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The experience of social exclusion has been shown to trigger aggressive, antisocial behavior. This outcome is particularly problematic if such retaliatory acts, in addition to being harmful, are also highly original and creative and difficult to anticipate and to defend against. For this reason, the present study investigated whether a laboratory social exclusion paradigm would increase malevolent creativity—creativity deliberately aimed at damaging others. In a sample of n = 81, male and female participants were either excluded or included by an alleged group of peers based on their personal preferences, and then generated as many original ideas as possible to take revenge on other wrongdoers (Malevolent Creativity Test, MCT). State affect was additionally assessed before and after exclusion or inclusion. Analyses revealed that social exclusion had significant effects on individuals' malevolent creativity performance, with the excluded group generating a greater number of vengeful ideas in the MCT that were also rated as more original. Greater harmfulness (malevolence) of revenge ideas was specifically observed for excluded women. While social exclusion was linked to increased anger and general negative affect, affect changes did not mediate exclusion effects on malevolent creativity. This hints at more complex mechanisms linking social exclusion and creative antisocial behavior other than immediate emotional responses. Altogether, our findings emphasize the role of situative factors for the emergence of malevolent creativity, suggesting that anybody may resort to highly malicious ideation under threatening circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusion is a pervasive phenomenon that can have profound psychological consequences, including increased aggression. Self‐compassion can promote psychological resilience, which helps individuals cope with challenges and may help mitigate the aggression triggered by social exclusion. This study aims to explore the relationship between self‐compassion and aggression in the context of social exclusion from both state and trait perspectives. First, a cross‐sectional study (Study 1) was conducted; the findings revealed that social exclusion is associated with higher levels of aggression, while self‐compassion is linked to lower levels of social exclusion and aggression. Further division of self‐compassion into its constituent components (self‐kindness, mindfulness, and common humanity) revealed additional insights into the specific roles played by these factors. Self‐kindness and mindfulness were found to moderate the relationship between social exclusion and aggression, while common humanity was observed to mediate this relationship. To determine the causal relationships among variables in further detail, an experimental study (Study 2) was designed. This study utilized a recall writing task to induce feelings of social exclusion and employed self‐compassion writing tasks to elicit self‐compassionate responses from participants. The results of this experiment indicated that self‐compassion can significantly reduce the aggression triggered by social exclusion, thus suggesting that self‐compassion may help alleviate the distress caused by individuals' experiences of social exclusion. The findings of this research have important implications for the development of clinical interventions aimed at reducing the adverse effects of social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosocial behavior plays an important role in promoting a sustainable and inclusive society. However, the academic investigations regarding tourist prosocial behavior have been limited and ambiguous. This research aimed to develop the measurement instruments to measure tourist prosocial behavior. Through a mixed methods approach across four different studies, this research established a 27-item, six-dimensional measurement scale of tourist prosocial behavior. Using the proposed scale, this study examined the relationship between social exclusion, tourist prosocial behavior, and tourist well-being to assess the nomological validity. This research extends the current knowledge of prosocial behaviors by defining tourist prosocial behavior and examining its dimensionality. It also provides practical insights related to destination marketing and interventions to promote tourist prosocial behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creative tourism has a potential role in promoting social benefits for communities and social inclusion of artisans; however, studies investigating this are lacking. This paper contributes to filling this gap in the literature by exploring the role of creative tourism in combating social exclusion among older artisans in the context of Loulé Criativo, a pioneering creative tourism initiative in Portugal. This qualitative study reveals, from the perspective of management staff and older artisans, that creative tourism reduces the social exclusion of older artisans through processes as improving social relations, fostering creativity and strengthening connections to place and community. Policy makers and tourism professionals can use creative tourism initiatives to actively engage older artisans and promote their empowerment and social recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the exclusion of older people using a multidimensional approach to understand the different domains of exclusion. Particularly, it evaluates the risk factors of old-age social exclusion, focusing on the level of exclusion across three domains such as social relations, economic and material resources, and social activities, as well as the total exclusion score. Using secondary data from the Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI) survey, the study employed bivariate descriptive and multinomial logistic regression models to assess the factors that affect social exclusion for all three domains, as well as the total exclusion score. Results for the total social exclusion score reveal that older people in their later ages, women, from rural areas, without schooling, living alone, without work, and having poor physical health, experienced a severe risk of exclusion. Notably, older people at later ages (70+) from rural areas without schooling experienced both moderate and severe exclusion in all the domains, as well as in the total exclusion score. While analysing exclusion across all three domains, the study found that older people were most at risk of exclusion in the domains of economic and material resources, followed by the domain of social relations. Thus, ageing policies should consider these micro-level risk factors associated with these two domains to combat the exclusion and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusion and poverty constitute pressing issues in contemporary societies and significant obstacles to achieving sustainable social development. In contemporary Europe, they are recognised as one of the most severe social problems. Consequently, the pursuit of research in this domain appears entirely justified. This paper aims to examine the