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2. A Multivariate Multilevel Longitudinal Functional Model for Repeatedly Observed Human Movement Data

Author

Gunning, Edward, Golovkine, Steven, Simpkin, Andrew J., Burke, Aoife, Dillon, Sarah, Gore, Shane, Moran, Kieran, O'Connor, Siobhan, Whyte, Enda, and Bargary, Norma

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Biomechanics and human movement research often involves measuring multiple kinematic or kinetic variables regularly throughout a movement, yielding data that present as smooth, multivariate, time-varying curves and are naturally amenable to functional data analysis. It is now increasingly common to record the same movement repeatedly for each individual, resulting in curves that are serially correlated and can be viewed as longitudinal functional data. We present a new approach for modelling multivariate multilevel longitudinal functional data, with application to kinematic data from recreational runners collected during a treadmill run. For each stride, the runners' hip, knee and ankle angles are modelled jointly as smooth multivariate functions that depend on subject-specific covariates. Longitudinally varying multivariate functional random effects are used to capture the dependence among adjacent strides and changes in the multivariate functions over the course of the treadmill run. A basis modelling approach is adopted to fit the model -- we represent each observation using a multivariate functional principal components basis and model the basis coefficients using scalar longitudinal mixed effects models. The predicted random effects are used to understand and visualise changes in the multivariate functional data over the course of the treadmill run. In our application, our method quantifies the effects of scalar covariates on the multivariate functional data, revealing a statistically significant effect of running speed at the hip, knee and ankle joints. Analysis of the predicted random effects reveals that individuals' kinematics are generally stable but certain individuals who exhibit strong changes during the run can also be identified. A simulation study is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology under realistic data-generating scenarios., Comment: Extends/ builds upon the work in arXiv:2408.08200

Published
2024

3. Analysing kinematic data from recreational runners using functional data analysis

Author

Gunning, Edward, Golovkine, Steven, Simpkin, Andrew J., Burke, Aoife, Dillon, Sarah, Gore, Shane, Moran, Kieran, O'Connor, Siobhan, Whyte, Enda, and Bargary, Norma

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

We present a multivariate functional mixed effects model for kinematic data from a large number of recreational runners. The runners' sagittal plane hip and knee angles are modelled jointly as a bivariate function with random effects functions used to account for the dependence among measurements from either side of the body. The model is fitted by first applying multivariate functional principal component analysis (mv-FPCA) and then modelling the mv-FPCA scores using scalar linear mixed effects models. Simulation and bootstrap approaches are introduced to construct simultaneous confidence bands for the fixed effects functions, and covariance functions are reconstructed to summarise the variability structure in the data and thoroughly investigate the suitability of the proposed model. In our scientific application, we observe a statistically significant effect of running speed on both the hip and knee angles. We also observe strong within-subject correlations, reflecting the highly idiosyncratic nature of running technique. Our approach is more generally applicable to modelling multiple streams of smooth kinematic or kinetic data measured repeatedly for multiple subjects in complex experimental designs.

Published
2024

5. On the estimation of the number of components in multivariate functional principal component analysis

Author

Golovkine, Steven, Gunning, Edward, Simpkin, Andrew J., and Bargary, Norma

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Machine Learning, 62R10
Abstract

Happ and Greven (2018) developed a methodology for principal components analysis of multivariate functional data for data observed on different dimensional domains. Their approach relies on an estimation of univariate functional principal components for each univariate functional feature. In this paper, we present extensive simulations to investigate choosing the number of principal components to retain. We show empirically that the conventional approach of using a percentage of variance explained threshold for each univariate functional feature may be unreliable when aiming to explain an overall percentage of variance in the multivariate functional data, and thus we advise practitioners to be careful when using it., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023

6. On the use of the Gram matrix for multivariate functional principal components analysis

Author

Golovkine, Steven, Gunning, Edward, Simpkin, Andrew J., and Bargary, Norma

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Machine Learning, 62R10
Abstract

