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Abstract Background Tourniquets are routinely employed to achieve hemostasis in modern limb surgeries. Nevertheless, the precise role and benefits of tourniquets in high tibial osteotomy (HTO) surgeries remain understudied. The aim of this study was to assess the application of tourniquets in high-tibial osteotomy procedures. Methods This was a prospective study of patients who underwent HTO surgery at an identical hospital. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A, with a tourniquet (n = 43); and Group B, without a tourniquet (n = 43). The same surgical technique and postoperative care were employed for both groups of patients. Knee range of motion (ROM) and pain were assessed by utilizing a visual analogue scale (VAS) after exercise and maximum calf circumference, and postoperative Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, as well as inflammatory markers including CRP and IL-6, were adopted to compare and analyse the recovery of knee function in the two groups of patients following surgery. Results All participants were followed up for a period exceeding three months. No cases of vascular or nerve injuries were observed during surgery in either group. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in total blood loss volume throughout treatment or haemoglobin or haematocrit levels (P > 0.05). furthermore, Group A underwent a shorter operation than Group B did (P

Abstract Water conservation (WC) is a critical ecological service function in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). There is currently a lack of detailed exploration of WC development processes and the impact mechanisms of driving factors at spatiotemporal scales in the YRB. By collecting data on DEM, land use, soil, meteorology, reservoirs, and observed discharge, this study established a large-scale WC model using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). The abrupt change test, empirical orthogonal function (EOF), wavelet analysis, hierarchical partitioning analysis (HPA), geodetectors, and aridity index were employed to analyze the multi-spatiotemporal characteristics and driving forces of WC calculated using the water balance method. The results are as follows: (1) The average WC among the YRB was 9.11 mm (74.68 × 108 m3) from 1960 to 2020. Pasture and forests contributed to 48.65% and 22.05% of the average annual WC, respectively. (2) WC exhibited four forms: less/more in the YRB, more in the southeast (northwest), and less in the northwest (southeast). (3) Forests and pastures in land use had higher average WC capacity, while Gansu, Shaanxi, and Qinghai ranked in the top three for average WC among the nine provinces. (4) Precipitation was the major driving force affecting WC variations, with the interaction between precipitation and actual evapotranspiration being the most significant. (5) Drought was a significant cause of negative WC. Protecting and managing crucial WC areas was essential for improving the ecological environment. This research elucidates the driving forces of WC in the YRB, providing scientific support for improving regional WC and promoting sustainable development.

Postoperative delirium (POD) represents a common neurological complication encountered predominantly among the elderly cohort undergoing surgical intervention for hip fractures. This phenomenon, particularly commonplace in geriatric populations with heightened preoperative risk profiles, pronounced comorbidities, and later stages of lifespan, poses complex clinical challenges. The impact of perioperative pharmacological interventions and anesthetic strategies on POD’s emergence cannot be understated, as it may profoundly affect the length of hospital stays, rehabilitation milestones, and the overall mortality hazard. The pharmacotherapeutic landscape for managing POD remains constrained, underscoring the imperative nature of preventive measures. Prudent preoperative risk stratification, meticulous intraoperative neuromonitoring guided by electroencephalographic studies, and a holistic postoperative patient welfare model are cornerstone recommendations in the quest to mitigate POD’s incidence. Nonetheless, an extensive exploration into the influence of anesthetic approaches and perioperative medications on the emergence of POD is yet to be satisfactorily charted. Our investigation endeavors to dissect the nexus between anesthetic modalities, perioperative pharmacological interventions, and POD incident rates among the elderly with hip fractures. This study spotlights pivotal determinants of POD in the wake of hip fracture surgery by evaluating and synthesizing data from peer-reviewed sources that adhere to rigorous inclusion criteria. Preliminary studies have revealed that certain anesthesia protocols and perioperative medications may increase the potential incidence of POD, such as higher depth of anesthesia or benzodiazepine use, and the incidence of POD in specific populations, such as patients with higher age, prior history of psychosis, and lower intraoperative oxygen saturation The findings from this study are instrumental in refining strategic perioperative plans tailored for the elderly recipients of hip fracture surgery, aimed at not only diminishing the incidence but also the gravity of POD. Despite these forward steps, the clinical uncertainty concerning the efficacy and safety of the specific drugs and surgical techniques in question remains. These lingering questions underscore the exigency for more extensive, empirically grounded research to consolidate the learnings of this investigation.

Recent studies have revealed that intratumoral microbiota is implicated in pancreatic cancer (PC), yet the spectra of intratumoral microbiota and their relationship with PC in Chinese patients remained to be clarified. In this study, tumor and paired paracancerous tissue from 53 patients were profiled by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both α- and β-diversity displayed significant differences between tumors and adjacent tissues, with higher diversity in tumors. Three bacteria phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria) were prevalent in both cancers and adjacent normal tissues. A high prevalence of Pseudomonas has been identified in the PC tumor microenvironment and was associated with prolonged overall survival. Furthermore, the results of in vitro experiments suggested that Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings revealed distinctive microbial features of the PC tumors and normal tissues in Chinese populations and exhibited the antitumor potential of P. fluorescens in PC.

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of various cancer types. Despite significant preclinical advancements in understanding mechanisms, identifying the molecular basis and predictive biomarkers for clinical ICB responses remains challenging. Recent evidence, both preclinical and clinical, underscores the pivotal role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in modulating immune cell infiltration and behaviors. This study aimed to create an innovative classifier that leverages ECM characteristics to enhance the effectiveness of ICB therapy. Methods We analyzed transcriptomic collagen activity and immune signatures in 649 patients with cancer undergoing ICB therapy. This analysis led to the identification of three distinct immuno‐collagenic subtypes predictive of ICB responses. We validated these subtypes using the transcriptome data from 9,363 cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and 1,084 in‐house samples. Additionally, novel therapeutic targets were identified based on these established immuno‐collagenic subtypes. Results Our categorization divided tumors into three subtypes: “soft & hot” (low collagen activity and high immune infiltration), “armored & cold” (high collagen activity and low immune infiltration), and “quiescent” (low collagen activity and immune infiltration). Notably, “soft & hot” tumors exhibited the most robust response to ICB therapy across various cancer types. Mechanistically, inhibiting collagen augmented the response to ICB in preclinical models. Furthermore, these subtypes demonstrated associations with immune activity and prognostic predictive potential across multiple cancer types. Additionally, an unbiased approach identified B7 homolog 3 (B7‐H3), an available drug target, as strongly expressed in “armored & cold” tumors, relating with poor prognosis. Conclusion This study introduces histopathology‐based universal immuno‐collagenic subtypes capable of predicting ICB responses across diverse cancer types. These findings offer insights that could contribute to tailoring personalized immunotherapeutic strategies for patients with cancer.