disparities in levels of poverty and social exclusion among European Union countries, employing an analysis of the indicators delineated in Agenda 2030. The linear ordering and determination of the typological groups of objects was conducted using a method based on the median Weber vector. To ascertain potential changes in the phenomenon under investigation, the survey was conducted in two years: 2015 and 2022. The linear ordering of objects, as presented in the paper, revealed that Romania, Bulgaria and Latvia consistently exhibited the highest levels of poverty and social exclusion, regardless of the year studied. In 2015, Greece was also included in this Group. Conversely, nations situated in the northern regions of Europe, including Scandinavian countries, consistently demonstrated the lowest levels of the studied phenomenon. The empirical research results thus underscore substantial disparities between developed and developing countries. The paper makes a valuable contribution to the current European and global academic discourse on poverty and social exclusion, both recognised as formidable social challenges worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine whether repeated victimization relates to differential processing of social exclusion experiences. It was hypothesized that experiences of repeated victimization would modulate neural processing of social exclusion in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, we hypothesized that repeated victimization relates positively to intentions to punish excluders. Exploratively, associations between neural processing and intentions to punish others were examined. The sample consisted of children with known victimization in the past two years (n = 82 (behavioral) / n = 73 (fMRI), 49.4% girls, Mage = 10.6). The participants played Cyberball, an online ball-tossing game, which was manipulated so that in the first block participants were equally included and in the second block they were excluded from play. Victimization was not related to neural activation during social exclusion, although there were indications that victimization may be related to increased insula activation during explicit exclusion. Behaviorally, repeated victimization was related to more intention to punish excluders. Neural activation during social exclusion did not predict intentions to punish excluders, but results tentatively suggested that increased insula activation during social exclusion may be related to increased intentions to punish. Together, these results provide a replication of earlier Cyberball studies and point toward differential processing of social exclusion by children who are victimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the harms of social exclusion is increasing the tendency to use drugs. The present study was conducted with the aim of sociologically explaining the effect of social rejection on the tendency to use drugs among women who refer to drug withdrawal and rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the statistical population of the research was women referring to the above centers in Tehran, and 385 of them were selected as a statistical sample based on the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The research results showed; The independent variables of the research have explained a total of about 37% of the changes in the dependent variable, i.e. the tendency to use drugs, and about 60% of the changes in the dependent variable of the research have been evaluated outside of the researcher's imaginary model, also based on the results of the research of the seven variables; Nonpresent social relations, present social relations, associational participation, intergroup support, intragroup support and non-associational participation respectively had the greatest negative effect on the tendency to use drugs, in contrast to the independent variable of exclusion from the labor market in the tendency of the studied subjects. It had a positive effect on drug use. In better words, the variables; Face-to-face social relations, non-face-to-face social relations, association participation and intergroup support and intra-group support and non-association participation have had a reducing effect on the tendency to use drugs, but exclusion from the labor market has had an increasing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has underscored the detrimental effects of phubbing. Nevertheless, attempts at identifying alternative actions are lacking. The present research introduced 'resisting phubbing', actively avoiding phubbing to continue the in-person interaction with the individuals involved. Study 1 (N = 246) employed short videos to assess the effect of inclusion, phubbing, and resisting phubbing on interpersonal connection, social exclusion, and social perception. Phubbing yielded the most adverse outcomes, followed by inclusion and resisting phubbing, which showed the most favorable. Study 2 (N = 291) additionally examined the influence of social status on these behaviors. While Study 1 results were replicated, the effect of social status remained inconclusive. Our studies emphasize the relevance of resisting phubbing as a beneficial strategy to overcome smartphone interference during in-person interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'social death' metaphor is used to reflect ostracism's severity and death-related themes often influence ostracism research. To determine its accuracy, we examined the similarity of ostracism and mortality salience (MS) outcomes. To manipulate these constructs, we used writing prompts in Study 1, and Cyberball and a novel MS manipulation, 'Cybergrave,' in studies 2, 3a, and 3b. In Study 4, we correlated chronic ostracism and death-thought accessibility. Ostracism uniquely threatened psychological needs, whereas MS uniquely activated death thoughts. Moreover, the correlation between chronic ostracism and death-thought accessibility was small and non-significant when controlling for related variables. Results suggest the death metaphor may not always be accurate. Death-related language may bias how ostracism is conceptualized and studied, emphasizing pain over recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusion (SE) and its detrimental health outcomes are a key concern in European policies. This study investigates whether childless older adults face a higher risk of SE compared to those with children, how these potential differences have evolved, and whether SE among childless older men differs from that experienced by childless older women. Children are perceived in most cultures as an insurance of social integration in old age. Delayed childbearing and falling birth rates in Western countries have raised concerns about the old age of those who remain childless and reach the last decades of their lives more socially excluded. The exclusionary risks of not having children may be gendered and different across time, but research on this topic is underdeveloped. The analysis utilizes data from the first (2002) and ninth (2018) rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS), focusing on participants aged between 65 and 74. The study reveals that childless older adults have fewer social meetings and engage in fewer social activities than parents. Findings are robust concerning time and gender, as the disadvantage of not having children compared to those with children is similar over time and for men and women. The results highlight that childless older adults face an elevated risk of SE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

