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In June 2011-June 2012, a fertilization experiment was conducted in a typical Castanea mollissima stand in Lin'an of Zhejiang Province, East China to study the effects of inorganic and organic fertilization on the soil CO2 flux and the relationships between the soil CO2 flux and environmental factors. Four treatments were installed, i. e. , no fertilization (CK), inorganic fertilization (IF), organic fertilization (OF), half organic plus half inorganic fertilization (OIF). The soil CO2 emission rate was determined by the method of static closed chamber/ GC technique, and the soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentration were determined by routine methods. The soil CO2 emission exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, with the highest rate in July or August and the lowest rate in February. The annual accumulative soil CO2 emission in CK was 27. 7 t CO2 ·hm-2 ·a-1, and that in treatments IF, OF, and OIF was 29. 5%, 47. 0%, and 50. 7% higher than the CK, respectively. The soil WSOC concentration in treatment IF (105. 1 mg kg-1) was significantly higher than that in CK (76. 6 mg·kg-1), but was obviously lower than that in treatments OF (133. 0 mg·kg-1 ) and OIF (121. 2 mg·kg-1 ). The temperature sensitivity of respiration (Q10) in treatments CK, IF, OF, and OIF was 1. 47, 1. 75, 1. 49, and 1. 57, respectively. The soil CO2 emission rate had significant positive correlations with the soil temperature at the depth of 5 cm and the soil WSOC concentration, but no significant correlation with soil moisture content. The increase of the soil WSOC concentration caused by fertilization was probably one of the reasons for the increase of soil CO2 emission from the C. mollissima stand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effect of traditional chinese medicine (TCM) compound on myeloid leukemia cells and to explore its anti-leukemic mechanism., Methods: Myeloid leukemia cell lines were cultured in vitro and treated with TCM compound. The proliferation of the leukemia cells was measured by CCK8 method. The differentiation of the leukemia cells was evaluated by using Wright＇s staining method and by light microscopy, and the expression of differentiation-related surface antigens such as CD11B was measured and by flow cytometry, the apoptosis of the leukemia cells was detected by flow cytometry with using Annexin V staining., Results: Compared with untreated 4 leukemia cell lines HL-60, MOLM-13, MV4-11, AML-M5, the proliferations of 4 leukemia cells treated with different concentrations of TCM compound decreased (P<0.05), and their proliferation inhibition were in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.9236; r=0.7488; r=0.8889; r=0.8119); compared with HL-60 and AML-M5 leukemia cells, the drug-treated 2 leukemia cells displayed obvious differentiated changes; compared with untreated HL-60 leukemia cell line, the expression of surface antigen CD11B increased by 85%±7.13% in HL-60 cells treated IC50 concentration of drug; compared with untreated AML-M5 leukemia cell line, the apoptotic rate of AML-M5 treated with 1.5 and 2 μl doses of TCM compound increased. (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The traditional chinese medicine compound may inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cell lines mainly by inducing leukemia cell differentiation and apoptosis.

In order to investigate the effect of fertilization on soil fungal community of Phyllostachys violascens stand, we characterized the abundance and community structure of soil fungi using the methods of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and real-time quantitative PCR. The experimental treatments included blank control (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), organic manure (M), mixture of chemical fertilizer and organic manure (CFM) and mixture of chemical fertilizer and organic manure plus mulching (CFMM). The results showed that fungal community structure and diversity were markedly affected by different fertilization regimes. In 0-20 cm soil layer, CF and CFMM treatments resulted in a significant reduction of Shannon and evenness indices. Soil fungi under CK, M, CFMM treatments in 0-20 cm soil layer and CK, CF, CFMM treatments in 20-40 cm soil layer formed independent community structures. Soil fungal abundance showed significantly positive correlation with the concentrations of soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available nitrogen concentrations were the main factors that influenced the variation of fungal community composition. The above findings indicated that 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers had different characteristics in response to different fertilization regimes under P. violascens stand. The soil fungal community in the 0-20 cm layer was mainly affected by soil organic matter, while that in the 20-40 cm layer was sensitive to the input of chemical fertilizer. The effect of fertilization on the diversity of fungal community mainly occurred in the 0-20 cm soil layer.

In June 2011-June 2012, a fertilization experiment was conducted in a typical Castanea mollissima stand in Lin' an of Zhejiang Province, East China to study the effects of inorganic and organic fertilization on the soil CO2 flux and the relationships between the soil CO2 flux and environmental factors. Four treatments were installed, i. e., no fertilization (CK), inorganic fertilization (IF), organic fertilization (OF), half organic plus half inorganic fertilization (OIF). The soil CO2 emission rate was determined by the method of static closed chamber/GC technique, and the soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentration were determined by routine methods. The soil CO2 emission exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, with the highest rate in July or August and the lowest rate in February. The annual accumulative soil CO2 emission in CK was 27.7 t CO2 x hm(-2) x a(-1), and that in treatments IF, OF, and OIF was 29.5%, 47.0%, and 50.7% higher than the CK, respectively. The soil WSOC concentration in treatment IF (105.1 mg kg(-1)) was significantly higher than that in CK (76.6 mg x kg(-1)), but was obviously lower than that in treatments OF (133.0 mg x kg(-1)) and OIF (121.2 mg x kg(-1)). The temperature sensitivity of respiration (Q10) in treatments CK, IF, OF, and OIF was 1.47, 1.75, 1.49, and 1.57, respectively. The soil CO2 emission rate had significant positive correlations with the soil temperature at the depth of 5 cm and the soil WSOC concentration, but no significant correlation with soil moisture content. The increase of the soil WSOC concentration caused by fertilization was probably one of the reasons for the increase of soil CO2 emission from the C. mollissima stand.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy, adverse reaction and safety of Jieyu pill (JYP) in treating depression., Methods: The randomized controlled trial was conducted in 28 patients in the treated group and 29 patients in the control group treated with maprotiline (Map). The efficacy of treatment was evaluated before treatment and 14, 28 and 42 days after treatment, with Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD), self-rating scale for depression (SDS), self-rating scale for anxiety (SAS) and clinical global impression (CGI), the adverse reaction was assessed by Asberg Rating Scale (ARS)., Results: JYP was effective in treating depression, the markedly effective rate being 78.8%, corresponded to that of Map (82.8%, P > 0.05). After treatment, the scores assessed by HAMD, SDS and SAS were all lower than those before treatment (P < 0.01) respectively, but comparison between the two groups showed insignificant difference (P > 0.05). However, scores of ARS were significantly lower in the treated group than that in the control group, and the efficacy index of JYP was significantly higher than that of Map (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: JYP in treating depression shows the efficacy corresponded to that of Map and with less adverse reaction.