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Централни предмет докторске дисертације „Право на социјалну пензију у систему права социјалне сигурности“ јесте свеобухватна анализа института социјалне пензије, чији је циљ потврђивање основне хипотезе да социјалне пензије, односно недоприносне социјалне престације, које се исплаћују старијим лицима код којих је наступио социјални ризик старости а нису остварили право на старосну пензију сходно националним прописима, представљају социјално праведан и финансијски одржив модел за смањивање стопе сиромаштва старијих особа у Републици Србији. Уочено је да се, услед бројних друштвених промена са којима се суочавају европска друштва, константно погоршава положај старијих особа код којих је наступио социјални ризик старости и да се, следствено томе, повећава стопа сиромаштва те категорије. Премда је најзаступљенији начин обезбеђивања социјалне сигурности у старости институт старосне пензије, аутор указује на то да се та социјална престација исплаћује, у највећем броју случајева, у оквиру система социјалног осигурања, особама које испуњавају законске услове који се односе на претходни стаж осигурања и године живота, те се као главни предмет истраживања и основно питање поставља како ће се обезбедити лица која не испуњавају законске услове за остваривање права на старосну пензију. Анализом различитих модела аутор настоји да одговори на питање на који начин се, осим класичног института старосне пензије, може обезбедити социјална сигурност у старости и, следствено томе, смањити стопа сиромаштва старијих лица и обезбедити достојан живот по наступању социјалног ризика старости. Брижљивом анализом свих релевантних аспеката института социјалне пензије аутор покушава да одговори на питање који би модел социјалне пензије било најефикасније увести у национални систем социјалне сигурности како би се смањила стопа сиромаштва старијих припадника друштва, а да се, насупрот томе, уједно не доведе у питање финансијска одрживост система социјaлне сигурности, односно не проузрокују значајни, The principal aim of doctoral dissertation The right to social pension in the system of social security rights is to offer comprehensive analysis of the institute of social pension in order to confirm the basic hypothesis that social pensions, that is, noncontributory social benefits, that are paid to elderly people who have experienced social risk of age and who have not realized the right to old age pension in accordance with national regulations, represent a socially fair and financially sustainable model for reducing the poverty rate of the elderly in the Republic of Serbia. It has been noted that, due to the numerous social changes that European societies face with, the position of elderly people with the social risk of old age is constantly worsening and, consequently, the poverty rate of such category is increasing. Although the most frequent method of providing social security in old age is the institute of old age pension, the author points out that the social benefits are paid, in most cases, in the context of the social insurance system to the persons who meet the legal requirements relating to the previous years of service and life, thus raising as a main subject of the research, the underlying question of how persons who fail to meet the legal requirements for exercising the right to old age pension will be secured. By analyzing different models, the author tries to answer the question of how, apart from the conventional institute of old age pension, social security in old age can be ensured and, consequently, reduce the rate of poverty among elderly and provide a decent life after the occurrence of social risk of old age. In a thorough analysis of all relevant aspects of the social pension institute the author tries to answer the question regarding the model of social pensions which could be the most efficient when introduced into the national social security system in order to reduce the rate of poverty among the older members of society, but, at the

Data mining in business applications has become an increasingly recognized and accepted area of enterprise data mining in recent years. In general, while the general principle and methodologies of data mining and machine learning are applicable for any business applications, it is often essential to develop specific theories, tools and systems for mining data in a particular domain such as social security and social welfare business. This necessity has led to the concept of social security and social welfare data mining, the focus of this thesis work. Social security and social welfare business involves almost every citizen’s life at different life periods. It provides fundamental and crucial government services and support to varied populations of specific need. A typical scenario in Australia is that it not only connects one third of our populations, but also associates with many relevant stakeholders, including banking business, taxation and Medicare. Such business engages complicated infrastructure, networks, mechanisms, policies, activities, and transactions. Data mining of such business is a brand new application area in the data mining community. Mining such social welfare business and data is challenging. The challenges come from the unavailable benchmark and experience in the data mining for this particular domain, the complexities of social welfare business and data, the exploration of possible doable tasks, and the implementation of data mining techniques in relation to the business objectives. In this thesis, which adopts a practice-based innovative attitude and focusses on the marriage of social welfare business with data mining, we believe we have realised our objective of providing a systematic and comprehensive overview of the social security and social welfare data mining. The main contributions consist of the following aspects: • As the first work of its kind, to the best of our knowledge, we present an overall picture of social security and social