Dimension reduction is crucial in functional data analysis (FDA). The key tool to reduce the dimension of the data is functional principal component analysis. Existing approaches for functional principal component analysis usually involve the diagonalization of the covariance operator. With the increasing size and complexity of functional datasets, estimating the covariance operator has become more challenging. Therefore, there is a growing need for efficient methodologies to estimate the eigencomponents. Using the duality of the space of observations and the space of functional features, we propose to use the inner-product between the curves to estimate the eigenelements of multivariate and multidimensional functional datasets. The relationship between the eigenelements of the covariance operator and those of the inner-product matrix is established. We explore the application of these methodologies in several FDA settings and provide general guidance on their usability., Comment: 34 pages, 18 figures, Supplementary: 3 pages

Published
2023

12. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Global TAVR Activity: The COVID-TAVI Study

Author

Armario, Xavier, Carron, Jennifer, Simpkin, Andrew J., Elhadi, Mohamed, Kennedy, Ciara, Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed, Bleiziffer, Sabine, Lefèvre, Thierry, Wolf, Alexander, Pilgrim, Thomas, Villablanca, Pedro A., Blackman, Daniel J., Van Mieghem, Nicolas M., Hengstenberg, Christian, Swaans, Martin J., Prendergast, Bernard D., Patterson, Tiffany, Barbanti, Marco, Webb, John G., Behan, Miles, Resar, Jon, Chen, Mao, Hildick-Smith, David, Spence, Mark S., Zweiker, David, Bagur, Rodrigo, Teles, Rui, Ribichini, Flavio L., Jagielak, Dariusz, Park, Duk-Woo, Kornowski, Ran, Wykrzykowska, Joanna J., Bunc, Matjaz, Estévez-Loureiro, Rodrigo, Poon, Karl, Götberg, Matthias, Jeger, Raban V., Ince, Hüseyin, Packer, Erik J.S., Angelillis, Marco, Nombela-Franco, Luis, Guo, Yingqiang, Savontaus, Mikko, Al-Moghairi, Abdulrahman M., Parasca, Catalina Andreea, Kliger, Chad, Roy, David, Molnár, Levente, Silva, Mariana, White, Jonathon, Yamamoto, Masanori, Carrilho-Ferreira, Pedro, Toggweiler, Stefan, Voudris, Vassileios, Ohno, Yohei, Rodrigues, Inês, Parma, Radosław, Ojeda, Soledad, Toutouzas, Kostas, Regueiro, Ander, Grygier, Marek, AlMerri, Khaled, Cruz-González, Ignacio, Fridrich, Viliam, de la Torre Hernández, José M., Noble, Stephane, Kala, Petr, Asmarats, Lluis, Kurt, Ibrahim Halil, Bosmans, Johan, Erglis, Martins, Casserly, Ivan, Iskandarani, Dounia, Bhindi, Ravinay, Kefer, Joelle, Yin, Wei-Hsian, Rosseel, Liesbeth, Kim, Hyo-Soo, O'Connor, Stephen, Hellig, Farrel, Sztejfman, Matias, Mendiz, Oscar, Pineda, Andres M., Seth, Ashok, Pllaha, Elton, de Brito, Fabio S., Jr., Bajoras, Vilhelmas, Balghith, Mohammed A., Lee, Michael, Eid-Lidt, Guering, Vandeloo, Bert, Vaz, Vinicius Daher, Alasnag, Mirvat, Ussia, Gian Paolo, Tay, Edgar, Mayol, Jorge, Gunasekaran, Sengottuvelu, Sardella, Gennaro, Buddhari, Wacin, Kao, Hsien-Li, Dager, Antonio, Tzikas, Apostolos, Gudmundsdottir, Ingibjörg J., Edris, Ahmad, Gutiérrez Jaikel, Luis Abel, Arias, Eduardo A., Al-Hijji, Mohammed, Ertürk, Mehmet, Conde-Vela, César, Boljević, Darko, Ferrero Guadagnoli, Adolfo, Hermlin, Toomas, ElGuindy, Ahmed M., Lima-Filho, Moysés de Oliveira, de Moura Santos, Luciano, Perez, Luis, Maluenda, Gabriel, Akyüz, Ali Rıza, Alhaddad, Imad A., Amin, Haitham, So, Chak-Yu, Al Nooryani, Arif A., Vaca, Carlos, Albistur, Juan, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Arzamendi, Dabit, Grube, Eberhard, Modine, Thomas, Tchétché, Didier, Hayashida, Kentaro, Latib, Azeem, Makkar, Raj R., Piazza, Nicolo, Søndergaard, Lars, McEvoy, John William, and Mylotte, Darren

