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Pyrazinamide Induced polyarthralgia is common but myalgia is an uncommon adverse drug reaction. Understanding a case with estimated peak plasma concentration correlation is very rarely performed. We describe a case of 45 year old female patient with pulmonary tuberculosis who developed polyarthralgia and myalgia with the standard dose of pyrazinamide in a fixed-dose antitubercular regimen. She had an estimated peak plasma concentration of 48.2 μg/ml which was in the upper limit of the normal range of proposed therapeutic range for pyrazinamide. She had increased levels of serum uric acid and creatine kinase. Resolution in polyarthralgia was observed within 14 days of pyrazinamide dechallenge. However, resolution in myalgia was delayed.

Psoralea corylifolia is used for treatmet of skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo. Psoralen is responsible for its effectiveness against psoriasis. Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol are DNA polymerase and topoisomerase II inhibitors. To study the effect of pH and gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes on Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia Linn using a simple, sensitive, accurate and robust high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method. The method was performed on silica gel 60 F254with n- Hexane : Ethyl acetate (7.5 : 2.5 v/v) as the mobile phase. Densitometric scanning at 285 nm for Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol was used. The method was validated as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). In addition the applicability of the method was tested for the standardization of both mono and polyherbal formulations containing the above markers. The Rf values of 0.37, 0.48 and 0.63 were obtained for Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol respectively. The linearity range of 20-120 ng spot-1, 20-120 ng spot-1 and 80-280 ng spot-1 with good correlation coefficients of r2 = 0.998, 0.998 and 0.999 were obtained for Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol respectively. The method was applied for the in vitro stability studies of above markers in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids to study the effect of pH and GI enzymes. Psoralen was found to be most stable in the simulated physiological fluids whereas other two compounds showed instability. The method was found to be precise, robust and suitable for the routine quality control analysis of plant extracts and polyherbal formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid and sensitive method for the extraction and determination of four major polyphenolic components in Euphoria longana Lam. seeds is presented for the first time based on matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Matrix solid-phase dispersion method was designed for the extraction of Euphoria longana seed constituents and compared with microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods. An Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion-trap mass spectrometry method was developed for quantitative analysis in multiple-reaction monitoring mode in negative electrospray ionization. The chromatographic separation was accomplished using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column with gradient elution of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. The developed method was validated with acceptable linearity ( r2 > 0.999), precision (RSD ≤ 2.22%) and recovery (RSD ≤ 2.35%). The results indicated that matrix solid-phase dispersion produced comparable extraction efficiency compared with other methods nevertheless was more convenient and time-saving with reduced requirements on sample and solvent volumes. The proposed method is rapid and sensitive in providing a promising alternative for extraction and comprehensive determination of active components for quality control of Euphoria longana products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal medicine, the backbone of traditional medicine, has been playing an important role on the human health and welfare for a long period. Patients suffered from various ailments consume herbal remedies along with prescription medicines with or without the knowledge of health care practitioner. The effectiveness of using herbal medicine in combination with modem pharmaceuticals, and the possible adverse effects from herb-drug interactions remain to be verified. The challenge in herb drug interaction studies is that the animal pharmacokinetic studies cannot be extrapolated to humans due to the differences in the CYP450 enzymes. However the pharmacokinetic and dynamic studies can alarm the researchers to involve in further research. RA is a condition that causes inflammation of the lining of the joint or synovial membrane, which affects people in all age groups and is more common in women. The treatment strategy for RA includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drags, glucocorticoids, Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biological response modifiers. Andrographis paniculata Nees (AP) is widely used for the RA treatment in south India. The antiinflammatory activity of the AP extract is attributed to Andrographolide. AG and AP extract (APE) significantly induced the expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. APE inhibited the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C in rat and human liver microsomes. Prompted by these findings the herb drug interaction of AP and AG was investigated with selected anti rheumatic drugs. This presentation elaborates the Herb drug interaction by taking few studies carried out using AP and AG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Royal jelly is an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective bee product. There are several sources for royal jelly and one of them is Indian Royal Jelly (IRJ). However, the neuroprotective actions of IRJ and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved are not well known., Objective: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of IRJ in the okadaic acid (OKA)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model in rats., Methods: In male Wistar rats, OKA was intracerebroventricularly (ICV) administered, and from day 7, they were treated orally with IRJ or memantine for 21 days. Spatial and recognition learning and memory were evaluated from days 27-34; employing the Morris water maze (MWM) and the novel object recognition tests (NORT), respectively. In vitro biochemical measurements were taken of the cholinergic system and oxidative stress markers. In silico docking was used to find the role of tau protein kinase and phosphatase in the pharmacological action., Results: In OKA-induced rats, IRJ decreased the escape latency and path length in MWM and increased the exploration time for novel objects and the discrimination index in NORT. ICV-OKA rats had higher free radicals and cytokines that caused inflammation and their level of free radical scavengers was back to normal with IRJ treatment. IRJ increased the level of acetylcholine and inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Moreover, the in silico docking study revealed the strong binding affinity of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), a bioactive constituent of IR, to the tau protein kinases and phosphatases., Conclusion: IRJ may serve as a nootropic agent in the treatment of dementia, and owing to its capacity to prevent oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and increase cholinergic tone; it has the potential to be explored as a novel strategy for the treatment of dementia and AD. More studies may be needed to develop 10-HDA as a novel drug entity for AD., Competing Interests: Rahul N. Dubey, Sathiyanarayanan L, Sandeep Sankaran and Arulmozhi S declare that they have no conflict interests to declare that are relevant to the work reported in this manuscript., (© 2023 Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University. Production and hosting by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.)