App-based mobility (ABM) is an umbrella term for several transport services enabled through a smartphone application. Ride-hailing is the most popular ABM service, and even more than a decade after its introduction, it continues to raise concerns about its impacts on urban mobility. Previous ride-hailing research has primarily focused on understanding such impacts. However, how ride-hailing affects accessibility and social exclusion remains an understudied topic. Prior research highlights this knowledge gap and proposes a framework linking ABM with transport poverty, (in)accessibility and the resulting transport-related social exclusion (TRSE). Yet, empirical evidence is lacking to test such a framework. This paper addresses this gap by providing empirical evidence on how ABM affects accessibility using survey data collected for three large metropolitan areas in Latin America. We follow three related lines of analysis. First, we compare ride-hailing to other transport modes based on the most regular trips reported in the survey. Second, we calculate novel social and transport (dis)advantage indices to extend the comparison of transport modes. Third, we shed light on why respondents have used ride-hailing services in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from ethnography in six faith-based community food banks located in urban Finland, this paper explores the dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion as manifested in everyday life in food assistance. The findings propose that different framings, social distances and power hierarchies affect both promoting and experiencing social inclusion and exclusion that appear situational and relational through the everyday discourse and praxis. By reflecting on these dynamics from a theological perspective and employing the concept of 'lived koinonia', the discussion shows that the food banks are still hesitant to imagine themselves as a source of liberation that would challenge structural, epistemic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although solitude is a common experience in daily life, empirical research on its effects is scarce and challenging to interpret. Here, we propose a methodological framework to study solitude and highlight its value in understanding the link between solitude and well‐being. First, we advocate for clear conceptualization and operationalizations of solitude and provide recommendations for how to achieve these objectives. Second, we tease apart various dimensions of solitude, including its duration and underlying motivational, emotional and cognitive qualities. Finally, we integrate research from various subfields of psychology (e.g., social‐personality, clinical, developmental) and summarize the nuanced and complex relationship between solitude and well‐being, which depends on the specific dimensions being studied. Taken together, we hope the proposed framework will equip the next generation of researchers with a systematic methodology for studying solitude and ultimately facilitate more productive research in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The cyberball paradigm has been used in numerous neuroimaging studies to elicit activation in neural substrates of social exclusion, which have been interpreted in terms of activity associated with "social pain". The objectives of the study were to assess not only the replicability but also the specificity of the areas activated by this paradigm. Methods: Functional imaging with arterial spin labeling, an approach to image longer mental states. Results: We replicated findings of previous meta-analyses of this paradigm in the inferior frontal gyrus and ventral cingular cortex. However, these areas were also active in a watch condition (in which participants were not excluded), although less so. Conclusions: These findings relativize a simple and specific interpretation of these areas as the neural substrates of social exclusion and social pain, as in previous studies. In a broader experimental context, similar activations have been reported by neuroimaging studies when semantic disambiguation and evaluation of action goals are required, an interpretation that may also apply to the effects elicited by this paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilises the concepts of social exclusion and precarity to explore the situation of migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on European countries, we first demonstrate how migrants were more likely to experience exclusion prior to the crisis and how they were further marginalised due to the public health measures. Second, we show how inadequate government support exacerbated the exclusion of migrants. Finally, we explore social ties of migrants during the pandemic, with a focus on local and transnational ties. The paper is based on qualitative data collected as part of the European Union (EU)-funded project RESISTIRÉ, which examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups across Europe. Over 100 narratives with migrants were gathered during the project, and these were analysed to explore the multiple social exclusions experienced by migrants, as well as the ways they coped with being on the margins of receiving societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants may experience many psychosocial problems when migrating from a home to a host country, including social isolation. Social exclusion is also important among the problems experienced by immigrants. This study aims to determine the factors affecting Afghan immigrants' perceived social exclusion in Türkiye. Accordingly, a cross‐sectional study was conducted on 211 Afghan immigrants (Mage = 30.66, SD = 9), 24% of whom were females. The socio‐demographic information form, social exclusion scale, self‐esteem rating scale, and life satisfaction scale were used to collect data in this study. The findings showed that Turkish language proficiency, the length of residence in Türkiye, working status in Türkiye, life satisfaction, and negative self‐esteem were predictor factors for social exclusion. Considering the results, suggestions to decision‐makers and mental health professionals to reduce the perceived social exclusion of Afghan immigrants are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for mental health and social exclusion, a key social determinant of mental health. Early intervention approaches are key to mitigating the impact of mental ill-health during adolescence, however social exclusion can create additional barriers to accessing care. Aim: We aimed to better understand help-seeking experiences of adolescents facing co-occurring social exclusion and mental ill-health, including sources of support, barriers and preferences for service