Published
2024
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14. Association between the timing of childhood adversity and epigenetic patterns across childhood and adolescence: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective cohort

Author

Lussier, Alexandre A, Zhu, Yiwen, Smith, Brooke J, Cerutti, Janine, Fisher, Jonah, Melton, Phillip E, Wood, Natasha M, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Huang, Rae-Chi, Mitchell, Colter, Schneper, Lisa, Notterman, Daniel A, Simpkin, Andrew J, Smith, Andrew D A C, Suderman, Matthew J, Walton, Esther, Relton, Caroline L, Ressler, Kerry J, and Dunn, Erin C

Published
2023
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20. Prenatal and early life influences on epigenetic age in children: a study of mother–offspring pairs from two cohort studies

Author

Simpkin, Andrew J, Hemani, Gibran, Suderman, Matthew, Gaunt, Tom R, Lyttleton, Oliver, Mcardle, Wendy L, Ring, Susan M, Sharp, Gemma C, Tilling, Kate, Horvath, Steve, Kunze, Sonja, Peters, Annette, Waldenberger, Melanie, Ward-Caviness, Cavin, Nohr, Ellen A, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Relton, Caroline L, and Smith, George Davey

Subjects
Aging, Pediatric Research Initiative, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Genetics, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Prevention, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Birth Weight, Child, Cohort Studies, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mothers, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging are highly correlated with actual age. Departures of methylation-estimated age from actual age can be used to define epigenetic measures of child development or age acceleration (AA) in adults. Very little is known about genetic or environmental determinants of these epigenetic measures of aging. We obtained DNA methylation profiles using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips across five time-points in 1018 mother-child pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Using the Horvath age estimation method, we calculated epigenetic age for these samples. AA was defined as the residuals from regressing epigenetic age on actual age. AA was tested for associations with cross-sectional clinical variables in children. We identified associations between AA and sex, birth weight, birth by caesarean section and several maternal characteristics in pregnancy, namely smoking, weight, BMI, selenium and cholesterol level. Offspring of non-drinkers had higher AA on average but this difference appeared to resolve during childhood. The associations between sex, birth weight and AA found in ARIES were replicated in an independent cohort (GOYA). In children, epigenetic AA measures are associated with several clinically relevant variables, and early life exposures appear to be associated with changes in AA during adolescence. Further research into epigenetic aging, including the use of causal inference methods, is required to better our understanding of aging.

Published
2016

21. Epigenetic aging & embodying injustice: US My Body My Story and Multi-Ethnic Atherosclerosis Study

Author

Krieger, Nancy, primary, Testa, Christian, additional, Chen, Jarvis T., additional, Johnson, Nykesha, additional, Watkins, Sarah H., additional, Suderman, Matthew, additional, Simpkin, Andrew J., additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Waterman, Pamela D., additional, Coull, Brent A., additional, Vivo, Immaculata De, additional, Smith, George Davey, additional, Roux, Ana V. Diez, additional, and Relton, Caroline, additional

Published
2023
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22. An epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation, racialized and economic inequities, and air pollution

Author

Watkins, Sarah Holmes, primary, Testa, Christian, additional, Simpkin, Andrew J, additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, Coull, Brent, additional, De Vivo, Immaculata, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Waterman, Pamela D, additional, Chen, Jarvis T, additional, Diez Roux, Ana V, additional, Krieger, Nancy, additional, Suderman, Matthew, additional, and Relton, Caroline, additional

Published
2023
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28. Soft robot–mediated autonomous adaptation to fibrotic capsule formation for improved drug delivery

