated as Poisson arrivals. The results help in identifying factors that contribute to increased break rates and provide a high level of detail necessary for understanding failure pattern variability at the individual pipe level. The proposed methodologies are expected to provide a useful quantitative tool for improving maintenance strategies.