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An efficient metal‐free DBU catalyzed approach for the construction of biologically significant quaternary carbon centered C‐3 functionalized 2‐oxindole derivatives through vinylogous reaction of 3‐cyano‐4‐methylcoumarins with 3‐arylsulfonyl‐3‐indolyloxindoles has been developed for first time. The developed protocol is simple, cost‐effective, and producing the desired products in good yields, without utilizing potentially harmful chemicals. Moreover, the synthesized 3,3‐disubstituted 2‐oxindole molecules contain established pharmacophors in their structure, i. e. oxindole‐, indole‐ and coumarin‐ moieties, which makes them a valuable candidate for drug development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenyldiazenyl moiety has been utilized both as a protective and activating group to synthesize C-1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines via lithiation–substitution strategy. This reaction sequence involves generation of α-amino carbanions, derived from N -phenyldiazenyl tetrahydroisoquinolines, followed by coupling with various electrophiles, e.g., aldehyde, ketones, alkyl halide, oxiranes, isocyanates, and with in situ generated arynes. Deprotection of the protecting group was carried out under acidic conditions to afford the desired α-substituted products in moderate to good yields. So, triazene as a protecting/directing group and its compatibility with strong bases provide a good synthetic utility for the synthesis of a variety of α-substituted secondary amines via lithiation substitution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work draws comparisons with stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory and provides a pertinent levering comprehension for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Indian automobile industry, by investigating consumers' attitude towards electric vehicles (EVs) offered by them. Four factors, (1) ostentatious (conspicuous) consumption, (2) ecological behaviour, (3) utilitarian shopping values and (4) lifestyle, have been accounted for, in this regard. Additionally, the study looks at how this mindset affects Indian customers' intentions to consistently use EVs (offered by SMEs). A sample of 382 Indian owners of EVs provided information via a standardized questionnaire. To make conclusions from the obtained data, the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was applied. According to the findings, only utilitarian shopping value – one of the four antecedents – has no discernible correlation with attitudes towards EVs that Indian SMEs sell. Also, the study provides evidence that attitude positively relates with continuous intention to use EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction project proposal evaluations received much attention during the recent years due to increased awareness of sustainability, value for money, and transparency. The bid evaluation matrix is the commonly used method in the construction industry for project proposal evaluation. The subjective judgments used for evaluation criteria are associated with significant uncertainty. Moreover, the transformation of qualitative evaluations raises significant data uncertainty. Attempts have been made by previous researchers to incorporate uncertainties associated with project bid evaluations, but the ability of those methods to account for 'true uncertainty' is questionable. The objective of this paper is to develop a fuzzy logic-based evaluation framework for project proposal evaluation. This use of type-2 fuzzy numbers sets the proposed approach apart from the current body of knowledge. An algorithm using type-2 fuzzy numbers was developed to define input uncertainty and parameter weights. The developed method was demonstrated using a building construction project case study. The proposed approach enables quantifying qualitative evaluations more comprehensively from a scientific basis, forming a generic proposal evaluation method applicable to various industry sectors. Key words: project proposal evaluation, data uncertainty, fuzzy set theory, type-2 fuzzy numbers. Les evaluations des propositions de projet de construction ont recu beaucoup d'attention au cours des dernieres annees en raison d'une sensibilisation accrue a la durabilite, a l'optimisation des ressources et a la transparence. La matrice devaluation des soumissions est la methode couramment utilisee par l'industrie de la construction pour revaluation des propositions de projet. Les jugements subjectifs utilises pour les criteres devaluation sont associes a une incertitude importante. De plus, la transformation des evaluations qualitatives souleve d'importantes incertitudes en matiere de donnees. Des chercheurs precedents ont tente d'integrer les incertitudes associees aux evaluations des soumissions de projet, mais la capacite de ces methodes a tenir compte de la <> est douteuse. Le present document vise a elaborer un cadre devaluation fonde surune logique floue pour revaluation des propositions de projet. Cette utilisation des nombres flous de type 2 distingue l'approche proposee de l'ensemble des connaissances actuelles. Un algorithme utilisant des nombres flous de type 2 a ete mis au point pour definir l'incertitude d'entree et les poids des parametres. La methode mise au point a ete demontree a l'aide d'une etude de cas sur un projet de construction de batiments. L'approche proposee permet de quantifier les evaluations qualitatives de facon plus complete sur le plan scientifique, formant une methode generique devaluation des propositions applicable a divers secteurs industriels. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: evaluation des propositions de projet, incertitude des donnees, theorie des ensembles flous, nombres flous de type 2., Introduction Infrastructure spending is a major strategy to stimulate economic development. A one billion dollar investment in infrastructure is estimated to generate $1.64 billion in economic benefits and create 18 [...]

In recent decades, India has been highlighted specific to the increasing incidence of sexual violence against women. A few cases in metropolitan cities in India have received significant media coverage [...]

Background: Rhino-orbito-cerebral-mucormycosis (ROCM) associated with COVID-19 infection was at its peak during and immediately after the second wave of the pandemic in India during 2021. Many of the risk factors were implicated in the development of this deadly fungal infection, when there was a sudden surge of cases, especially who had a history of COVID-19 infection. Objectives: The objective of the study was to describe the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in invasive mucormycosis and to evaluate the extent and severity of invasive mucormycosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out for 4 months which included 60 patients who underwent MRI using a Siemens Avanto 1.5 Tesla scanner. During our study, 68 cases were selected based on clinicoradiological features suspected of ROCM. However, 8 patients were excluded on the basis of exclusion criteria as either there was no definitive evidence of COVID infection or were proven to be negative for mucormycosis on microbiological examination. Results: On the basis of the spectrum of MRI findings, post-COVID-19 related ROCM was broadly categorized into three stages. Out of total of 60 patients, the disease was localized to the nasal and paranasal sinus region (Stage I) in 7 patients (11.66%), extending to adjacent extrasinus orofacial soft tissue structures (Stage II) in 36 patients (60%), and intracranial extension of disease (Stage III) was seen in 17 patients (28.33%). Conclusion: In post-COVID-19 patients presenting with clinical features suspected of ROCM, MRI imaging helps in early diagnosis and staging/severity of ROCM, so that timely intervention can be planned to reduce mortality as well as morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]