Author

Beatty, Rachel, primary, Mendez, Keegan L., additional, Schreiber, Lucien H. J., additional, Tarpey, Ruth, additional, Whyte, William, additional, Fan, Yiling, additional, Robinson, Scott T., additional, O’Dwyer, Joanne, additional, Simpkin, Andrew J., additional, Tannian, Joseph, additional, Dockery, Peter, additional, Dolan, Eimear B., additional, Roche, Ellen T., additional, and Duffy, Garry P., additional

Published
2023
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32. A new multiplex SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray showed correlation of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies from patients with COVID-19 disease severity and maintenance of relative IgA and IgM antigen binding over time

Author

Berre, Marie Le, primary, Paulovčáková, Terézia, additional, Verissimo, Carolina De Marco, additional, Doyle, Seán, additional, Dalton, John P., additional, Masterson, Claire, additional, Martínez, Eduardo Ribes, additional, Walsh, Laura, additional, Gormley, Conor, additional, Laffey, John G., additional, McNicholas, Bairbre, additional, Simpkin, Andrew J., additional, and Kilcoyne, Michelle, additional

Published
2023
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33. Efficacy of Levosimendan Infusion in Patients Undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in a propensity score-matched analysis of the EUROMACS Registry – the Euro LEVO-LVAD Study

Author

Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, primary, Caliskan, Kadir, additional, Simpkin, Andrew J, additional, Elkoumy, Ahmed, additional, Kimman, Jesse R, additional, Elsherbini, Hagar, additional, Elzomor, Hesham, additional, de By, Theo M M H, additional, Gollmann-Tepeköylü, Can, additional, Berchtold-Herz, Michael, additional, Loforte, Antonio, additional, Reineke, David, additional, Schoenrath, Felix, additional, Paluszkiewicz, Lech, additional, Gummert, Jan, additional, Mohacsi, Paul, additional, Meyns, Bart, additional, and Soliman, Osama, additional

Published
2023
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34. A new multiplex SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray showed correlation of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies from patients with COVID-19 disease severity and maintenance of relative IgA and IgM antigen binding over time

Author

Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S., Berre, Marie Le, Paulovčáková, Terézia, Verissimo, Carolina De Marco, Doyle, Sean, Dalton, John P., Masterson, Claire, Martínez, Eduardo Ribes, Walsh, Laura, Gormley, Conor, Laffey, John G., McNicholas, Bairbre, Simpkin, Andrew J., Kilcoyne, Michelle, Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S., Berre, Marie Le, Paulovčáková, Terézia, Verissimo, Carolina De Marco, Doyle, Sean, Dalton, John P., Masterson, Claire, Martínez, Eduardo Ribes, Walsh, Laura, Gormley, Conor, Laffey, John G., McNicholas, Bairbre, Simpkin, Andrew J., and Kilcoyne, Michelle

Abstract

Zoonotic spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans in December 2019 caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Serological monitoring is critical for detailed understanding of individual immune responses to infection and protection to guide clinical therapeutic and vaccine strategies. We developed a high throughput multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray incorporating spike (S) and nucleocapsid protein (NP) and fragments expressed in various hosts which allowed simultaneous assessment of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM responses. Antigen glycosylation influenced antibody binding, with S glycosylation generally increasing and NP glycosylation decreasing binding. Purified antibody isotypes demonstrated a binding pattern and intensity different from the same isotype in whole serum, probably due to competition from the other isotypes present. Using purified antibody isotypes from naïve Irish COVID-19 patients, we correlated antibody isotype binding to different panels of antigens with disease severity, with binding to the S region S1 expressed in insect cells (S1 Sf21) significant for IgG, IgA, and IgM. Assessing longitudinal response for constant concentrations of purified antibody isotypes for a patient subset demonstrated that the relative proportion of antigen-specific IgGs decreased over time for severe disease, but the relative proportion of antigen-specific IgA binding remained at the same magnitude at 5 and 9 months post-first symptom onset. Further, the relative proportion of IgM binding decreased for S antigens but remained the same for NP antigens. This may support antigen-specific serum IgA and IgM playing a role in maintaining longer-term protection, important for developing and assessing vaccine strategies. Overall, these data demonstrate the multiplexed platform as a sensitive and useful platform for expanded humoral immunity studies, allowing detailed elucidation of antibody isotypes response against mult

