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Physico-chemical and Sensorial Evaluation of Local Tomato Past Produced at Small Scale in Benin. L'article fait le point sur les avancements notés dans l'éradication de la peste bovine en Afrique sub-saharienne, avec à l'horizon 2010, l'éradication mondiale de la peste, telle que prévu par le Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme (GREP). Le programme Pan-Africain de Contrôle des Epizooties (PACE), un programme exécuté depuis 1999 sous l'égide de l'Union Africaine (UA) avec le concours financier du Fonds Européen pour le Développement (UE), exécute actuellement la dernière phase de ce programme d'éradication. Les auteurs passent en revue l'historique, le diagnostic et les outils de contrôle de cette maladie, tant chez le bétail que chez la faune. A l'heure actuelle, il ne reste qu'une partie de l'Afrique de l'est où sévit la maladie. Cependant aucun foyer n'y a été signalé depuis 2001. La seule lignée encore rencontrée (lignée 2 africaine) se cantonne à l'écosystème somalien, qui regroupe la Somalie, l'est du Kenya et la 5ième région de l'Ethiopie. Réapparue en 1994, 1998, et 2001 dans la faune sauvage, cette lignée représente donc la cible des derniers efforts d'éradication. En dehors de cette zone, la peste bovine semblerait être absente de l'Afrique de l'est. En Afrique de l'ouest et du centre où la maladie est absente depuis des décennies, les activités sont axées sur la certification internationale (par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale, OIE) de l'absence de la maladie et de l'infection. Sur les 30 pays que couvre le PACE, 12 pays ont obtenu à ce jour le statut 'indemne de l'infection': Bénin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Congo, Erythrée, Guinée, Guinée Bissau, Mali, RDC, Rwanda, Sénégal et Togo. Onze pays enfin, la Côte d'Ivoire, l'Ethiopie, le Ghana, le Kenya, la Mauritanie, le Niger, le Nigeria, l'Ouganda, le Soudan, la Tanzanie et le Tchad ont été déclarés 'indemnes de maladie' (en ce qui concerne le Kenya et l'Ethiopie, sur base zonale). En supposant que les procédures n'encourront pas de retards supplémentaires (p.e. pour cause de dépistage de cas), les derniers pays de la zone PACE seront déclarés indemnes de l'infection en 2009. Avec les perspectives d'éradication de la peste bovine du continent africain, plusieurs pays commencent à étudier sérieusement les opportunités d'exportation régionale et internationale de bétail et de produits d'animaux.

Economic Study of Small Scale Tomato Paste Production in Benin. Economic study of tomato paste was performed for two localities (Ketou and Dogbo) of high production of tomato in Benin. For a plant capacity of 10 tons of raw tomatoes per year, with tomato juice concentrated at 13% Natural Tomato Soluble Solids (NTSS) and 20.69% of material balance, the production cost of a glass-jar of 275 g (net weight) is 204.87 F and the profi tability at 15.54% at Ketou. In this locality, the break-even point is estimated at 471.08 kg of paste or 2.28 T of fresh tomato. On the other hand, at Dogbo where the production cost was higher (218.34 F), the profi tability is estimated at 8.4% and the break-even point at 683.65 kg of paste or 3.3 T of fresh tomato. In conditions of good management, the two units are profi table from the fi rst year. Optimisation of energy use in dehydration of tomato juice will enhance interest in small scale tomato paste production in Benin.

The evolution of science has given rise to many technologies that have changed the world. The upcoming Six-Generation (6G) mobile network indicates a fundamental transformation in wireless technologies, enhancing connectivity and data transmission rates. In this circumstance, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a paradigm technology that emerges as a key major supporter of enhancing mobility awareness. Edge computing offers improved efficiency for service migration from the edge node to the user. However, mobility management in MEC is a complex challenge as seamless handovers between edge nodes must be efficiently executed to ensure uninterrupted service for mobile devices, demanding intricate coordination and low-latency decision-making. To the best of the author's knowledge, there has been no comprehensive work on the most recent developments in mobility awareness using mobile edge computing in 6G. However, this paper aims to present a general overview of the intersection between mobility awareness and MEC over 6G networks. The general concept of MEC in 6G mobile networks is comprehensively introduced. This will highlight the integration between MEC and 6G for bringing more efficient network and service migration to the edge, reducing latency, and enhancing the user experience. Meanwhile, this survey discusses augmented reality with MEC applications. This survey discusses the integration of mobility awareness and mobile edge computing in upcoming mobile applications and emphasizes the need for 6G networks. This integration results in providing seamless communication during handovers between the serving base station and the target base station. This study contributes to understanding the upcoming trends that will enable the operation of mobility awareness and MEC operation in the 6G mobile communication. Furthermore, we delve into a comprehensive overview of the challenges and future research directions for mobility management with MEC in 6G mobile networks, underlining the complexities and potentials of integrating mobility awareness and mobile edge computing.

The unique health care needs of diverse individuals and communities are complex. To meet these needs, healthcare professionals are being called upon to alter traditional ways of thinking, perceiving, and acting in order to create more inclusive environments. Research shows that using mindsight, a process that increases both insight and empathy, can enhance an individual's mind-body-environment connection, increase self-awareness, and promote the development of cultural humility. This paper will discuss the current perspectives on the mind/body/environment connection from a Western lens that may impact the enactment of cultural humility for healthcare providers. Two evidence-based approaches, yoga and forest therapy, are recommended as effective intervention tools in fostering mindsight and cultural humility. Blending traditional cognitive learning with techniques anchored in the physical body may hold promise in supporting the development of mindsight and cultural humility in healthcare education and practice.

This manuscript offers findings from a pilot project which prepares nursing students for embodied professional practice through the lens of ethics. Four undergraduate nursing students were mentored by two nursing faculty in the Dundon-Berchtold Institute Faculty Fellowship Program in the Application of Ethics through an exploration on the ethics of embodiment using an arts pedagogy across one academic year. Inspired by the intersection of nature and health, this project explores the impact of an arts-integrated pedagogy on the human body. The findings from this project provide a natural first step for nursing students to consider multiple interpretations of the human body and to facilitate the students' development of an embodied ethical practice that is perceptive, empathic, and attuned to themselves as natural beings as well as diverse individuals and populations. The findings from this pilot project presents a pivotal opportunity to guide future nursing curricular development toward holistic, nature-inspired, and mindful-based interventions in order to increase resilience, decrease risk factors of compassion fatigue and burnout, and support nursing students to develop strength-based skills to use in their professional nursing practice.

Global disparities in the quantity, distribution, and skills of health workers worldwide pose a threat to attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and deepens already existing global health inequities. Rwanda and other low-resource countries face a critical shortage of health professionals, particularly nurses and midwives. This article describes the Human Resources for Health (HRH) Program in Rwanda, a collaboration between the Ministry of Health of Rwanda and a U.S. consortium of academic institutions. The ultimate goal of the HRH Program is to strengthen health service delivery and to achieve health equity for the poor. The aim of this article is to highlight the HRH nursing and midwifery contributions to capacity building in academic and clinical educational programs throughout Rwanda. International academic partnerships need to align with the priorities of the host country, integrate the strengths of available resources, and encourage a collaborative environment of cultural humility and self-awareness for all participants.

This study examined the current state of cultural competence in health care using a qualitative descriptive design. Interviews were conducted with 20 multidisciplinary experts in culture and cultural competence from the United States and abroad. Findings identified 3 themes; awareness, engagement, and application that crossed 4 domains of cultural competence; intrapersonal, interpersonal, system/organization, and global.