provision. Method: Cross-sectional data were analysed, from the 2022 Mission Australia Youth Survey (N = 18,800). Adolescents aged 15 to 19 years were recruited from around Australia, through schools, community organisations and digital platforms. Indices of four domains of social exclusion (housing, finances, relational and education/employment) were created using existing Youth Survey variables, and supplemented with demographic characteristics, psychological distress and help-seeking behaviours (perceived need, mental health supports, barriers to access and preferences). Relationships between social exclusion domains, mental health concerns and help-seeking behaviours were explored using logistic regression models. Results: A total of 9,743 young people reported having needed mental health support, yet only 58.1% reportedly sought support (n = 5,565). Social exclusion domains were associated with different help-seeking behaviours: housing challenges with higher help-seeking (OR = 1.28; 95% CI [1.15, 1.42]); relational difficulties and edu-employment issues with lower (OR = 0.75; 95% CI [0.68, 0.83] and OR = 0.82; 95% CI [0.75, 0.89]). Stigma, confidentiality concerns, cost and not knowing where to seek help were common barriers to help-seeking; those experiencing social exclusion more likely to report these. Participants reported a strong preference for face-to-face support. Conclusions: This study highlights the additional needs and challenges faced by adolescents dealing with both social exclusion and mental ill-health. With greater barriers to help-seeking, concerted efforts are needed to reduce stigma, improve mental health literacy and increase access to trusted information sources. Further initiatives should focus on structural factors that socially exclude young people and exacerbate inequitable access to mental healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote prosocial defending behaviours to social exclusion, it is important to understand the role of social‐cognitive factors in bystanders' cognition, judgements and responses. The current research examined how social cognitive skills relate to different aspects of bystanders' cognition, judgements and responses in the five‐step intervention model. Data were collected from 96 Turkish children and adolescents (Mage = 12.39 years, SD = 1.74, 59 girls, aged 10–17). Participants were presented with a hypothetical social exclusion scenario and their bystanders' cognition, judgements and responses were measured via five‐step intervention model. Theory of mind (ToM), mind‐reading motivation (MRM) and empathy were also measured as predictors. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that while ToM and MRM were more likely to predict bystanders' judgements and cognitions around social exclusion, empathy was also found to be correlated with behavioural aspects of bystanders' responses beside cognitions and judgements. Overall, our novel findings provide insight for intervention studies to promote prosocial bystanders' judgements, cognitions and responses by addressing different social‐cognitive skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study explores measures designed explicitly to manage people with disabilities in a context where diversity interventions are incorporated voluntarily. Furthermore, it examines global organizations' approaches to marginalized groups, such as people with disabilities, in a context where there is an explicit lack of state regulation on diversity measures. Design/methodology/approach: An abductive approach was adopted for the exploratory nature, which sought to understand how global organizations in a developing country utilize diversity management mechanisms to manage people with disabilities. Findings: The findings reveal that human resources departments of international organizations operating in a neoliberal environment demonstrate two distinct perspectives for individuals with disabilities: (i) inclusiveness due to legal pressures and (ii) social exclusion. Originality/value: We explored global organizations' approaches to marginalized groups, such as people with disabilities, in the context of an explicit lack of state regulation on diversity measures and showed that the absence of coercive regulation leads to voluntary actions with adverse consequences. The paper expands theories that critique the inclusion of individuals with disabilities in untamed neoliberal contexts and explains how the responsibilization of institutional actors could enhance what is practical and possible for the workplace inclusion of individuals with disabilities. Without such institutional responsibilization, our findings reveal that disability inclusion is left to the limited prospects of the market rationales to the extent of bottom-line utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The social climate in the classroom can impact students' mental well-being, behaviour and peer-learning opportunities. This article describes one way that elementary teachers can understand students' social networks using a sociogram. Findings show variation in classroom cohesion and reveal groups of students who are at higher risk of social exclusion. Discussion of implications includes possible reasons for students' social exclusion and ways teachers might use information to improve the social climate in the classroom. This article focuses on the role of initial teacher education programmes in building teacher skills to develop a robust and positive social climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the entanglement of social impacts of bottom-up urban branding processes on local hyperdiverse communities, through an ethnography of a neighborhood of Milan recently named by a group of residents as "NoLo." Indeed, existing literature has broadly investigated urban rebranding as a tool used by policy makers to foster social change and economic capital, imposing top-down transformations. Nevertheless, a gap in the bottom-up place rebranding processes exists. We inspect it through the aforementioned case study and by combining place branding literature, the loss of place identity and theories on empowerment. Empirically, we analyze the socioeconomic processes and the actors that enabled the rebranding, discussing the positive externalities and the criticalities in terms of marginalization of weaker social groups and cultural hegemony. As for the theory, we contribute to the literature arguing that a bottom-up process is not enough to avoid a loss of place identity, as it can lead to selective empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video game addiction, a prominent social problem throughout the world, could cause various harms to individuals' health and adaptation, especially among the youth. Against this background, its influencing factors have been a focus of relevant research, among which poor interpersonal relationships pose a great risk. Based on relevant research and the I-PACE model, the current study aimed to examine the association between social exclusion and video game addiction among college students, as well as the potential roles of depression and maladaptive