Published
2023

35. Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies

Author

Mcnicholas, B, Rezoagli, E, Simpkin, A, Khanna, S, Suen, J, Yeung, P, Brodie, D, Li Bassi, G, Pham, T, Bellani, G, Fraser, J, Laffey, J, McNicholas, Bairbre A, Rezoagli, Emanuele, Simpkin, Andrew J, Khanna, Sankalp, Suen, Jacky Y, Yeung, Pauline, Brodie, Daniel, Li Bassi, Gianluigi, Pham, Tai, Bellani, Giacomo, Fraser, John F, Laffey, John, Mcnicholas, B, Rezoagli, E, Simpkin, A, Khanna, S, Suen, J, Yeung, P, Brodie, D, Li Bassi, G, Pham, T, Bellani, G, Fraser, J, Laffey, J, McNicholas, Bairbre A, Rezoagli, Emanuele, Simpkin, Andrew J, Khanna, Sankalp, Suen, Jacky Y, Yeung, Pauline, Brodie, Daniel, Li Bassi, Gianluigi, Pham, Tai, Bellani, Giacomo, Fraser, John F, and Laffey, John

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and severe complication of both COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and non-COVID-19-related ARDS. The COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium (CCCC) has generated a global data set on the demographics, management and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients. The LUNG-SAFE study was an international prospective cohort study of patients with severe respiratory failure, including ARDS, which pre-dated the pandemic. Methods: The incidence, demographic profile, management and outcomes of early AKI in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19-related ARDS were described and compared with AKI in a non-COVID-19-related ARDS cohort. Results: Of 18,964 patients in the CCCC data set, 1699 patients with COVID-19-related ARDS required invasive ventilation and had relevant outcome data. Of these, 110 (6.5%) had stage 1, 94 (5.5%) had stage 2, 151 (8.9%) had stage 3 AKI, while 1214 (79.1%) had no AKI within 48 h of initiating invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients developing AKI were older and more likely to have hypertension or chronic cardiac disease. There were geo-economic differences in the incidence of AKI, with lower incidence of stage 3 AKI in European high-income countries and a higher incidence in patients from middle-income countries. Both 28-day and 90-day mortality risk was increased for patients with stage 2 (HR 2.00, p < 0.001) and stage 3 AKI (HR 1.95, p < 0.001). Compared to non-COVID-19 ARDS, the incidence of shock was reduced with lower cardiovascular SOFA score across all patient groups, while hospital mortality was worse in all groups [no AKI (30 vs 50%), Stage 1 (38 vs 58%), Stage 2 (56 vs 74%), and Stage 3 (52 vs 72%), p < 0.001]. The time profile of onset of AKI also differed, with 56% of all AKI occurring in the first 48 h in patients with COVID-19 ARDS compared to 89% in the non-COVID-19 ARDS population. Conclusion: AKI is a common and serious com

Published
2023

36. Efficacy of levosimendan infusion in patients undergoing a left ventricular assist device implant in a propensity score matched analysis of the EUROMACS registry-the Euro LEVO-LVAD study

Author

Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Caliskan, Kadir, Simpkin, Andrew J., Elkoumy, Ahmed, Kimman, Jesse R., Elsherbini, Hagar, Elzomor, Hesham, de By, Theo M.M.H., Gollmann-Tepeköylü, Can, Berchtold-Herz, Michael, Loforte, Antonio, Reineke, David, Schoenrath, Felix, Paluszkiewicz, Lech, Gummert, Jan, Mohacsi, Paul, Meyns, Bart, Soliman, Osama, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Caliskan, Kadir, Simpkin, Andrew J., Elkoumy, Ahmed, Kimman, Jesse R., Elsherbini, Hagar, Elzomor, Hesham, de By, Theo M.M.H., Gollmann-Tepeköylü, Can, Berchtold-Herz, Michael, Loforte, Antonio, Reineke, David, Schoenrath, Felix, Paluszkiewicz, Lech, Gummert, Jan, Mohacsi, Paul, Meyns, Bart, and Soliman, Osama