Background: Layilin (LAYN) plays an important role in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis; however, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) has not been elucidated. Methods: We utilized the GEPIA, STRING, and hTFtarget databases for bioinformatics analysis. Overexpression or knockdown cell lines were constructed by transfecting the cells with different plasmids. Western blot (WB) was performed to detect LAYN, TLN1, and CREB1 expression. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness were assessed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Immunofluorescence and WB were used to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. The CHOL metastasis model was established by injecting RBE cells into the tail veins of nude mice. Metastatic lesions were identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Co-immunoprecipitation and Chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to validate the interactions. Results: LAYN was highly expressed in the CHOL cells. Knockdown of LAYN significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in both QBC-939 and RBE human CHOL cells, while overexpression of LAYN had the opposite effect. Furthermore, in a CHOL metastasis model using nude mice, knocking down LAYN expression markedly suppressed CHOL liver and lung metastases. LAYN interacts with TLN1, and CREB1 binds to the LAYN promoter, with all three showing a positive correlation. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis revealed high expression of both TLN1 and CREB1 in CHOL. Knockdown of TLN1 or CREB1 in QBC-939 and RBE cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, reversing the effects of LAYN overexpression. Moreover, knockdown of TLN1 or CREB1 also suppressed the expression of ITGB1 and the phosphorylation levels of c-Jun, p38 MAPK, and ERK, further reversing the effects of LAYN overexpression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CREB1 promotes CHOL metastasis through transcriptional regulation of the LAYN-mediated TLN1/β1 integrin axis.

With the advance of industrialisation and urbanisation, land use change and climate change have significant impacts on the global ecosystem. Focusing on Chongqing Municipality, a municipality that plays a central role in regional economic development and national strategies, this study explores the impacts of land use and climate change on the evolution of its NDVI spatial and temporal patterns between 2000 and 2020 and reveals the driving mechanisms behind them. By analysing remote sensing image data and climate data, it was found that Chongqing Municipality experienced significant land use changes during the study period, especially urban expansion and the reduction of agricultural land, which led to the reduction of vegetation cover. Meanwhile, precipitation in climate change positively affected vegetation growth and coverage, while the increase in surface temperature during urbanisation negatively affected vegetation cover and exacerbated the urban heat island effect. NDVI was positively correlated with precipitation and negatively correlated with air temperature, suggesting that moderate precipitation promotes vegetation growth, while high temperatures may adversely affect vegetation activities. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for urban planning and ecological conservation, especially in formulating effective urban management and land management strategies to protect the ecological environment and rationally utilise land resources.

Abstract Objective To elucidate the potential benefits of combining radiotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) for individuals with Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring either exon 19 deletion (19‐Del) or exon 21 L858R mutation (21‐L858R). Methods In this real‐world retrospective study, 177 individuals with Stage IV LUAD who underwent EGFR‐TKIs and radiotherapy at Shandong Cancer Hospital from June 2012 to August 2017 were included. The main focus of this real‐world study was overall survival (OS). Results The clinical characteristics of patients with Stage IV LUAD harboring 19‐Del were similar to those harboring 21‐L858R (p > 0.05). Overall, the patients had a median OS (mOS) of 32.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.6–35.5). Subsequently, multivariate analysis indicated that both EGFR mutations and thoracic radiotherapy were independent predictors of OS (p = 0.001 and 0.013). Furthermore, subgroup analysis highlighted a longer OS for the 19‐Del group compared to the 21‐L858R group, especially when EGFR‐TKIs were combined with bone metastasis or thoracic radiotherapy (mOS: 34.7 vs. 25.1 months and 51.0 vs. 29.6 months; p = 0.0056 and 0.0013, respectively). However, no significant differences were found in OS when considering patients who underwent brain metastasis radiotherapy (mOS: 34.7 vs. 25.1 months; p = 0.088). Conclusions Patients with Stage IV LUAD harboring 19‐Del experience a notably prolonged OS following combined therapy with EGFR‐TKIs and radiotherapy, while this OS benefit is observed despite the absence of substantial differences in the clinical characteristics between the 19‐Del and 21‐L858R groups.

BackgroundAlthough observational studies suggest a correlation between psoriasis (PS) and cancers, it is still unknown whether this association can replace causal relationships due to the limitations of observational studies. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between PS and cancers.MethodsPS genetic summary data were obtained from two genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We employed MR Base for individuals retrieving tumors from distinct locations. Inverse-variance weighted analysis was the principal method used for MR, supplemented by weighted median, MR Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. To investigate the possible link between psoriasis and cancers, we performed two independent two-sample MR studies and a meta-analysis based on two independent MR analyses.ResultsTwo independent MR analyses both found no significant causal relationship between PS and overall cancers (OR=1.0000, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.9999-1.0001, P=0.984; OR=1.0000, 95% CI:0.9999-1.0001, P=0.761), and no significant causal relationship with 17 site-specific cancers. In the meta-analysis conducted by two two-sample MR analyses, there was no significant causal relationship between PS and overall cancers (OR=1.0000, 95% CI: 0.9999-1.0001, P=1.00, I2 = 0.0%), and there was no significant causal relationship with 17 site-specific cancers.ConclusionsOur findings do not support a genetic link between PS and cancers. More population-based and experimental investigations will be required better to understand the complicated relationship between PS and cancers.