cognition in this relationship. A total of 424 college students were recruited to participate in this study and were asked to complete a set of measurements. The results found that (1) social exclusion was positively associated with video game addiction; (2) depression and maladaptive cognition could significantly mediate the relationship, which contained three mediating pathways – the separate mediating effects of depression and maladaptive cognition, as well as the serial mediating effect of them. These findings could not only deepen our understanding of the relationship between these main variables but also offer some valuable insights for the prevention and intervention of video game addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate how being socially excluded (vs. included) affects people's distributive fairness judgements and their willingness to cooperate with others in subsequent interactions. For this purpose, we conducted three experiments in which we assessed individual differences in having experienced being socially excluded (Experiment 1, N = 164), and manipulated social exclusion (Experiment 2, N = 120; Experiment 3, N = 492). We studied how this impacted fairness judgements of three different outcome distributions (disadvantageous inequality, advantageous inequality, and equality) both within‐participants (Experiments 1 and 2) and between‐participants (Experiment 3). To assess behavioural consequences, we then also assessed participants' cooperation in a social dilemma game. Across the three experiments, we consistently found that social exclusion impacted fairness judgements. Compared to inclusion, excluded participants judged disadvantageous inequality as more unfair and advantageous inequality as less unfair. Moreover, compared to socially included participants, socially excluded participants were more willing to cooperate after experiencing advantageous rather than disadvantageous inequality, and feelings of acceptance served as a mediator in these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks back on the development of the »rehistoricising diagnostics« method. Furthermore, it is shown that this diagnostic procedure was significantly influenced by Italian »democratic psychiatry«, which was closely linked to the names of Franco Basaglia and Franca Ongaro Basaglia, among others, and which achieved a significant restructuring of Italian psychiatry. Rehistoricising diagnostic recognition, explanation and understanding fulfils the function of mediation and translation, so that social exclusion is overcome and participation is made possible, marks the conclusion of the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sense of ownership and agency are two important aspects of the minimal self, but how self-perception is affected by social conditions remains unclear. Here, we studied how social inclusion or exclusion of participants in the course of a virtual Cyberball game would affect explicit judgments and implicit measures of ownership and agency (proprioceptive drift, skin conductance responses, and intentional binding, respectively) in a virtual hand illusion paradigm, in which a virtual hand moved in or out of sync with the participants' own hand. Results show that synchrony affected all four measures. More importantly, this effect interacted with social inclusion/exclusion in the Cyberball game for both ownership and agency measure, showing that social exclusion reduces perceived agency and ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past studies on social exclusion and its impacts on prosocial behaviors and pro-environmental consumption intentions and behaviors yielded mixed results. By applying role identity theory, this study seeks to understand the role of socially excluded consumers in green food product consumption behavior through green identity. The significance of this research is that it seeks to establish the relationship between social exclusion and environmental behavior which is a relatively uncharted subject. Thus, it is important to know this relationship in order to come up with effective environmental policies that will encourage the participation of these socially excluded groups. Furthermore, this study tested the boundary conditions of these relationships by including the pro-environmental attitude as an important moderator. A time-lagged survey of 702 respondents was conducted and data were tested by using covariance-based structural equation modeling. The results revealed that social exclusion significantly predicted green identity. Results further stated that green identity was positively related to green consumption behavior (GCB). Additionally, the relationship between social exclusion was mediated by green identity; moreover, this mediation was moderated by the pro-environmental attitude so that social exclusion exhibits stronger green identities in the presence of the pro-environmental attitude. These findings have significant policy repercussions. By highlighting the potential of environmentalism to empower excluded groups and drive responsible consumption, the study aligns with goals like reducing inequalities (SDG 10) and promoting sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). These findings can be very useful for policymakers in order to define policy measures that are not only related to environmental matters, but also to social inclusion. For example, community-based programs incorporating both environmental education and people's support could assist in intervention of vulnerable people. It paves the way for initiatives that not only address environmental concerns but also foster social inclusion and build a more sustainable future for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the influence of social exclusion on the relapse tendency of female drug rehab patients, and the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of positive psychological capital. Method: A total of 288 female drug rehabilitation patients were selected, and the Social Exclusion Questionnaire (SEQ) was used to assess the degree of social exclusion experienced by the patients. The Relapse Tendency Questionnaire (RPQ) was used to evaluate the current tendency of drug relapse. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used to evaluate the self-esteem level of the patients, and the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PPCQ) was used to evaluate their level of positive psychological capital. Results: The SEQ scores of female drug rehab patients were positively correlated with the RPQ scores (beta = 0.41, P < 0.001) The RSES scores had a mediating effect between the scores of SEQ and RPQ, with a mediation effect size of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04-0. 