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Early right-sided heart failure (RHF) was seen in 22% of recipients of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS). However, the optimal treatment of post-LVAD RHF is not well known. Levosimendan has proven to be effective in patients with cardiogenic shock and in those with end-stage heart failure. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of levosimendan on post-LVAD RHF and 30-day and 1-year mortality. METHODS: The EUROMACS Registry was used to identify adults with mainstream continuous-flow LVAD implants who were treated with preoperative levosimendan compared to a propensity matched control cohort. RESULTS: In total, 3661 patients received mainstream LVAD, of which 399 (11%) were treated with levosimendan pre-LVAD. Patients given levosimendan had a higher EUROMACS RHF score [4 (2- 5.5) vs 2 (2- 4); P < 0.001], received more right ventricular assist devices (RVAD) [32 (8%) vs 178 (5.5%); P = 0.038] and stayed longer in the intensive care unit post-LVAD implant [19 (8-35) vs 11(5-25); P < 0.001]. Yet, there was no significant difference in the rate of RHF, 30-day, or 1-year mortality. Also, in the matched cohort (357 patients taking levosimendan compared to an average of 622 controls across 20 imputations), we found no evidence for a difference in postoperative severe RHF, RVAD implant rate, length of stay in the intensive care unit or 30-day and 1-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis of the EUROMACS registry, we found no evidence for an association between levosimendan and early RHF or death, albeit patients taking levosimendan had much higher risk profiles. For a definitive conclusion, a multicentre, randomized study is warranted.

Published
2023

37. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and DNA Methylation in Newborns: Findings From the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics Consortium

Author

Kazmi, Nabila, Sharp, Gemma C., Reese, Sarah E., Vehmeijer, Florianne O., Lahti, Jari, Page, Christian M., Zhang, Weiming, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L., Rezwan, Faisal I., Simpkin, Andrew J., Burrows, Kimberley, Richardson, Tom G., Santos Ferreira, Diana L., Fraser, Abigail, Harmon, Quaker E., Zhao, Shanshan, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., Czamara, Darina, Binder, Elisabeth B., Magnus, Maria C., Håberg, Siri E., Nystad, Wenche, Nohr, Ellen A., Starling, Anne P., Kechris, Katerina J., Yang, Ivana V., DeMeo, Dawn L., Litonjua, Augusto A., Baccarelli, Andrea, Oken, Emily, Holloway, John W., Karmaus, Wilfried, Arshad, Syed H., Dabelea, Dana, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Laivuori, Hannele, Raikkonen, Katri, Felix, Janine F., London, Stephanie J., Hivert, Marie-France, Gaunt, Tom R., Lawlor, Debbie A., and Relton, Caroline L.

Published
2019
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39. Suicide under the Nazi-regime: A Case-control Study among Amsterdam Jews.

Author

Tammes, Peter, Jones, Tim, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, and Simpkin, Andrew J.

Subjects
SUICIDE, SUICIDE risk factors, CASE-control method, RELIGIOUS identity, SUICIDE victims
Abstract

Jewish suicides increased heavily under Nazi-rule. This research investigated risk factors for dying from suicide according to sociodemographic characteristics, local context, and time periods. Nazi-registration of Amsterdam residents of Jewish origin in 1941 linked to death and suicide lists. The added suicides after the Nazi-invasion (1940, n = 115) and the suicides when deportation trains ran (1942/1943, n = 182) were each matched to 25 controls using sex and age. Suicide was compared across migrant, occupational, marital, and religious status and neighborhood religiosity. Conditional logistic regression was applied, stratified by time period. In 1940, immigrant (cf. native born, odds ratio (OR) 1.89, 95%CI 1.21–2.96, p =.005) and married Jews (cf. previously married) showed higher suicide risk; members of Israelite Congregations (cf. nonmembers, OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.22–0.56, p <.001) showed reduced risk. Jews living in low synagogue rate neighborhoods showed higher risk compared to those living in neighborhoods without any synagogues (OR 2.48, 95%CI 1.65–3.72, p <.001) while those living in high synagogue rate neighborhoods showed no increased risk (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.30–1.11, p =.10). In 1942/1943, the association between religious status (OR 1.07, 95%CI 0.67, 1.72, p =.77), synagogue rate (OR 1.27, 95%CI 0.91–1.77, p =.16), immigrant status (OR 1.30, 95%CI 0.92–1.84, p =.14) and suicide attenuated; Jews in managerial/professional occupations (cf. workers) or unmarried (cf. married) showed higher risk. In 1940, immigrants' higher suicide risk likely indicates greater fear of Nazis while religious affiliation's lower risk might indicate a protective effect of religious belief. In 1942/1943, risk differences markedly attenuated likely indicating increased fear of Nazis among all Jews. Religiously affiliated Jews showed reduced risk of dying from suicide after the Nazi-invasion Jewish immigrants showed higher risk of dying from suicide after the Nazi-invasion By 1942/1943, these risks attenuated indicating fear of the Nazis spread and nullified religion's protection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. Use of Correct and Incorrect Methods of Accounting for Age in Studies of Epigenetic Accelerated Aging: Implications and Recommendations for Best Practices

