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Purpose: Study on the effect of psychological skills training on self-esteem (SE) in young athletes. Method: 10 swimmers and 35 volleyball players, split into an intervention group (25) and a control group (18). The intervention entailed a 3-week psychological skills training program covering arousal management, breathing, relaxation, mental imagery, and self-talk. Multilevel growth curve analyses evaluated SE changes. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in multiple SE dimensions—physical self-worth, fitness, athletic competence, strength, and body attractiveness but not general SE. Conclusions: This study provides initial evidence of a multimodal psychological skills training's effectiveness in enhancing young athletes' domain-specific SE. It highlights the role of domain-specific SE in young athletes' well-being. Future research should examine psychological and physiological correlations and assess the long-term SE development in adolescent athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to understand the lived experiences of wheelchair basketball athletes from low- and middle-income countries of recent or current armed conflict and the meaning that they ascribed to their participation. Wheelchair basketball athletes (N = 108) from eight national teams participated in semistructured focus-group interviews. Study data were analyzed thematically using an interpretive descriptive approach. Three themes were developed: "I can do anything I want; not only basketball," self-concept changes through sport participation; "Now they see me as a respectable person," societal belonging through sport; and "I have motivated other disabled people," influence on nonparticipating disabled persons. The findings indicated that participation in wheelchair sports may help disabled persons see themselves as capable individuals on the court and in aspects of daily living, perhaps even peer role models for other disabled persons in their communities and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confrontation on Borneo tests a thesis on counterinsurgency: winning hearts and minds succeeds if object place/people win over the hearts and minds of subject counterinsurgency soldiers. This psychological transformation depends on fixed objects that counterinsurgency cannot easily change: the counterinsurgency destination and the counterinsurgents' place of origin that formed soldiers' unconscious selves. Soldiers encountered on Borneo a transformative, attractive, alien destination that changed their behavior. Soldiers then ratified unconscious behavior by asserting that the cause was their innate decency and official hearts and minds policy. But Borneo had formed the unconscious self that gave form to hearts and minds. This article argues that altered states of being shape counterinsurgency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the physical activities have demonstrated efficacy in improving physical self-perception, the findings of available studies in college students were conflicting. This review aimed to examine the effects of physical activity interventions on physical self-perception in college students. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Embase, Scopus, CNKI, WanFang, and Chinese Technical Periodicals were searched from inception to April 2024. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non-RCTs (non-RCTs) that examined the effects of physical activity interventions on college students' physical self-perception. Random-effects models were used in meta-analyses to synthesize effect sizes. Results: Forty studies (17 RCTs and 23 non-RCTs) with 4955 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, physical activity interventions had small to moderate significant effect on physical self-worth (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.44, P <.00001), perceived sports competence (SMD = 0.60, P <.00001), perceived physical condition (SMD = 0.45, P <.00001), perceived physical strength (SMD = 0.53, P <.00001), and perceived body attractiveness (SMD = 0.54, P <.00001). Significant differences were observed in study design (P =.031–.039), intervention type (P =.003–.031), and intervention duration (P =.002–.036) for some aspects of physical self-perception, such as perceived physical strength and perceived body attractiveness. Conclusions: Physical activity interventions have beneficial effects on physical self-perception in college students, especially those conducted for 12 weeks, 3 times or more per week, lasting 90 minutes or more per session. Large, high-quality RCTs are required to further confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on entrepreneurial networking suggests that women may be more likely than men to select cofounders based on their resources (e.g., knowledge, skills, and experience), as a means to counteract investor bias. In contrast, research on gender in networking suggests that women may be more likely than men to select cofounders based on interpersonal attraction (e.g., liking, trustworthiness, and familiarity), because it aligns with their preference for stable and harmonious relationships. In this paper, we reconcile this tension and ask: "How, when, and why do women differ from men in how they choose cofounders?" We propose that women entrepreneurs generally prioritize interpersonal attraction and de-prioritize resources because doing so aligns with their interdependent self-construal, but these relationships are mitigated when legitimacy is low, such that women entrepreneurs decrease their use of interpersonal attraction and increase their focus on resources as a means to bolster legitimacy. We find support for our framework across three studies. Our findings reconcile a key tension in the literature and highlight how interdependent self-construals enable women entrepreneurs to flexibly adjust their networking approach to cofounder selection by prioritizing interpersonal attraction when legitimacy is high and by increasing their use of resource seeking when legitimacy is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine whether caffeine gum influenced perceptual-cognitive and physical performance during the extra-time period of simulated soccer match-play. Semiprofessional male soccer players (n = 12, age: 22 ± 3 years, stature: 1.78 ± 0.06 m, mass: 75 ± 9 kg) performed 120-min soccer-specific exercise on two occasions. In a triple-blind, randomized, crossover design, players chewed caffeinated (200 mg; caffeine) or control (0 mg; placebo) gum for 5 min following 90 min of soccer-specific exercise. Perceptual-cognitive skills (i.e., passing accuracy, reaction time, composure, and adaptability) were assessed using a soccer-specific virtual reality simulator, collected pre- and posttrial. Neuromuscular performance (reactive-strength index, vertical jump height, absolute and relative peak power output, and negative vertical displacement) and sprint performance (15 and 30 m) were measured at pretrial, half-time, 90 min, and posttrial. Caffeine gum attenuated declines in reaction time (pre: 90.