15, accounting for 20.6% of the total effect). The PPCQ scores had a moderating effect between the scores of RSES and RPQ (beta = 0.08, P < 0.05) and between the scores of SEQ and RPQ (beta = 0.1 P < 0.05). Conclusion: Social exclusion could not only directly affect but also indirectly affect the relapse tendency through self-esteem of female drug rehab patients. Positive psychological capital could moderate the relationship between social exclusion, self-esteem, and relapse tendency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to explore the multidimensional nature of social inclusion (mSI) among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), and to identify the predictors of 3-year mSI and the mSI prediction using traditional and data-driven approaches. Methods: We used the baseline and 3-year follow-up data of 1119 patients from the Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) cohort in the Netherlands. The outcome mSI was defined as clusters derived from combined analyses of thirteen subscales from the Social Functioning Scale and the brief version of World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaires through K-means clustering. Prediction models were built through multinomial logistic regression (ModelMLR) and random forest (ModelRF), internally validated via bootstrapping and compared by accuracy and the discriminability of mSI subgroups. Results: We identified five mSI subgroups: "very low (social functioning)/very low (quality of life)" (8.58%), "low/low" (12.87%), "high/low" (49.24%), "medium/high" (18.05%), and "high/high" (11.26%). The mSI was robustly predicted by a genetic predisposition for SSD, premorbid adjustment, positive, negative, and depressive symptoms, number of met needs, and baseline satisfaction with the environment and social life. The ModelRF (61.61% [54.90%, 68.01%]; P =0.013) was cautiously considered outperform the ModelMLR (59.16% [55.75%, 62.58%]; P =0.994). Conclusion: We introduced and distinguished meaningful subgroups of mSI, which were modestly predictable from baseline clinical characteristics. A possibility for early prediction of mSI at the clinical stage may unlock the potential for faster and more impactful social support that is specifically tailored to the unique characteristics of the mSI subgroup to which a given patient belongs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drinking alcohol with co-workers is a common practice in many countries. However, because consumption of alcohol is socially unaccepted in several religious groups, the use of alcohol in an occupational context may be discriminatory and have negative side-effects. In annual surveys of part- and fulltime employees in Norway conducted between 2015 and 2022, we found that employees affiliated with religious minorities more often experienced social exclusion due to work-related alcohol use than non-religious employees and the religious majority. Experiencing alcohol-related social exclusion was related to more negative perceptions of the social work environment and more absence from work. Restrictive alcohol practices and policies at the workplace were associated with less social exclusion and appeared to be protective for religious minorities, without impairing the social work environment of other employees. Social exclusion of religious minorities can be reduced if employers limit or avoid serving alcohol to employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While research on Cuba may present a story of increasing tolerance for LGBT people, this article's gendered analysis highlights the fractured nature of the 'community', revealing social exclusion based on deeply embedded patriarchal, racialised, and classed gender norms. Based on ethnographic research with Cuban lesbian and bisexual women and drawing on examples of Cuban LGBT public social space, it argues that the discrimination and social exclusion that lesbian and bisexual women face is underpinned by Cuba's rigid machista gender norms, beyond straightforward sexism and sexual orientation discrimination. In three public spaces—CENESEX in Havana; gay clubs; and the Matanzas branch of the Iglesia de la Comunidad Metropolitana – Metropolitan Community Church – it shows how lesbian and bisexual women struggle to make social connections and community. This article develops the argument that, in this case study, political and social acceptance of different sexualities is built on a foundation of gender normativity, and excludes those who do not comply with gender norms. It brings a gendered analysis into the story of 'gay rights' in Cuba, which is often missing. Alongside other studies on lesbian and bisexual women across the world, this research helps demonstrate how LGBTIQ lives are structured by gender norms, and why it is important to consider gender in our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in suffering stressful life events (SLE) among women experiencing homelessness who had or had not been in prostitution. Data were collected from a sample of 135 women experiencing homelessness in Madrid. A total of 81% of the women interviewed had never been in prostitution, while 19% had been in prostitution at some point in their lives. Participants were recruited from shelters, drop-in centers, and public spaces. The information was collected using a structured interview. The results showed that women experiencing homelessness who had been in prostitution suffered a greater number of SLE, both in childhood and adolescence and throughout life. The interviewed who had been in prostitution were between two and nine times more likely to have experienced during their childhood and adolescence violence in their family, as well as to have run away from home, experienced abuse, attempted suicide, and used drugs excessively. Furthermore, during their lifetime, the interviewed who had been in prostitution were between two and four times more likely to suffer from serious physical and mental health issues, excessive alcohol consumption, intimate partner violence, physical violence from others, suicide attempts, police reporting, and unwanted pregnancies. Additionally, they were four to six times more likely to have been sexually assaulted or convicted/imprisoned for a crime, seven times more likely to have been arrested, and a striking 32 times more likely to have used drugs excessively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept defined as being away from social resources and opportunities, being unable to participate in society, and being socially disadvantaged in society. In Türkiye, problems, such as economic disadvantages, inequalities in access to public services, migration and displacement, and lack of infrastructure make social exclusion an important risk factor for children. Therefore, adapting the Social Exclusion Scale for Children to Turkish culture and language can help identify children exposed to social exclusion, better understand the problem, develop effective interventions, and build a more inclusive society. The aim of this study was to adapt the Social Exclusion Scale for Children (SESC) to Turkish society. The data of this methodological study were collected from 380 children aged 12–17. The content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency of SESC were analyzed. The results of this study showed the validity and reliability of SESC as a measurement instrument to assess social exclusion in Turkish children aged 12–17 in the school environment. The Turkish version of SESC was found brief, practical, age-appropriate, self-reported, easily