Author

Krieger, Nancy, primary, Chen, Jarvis T, additional, Testa, Christian, additional, Diez Roux, Ana, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Watkins, Sarah, additional, Simpkin, Andrew J, additional, Suderman, Matthew, additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, De Vivo, Immaculata, additional, Waterman, Pamela D, additional, and Relton, Caroline, additional

Published
2023
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42. Epigenetic clocks and research implications of the lack of data on whom they have been developed: a review of reported and missing sociodemographic characteristics

Author

Watkins, Sarah Holmes, primary, Testa, Christian, additional, Chen, Jarvis T, additional, De Vivo, Immaculata, additional, Simpkin, Andrew J, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Diez Roux, Ana V, additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, Waterman, Pamela D, additional, Suderman, Matthew, additional, Relton, Caroline, additional, and Krieger, Nancy, additional

Published
2023
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43. Additional file 1 of Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies

Author

McNicholas, Bairbre A., Rezoagli, Emanuele, Simpkin, Andrew J., Khanna, Sankalp, Suen, Jacky Y., Yeung, Pauline, Brodie, Daniel, Li Bassi, Gianluigi, Pham, Tai, Bellani, Giacomo, Fraser, John F., and Laffey, John

Abstract

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Flow chart for outcome analysis for LUNG-SAFE study. AKI acute kidney injury; CKD chronic kidney disease; MV mechanical ventilation. Fig. S2. Flow chart for outcome analysis including chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI acute kidney injury; CKD chronic kidney disease; MV mechanical ventilation. Fig. S3. Kaplan–Meier plot of 28-day hospital survival and AKI stage (including CKD). Fig. S4. Kaplan–Meier plot of 90-day hospital survival and AKI stage (including CKD). Fig. S5. Hazard ratio plots for 28-day ICU mortality against AKI stage (including CKD patients). Fig. S6. Hazard ratio plots for 90-day hospital mortality against AKI stage (including CKD patients). Fig. S7. Number of missing observations per variable included in analysis. Fig. S8. Hazard ratio plots for 28-day ICU mortality against AKI stage (using geographic region). Fig. S9. Hazard ratio plots for 90-day hospital mortality against AKI stage (using geographic region).

Published
2023
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45. Additional file 2 of Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies

Author

McNicholas, Bairbre A., Rezoagli, Emanuele, Simpkin, Andrew J., Khanna, Sankalp, Suen, Jacky Y., Yeung, Pauline, Brodie, Daniel, Li Bassi, Gianluigi, Pham, Tai, Bellani, Giacomo, Fraser, John F., and Laffey, John

Abstract

Additional file 2: Table S1. Time frame of development of AKI in patients with COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 ARDS. Table S2. Patients with elevated SOFA cardiovascular scores in patients with COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 ARDS. Table S3. Outcomes of patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS stratified by the presence of AKI. Table S4. Cox proportional hazards model of 28-day mortality. Table S5. Cox proportional hazards model of 90-day mortality in hospital. Table S6. Cox proportional hazards model of 28-day mortality on invasive mechanical ventilation using 412 patients with fully observed data (complete cases). Table S7. Cox proportional hazards model of 90-day mortality in hospital using 412 patients with fully observed data (complete cases). Table S8. Incidence of acute kidney injury during each 3-month period for the CCCC study.

