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Abstract This paper offers a comprehensive, analytical, and critically informed overview of the current state of ocean multi-use research. It delves into the origins, trajectory, and driving forces behind this emerging research field, all within the broader context of investigations addressing the management of increasingly diverse and intensifying activities at sea. The Bibliometrix R package is employed to analyze the social, geographical, and conceptual dimensions of multi-use scientific production. The results obtained are then compared to a larger corpus of publications focusing on both multiple-use Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Finally, the paper addresses research gaps, with a particular emphasis on the transdisciplinary challenges associated with translating this new marine policy concept into practical implementation and extending its application beyond European seas.

Summary NAD+ is a central cofactor that plays important roles in cellular metabolism and energy production in all living cells. Genomics-based reconstruction of NAD+ metabolism revealed that Leishmania protozoan parasites are NAD+ auxotrophs. Consequently, these parasites require assimilating NAD+ precursors (nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide riboside) from their host environment to synthesize NAD+ by a salvage pathway. Nicotinamidase is a key enzyme of this salvage pathway that catalyses conversion of nicotinamide (NAm) to nicotinic acid (Na), and that is absent in higher eukaryotes. We present here the biochemical and functional characterizations of the Leishmania infantum nicotinamidase (LiPNC1). Generation of Lipnc1 null mutants leads to a decrease in NAD+ content, associated with a metabolic shutdown-like phenotype with an extensive lag phase of growth. Both phenotypes could be rescued by an add-back construct or by addition of exogenous Na. In addition, Lipnc1 null mutants were unable to establish a sustained infection in a murine experimental model. Altogether, these results illustrate that NAD+ homeostasis is a fundamental component of Leishmania biology and virulence, and that NAm constitutes its main NAD+ source in the mammalian host. The crystal structure of LiPNC1 we solved allows now the design of rational inhibitors against this new promising therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the work was to know the reference values of thyroxin (T4) hormone under grazing condition of beef cattle in the northwest area of La Pampa. Hundred eighteen blood samples from bovine allocated in six beef farms at the Department of Realico, Chapaleufú, Maracó and Quemú-Quemú were evaluated as consequence of different feeding type. The values founded in blood T4 concentration varied in relation to the amount of iodine concentration in the feedstuff, being the lowest values at the Rancul department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This approach is based on the following theoretical and methodological assumptions: the classroom should be an environment for exchange between experiential and academic culture. The firstone will be point of departure where the new contents activate habitual schemas of acting and thinking. Thus we can sate that the acquisition of the academic culture should take place trough a process of reconstruction rather than imposition. Furthermore, its important to generate an atmosphere of meaningful learning to foster a reflective and critical attitude on the part of student, who should be able to establish a relationship between pre-existing cognitive structures and the knowledge. This approach will result in a total comprehension of the new theoretical and practical propositions. This approach will be developed in the Medical Pathology Course of the Internal Medicine Department. This is an annual course dictated to sixty students in the fourth year of Veterinary Medicine. The activities are based on a problem situation, where bibliographic resources will be required. The topic "Downer Cow Syndrome" is broad, considering that it can be caused by different pathologies. For this reason, it is important to intercalate practice and theory, where the student should use the knowledge he has acquired in other subjects to find out the pathologic agent that caused the animals decubitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, presents a diversity of natural coastal environments and several historical sites, as well as a large variety of places with potential for tourism. However, the intense and disorderly use of the area may lead to a decreased quality of coastal environments, especially the beaches. This study aims at understanding the types of use and the potential or eventual loss of quality and scenic attractiveness. Research was conducted on beaches in the Northern, Northeastern, Eastern and Southern coastlines on the island of Santa Catarina. Researchers aimed at identifying the scenic attractiveness of these beaches using the methodology of Ergin et al (2006). With this method researchers built a scenic classification, ranking in ascending order from 1, the most attractive natural beaches, to 5, the urban, less attractive beaches. From the 25 beaches studied only three (12%) were classified as Class 1, those being: Lagoinha do Leste, Naufragados and Matadeiro. In other words, these were the only beaches considered to be highly appealing and aesthetically pleasing. These beaches were characterized as natural shoreline with activities consistent to the preservation and conservation of the area. The other 88% (22 beaches) were characterized as having their natural landscapes modified in some way, such as the emergence of urban areas. As a result, more than half of the beaches were classified as Class 4 (24%) and Class 5 (28%). These beaches, 13 in total, were considered to present low landscape quality, in other words, their landscapes were considered to be unattractive. These beaches possess mid to high levels of construction and population growth, with landscapes modified by human activity. They present a high potential for pollution and visual degradation. Thus, beaches with easy access and human intervention are losing, or have already lost, their scenic attractiveness and are in need of management and planning to minimize the damage and restore natural coastal environments.