applicable, valid, and reliable measurement instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India, a highly pronatalist country, places motherhood as a core element in defining women. Therefore, it is in this context that the choice of more and more women to be childfree needs to be analysed. This study attempted to explore the stigma and social exclusion faced by childfree women at home and in social settings. The qualitative methodology involving narrative enquiry was used to conduct in-depth interviews of 10 childfree women in India. It was found that stigma ranges from a very subtle manner of questioning to exclusion from certain domains, which often leads to self-regulated exclusion. Studies on the childfree community in India are only just emerging and are limited to the reasons behind childfree choices, while the current study extends to reveal the consequences of the childfree choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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International Students (IS) generate significant revenue in Australia, bringing diversity, but also distinctive needs and values. IS experience unique mental health challenges and their unmet support needs have recently received public and academic attention, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, framing IS as homogeneous misses important variations within this population. A nuanced understanding of diverse IS subgroups with regard to mental health and help seeking is missing from current research. This study therefore explores the experiences of Queer1 International Students (QIS) in Victoria2, and the barriers and facilitators that influence how they seek and gain mental health support. Results show that the persistent impacts of broader socio-cultural factors and systemic gaps in addressing QIS' intersectional needs act as barriers to accessing support, while awareness of intersectionality is critical in providing appropriate professional assistance to QIS. Findings suggest the need to build cultural competence and service collaborations to better support IS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the consideration of gender stereotypes objectification in the Russian language of various chronological periods, which occurs within the categories of social exclusion and social inclusion and is exemplified by the concepts “man” and “woman”. The study was carried out based on lexicographic sources. The corresponding lexemes: man, woman and the units that identify the attribute of the designated concept: male, female are considered as key representatives of these concepts. Regarding the period of the 11th – 17th centuries, the lexemes husband, wife are also considered. As a result of a definitional analysis of key lexemes denoting these concepts, changes within the “man – woman” opposition are identified, namely its specification and addition of new features. It has been established that in the period of the 11th – 14th centuries, the concept “woman” used to reveal the ambivalence within the framework of reflecting gender stereotyping. Up to the 19th century, this concept objectified the category of social exclusion, while in illustrating contexts a shift in the axiological parameter was revealed: from negative characteristics to the positive ones. The concept “man” consistently demonstrates the representation of positive characteristics and objectifies the category of social inclusion. It has been determined that in the materials of dictionaries of the modern Russian language, the most significant markers of the “man – woman” opposition are not social differences, but the natural ones. The conclusion is made about the peculiarities of gender stereotyping processes in the semantics of the lexemes man and woman, which can be socially- and nature-oriented.

Organising significant sports and cultural events becomes an impulse to accelerate the development of cities and regions. The changes concern various elements of urban space, from public transport to building infrastructure. In the face of increased media interest, city authorities are trying to create a positive image of the city as a place to settle, invest and visit. This involves beautifying public areas where people from marginalised groups also lead their lives. The homeless, vagrants, prostitutes and drug and alcohol addicts, through their appearance and non-standard behaviour, differ from the designed image of the city. The article focuses on the activities of authorities and local governments related to cleaning public spaces from groups affected by social exclusion, which intensifies in the preparation period for the Summer Olympic Games. The text is based on a review of press reports, scientific literature, and reports from organisations dealing with the problem of marginalisation. Analysing the collected material allows for a discussion on the actions taken, their frequency and the socio-political situation in which they occur. The results show that regardless of the city in which the Games are held, marginalised groups experience similar repression of a similar nature using analogous tools. The article attempts to systematise the available knowledge in historical and social contexts.

Abstract Background When managed effectively, oil wealth can drive economic development and improve wellbeing. Conversely, as has been the experience in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta, the presence of the oil industry can lead to environmental degradation and social and economic vulnerabilities with negative impacts on health and wellbeing. Few studies have explored the experiences and perceptions of these impacts among residents of host communities themselves. Methods This qualitative study explored Ogoni residents’ experiences and perceptions of oil-industry related economic exclusion and associated impacts on health and wellbeing. In-depth interviews with 22 participants from four Local Government Areas (LGAs) were analyzed with open (inductive) coding. Guided by constructivist philosophy, interpretation of emerging themes was informed by the concept of social exclusion which recognizes that multi-dimensional processes can deprive individuals or groups of resources, rights, goods, and services, thus limiting broader societal participation. Results Findings highlight the exclusionary impacts of the oil industry at the intersection of i) damaged livelihoods and family income, that increased economic vulnerability and reduced participants’ ability to meet basic needs including ability to pay for healthcare; ii) lack of progress on environmental remediation and non-transparent benefit sharing schemes that exacerbate economic displacement and contribute to ongoing exposures to air and water pollution; and iii) insufficient of investment in economic development and essential health services, limiting employment opportunities and ability to access adequate healthcare. Conclusion Addressing these issues requires integrated policy interventions focusing on equitable resource distribution, environmental restoration, and inclusive economic development to promote sustainable community resilience.