Objective: To isolate and characterize the alcohol-producing yeasts from Woodfordia fruticosa flowers, which are used for the induction and maintenance of fermentation in the making of Ayurvedic formulations., Materials and Methods: Initially twenty four yeasts strains were isolated on MGYP agar plate. Among them, four strains were selected for further studies on the basis of their alcohol generation capacity using jaggery media (50% w/v). Physiological, biochemical and genetic characterization (18S rRNA sequencing) of selected strains were carried out., Results: Physiological, biochemical and genetic characterization (18S rRNA sequencing) confirmed the strains as Saccharomycopsis fibuligera Jm.8, S. fibuligera Jm.10, S. fibuligera Jm.16 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Jm.20. Under the controlled conditions, S. cerevisiae Jm.20 produced 69.57 g/l of alcohol, whereas remaining strains produced the alcohol in the range of 6.04-7.32 g/l., Conclusion: Among selected strains, strains S. fibuligera are a newer in the flowers. Kinetic study of alcohol generation revealed the strain S. cerevisiae Jm.20 can be efficiently used in making of fermented Ayurvedic formulations instead of use W. fruticosa flowers.

Tissue culture technique is becoming popular because of its well-known ability to enhance the content of secondary metabolites in plants. Callus tissue cultures of Nothapodytes foetida were developed using 250 different medium compositions to optimize this procedure. Methanolic extracts of callus (MEC) and of various parts of N. foetida were comparatively analyzed for camptothecin content, and a high performance thin layer chromatography method was developed for its quantitation. Chloroform-ethylacetate-methanol (4 : 5 : 0.5 v/v) was used as the mobile phase. The method was validated for linearity, precision (interday and intraday), repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), and accuracy. The relationship between the concentration of standard solutions and the peak response was linear within the range of 80 to 480 ng/spot with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 +/- 0.020. Instrumental precision was evaluated as 0.54 (% CV). Repeatability of sample and standard were estimated to be 1.08 and 1.01 (% CV), and LOD and LOQ were found to be 40 and 80 ng/spot, respectively. The accuracy of the method was checked out by a recovery study and the average percentage recovery was calculated as being 99.13 %. The methanolic extract of callus grown in tissue culture with medium composition picloram + thidiazuron + gibberellic acid (1 : 1 : 4; MEC-PTG) showed a higher percentage of camptothecin (5.74 % w/v) than the methanolic extract of fruits (3.56 % w/w), leaves (1.56 % w/w), stem (1.19 % w/w), and root (1.11 % w/w). The results of the antimicrobial screening indicate that MEC-PTG exhibited maximum activity against all microorganisms. Among the fungi tested, MEC-PTG showed maximum activity against A. niger and C. albicans (MIC value 10 microg/mL) whereas among bacteria strains, its activity was highest against B. subtilis and S. lutea (MIC 20 microg/mL)., ((c) Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York.)