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 90.7 ± 0.8 AU) by a further 4.2% than placebo (pre: 92.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 88.2 ± 0.8 AU; p <.01). Caffeine gum reduced composure by 4.7% (pre: 69.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 65.9 ± 0.8 AU) versus placebo (pre: 68.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 68.3 ± 0.8 AU; p <.01). Caffeine gum did not influence any other variables (p >.05). Where caffeine gum is consumed by players prior to extra-time, reaction time increases but composure may be compromised, and neuromuscular and sprint performance remain unchanged. Future work should assess caffeine gum mixes with substances like L-theanine that promote a relaxed state under stressful conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this placebo-controlled, triple-blind, balanced crossover study was to assess the acute effects of phenylcapsaicin (PC) intake (2.5 mg) on intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and heart rate (HR) during a 30-min cycling task performed at 15% of the individual maximal power. Twenty-two healthy young adults performed the cycling task 45 min after ingesting PC or placebo. IOP was measured with a rebound tonometer before exercise, during cycling (every 6 min), and after 5 and 10 min of recovery. OPP was assessed before and after exercise. HR was monitored throughout the cycling task. We found an acute increase of IOP levels related to PC consumption while cycling (mean difference = 1.91 ± 2.24 mmHg; p =.007, η p 2 =.30), whereas no differences were observed for OPP levels between the PC and placebo conditions (mean difference = 1.33 ± 8.70 mmHg; p =.608). Mean HR values were higher after PC in comparison with placebo intake (mean difference = 3.11 ± 15.87 bpm, p =.019, η p 2 =.24), whereas maximum HR did not differ between both experimental conditions (p =.199). These findings suggest that PC intake before exercise should be avoided when reducing IOP levels is desired (e.g., glaucoma patients or those at risk). Future studies should determine the effects of different ergogenic aids on IOP and OPP levels with other exercise configurations and in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research proposes a novel approach to identity-based choice that focuses on consumers' representations of the self-concept, as captured by the perceived cause–effect relationships among features of an individual consumer's self-concept. More specifically, the studies reported here test the proposal that the causal centrality of an identity—the number of other features of a consumer's self-concept that the consumer believes influenced or were influenced by the identity—underlies identity importance and is a determinant of identity-based consumer behaviors. Across seven studies, using both measured and manipulated causal centrality, the current research provides evidence for the role of causal centrality in identity-based choice. Among consumers who share an identity (belong to the same social category), those who believe that the identity is more causally central perceive the identity as more important and are more likely to engage in behaviors consistent with the norms of the social category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated sex differences in self-reported causes, symptoms, and recovery strategies associated with underperformance in endurance athletes. Methods: A total of 82 athletes (40 women) meeting the inclusion criteria (performance level ≥tier 3, used training diaries, and experienced 1 or more periods of underperformance during their career) completed an online questionnaire. The questionnaire encompassed inquiries regarding load monitoring and experiences with underperformance, focusing on causes, symptoms, and recovery strategies. Results: The most frequently reported symptoms associated with underperformance included psychological (31%), physiological (23%), and health-related (12%) symptoms. Notably, female athletes were more likely to report psychological symptoms associated with underperformance (38% vs 25%, P =.01) compared with male athletes. The leading causes of underperformance comprised illness (21%), mental/emotional challenges (20%), training errors (12%), lack of recovery (10%), and nutritional challenges (5%). Female athletes reported nutritional challenges more frequently as the cause of underperformance compared with males (9% vs 1%, P =.01), whereas male athletes more often attributed underperformance to training errors (15% vs 9%, P =.03). Overall, 67% of athletes reported recovering from underperformance, with a tendency for more male than female athletes to recover (76% vs 58%, P =.07). Furthermore, a higher proportion of male than female athletes reported implementing changes in the training process as a recovery strategy (62% vs 35%, P =.02). Conclusions: This study offers valuable insights into sex differences in experiences with underperformance in endurance athletes. The findings could inform coaches and athletes in both the prevention and treatment of such incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on research on meta‐stereotypes and signaling theory, we examined the effects of organizational signaling on the attraction of autistic applicants. Our model predicted that meta‐stereotypes and the combination of expressed and evidence‐based autism‐conscious signals would have simple and joint effects on candidates' fit perceptions, which would, in turn, affect their job pursuit intentions. Further, we expected that the effect of signaling on our outcomes would be weaker among candidates with strong negative autism meta‐stereotypes. Prior to testing our hypotheses, we conducted a focus group to determine the supports that autistic job seekers deemed most important. As the ability to work from home (WFH) was overwhelmingly the most cited support, we included this as our evidence‐based signal. Specifically, we examined the combined effect of disability‐conscious (vs. disability‐blind) diversity statements and WFH (vs. retirement benefits) on expected fit and subsequent job pursuit intentions. Both meta‐stereotypes and combined signals significantly influenced fit expectations. Further, the autism‐friendly signals significantly affected the fit of candidates with weak and moderate negative meta‐stereotype, but not the fit of candidates with strong meta‐stereotypes. In addition, our results indicate that the signal x meta‐stereotype interaction had an indirect