Molecular materials possessing switchable magneto-optical properties are of great interest due to their potential applications in spintronics and molecular devices. However, switching their photoluminescence (PL) and single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior via light-induced structural changes still constitutes a formidable challenge. Here, a series of cubane structures were synthesized via self-assembly of 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (HAC) and rare-earth ions. All complexes exhibited obvious photochromic phenomena and complete PL quenching upon Xe lamp irradiation, which were realized via the synergistic effect of photogenerated radicals and [4 + 4] photocycloaddition of the AC components. The quenched PL showed the largest fluorescence intensity change (99.72%) in electron-transfer photochromic materials. A reversible decoloration process was realized via mechanical grinding, which is unexpectedly in the electron-transfer photochromic materials. Importantly, an SMM behavior of the Dy analog was observed after room-temperature irradiation due to the photocycloaddition of AC ligands and the photogenerated stable radicals changed the electrostatic ligand field and magnetic coupling. Moreover, based on the remarkably photochromic and photoluminescent properties of these compounds, 2 demos were applied to support their application in information anti-counterfeiting and inkless printing. This work, for the first time utilizing the simultaneous modulation of photocycloaddition and photogenerated radicals in one system, realizes complete PL quenching and light-induced SMM behavior, providing a dynamical switch for the construction of multifunctional polymorphic materials with optical response and optical storage devices.

From the perspective of the application of headspace solid-phase microextraction-mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS） technology in the detection of volatile substances in fruit products, this paper discusses its important position and significance in fruit flavor detection. This paper briefly outlines the principles and characteristics of headspace solid-phase microextraction-mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and highlights the progress of its research on volatile substances in different kinds of fruit raw materials, stored and preserved fruits as well as fruit processed products such as fruit juice, fruit wine, and fruit tea, and also provides an outlook on the research direction of headspace solid-phase microextraction-mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in fruit flavor detection.

Abstract Achieving controllable fine-tuning of defects in catalysts at the atomic level has become a zealous pursuit in catalysis-related fields. However, the generation of defects is quite random, and their flexible manipulation lacks theoretical basis. Herein, we present a facile and highly controllable thermal tuning strategy that enables fine control of nanodefects via subtle manipulation of atomic/lattice arrangements in electrocatalysts. Such thermal tuning endows common carbon materials with record high efficiency in electrocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Systematic characterization and calculations demonstrate that an optimal thermal tuning can bring about enhanced electrocatalytic efficiency by manipulating the N-centered annulation–volatilization reactions and C-based sp 3/sp 2 configuration alteration. Benefiting from this tuning strategy, the optimized electrocatalytic anodic membrane successfully achieves >99% pollutant (propranolol) degradation during a flow-through (~2.5 s for contact time), high-flux (424.5 L m−2 h−1), and long-term (>720 min) electrocatalytic filtration test at a very low energy consumption (0.029 ± 0.010 kWh m−3 order−1). Our findings highlight a controllable preparation approach of catalysts while also elucidating the molecular level mechanisms involved.

A modulation format identification (MFI) scheme based on multi-dimensional amplitude features is proposed for elastic optical networks. According to the multi-dimensional amplitude features, incoming polarization division multiplexed (PDM) signals can be identified as QPSK, 8QAM, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM and 128QAM signals using the k-nearest neighbors (KNNs) algorithm in the digital coherent receivers. The proposed scheme does not require any prior training or optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) information. The performance of the proposed MFI scheme is verified based on numerical simulations with 28GBaud PDM-QPSK/-8QAM/-16QAM/-32QAM/-64QAM/-128QAM signals. The results show that the proposed scheme can achieve 100% of the correct MFI rate for all six modulation formats when the OSNR values are greater than their thresholds corresponding to the 20% forward error correction (FEC) related to a BER of 2.4 × 10−2. Meanwhile, the effects of residual chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion and fiber nonlinearities on the proposed scheme are also explored. Finally, the computational complexity of the proposed scheme is analyzed, which is compared with relevant MFI schemes. The work indicates that the proposed technique could be regarded as a good candidate for identifying modulation formats up to 128QAM.

The brushless doubly-fed wind power system based on conventional power control strategies lacks ‘inertia’ and the ability to support grid, which leads to the decline of grid stability. Therefore, a control strategy of brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) based on virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control is proposed to solve the problem in this paper. The output characteristics of BDFRG based on VSG are similar to a synchronous generator (SG), which can support the grid frequency and increase the system ‘inertia’. According to the mathematical model of BDFRG, the inner loop voltage source control of BDFRG is derived. In addition, the specific structure and parameter selection principle of outer loop VSG control are expounded. The voltage source control inner loop of BDFRG is combined with the VSG control outer loop to establish the overall architecture of BDFRG-VSG control strategy. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy are verified in the simulation.

With the growth of wind power and solar power, power source clean transformation has become a feasible way for achieving the carbon peak target. As a hydropower resource-abundant province, Guizhou has already built Wujiang river cascade hydropower plants. This paper introduces the basic information of the Guizhou provincial power system and geometrical renewable resource distribution characteristics, especially the power source structure. Then, the wind and solar power complementary characteristics are analyzed by different copula conjunction functions. Then, the power structure transformation and generation expansion plan are provided with both carbon peak restriction and curtailment restrictions. At last, the future Guizhou provincial power system in 2029 operation simulation cases are provided, which can reduce the thermal power generation ratio to 42% and increase wind and solar power generation ratio to 8.5% and 13% approximately. The conclusion indicates that coal-fired power plant flexible reform and larger capacity energy storage installation effectively solve the larger power fluctuation and peak regulation demand with more renewable energy integration target.

The rapid development of photovoltaic generation has brought great challenges to operation and planning of power systems. Based on actual operation data of several photovoltaic power stations, this paper analyzes the fluctuation of photovoltaic generation output first. Then a correlation coefficient based quantitative calculation method for coupling characteristics among multiple photovoltaic power stations is proposed, and the load-following level under various photovoltaic generation capacities is given at last. This paper illustrates that the output of photovoltaic generation presents complementary coupling characteristics, which reduces the fluctuation of the overall output and can deteriorate the load-following level. The results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the planning of power systems with a high penetration of renewable energy such as photovoltaic generation.