Published
2023
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46. Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies

Author

McNicholas, Bairbre A, Rezoagli, Emanuele, Simpkin, Andrew J, Khanna, Sankalp, Suen, Jacky Y, Yeung, Pauline, Brodie, Daniel, Li Bassi, Gianluigi, Pham, Tai, Bellani, Giacomo, Fraser, John F, Laffey, John, Mcnicholas, B, Rezoagli, E, Simpkin, A, Khanna, S, Suen, J, Yeung, P, Brodie, D, Li Bassi, G, Pham, T, Bellani, G, Fraser, J, and Laffey, J

Subjects
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, 28-day mortality, COVID-19, Acute Kidney Injury, Intensive Care Units, 90-day mortality, Risk Factors, Humans, ARDS, Prospective Studies, Hospital Mortality, Cohort study, Outcome, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and severe complication of both COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and non-COVID-19-related ARDS. The COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium (CCCC) has generated a global data set on the demographics, management and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients. The LUNG-SAFE study was an international prospective cohort study of patients with severe respiratory failure, including ARDS, which pre-dated the pandemic. Methods: The incidence, demographic profile, management and outcomes of early AKI in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19-related ARDS were described and compared with AKI in a non-COVID-19-related ARDS cohort. Results: Of 18,964 patients in the CCCC data set, 1699 patients with COVID-19-related ARDS required invasive ventilation and had relevant outcome data. Of these, 110 (6.5%) had stage 1, 94 (5.5%) had stage 2, 151 (8.9%) had stage 3 AKI, while 1214 (79.1%) had no AKI within 48 h of initiating invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients developing AKI were older and more likely to have hypertension or chronic cardiac disease. There were geo-economic differences in the incidence of AKI, with lower incidence of stage 3 AKI in European high-income countries and a higher incidence in patients from middle-income countries. Both 28-day and 90-day mortality risk was increased for patients with stage 2 (HR 2.00, p < 0.001) and stage 3 AKI (HR 1.95, p < 0.001). Compared to non-COVID-19 ARDS, the incidence of shock was reduced with lower cardiovascular SOFA score across all patient groups, while hospital mortality was worse in all groups [no AKI (30 vs 50%), Stage 1 (38 vs 58%), Stage 2 (56 vs 74%), and Stage 3 (52 vs 72%), p < 0.001]. The time profile of onset of AKI also differed, with 56% of all AKI occurring in the first 48 h in patients with COVID-19 ARDS compared to 89% in the non-COVID-19 ARDS population. Conclusion: AKI is a common and serious complication of COVID-19, with a high mortality rate, which differs by geo-economic location. Important differences exist in the profile of AKI in COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 ARDS in terms of their haemodynamic profile, time of onset and clinical outcomes.

Published
2022

48. Epigenetic clocks and research implications of the lack of data on whom they have been developed: a review of reported and missing sociodemographic characteristics

Author

Watkins, Sarah Holmes, primary, Testa, Christian, additional, Chen, Jarvis T, additional, De Vivo, Immaculata, additional, Simpkin, Andrew J, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Roux, Ana V Diez, additional, Smith, George Davey, additional, Waterman, Pamela D, additional, Suderman, Matthew, additional, Relton, Caroline, additional, and Krieger, Nancy, additional

Published
2022
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49. The impact of low input DNA on the reliability of DNA methylation as measured by the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip

Author

Watkins, Sarah Holmes, primary, Ho, Karen, additional, Testa, Christian, additional, Falk, Louise, additional, Soule, Patrice, additional, Nguyen, Linda V., additional, FitzGibbon, Sophie, additional, Slack, Catherine, additional, Chen, Jarvis T., additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, De Vivo, Immaculata, additional, Simpkin, Andrew J., additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Waterman, Pamela D., additional, Krieger, Nancy, additional, Suderman, Matthew, additional, and Relton, Caroline, additional

Published
2022
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