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4. The interrelationship between multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) and delirium: a scoping review.

Author

Richardson, Sarah Joanna, Cropp, Alexandria Danielle, Ellis, Samantha Wilhelmina, Gibbon, Jake, Sayer, Avan Aihie, and Witham, Miles David

Subjects
RISK assessment, MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, RESEARCH funding, CINAHL database, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHRONIC diseases, SYSTEMATIC reviews, MEDLINE, DELIRIUM, LITERATURE reviews, ONLINE information services, COMORBIDITY, PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems, DISEASE complications
Abstract

Introduction Delirium and multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) share numerous risk factors and have been shown individually to be associated with adverse outcomes following hospitalisation. However, the extent to which these common ageing syndromes have been studied together is unknown. This scoping review aims to summarise our knowledge to date on the interrelationship between MLTC and delirium. Methods Searches including terms for delirium and MLTC in adult human participants were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Psycinfo and CINAHL. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise findings, structured according to Synthesis Without Meta-analysis reporting guidelines. Results After removing duplicates, 5256 abstracts were screened for eligibility, with 313 full-texts sought along with 17 additional full-texts from references in review articles. In total, 140 met inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Much of the literature explored MLTC as a risk factor for delirium (n  = 125). Fewer studies explored the impact of MLTC on delirium presentation (n  = 5), duration (n  = 3) or outcomes (n  = 6) and no studies explored how MLTC impacts the treatment of delirium or whether having delirium increases risk of developing MLTC. The most frequently used measures of MLTC and delirium were the Charlson Comorbidity Index (n  = 98/140) and Confusion Assessment Method (n  = 81/140), respectively. Conclusion Existing literature largely evaluates MLTC as a risk factor for delirium. Major knowledge gaps identified include the impact of MLTC on delirium treatment and the effect of delirium on MLTC trajectories. Current research in this field is limited by significant heterogeneity in defining both MLTC and delirium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Effect of Perindopril or Leucine on physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: the LACE randomised controlled trial

Author

Achison, Marcus, Adamson, Simon, Akpan, Asangaedem, Aspray, Terry, Avenell, Alison, Band, Margaret M., Bashir, Tufail, Burton, Louise A., Cvoro, Vera, Donnan, Peter T., Duncan, Gordon W., George, Jacob, Gordon, Adam L., Gregson, Celia L., Hapca, Adrian, Henderson, Emily, Hume, Cheryl, Jackson, Thomas A., Kemp, Paul, Kerr, Simon, Kilgour, Alixe, Lyell, Veronica, Masud, Tahir, McKenzie, Andrew, McKenzie, Emma, Patel, Harnish, Pilvynte, Kristina, Roberts, Helen, Rossios, Christos, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Smith, Karen T., Soiza, Roy L., Steves, Claire J., Struthers, Allan D., Sumukadas, Deepa, Tiwari, Divya, Whitney, Julie, Witham, Miles D., and National Institute for Health Research

Subjects
Adult, Male, Sarcopenia, Geriatrics & Gerontology, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, ELDERLY-PEOPLE, SUPPLEMENTATION, SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS, DOUBLE-BLIND, LACE study group, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS, Leucine, General & Internal Medicine, Physiology (medical), Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Aged, Science & Technology, Hand Strength, 1103 Clinical Sciences, ADULTS, ASSOCIATION, Physical Functional Performance, 0606 Physiology, PREVALENCE, LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION, Treatment Outcome, Randomized controlled trial, Ageing and Movement Research Group, Perindopril, Female, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Randomised Controlled Trial, INTERVENTIONS
Abstract

Background: This trial aimed to determine the efficacy of leucine and/or perindopril in improving physical function in older people with sarcopenia. Methods: Placebo-controlled, parallel group, double-blind, randomized two-by-two factorial trial. We recruited adults aged ≥ 70 years with sarcopenia, defined as low gait speed (

Published
2022

24. Recovery from resistance exercise in older adults: a protocol for a scoping review

Author

Hayes, Eleanor Jayne, Stevenson, Emma, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Granic, Antoneta, and Hurst, Christopher

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, exercise, ageing, weight lifting, Protocol, review, DOMS, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Abstract

IntroductionResistance exercise has been shown to improve muscle health in older adults and is recommended as a front-line treatment for many health conditions, including sarcopenia and frailty. However, despite considerable research detailing the potential benefits of resistance exercise programmes, little is known about how older adults recover from individual exercise sessions. This scoping review will examine the current evidence surrounding the acute post-exercise effects of resistance exercise and the exercise recovery process in older adults to inform future research and exercise prescription guidelines for older adults.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005) will be applied for this scoping review. A systematic search of five online databases and the hand-searching of reference lists of identified articles will be used to identify relevant papers. Studies that aim to measure exercise-induced muscle damage or exercise recovery following a resistance exercise session in participants aged 65 years and over will be included. Qualitative and quantitative data from relevant studies will be presented in a tabular format. Results will be summarised in narrative format. Key findings will be discussed concerning resistance exercise prescription in older adults.DisseminationThis review will be used to direct further research surrounding the exercise recovery process from resistance exercise in older adults and will also aid in designing specific exercise prescription guidelines for an older population. Findings will be relevant to researchers, clinicians, health workers and policy-makers and disseminated through publications and presentations.