The emergence of immunotherapy, particularly programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) produced profound transformations for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, not all NSCLC patients can benefit from immunotherapy in clinical practice. In addition to limited response rates, exorbitant treatment costs, and the substantial threats involved with immune-related adverse events, the intricate interplay between long-term survival outcomes and early disease progression, including early immune hyperprogression, remains unclear. Consequently, there is an urgent imperative to identify robust predictive and prognostic biological markers, which not only possess the potential to accurately forecast the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy in NSCLC but also facilitate the identification of patient subgroups amenable to personalized treatment approaches. Furthermore, this advancement in patient stratification based on certain biological markers can also provide invaluable support for the management of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients. Hence, in this review, we comprehensively examine the current landscape of individual biological markers, including PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, hematological biological markers, and gene mutations, while also exploring the potential of combined biological markers encompassing radiological and radiomic markers, as well as prediction models that have the potential to better predict responders to immunotherapy in NSCLC with an emphasis on some directions that warrant further investigation which can also deepen the understanding of clinicians and provide a reference for clinical practice.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent complication in geriatric patients with hip fractures, which is linked to poorer functional recovery, longer hospital stays, and higher short-and long-term mortality. Patients with increased age, preoperative cognitive impairment, comorbidities, perioperative polypharmacy, and delayed surgery are more prone to develop POD after hip fracture surgery. In this narrative review, we outlined the latest findings on postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fractures, focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Perioperative risk prediction, avoidance of certain medications, and orthogeriatric comprehensive care are all examples of effective interventions. Choices of anesthesia technique may not be associated with a significant difference in the incidence of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fractures. There are few pharmaceutical measures available for POD treatment. Dexmedetomidine and multimodal analgesia may be effective for managing postoperative delirium, and adverse complications should be considered when using antipsychotics. In conclusion, perioperative risk intervention based on orthogeriatric comprehensive care is the most effective strategy for preventing postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fractures.

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been and will continue playing an important role in industrial wastewater treatment and reuse in China. The sustainable development of MBR technology in its mature-application stage requires reciprocal interactions between engineering and research participants. Thus, in this study, a total of 182 large-scale MBR projects treating industrial wastewater (with individual treatment capacities ≥ 5000 m3·d−1) commissioned and under construction from 2003 to 2019 were analyzed comprehensively. Fast growth of the cumulative treatment capacity was observed, with extension to diverse industries, and the super large-scale was enhanced recently. The treatment processes, pollutant removal efficiencies, and actual operational parameters were summarized regarding the particularity of industrial wastewater compared to municipal wastewater. Economic features including the total investment costs of the projects, their total footprint, and their operational energy consumption were analyzed as well. A vigorous MBR market has formed in China with the fast development of membrane elements and engineering suppliers, continuously increasing official oriented projects, and responsive and innovative business modes. MBR technology has been mostly applied in specific economic zones and water-deficient areas, but its widespread use all over China is foreseeable considering the vast future market for industrial wastewater treatment and recycling. The policy–economy and market–technology driving forces revealed that MBR is consistent with the national development demand. According to the survey and analysis, prospective development in both engineering and research aspects of MBR is proposed to maintain its competitive edge.

Due to low investment cost and high reliability, a new scheme called DR-HVDC (Diode Rectifier based HVDC) transmission was recently proposed for grid integration of large offshore wind farms. However, in this scheme, the application of conventional control strategies for stability operation face several challenges due to the uncontrollability of the DR. In this paper, a coordinated control strategy of offshore wind farms using the DR-HVDC transmission technology to connect with the onshore grid, is investigated. A novel coordinated control strategy for DR-HVDC is proposed based on the analysis of the DC current control ability of the full-bridge-based modular multilevel converter (FB-MMC) at the onshore station and the input and output characteristics of the diode rectifier at the offshore. Considering the characteristics of operation stability and decoupling between reactive power and active power, a simplified design based on double-loop droop control for offshore AC voltage is proposed after power flow and voltage–current (I–V) characteristics of the offshore wind farm being analyzed. Furthermore, the impact of onshore AC fault to offshore wind farm is analyzed, and a fast fault detection and protection strategy without relying on communication is proposed. Case studies carried out by PSCAD/EMTDC verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the start up, power fluctuation, and onshore and offshore fault conditions.

Low-carbon energy transformation increases energy efficiency, and environmental regulation is necessary for carbon neutrality. Energy efficiency is widely accepted As a cost-effective method of reducing air pollution and improving the economic performance of manufacturing industries. In order to make their manufacturing sectors more energy-efficient, a large number of countries have implemented legislation. It is possible to tailor these interventions to a specific company or industry by using measures to control and direct interventions in the marketplace. These policies might be beneficial, but the experiential study of the impacts of these interferences on energy-saving technology acceptance has not been conclusive. Many environmental policy measures have an effect on the level of the asset in energy efficiency machinery. The years 2010–2019 are covered in this research, which compiles a database of Chinese industries from various sources. As a result, we have access to a wide range of factors and strategy devices that could influence the adoption of energy efficiency measures. Regulation, taxes, subsidies, and exemptions are among the instruments we will examine. These findings support the development of environmental regulations in China that will further improve energy efficiency and carbon neutrality.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is validated as a therapeutic molecular target in multiple malignancies, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the feasibility of targeted therapies exerted by ALK inhibitors is inevitably hindered owing to drug resistance. The emergence of clinically acquired drug mutations has become a major challenge to targeted therapies and personalized medicines. Thus, elucidating the mechanism of resistance to ALK inhibitors is helpful for providing new therapeutic strategies for the design of next-generation drug. Here, we used molecular docking and multiple molecular dynamics simulations combined with correlated and energetical analyses to explore the mechanism of how gilteritinib overcomes lorlatinib resistance to the double mutant ALK I1171N/F1174I. We found that the conformational dynamics of the ALK kinase domain was reduced by the double mutations I1171N/F1174I. Moreover, energetical and structural analyses implied that the double mutations largely disturbed the conserved hydrogen bonding interactions from the hinge residues Glu1197 and Met1199 in the lorlatinib-bound state, whereas they had no discernible adverse impact on the binding affinity and stability of gilteritinib-bound state. These discrepancies created the capacity of the double mutant ALK I1171N/F1174I to confer drug resistance to lorlatinib. Our result anticipates to provide a mechanistic insight into the mechanism of drug resistance induced by ALK I1171N/F1174I that are resistant to lorlatinib treatment in NSCLC.