Background: new Colombian health legislation, who arises from universal and solidarity principles; desires mayor covertures and quality in health servicesMaterial and methods: the rate of missed medical attention opportunities were established through a descriptive transversal study of multiple contact as well as the factors dealing with them; in different government institutions that in Sincelejo-Colombia. Information was obtained through a semistructured interview.An active observation of the appointment records on subsequent periods after the interviews was also made to determine either the stability or the changes experienced by the phenomenon under observation.Results: the demand of medical attention is larger than the institutional offer and higher and there are high proportions of missed opportunities for receiving the medical attention related to institutional factors.Conclusions: actions to improve opportunity in health services in Sincelejo are need., Antecedentes: la nueva legislación en salud de Colombia, que parte de los principio de aseguramiento y solidaridad, plantea una ampliación de la cobertura y una mejor calidad de la atención en salud.Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio exploratorio, transversal y de contactos múltiples, mediante el cual se determinó el índice de oportunidades perdidas de atención en salud, sus posibles causas y el grado de satisfacción, en las diferentes instituciones municipales prestadoras de servicios de salud, de Sincelejo. También se realizó una observación participativa y verificación de registros de consultas en períodos posteriores a la realización de la entrevista, con el propósito de establecer la estabilidad o cambios en el fenómeno analizado. Resultados: se puso de manifiesto una oferta institucional de atención en salud menor que la demanda y una alta proporción de oportunidades perdidas de atención en salud y un baja satisfacción, relacionadas con factores institucionales.Conclusiones: se requieren acciones que mejoren la oportunidad de la atención en salud en la entidades municipales de Sincelejo.

This project identified the problems with and threats to the Social Security program caused by the rapid increase in aging of the population. It compared and contrasted the traditional system with different proposed alternatives. The author recommended three basic options in a priority order for improving economic growth and personal control, while ensuring fairness for future Amen can generations. The three recommended options are: (1) Privatization (2) Raise the Payroll Tax and Increase the Number of years for calculating benefits and (3) Raise the Payroll Tax Rate.

The objective was to determine whether DoD agencies maintain appropriate controls over the access, disclosure, and use of SSN information by third parties. Specifically, we determined whether the selected DoD agencies made disclosures of SSNs to third parties for legal purposes, whether selected DoD agencies had appropriate controls over the contractors' and other entities' access and use of SSNs, and whether the selected agencies had adequate controls over access to individuals' SSNs maintained in their databases. In addition, we verified the information on the questionnaires completed for the GAO.

Highlights of President George W. Bush's federal budget proposal for FY2002. Include a message from the President, budget highlights, 10 year budget plan, policy initiatives and priorities, and a budget summary for each federal department.

Uncertainty exists in retirement planning. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a stochastic retirement planning model to aid military personnel and decision/policy makers in evaluating retirement planning issues from a probabilistic perspective. The stochastic model developed differs from the ubiquitous retirement planning calculators available from many financial institutions and at many finance-related websites in that it accounts for the effects of uncertainty surrounding inflation and investment rates of return during one's investing "lifetime" by using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The major components of the model are an input/output worksheet, a fund accumulation worksheet, a fund withdrawal worksheet, a probability distribution worksheet and a pay table lookup worksheet. After completing 17 inputs and running a simulation, a user is able to determine the probability of achieving a specific amount of retirement savings as well as the probability associated with how many years the retirement savings, supplemented by military retirement benefits and Social Security, may last. The information gained by using the model allows military personnel to evaluate their current retirement plans and make necessary adjustments. Additionally, the model allows decision/policy makers to evaluate specific military retirement issues in order to determine how changes may affect service members.

Recently, the Fund has been experiencing financial difficulties due to rising costs and a financing mechanism that has been negatively affected by recent court decisions. According to the Fund's September 30,1999, audited financial statements, the Fund had a cumulative deficit of $12.2 million. The Fund's actuary estimates that the cumulative operating deficit will increase to approximately $513 million by 2008. In addition, the actuarial projection includes borrowing costs of $101 million during the same time frame, which results in a total deficit of $614 million. The Fund is involved in extensive litigation arising from the Coal Act and normal business operations. Fund officials classified their significant litigation into seven major categories: (1) constitutional cases, (2) Dixie Fuel court cases, (3) companies challenging assessments, (4) premium rate cases, (5) bankruptcy cases, (6) successorship cases, and (7) Evergreen cases. Eastern Enterprises. Apfel (1998) and Dixie Fuel Company v. Social Security Administration (1999) are two of the significant cases that have affected or may affect the assignment of beneficiaries. Eastern resulted in approximately 8,000 beneficiary reassignments. Dixie Fuel, which has not yet been implemented, could potentially result in the reassignment of 10,000 beneficiaries. The Fund has incurred legal costs of over $11 million for all significant cases since its inception.