Published
2022

35. Current and future worldwide prevalence of dependency, its relationship to total population, and dependency ratios

Author

Harwood Rowan H., Sayer Avan Aihie, and Hirschfeld Miriam

Subjects
Dependency (Psychology), Population dynamics, Aging, Chronic disease, Disabled persons, Health services needs and demand, Activities of daily living, Cost of illness, Forecasting, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the number of people worldwide requiring daily assistance from another person in carrying out health, domestic or personal tasks. METHODS: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study were used to calculate the prevalence of severe levels of disability, and consequently, to estimate dependency. Population projections were used to forecast changes over the next 50 years. FINDINGS: The greatest burden of dependency currently falls in sub-Saharan Africa, where the "dependency ratio" (ratio of dependent people to the population of working age) is about 10%, compared with 7-8% elsewhere. Large increases in prevalence are predicted in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Latin America of up to 5-fold or 6-fold in some cases. These increases will occur in the context of generally increasing populations, and dependency ratios will increase modestly to about 10%. The dependency ratio will increase more in China (14%) and India (12%) than in other areas with large prevalence increases. Established market economies, especially Europe and Japan, will experience modest increases in the prevalence of dependency (30%), and in the dependency ratio (up to 10%). Former Socialist economies of Europe will have static or declining numbers of dependent people, but will have large increases in the dependency ratio (up to 13%). CONCLUSION: Many countries will be greatly affected by the increasing number of dependent people and will need to identify the human and financial resources to support them. Much improved collection of data on disability and on the needs of caregivers is required. The prevention of disability and provision of support for caregivers needs greater priority.

Published
2004

38. Sarcopenia

Author

Cruz-jentoft, Alfonso J., Bahat, Gülistan, Bauer, Juergen, Boirie, Yves, Bruyère, Olivier, Cederholm, Tommy, Cooper, Cyrus, Landi, Francesco, Rolland, Yves, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Schneider, Stéphane M., Sieber, Cornel C., Topinkova, Eva, Vandewoude, Maurits, Visser, Marjolein, Zamboni, Mauro, Bautmans, Ivan, Baeyens, Jean Pierre, Cesari, Matteo, Cherubini, Antonio, Kanis, John, Maggio, Marcello, Martin, Finbarr, Michel, Jean Pierre, Pitkala, Kaisu, Reginster, Jean Yves, Rizzoli, René, Sanchez-Rodriguez, Dolores, Schols, Jos, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, RS: CAPHRI - R1 - Ageing and Long-Term Care, Health Services Research, RS: Academische Werkplaats Ouderenzorg, Family Medicine, University Management, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, Teachers' Academy, Biology, Research in Geriatrics and Gerontology, Gerontology, Rehabilitation Research, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Frailty in Ageing, Movement and Sport Sciences, Biomechanics, Writing Grp European Working Grp, and Extended Grp EWGSOP2

Subjects
Gerontology, Research design, Aging, Biomedical Research, Disease, EWGSOP2, older people, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistics, Health care, GAIT SPEED, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical diagnosis, ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY, Geriatrics, muscle assessment, Hand Strength, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Skeletal, APPENDICULAR LEAN MASS, General Medicine, musculoskeletal system, 3. Good health, Europe, DWELLING OLDER-PEOPLE, Muscle, GRIP STRENGTH, Corrigendum, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Geriatrik, OF-LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE, MEDLINE, Breast Neoplasms, Guidelines, Discount points, SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS, sarcopenia, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS, muscle strength, physical performance, Biomarkers, Humans, Muscle Strength, Muscle, Skeletal, Sarcopenia, COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY, Sarcopenic obesity, ADIPOSE-TISSUE VOLUMES, business.industry, medicine.disease, body regions, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Ageing, LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Human medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Value (mathematics), human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Correction: Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Article Number: UNSP 601 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz046 Background in 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a sarcopenia definition that aimed to foster advances in identifying and caring for people with sarcopenia. In early 2018, the Working Group met again (EWGSOP2) to update the original definition in order to reflect scientific and clinical evidence that has built over the last decade. This paper presents our updated findings. Objectives to increase consistency of research design, clinical diagnoses and ultimately, care for people with sarcopenia. Recommendations sarcopenia is a muscle disease (muscle failure) rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime; sarcopenia is common among adults of older age but can also occur earlier in life. In this updated consensus paper on sarcopenia, EWGSOP2: (1) focuses on low muscle strength as a key characteristic of sarcopenia, uses detection of low muscle quantity and quality to confirm the sarcopenia diagnosis, and identifies poor physical performance as indicative of severe sarcopenia; (2) updates the clinical algorithm that can be used for sarcopenia case-finding, diagnosis and confirmation, and severity determination and (3) provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify and characterise sarcopenia. Conclusions EWGSOP2's updated recommendations aim to increase awareness of sarcopenia and its risk. With these new recommendations, EWGSOP2 calls for healthcare professionals who treat patients at risk for sarcopenia to take actions that will promote early detection and treatment. We also encourage more research in the field of sarcopenia in order to prevent or delay adverse health outcomes that incur a heavy burden for patients and healthcare systems.