Despite the wide application of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, there are no widely used standards on naming and describing MRI sequences. The absence of consistent naming conventions presents a major challenge in automating image processing since most MRI software require a priori knowledge of the type of the MRI sequences to be processed. This issue becomes increasingly critical with the current efforts toward open-sharing of MRI data in the neuroscience community. This manuscript reports an MRI sequence detection method using imaging metadata and a supervised machine learning technique. Three datasets from the Brain Center for Ontario Data Exploration (Brain-CODE) data platform, each involving MRI data from multiple research institutes, are used to build and test our model. The preliminary results show that a random forest model can be trained to accurately identify MRI sequence types, and to recognize MRI scans that do not belong to any of the known sequence types. Therefore the proposed approach can be used to automate processing of MRI data that involves a large number of variations in sequence names, and to help standardize sequence naming in ongoing data collections. This study highlights the potential of the machine learning approaches in helping manage health data.

Mostly filamentous thermoplastic materials processed from granular thermoplastic materials are used by FDM 3D printers, which has high material cost, and it is difficult to reach uniform mixing due to the filamentary geometry of the material itself, so Multicolor FDM 3D printing technology has been limited,and it is difficult to realize Multi-color mixed printing. For the above questions, according to the traditional extrusion technology combined with the characteristics of fused deposition modeling(FDM) technology, the granular FDM 3D printing equipment feeding and extrusion system is designed, the granular plastics as raw material is directly selected, and multiple inlets, storage bins and exhaust screw are designed, the material is controlled by the hole-drilling. the reasonable ratio of different colors and different feed rate of granular plastic can be realized by the design result. The exhaust screw related to fully melt, pressurize, homogenize, vent, re-homogenize and extrude the granular plastic is designed. The 3D printing process of homogeneous material and the Multi-color mixed color printing process are realized. The design proposed in the paper can be directly used for 3D printing by using granule, which not only reduces the material production cost and cycle, but also realizes the effective utilization of waste materials, providing a reference basis for the development of 3D printing technology.

The members of the Nedd4-like E3 family participate in various biological processes. However, their role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is not clear. This study systematically analyzed the Nedd4-like E3 family members in ccRCC data sets from multiple publicly available databases. NEDD4L was identified as the only NEDD4 family member differentially expressed in ccRCC compared with normal samples. Bioinformatics tools were used to characterize the function of NEDD4L in ccRCC. It indicated that NEDD4L might regulate cellular energy metabolism by co-expression analysis, and subsequent gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A prognostic model developed by the LASSO Cox regression method showed a relatively good predictive value in training and testing data sets. The result revealed that NEDD4L was associated with biosynthesis and metabolism of ccRCC. Since NEDD4L is downregulated and dysregulation of metabolism is involved in tumor progression, NEDD4L might be a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC.

ObjectivesTo investigate the tumor volume and its change on short-term outcome in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who underwent definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Methods and MaterialsAll data were retrospectively collected from 418 ESCC patients who received radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy at our institution between 2015 and 2019. Short-term outcome using the treatment response evaluation was assessed according to the RECIST 1.1. The tumor volume change rate (TVCR) was defined as follows: TVCR = {1 − [gross tumor volume (GTV) at shrinking irradiation field planning)]/(GTV at the initial treatment planning)} ×100%. Chi square test was used to compare the clinic characteristics in different TVCR groups, and the difference between initial GTV (GTVi) and shrinking GTV (GTVs) was compared using Wilcoxon’s sign rank test. Logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation was performed.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in GTVi compared to GTVs (P < 0.001). In univariate analysis, age, cT-stage, TNM stage, treatment modality, GTVi, and TVCR were associated with short-term outcome (all P< 0.05). In multivariate analysis, gender and TVCR were statistically significant (P = 0.010,

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure correlates with adverse cardiometabolic effects. The underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully understood. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as the central stress response system, regulates cardiometabolic homeostasis and is implicated in the progression of various adverse health effects caused by inhalational airborne pollutant exposure. In this study, we investigated whether ambient PM2.5 exposure activates HPA axis and its effect mediating PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation. C57Bl/6 J mice were intratracheally instilled with different concentrations of diesel exhaust PM2.5 (DEP), and plasma was harvested at different times. Assessments of plasma stress hormones revealed that DEP instillation dose- and time-dependently increased mouse circulating corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, strongly supporting that DEP instillation activates HPA axis. To determine which components of DEP activate HPA axis, C57Bl/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with water-soluble and -insoluble fractions of DEP. Plasma analyses showed that water-insoluble but not -soluble fraction of DEP increased circulating corticosterone and ACTH levels. Consistently, concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) exposure significantly increased mouse urine and hair corticosterone levels, corroborating the activation of HPA axis by ambient PM2.5. Furthermore, deletion of stress hormones by total bilateral adrenalectomy alleviated PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation, providing insights into the contribution of central neurohormonal mechanisms in modulating adverse health effects caused by exposure to PM2.5.