Each year the President is required by law to submit a budget to the Congress. This budget not only presents the President's policy proposals for the "budget year," in this case fiscal year 2001, but also congressionally enacted budgetary totals for the current year (fiscal year 2000) and reported actual totals for the previous year (fiscal year 1999). In effect, the President's submission analyzes and compiles separate presentations for hundreds of budget accounts, covering all fiscal activities of the federal government, including "off-budget" accounts such as the Social Security trust funds and the Postal Service Fund. The President's budget also includes, as submitted, certain accounts, such as the legislative and judicial branch summaries, which by law or by practice are not subject to presidential review.

The Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP) was created to enable a surviving beneficiary of a retired military service member to continue to receive a portion of the retiree's retirement benefits upon the death of the retiree. The cost of the plan was to be paid by both the retiree and the government, with the retiree paying 60 percent of the cost and the government paying 40 percent, for an indefinite period of time. In 1998 Congress passed legislation (P.L. l05-261) that terminated premium payments once the retiree had paid premiums for 30 years and attained 70 years of age. This thesis seeks to determine whether 30 years is an equitable amount of time for retirees to pay SBP premiums in order to achieve a balance between future benefits and future costs; and, if it is not, to determine the correct number of years to achieve this balance. Spreadsheets were developed to determine present values of benefits payable to beneficiaries and present values of payments made by retirees. The point in time in which the present value of benefits equaled the present value of costs determined the number of years that retirees should pay into the plan to maintain their 60 percent cost share. The data indicate that the number of years required to pay into the plan for the paygrades E-5 through E-9 and OA through 0-10 varies from 13 to 21 years, with the higher number of years corresponding to the higher paygrades. Reducing paid up coverage from 30 to 21 years enables retirees to pay costs that more accurately reflect their future benefits.

During fiscal year 1997, the federal government spent about $1.4 trillion on various programs in the United States. These funds, in part, procured products and services, paid salaries and wages to federal employees, provide public assistance, and fund federal retirement programs and social security. DOD prime contracts and compensation discussed in this report accounted for about $204 billion, or about 14 percent, of the federal expenditures. Defense spending data are available to users in and outside the government and are regularly used in policy formulation and evaluation. DOD contractors have used federal government data in support of their work for DOD on the economic impacts of base realignment and closure actions. Federal expenditure data have also been used to provide information to communities, businesses, and individuals adjusting to the effects of defense downsizing and other changing economic conditions. Researchers at private companies, universities, and state government offices also use these data in a wide array of research projects and publications. Defense spending covered in this report includes DOD prime contract awards and DOD compensation. Compensation includes civilian pay, military active duty pay, reserve and national guard pay, and retired military pay. National totals for DOD contracts and compensation are considered to be accurate. However, when these numbers are broken down for individual states, the numbers are often viewed as less reliable., Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives.

The federal budget will face Intense pressure in coming decades as health care costs mount and members of the baby-boom generation retire. Costs for Medicare and Medicaid are expected to grow much faster than federal revenues through at least 2020. And between now and 2030, the elderly population will more than double, while the number of workers will grow by only one-quarter. That demographic transition will expand the ratio of retirees to workers by more than half and drive up federal spending for Social Security and health care. Under those conditions, federal deficits could mushroom. Such demographic and budgetary events would retard the growth of economic output by slowing the growth of two of its main determinants: labor and capital. With aging workers headed for retirement and projected fertility rates at near-record lows, the growth of the workforce will slow to a crawl. Furthermore, government deficits crowd out private investment, so persistent deficits would lead to less capital and lower output and hence to less revenue and even higher deficits. The interaction between the budget and the economy could start a cycle of ever-higher deficits and ever-slower growth. Of course, that outcome is not foreordained. Much depends on uncertain economic and demographic events many years in the future. More important, the Congress can choose a policy to avoid a high-deficit/slow-growth cycle.

Over the years, considerable debate has occurred over how retirement programs for federal employees compare with the programs available to other employees in the United States. The Chairmen of the former Senate Subcommittee on Post Office and Civil Service and the House Subcommittee on Civil Service asked GAO to compare the features and benefit levels of the federal government's two largest retirement programs for its civilian employees; the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS) and the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) with those of private sector retirement programs., Report to Congressional Requesters.

The Military Personnel Appropriation, Air Force provides financial resources to compensate the active military personnel required to support the approved force structure. The tables in Sections 1 through 5 contain budget data for Pay and Allowances of Officers, Enlisted and Cadets; Subsistence of Enlisted Personnel; Permanent Change of Station Travel (PCS); and Other Military Personnel costs. Refired pay accrual is contained in Pay and Allowances of Officers and Enlisted personnel, as appropriate. Unemployment compensation and social security benefits are under Other Military Costs. The budget activity structure and detailed justification demonstrate how the military personnel program is managed and controlled. It displays the inventory of officers, enlisted personnel and cadets with the associated workyears. This management overview encompasses a wide range of personnel actions that involve requirements dealing with grade structure, promotions, gains and losses, flight status, BAS, PCS travel and other related personnel issues and requirements.