Published
2019

39. Contribution of common non-synonymous variants in PCSK1 to body mass index variation and risk of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis with evidence from up to 331 175 individuals

Author

Nead, Kevin T., Li, Aihua, Wehner, Mackenzie R., Neupane, Binod, Gustafsson, Stefan, Butterworth, Adam, Engert, James C., Davis, A. Darlene, Hegele, Robert A., Miller, Ruby, den Hoed, Marcel, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O., Wareham, Nick, Edwards, Todd L., Hallmans, Göran, Varga, Tibor V., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Smith, Jennifer A., Zhao, Wei, Faul, Jessica D., Weir, David, Mi, Jie, Xi, Bo, Quinteros, Samuel Canizales, Cooper, Cyrus, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Jameson, Karen, Grøntved, Anders, Fornage, Myriam, Sidney, Stephen, Hanis, Craig L., Highland, Heather M., Häring, Hans-Ulrich, Heni, Martin, Lasky-Su, Jessica, Weiss, Scott T., Gerhard, Glenn S., Still, Christopher, Melka, Melkaey M., Pausova, Zdenka, Paus, Tomáš, Grant, Struan F. A., Hakonarson, Hakon, Price, R. Arlen, Wang, Kai, Scherag, Andre, Hebebrand, Johannes, Hinney, Anke, Franks, Paul W., Frayling, Timothy M., McCarthy, Mark I., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Loos, Ruth J., Ingelsson, Erik, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Yusuf, Salim, Beyene, Joseph, Anand, Sonia S., and Meyre, David

Published
2015
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41. Quality of Life in Sarcopenia and Frailty

Author

Rizzoli, René, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Arnal, Jean-François, Bautmans, Ivan, Beaudart, Charlotte, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike, Biver, Emmanuel, Boonen, Steven, Brandi, Maria-Luisa, Chines, Arkadi, Cooper, Cyrus, Epstein, Sol, Fielding, Roger A., Goodpaster, Bret, Kanis, John A., Kaufman, Jean-Marc, Laslop, Andrea, Malafarina, Vincenzo, Mañas, Leocadio Rodriguez, Mitlak, Bruce H., Oreffo, Richard O., Petermans, Jean, Reid, Kieran, Rolland, Yves, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Tsouderos, Yannis, Visser, Marjolein, and Bruyère, Olivier

Published
2013
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46. Long-term conditions, multimorbidity, lifestyle factors and change in grip strength over 9 years of follow-up : findings from 44,315 UK Biobank participants

Author

Hurst, Christopher, Murray, James C, Granic, Antoneta, Hillman, Susan J, Cooper, Rachel, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Robinson, Sian M, Dodds, Richard M, Hurst, Christopher, Murray, James C, Granic, Antoneta, Hillman, Susan J, Cooper, Rachel, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Robinson, Sian M, and Dodds, Richard M

Abstract

Background Weak grip strength is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes and an accelerated decline in grip strength confers an even greater risk. The factors associated with change in grip strength in mid-life remain to be fully determined. Methods We used data from 44,315 UK Biobank participants who had grip strength measured at baseline (2006-10) and a subsequent visit approximately nine years later. At baseline, participants’ long-term conditions (LTCs) were categorised against a hierarchy, with multimorbidity characterised by the number of LTC categories. Lifestyle factors were assessed. Change in grip strength was grouped into four patterns: decline, stable low, stable high or reference (no change or increase) and used as the outcome in multinomial logistic regression. Results Most LTC categories were associated with adverse patterns of change in grip strength (stable low and/or decline): for example, musculoskeletal / trauma conditions were associated with an increased risk of the stable low pattern (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR]=1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-1.79). Multimorbidity and lifestyle factors had independent associations with grip strength change. Those with 3+ categories of LTCs were more likely to experience decline in grip strength (RRR=1.18; 95% CI: 1.08-1.28) compared to those with none. Low physical activity was associated with adverse patterns of grip strength, while raised body mass index (BMI) had divergent associations. Conclusions Individuals living with multimorbidity and those with lifestyle risk factors such as low physical activity are at increased risk of low muscle strength and the loss of strength over time.

Published
2021

50. Prevalence and correlates of frailty among community-dwelling older men and women: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

Author

Syddall, Holly, Roberts, Helen C., Evandrou, Maria, Cooper, Cyrus, Bergman, Howard, and Sayer, Avan Aihie

Subjects
Epidemiology -- Research, Frail elderly -- Statistics, Frail elderly -- Health aspects, Frail elderly -- Care and treatment, Frail elderly -- Social aspects, Comorbidity -- Demographic aspects, Comorbidity -- Social aspects, Health, Psychology and mental health, Seniors, Social sciences
Published
2010

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