This paper studies the feature extraction and middle-level expression of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) convolutional layer glass broken and cracked at the scene of road traffic accident. The image pyramid is constructed and used as the input of the CNN model, and the convolutional layer road traffic accident scene glass breakage and crack characteristics at each scale in the pyramid are extracted separately, and then the depth descriptors at different image scales are extracted. In order to improve the discriminative power of the depth descriptor, Hellinger kernel and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are used to perform nonlinear and linear transformations. Two aggregation strategies based on depth descriptors are proposed to form a global image representation. The classification experiment of the data set shows that Hellinger kernel, PCA transformation, and two aggregation strategies are all conducive to improving the classification accuracy. In addition, the convolutional layer road traffic accident scene glass breaking and crack feature coding can obtain better classification performance than the fully connected layer feature. We conducted dynamic impact tests on plate glass and Polyvinyl Butyral- (PVB-) laminated glass under different boundary conditions and studied the crack propagation and failure process of the glass under different impact speeds. The results show that there are radial cracks and circular cracks on the glass specimens under the impact load; the glass specimens show partial damage under high-speed impact and the characteristics of glass breaking and cracks at the scene of road traffic accidents; the four-frame plate glass is supported by sharp dagger-like fragments. This paper compares the energy absorption of glass specimens under different boundary conditions. The results show that the energy absorption effect of the four-point supporting glass specimen is generally stronger than that of the four-frame supporting glass.

Based on the pathological theory of lipid metabolism and using network pharmacology, this study was designed to investigate the protective effect of water extract of Veratrilla baillonii (WVBF) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model using LO2 cells and to identify the potential mechanism underlying the effect. The components of V. baillonii were identified from the public database of traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database (TCMSP). Cytoscape software was used to construct the related composite target network. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were carried out for critical nodes. The BioGPS database was used to determine the distribution of the target in tissues and organs. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of V. baillonii was further investigated using an in vitro hepatocyte NAFLD model. Fourteen active components were then selected from the 27 known compounds of V. baillonii. The targets of gene enrichment analysis were mainly distributed in the lipid catabolism-related signaling pathway. Network analysis revealed that five target genes of TNF, MAPK8, mTOR, NF-ĸB, and SREBP-1c were key nodes and played important roles in this process. Organ localization analysis indicated that one of the core target site of V. baillonii was liver tissue. The results of the in vitro study revealed that WVBF can alleviate the inflammatory response and lipid accumulation in LO2 hepatocytes by inhibiting oxidative stress and the adipocytokine signaling pathway. Genes and proteins related to the lipid synthesis, such as SREBP-1C, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FASN), were significantly decreased, and PPARα expression is significantly increased with WVBF administration. In conclusion, V. baillonii may regulate local lipid metabolism and attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory factors through the PPARα/SREBP-1c signaling pathway. The present study also indicates that multiple components of V. baillonii regulate multiple targets and pathways in NAFLD. The findings highlight the potential of V. baillonii as a promising treatment strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver injury.

Previous studies have shown an attenuating effect of ginsenoside Re on myocardial injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study was designed to determine the underlying mechanism by which ginsenoside Re protects from myocardial injury induced by H/R. HL-1 cells derived from AT-1 mouse atrial cardiomyocyte tumor line were divided into control, H/R, and H/R + ginsenoside Re groups. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. ATP levels were quantified by enzymatic assays. Signaling pathway was predicted by network pharmacology analyses and verified by luciferase assay and gene-silencing experiment. The relationship between ginsenoside Re and its target genes and proteins was analyzed by docking experiments, allosteric site analysis, real-time PCR, and ubiquitination and immunoprecipitation assays. Our results showed that ginsenoside Re treatment consistently increased HL-1 cell viability and significantly up-regulated ATP levels after H/R-induced injury. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that the effect of ginsenoside Re was associated with the regulation of the Hypoxia-inducing factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. Silencing of HIF-1α abrogated the effect of ginsenoside Re on HL-1 cell viability, which was restored by transfection with an HIF-1α-expressing plasmid. Results of the bioinformatics analysis suggested that ginsenoside Re docked at the binding interface between HIF-1α and the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase, preventing VHL from binding HIF-1α, thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination of HIF-1α. To validate the results of the bioinformatics analysis, real-time PCR, ubiquitination and immunoprecipitation assays were performed. Compared with the mRNA expression levels of the H/R group, ginsenoside Re did not change expression of HIF-1α mRNA, while protein level of HIF-1α increased and that of HIF-1α[Ub]n decreased following ginsenoside Re treatment. Immunoprecipitation results showed that the amount of HIF-1α bound to VHL substantially decreased following ginsenoside Re treatment. In addition, ginsenoside Re treatment increased the expression of GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) and REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage response 1), which are targets of HIF-1α and are critical for cell metabolism and viability. These results suggested that Ginsenoside Re treatment attenuated the myocardial injury induced by H/R, and the possible mechanism was associated with the inhibition of HIF-1α ubiquitination.

Membrane fouling remains a notorious problem in microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), and a systematic understanding of the fouling mechanisms is fundamental for solving this problem. Given a wide assortment of fouling studies in the literature, it is essential that the numerous pieces of information on this topic could be clearly compiled. In this review, we outline the roles of membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant intermolecular interactions in MF/UF organic fouling. The membrane-foulant interactions govern the initial pore blocking and adsorption stage, whereas the foulant-foulant interactions prevail in the subsequent build-up of a surface foulant layer (e.g., a gel layer). We classify the interactions into non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions), covalent interactions (e.g., metal-organic complexation), and spatial effects (related to pore structure, surface morphology, and foulants size for instance). They have either short- or long-range influences on the transportation and immobilization of the foulant toward the membrane. Specifically, we profile the individual impacts and interplay between the different interactions along the fouling stages. Finally, anti-fouling strategies are discussed for a targeted control of the membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant interactions.

