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Introduction: An aging population is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. Sleep duration, both excess and deficiency, is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the relationship between sleep duration and cognition in the Indian population. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the first wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted across India in all 34 states and union territories. Sleep duration was calculated using sleep and wake times, whereas cognition was measured as a composite cognitive index. Both univariable and multivariable linear regressions were performed on the composite cognitive score. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex and age groups (45-59 years and ≥60 years). Results: The median (IQR) cognition score was 25 (20-30). A sleep duration of ≤4 hours was associated with a decrease in cognition status of 1.15 points (1.57-0.72), and a sleep duration of ≥9 hours was associated with a decrease of 0.93 points (1.25-0.60). Subgroup analysis revealed that this relationship remained consistent across both genders and both age groups. Conclusion: Both long and short durations of sleep were seen to be associated with a decrease in cognition scores among Indian adults, in both sexes and both age groups. Thus, proper sleep duration can help in the prevention of declining cognition as one ages and the development of dementia.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Anaemia is a major problem which affects half of young Indian women, impacting their health, education, and offspring. Despite ongoing efforts, a comprehensive understanding of anaemia remains limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anaemia among young women in rural Haryana and explore its causes comprehensively, which would help in tailoring targeted interventions for anaemia at a primary health care level. Methods: Young, non-pregnant women aged 15–24 years (n = 422) were assessed for socio-demographic details, menstrual/diet history, and anthropometry. Dietary diversity was assessed using Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women scale. Venous haemoglobin (Hb) was estimated using an auto-analyser. Serum ferritin, folate, and vitamin B12 were assessed for 260 participants. Anaemia was classified based on micronutrient deficiency. The morphology of anaemia was classified based on Red Blood Cell (RBC) indices. Multivariable analysis examined associations of anaemia with socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 60.7%. Among those participants tested for micronutrient deficiency (n = 260), 170 (65.4%), 48 (18.5%), and 124 (47.7%) participants had deficiency of ferritin, folate, and vitamin B12, respectively. Iron deficiency anaemia (39.1%) and dimorphic anaemia (38.5%) were the two most common types of anaemia. The mixed morphology of RBCs was the most common morphology (41.8%). Almost all participants (98.2%) had inadequate dietary diversity. Being overweight was associated with lesser odds of having anaemia [OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.24 – 0.71 (P = 0.01)]. Conclusion: The high magnitude of anaemia is high, and there is a need for nutrition-based interventions for anaemia at a primary health care level among young women in rural India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]