This study seeks to assess the stigma caused by electronic monitoring of individuals and its impact on society. The problem guiding the research can be summarized in the following question: Can electronic monitoring be considered a form of social stigma? Based on data collected from a series of studies conducted on the topic in the field of Law and Political Science, reflected in the bibliography that supports this study, it becomes possible to affirm that, like incarceration, electronic monitoring is also a form of stigmatizing the individual. Electronic monitoring is a tool that identifies the individual as someone who has committed a crime and, like all stigmas, it differentiates them from the rest of the population, thereby causing prejudices and other forms of discrimination. The general objective of the research is to assess how electronic monitoring generates stigmatized bodies in society. To give substance to the general objective, the specific objectives of the text, which are reflected in its structure in two sections, are: a) to evaluate, based on studies already conducted in the field of Law and Criminology, the concept of stigma and who the stigmatized people were throughout social evolution; b) to investigate how electronic monitoring is characterized by creating stigmatized bodies. The research method employed was hypothetical-deductive through the use of bibliographic and documentary research techniques.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to clarify the link between oral health-related quality of life (independent variable) and loneliness (outcome) among the general adult population (also stratified by sex). Methods Data were taken from a quota-based survey of the German general adult population (representative in terms of state, sex and age group), with n = 5,000 individuals (mean age was 46.9 years, SD: 15.3 years, ranging from 18 to 74 years). Oral health-related quality of life was quantified using the OHIP-G5. Loneliness was quantified using the De Jong Gierveld tool. Multiple linear regressions were conducted. Results After adjusting for several covariates, multiple linear regressions revealed that poor oral health-related quality of life is associated with higher loneliness levels in the total sample (β = 0.12, p

Abstract This paper studies the long-term consequences of unemployment on different dimensions of social exclusion. Based on longitudinal linked survey and administrative data from Germany and an event study analysis combined with inverse propensity score weighting, I document that becoming unemployed has lasting adverse effects on both individuals’ material well-being and their subjective perception of social status and integration, persisting even after four years. An examination of effect heterogeneity underscores that the enduring effects of job loss are more pronounced for individuals confronted with challenging labor market conditions, those with a history of repeated unemployment, and individuals with lower levels of educational attainment.

Abstract Background Key populations are defined as groups that are susceptible to HIV, including Men Sex with Men (MSM), Transgender (TG), Persons who Inject Drug (PID), and Female Sex Worker (FSW). These key populations groups are among the fastest-growing populations in Indonesia. These vulnerable groups are ostracized by society and health services, which makes it difficult to get treatment. This project was carried out to investigate the different experiences and perspectives of these key populations in facing and addressing social and spiritual exclusion. Methods A qualitative phenomenological study using photovoice was carried out from July to December 2022. Key populations comprising MSM, TG, PID, and FSW were recruited from community-based peer groups in West Bandung Regency using snowball sampling. This was followed by the Photovoice stages, from workshops to focus group discussions and interviews with audio recordings. Furthermore, thematic data analysis was carried out by interpretative participant narratives and photographs supported by Atlas.ti software. Result Eighteen participants comprising four MSM, five TG, four PIDs, and five FSWs participated in this research. Among these eighteen participants, six were HIV-negative, including 3 PIDs and 3 FSWs, while the remaining were positive. The analysis of the collected data identified four main themes: 1) limited access like unequal treatment, disadvantage, and harassment, 2) social and spiritual impact, 3) coping mechanisms, and 4) self-reflection through photovoice. These results showed that social exclusion occurred in an environment where community values, beliefs, and norms dehumanised these key populations, and where removal of support and care was prominent. Despite these challenges, participant resilience was evidenced by using internal resources and peer support as coping mechanisms. The participants considered photovoice as a tool to foster self-confidence and self-awareness through a reflective process. Conclusions The findings of this study highlight the emphasis on participants' openness in sharing their experiences, which can build empathy and promote a more inclusive community in HIV prevention efforts. This research findings can be used to inform HIV policy and practice and inclusion of these key populations in the community. We advocate making the photovoice efforts accessible to a wider audience through exhibitions and various media.

Abstract Examining the future trajectory of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reveals that challenges persist in achieving their targets. While each SDG embodies unique aspirations, overarching challenges permeate its implementation. This paper, with its primary goal to raise awareness about the challenges of SDG 10, directs attention to the challenges surrounding SDG 10, focusing on reducing inequality within and among countries. Through a concise exploration, it identifies five major obstacles impeding progress toward this goal. Firstly, economic inequality poses a significant barrier, with disparities in income and wealth acting as major hindrances to achieving equality. Secondly, social exclusion exacerbates these inequalities, with marginalized groups such as minorities, women, and people with disabilities facing significant barriers to accessing resources and opportunities. Thirdly, political barriers, including a lack of political will and ineffective governance systems, are impeding efforts to address inequality and promote inclusive policies. The fourth challenge is unequal education and healthcare access, perpetuating social and economic disparities. Finally, global economic interdependence, driven by globalization, is exacerbating inequalities between countries, particularly in areas such as trade, finance, and technology access. By delineating these challenges within SDG 10, this paper aims to underscore the multifaceted nature of inequality and the imperative for targeted interventions to advance sustainable development. It’s important to note that addressing these challenges is not a task for one entity, but requires the collective efforts of all stakeholders. It necessitates innovative strategies and, most importantly, collaborative partnerships to foster a more equitable and inclusive world. Your involvement, as a key stakeholder, is crucial in this endeavor.