Membrane fouling severely hinders the sustainable development of membrane separation technology. Membrane wetting property is one of the most important factors dominating the development of membrane fouling. Theoretically, a hydrophilic membrane is expected to be more resistant to fouling during filtration, while a hydrophobic membrane with low surface energy is more advantageous during membrane cleaning. However, conventional membrane materials do not possess the capability to change their wettability on demand. In this study, a stainless steel mesh–sulfosuccinate-doped polypyrrole composite membrane (SSM/PPY(AOT)) was prepared. By applying a negative or positive potential, the surface wettability of the membrane can be switched between hydrophilic and relatively hydrophobic states. Systematic characterizations and a series of filtration experiments were carried out. In the reduction state, the sulfonic acid groups of AOT were more exposed to the membrane surface, rendering the surface more hydrophilic. The fouling filtration experiments verified that the membrane is more resistant to fouling in the hydrophilic state during filtration and easier to clean in the hydrophobic state during membrane cleaning. Furthermore, Ca2+ and Mg2+ could complex with foulants, aggravating membrane fouling. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of wettability switching in membrane filtration and suggests promising applications of the SSM/PPY(AOT) membrane.

Superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely used for their corrosion resistance, self-cleaning and anti-icing characteristics. A new two-component superhydrophobic coating was prepared on aluminum alloy, and some application properties were studied. With appropriate silica, the contact angle of the two-component superhydrophobic coating can be 164.4°, and it has good resistance to the continuous hitting of water droplets and the corrosion of acid. Even when it had been continuous impacted by acid droplets for 300 min, the contact angle of the coating was still lager than 150°. However, the coating was easily corroded by sodium hydroxide. Moreover, it can not only reduce its freezing point by more than 5 °C, but also delay the freezing of droplets on aluminum alloy by about 20 s at the temperature of −20 °C. More than that, the growth of ice or frost on it can only cause extremely minor mechanical damage to it.

Abstract Background There are controversial data supporting the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study, the efficacy of icotinib in unselected and EGFR‐mutated patients with lung SCC was assessed. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the survival time of unselected advanced lung SCC patients treated with icotinib for at least 5 months between June 2013 and June 2016, and selected appropriate EGFR‐mutated advanced lung ADC patients to have 1:1 ratio of propensity score matching with EGFR‐mutated advanced lung SCC patients, and matching factors were age, sex, clinical stage, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), smoking history, EGFR mutation type, and treatment lines. Results A total of 487 unselected advanced lung SCC patients were available for analysis of icotinib treatment efficacy. The progression‐free survival (PFS) was 13.0 months (95% CI 12.2‐13.8), the overall survival (OS) was 16.0 months (95% CI 14.7‐17.3), and the objective response rate (ORR) was 41.3%. After propensity score matching, 78 EGFR‐mutated lung SCC and 78 EGFR‐mutated lung ADC patients were selected and compared. Although no statistical difference was found, ADC patients were associated with a longer PFS (15.8 months vs 12.7 months, P = 0.275) and OS (24.2 months vs 18.5 months, P = 0.150), and a better ORR (59.0% vs 48.7%, P = 0.199) than compared with SCC patients when treated with icotinib. Conclusion Icotinib has a modest therapeutic effect in patients with advanced lung SCC, especially for the population with EGFR mutations.

Objectives: To assess the association between left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction and grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis (RP) for locally advanced lung cancer patients receiving definitive radiotherapy.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out for 260 lung cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy between 2015 and 2017. RP was evaluated according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) toxicity criteria. Logistic regression analysis, 10-fold cross validation, and external validation were performed. The prediction model's discriminative performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration of the model was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the calibration curve.Results: Within the first 6 months after radiotherapy, 70 patients (26.9%) developed grade ≥2 RP. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before radiotherapy was detected in 53 patients (20.4%). The odds ratio (OR) of developing RP for patients with LVEF

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with a high incidence rate and a difficult treatment regimen. Recently, significant advances in the treatment of intestinal diseases, particularly UC, have been made with the use of the drugs baicalin and baicalein, separately or in combination. However, the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of baicalin, baicalein, and their combination therapy, in the treatment of UC has not been fully elucidated.Materials and Methods: we constructed a UC rat model that encompassed a variety of complex factors, including a high-sugar and high-fat diet, a high temperature and humidity environment (HTHE), excess drinking, and infection of Escherichia coli. Model rats were then treated with baicalin, baicalein, or a combination of the two.Results: The results showed significant differences in the therapeutic effects of baicalin, baicalein, and the combination therapy, in the treatment of UC, as well as differences in the inhibition of inflammation via the nuclear factor-κB and MAPK pathways. The rat model of UC was established as described above. Then, the rats were treated for 7 days with baicalin (100 mg kg-1), baicalein (100 mg kg-1), or both (100 mg kg-1, baicalin: baicalein = 4:1/1:1). Clinical symptoms and signs, body temperature, organ indices, histopathology, blood biochemistry, and metabolites were examined to compare treatment effects and indicators of UC. Baicalin, YSR (Young Scutellaria baicalensis ratio of baicalin and baicalein), baicalein, and WSR (Withered Scutellaria baicalensis ratio of baicalin and baicalein) had significantly different effects in terms of clinical symptoms and signs, body temperature, organ indices, serum inflammatory cytokine levels, blood biochemistry, and histopathology changes in the main organs; YSR exhibited the best treatment effects. LC-MS/MS was used to detect the conversion of baicalin, baicalein, or both, into the six types of metabolites: baicalin, wogonoside, oroxin A, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A. The levels of the six metabolites under the different treatment conditions were significantly different in the large intestine, small intestine, and lungs, but not in the blood. The levels of the six metabolites were significantly different in the large intestine, small intestine, and lung, but not in the serum.Conclusion: All these results indicate that baicalin and baicalein should be used more accurately in specific diseases, especially baicalin or high content of baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis (Tiaoqin) should be preferred in treatment of UC.

Open Science has changed research by making data accessible and shareable, contributing to replicability to accelerate and disseminate knowledge. However, for rodent cognitive studies the availability of tools to share and disseminate data is scarce. Automated touchscreen-based tests enable systematic cognitive assessment with easily standardised outputs that can facilitate data dissemination. Here we present an integration of touchscreen cognitive testing with an open-access database public repository (mousebytes.ca), as well as a Web platform for knowledge dissemination (https://touchscreencognition.org). We complement these resources with the largest dataset of age-dependent high-level cognitive assessment of mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, expanding knowledge of affected cognitive domains from male and female mice of three strains. We envision that these new platforms will enhance sharing of protocols, data availability and transparency, allowing meta-analysis and reuse of mouse cognitive data to increase the replicability/reproducibility of datasets.

