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Summary and ConclusionsThe L. D.100dose of a solution of hen egg white by intracardial injection was determined for a group of actively sensitized guinea pigs. It was found that 5 to 10 mg of pyribenzamine or benadryl injected intraperitoneally between 10 and 30 minutes before giving the shocking dose protected the animals against approximately 8 L. D.100 doses of the antigen while injection of 10 or more L. D.100 doses resulted in rapid death with symptoms indistinguishable from the control animals. If 6 or less L. D.100 doses were given, no symptoms were noted in the protected group.These results seem to indicate that the socalled anti-histaminic drugs do exert a protective influence, quantitative in nature, against anaphylaxis in the actively sensitized guinea pig. This fact might well be expected since a similar quantitative protection is obtained with these drugs against histamine shock.1,2,3 The modifying action of these drugs again seems in accord with the theory that histamine plays a major role i...

As I thought about this subject, I was reminded of a story about Oliver Wendell Holmes. When he was in his eighties nearing the end of his distin guished career on the Supreme Court, the great jurist found himself on a train confronted by the conductor who asked for his ticket, which he couldn't find. Recognizing Holmes, the conductor told him not to worry and said he could just send the ticket to the railroad company when he found it. Holmes looked at the conductor with some irritation and replied, "The problem is not where my ticket is, the problem is where am I going?" I confess I have the same question: "Where are we going with motions for substantial assistance under section 5K1.1 and section 3553(e) of Title 18?" I began by looking at statistical evidence about substantial assistance departures and discovered that they are an enormous percentage of all downward departures. Indeed, the figures for 1989 suggest that of all downward departures, better than 40% were based on substantial assistance motions. If you look at the numbers in 1990, 54.4% of all the downward departures were generated by 5K1.1 motions. I suspect that as time goes on, and as the caseload is filled with more and more drug and firearm cases and mandatory minimum cases, substantial assis tance downward departure motions will become an even larger portion of the pie. We know then that a great deal of downward departures are being driven by motions filed by prosecutors for substantial assistance. The second question I asked myself, and one that comes up regularly in our court, is, "What standards inform the trial judges' decision-making authority about substantial assistance motions?" Once the motion is filed by the prosecutor, triggering the substantial assistance examination, you are directed to 5K1.1. They tell you there are five basic factors that you have to consider, the first three of which can be boiled down to the nature and extent of the defendant's assistance. The first one listed in

Model in vivo and in vitro experimental systems have been used to study the efficacy of specific and nonspecific immunization against Candida albicans infection induced in mice. Experiments were designed to compare the extent of resistance in specifically immunized, endotoxin treated and saline treated animals. In vitro phagocytic and postphagocytic killing (cytopepsis) of macrophages or lymphocyte-macrophage combinations from such animals were determined. In the in vitro experiments the macrophage systems destroyed the yeast cells more rapidly than did the lymphocyte-macrophage combinations. Since equivalent numbers of yeast cells were phagocytized, the differences observed were a function of cytopepsis of the organisms.

The technique of chromosomal positioning of inheritable traits (C.P.I.T.) to project relative positions of two or more traits at more than one gene locus was employed to test the validity of the Fisher-Race model of Rh structure. The results of statistical analysis of two large samples of Rh phenotype distributions suggest that all models based on vertically related, linked alleles are invalid. On the basis of further analysis, Wiener's concept of the structure of the human Rh-Hr gene locus appears most valid among current hypotheses.