The static VAR compensator is widely applied in large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation to participate in voltage regulation of power system, which ignores the reactive power regulation capability of PV inverter. In this study, firstly, the constraints of maximum operating current and output voltage's amplitude of PV inverter are considered, and the reactive power regulation capability of the PV generation is evaluated; secondly, an active participation in voltage regulation and control strategy of PV generation is proposed considering reactive power demand of system. This control method through the real-time detection and comparison with reference value of point of common coupling (PCC) voltage, automatically obtain the reactive demand to maintain PCC voltage by PI controller and realises the dynamic adjustment; finally, a time-domain small-signal model for PV generation is established, and based on this small-signal model, eigenvalue analysis is employed to study the influence of the grid strength, operating condition, and the reactive power control strategy on operating stability. Based on the time-domain simulation example in EMTDC/PSCAD, the validity of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the control strategy are verified.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 20 mg/L 2,4-D on the quality during ripening of on-tree longan fruits. We investigated external and internal properties of the on-tree longan fruits. The results showed that 2,4-D treatment promotes the growth based on the fruit size and weight. The respiration rate, contents of TSS, total soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and hexose revealed an increasing tendency with advancing the maturity and reached the high status during 110-126DPA. By contrast, the relative electric conductivity and TA content displayed a declining trend during the ripening stage, increase with the senescence. All these pieces of information indicated that 2,4-D treatment could effectively promote the sensory quality of on-tree longan fruit, prolong the harvest time to 118DPA, while CK should harvest before 110DPA.

This paper aims to develop a resonant accelerometer for high-sensitivity detection and to investigate the nonlinear vibration of the MEMS resonant accelerometer driven by electrostatic comb fingers. First, a nonlinear vibration model of the resonator with comb fingers in a MEMS resonant accelerometer is established. Then, the nonlinear and nonlinear stiffness coefficients are calculated and analyzed with the Galérkin principle. The linear natural frequency, tracking error, and nonlinear frequency offset are obtained by multi-scale method. Finally, to further analyze the nonlinear vibration, a sample-based stochastic model is established, and the uncertainty analysis method is applied. It is concluded from the results that nonlinear vibration can be reduced by reducing the resonant beam length and increasing the resonant beam width and thickness. In addition, the resonant beam length and thickness have more significant effects, while the resonant beam width and the single concentrated mass of comb fingers have little effect, which are verified by experiments. The results of this research have proved that uncertainty analysis is an effective approach in nonlinear vibration analysis and instructional in practical resonant accelerometer design.

Membrane fouling is a complicated issue in microfiltration and ultrafiltration. Clearly identifying the dominant fouling mechanisms during the filtration process is of great significance for the phased and targeted control of fouling. To this end, we propose a semi-empirical multiple linear regression model to describe flux decline, incorporating the five fouling mechanisms (the first and second kinds of standard blocking, complete blocking, intermediate blocking, and cake filtration) based on the additivity of the permeate volume contributed by different coexisting mechanisms. A piecewise fitting protocol was established to distinguish the fouling stages and find the significant mechanisms in each stage. This approach was applied to a case study of a microfiltration membrane filtering a model foulant solution composed of polysaccharide, protein, and humic substances, and the model fitting unequivocally revealed that the dominant fouling mechanism evolved in the sequence of initial adaptation, fast adsorption followed by slow adsorption inside the membrane pores, and the gradual growth of a cake/gel layer on the membrane surface. The results were in good agreement with the permeate properties (total organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance, and fluorescence) during the filtration process. This modeling approach proves to be simple and reliable for identifying the main fouling mechanisms during membrane filtration with statistical confidence.

Existence PV generation mostly operates under the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mode and has no ability to increase or decrease active power, accordingly, PV generation does not participate in grid frequency regulation. Due to an increasing penetration of grid-connected PV generation, when a frequency contingency event occurs, grid may have neither enough inertia response nor governor support and frequency deviation may have a risk of exceeding the limit. Therefore, a novel adapted de-loading control strategy without MPPT for grid-connected inverters is proposed here. This control strategy provides a reserve power in PV system to meet the frequency control demand and an online output Active Power-Voltage Matching (APVM) technique, which is generated as a control flowchart, is implemented in this control strategy to make it possible to adjust PV output voltage performance matching different active power demand with different operation modes. The proposed control strategy of PVs is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC Software. Results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed adapted de-loading control strategy under several operating conditions.

In this paper, benzimidazole fluorescent compounds (compound 1 and compound 2) containing hydroxymethyl and carboxyl substituents were synthesized by replacing salicylaldehyde and substituted ortho- phenylenediamine.By measuring the spectral properties of these fluorescent compounds, the influence of different substituents on the fluorescence properties of these fluorescent compounds was investigated and the fluorescence effect of these fluorescent compounds as a fluorescent latent agent for sweat fingerprinting was also investigated.The obtained hydroxymethyl and carboxyl substituted benzimidazole sweat latent fingerprints have good adsorption performance, remarkable fluorescence effect and strong stability, therefore, they can be widely used.This research also expands the research and application range of benzimidazole derivatives and it has very important research value in the field of criminal detection technology.

Low molecular weight, highly crosslinked silicone resins are widely used as reinforcing agents for highly transparent elastomers and adhesion/tack promoters in gels. The resins are complex mixtures and their structure / property relationships are ill defined. We report the synthesis of a library of 2, 3 and 4-fold hyperbranched polymeric oils that are comprised of linear, lightly branched or highly branched dendronic structures. Rheological examination of the fluids and tack measurements of gels filled with 10, 25 or 50% dendronic oils were made. Viscosity of the hyperbranched oils themselves was related to molecular weight, but more significantly to branch density. The properties are driven by chain entanglement. When cured into a silicone gel, less densely branched materials were more effective in improving tack than either linear oils or Me3SiO-rich, very highly branched oils of comparable molecular weight, because the latter oils underwent phase separation.