effect on job pursuit intentions. Findings are discussed vis‐à‐vis the research on signaling theory and practical guidance is offered to employers seeking to attract the growing number of autistic job seekers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extending Thompson's discussion of the extended self, I contrast his view if the I Self (in William James' terms) with my focus on James' Me Self. I go on to discuss the Aggregate Self, the Digital Self, and various concepts of plural selves and cultural differences. Thompson's introduction of distributed self fits nicely here and further expands the discussion of self. I introduce the concept of the Extended Object and briefly examine thanobots and AI and the way they may affect our concepts of self in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study proposes and tests a self‐concept‐based perspective for the effects of formal mentoring support on affective organizational commitment (AOC) via multiple mediators. Using time‐lagged multi‐source dyadic data (n = 203), we demonstrate that formal mentoring support significantly influences newcomer–protégés' AOC through an underlying self‐evaluative mechanism indicated by organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE), even in the presence of a well‐established alternative mediator (perceived organizational support; POS). Moreover, we further demonstrate when or under what circumstances such effects might be attenuated or exaggerated by introducing a salient boundary condition to such a process (i.e., perceived mentor organizational prototypicality). As the findings reveal, by making newcomer–protégés feel good about themselves in the workplace (i.e., perceive self‐value) formal mentoring support can also promote organizational commitment, effects that are likely to be amplified when the formal mentor is perceived to be prototypical of the organization. Thus, bridging the mentoring and socialization literatures, the inclusion of our proposed mediators and moderator and testing their relationships simultaneously not only provides a more nuanced view of the underlying mechanisms through which the effects of formal mentoring support are channeled to influence newcomer–protégés' work attitudes but it offers new theoretical elaboration and contextual understanding that we hope will prompt future research and be of benefit to human resource practitioners. Implications to theory, practice and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, systemic condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. IBD can be severe and are associated with impairment in growth, school absences, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Physical activity (PA) could have an anti-inflammatory effect in addition to other benefits. It is important to address the possible risks, physiological effects of PA, and potential barriers, and facilitators for PA participation in pediatric IBD. However, potential barriers and facilitators to PA have yet to be adequately described. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to map and describe the current literature on PA in pediatric IBD populations between 1980 and April 2022 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines for Scoping reviews. Results: Nineteen articles were identified including 10 descriptive, 6 interventional, and 3 physiological responses to PA studies. Patients and healthy controls demonstrated similar responses to exercise. Barriers to participation were low self-esteem, body image, and active IBD symptoms. Facilitators included personal interest, activity with friends, and support from family. Conclusion: This review highlighted that PA participation may reduce in children with IBD-related symptoms. Short- and medium-term impacts of PA on immune modulation require further study; it is possible that regular PA does not negatively affect biomarkers of disease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to estimate the extent to which motivational regulations influence physical activity behavior through role identity among people 55 years or older. Participants (N = 409; Mage = 66.29 years [SD = 7.06]) completed online questionnaires to measure motivational regulations, role identity, and the frequency of physical activity in a typical week and in the past month. Mediation analysis using ordinary least squares path analysis revealed that autonomous forms of motivational regulation (positively) and controlled forms of motivational regulation (negatively) influenced role identity, which then positively influenced physical activity behavior. Bootstrap confidence intervals (95%) for the indirect effects (a × b) based on 5,000 bootstrap samples were entirely above or below zero. These findings point to future experimental evaluations of interventions aiming at both increasing and decreasing autonomous and controlled motivational regulations, respectively, to promote physical activity behavior through role identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People routinely conceive of themselves in their career in both stable and dynamic ways. Individuals may draw common threads across their various career experiences and aspirations to form a stable anchor for their career identity, yet, at the same time, dynamically adapt their self-concept in the context of their career. In this paper, we call attention to the anchoring and evolving forces that people experience as a paradox for their career identity and theorize "career identifying" as an ongoing process of career identity maintenance and change. As individuals contend with career identity tensions, they make adjustments to maintain a balance of anchoring and evolving forces on their career identity or to make shifts that accumulate into career identity change. The career identifying process accounts for both career identity maintenance and change in a single theoretical model that explains how career identity can change over time while being stable enough to make coherent career choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study assessed the impact of a fixed prosthetic rehabilitation on masticatory function in patients diagnosed with stage IV periodontitis. Eligible participants were adults in need of complex rehabilitation due to masticatory dysfunction. Masticatory function was evaluated using the two‐ colored chewing gum mixing ability test (VOH) at the diagnostic phase (T0), 1 week after delivery of the prosthetic prototype (T1), and 1 week after delivery of the final prosthetic solution (T2). Ten subjects were treated with a fixed prosthesis following periodontal and implant surgery using an individualized, fully digital workflow. Full-mouth plaque and bleeding scores, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level improved significantly. VOH was 0.472 ± 0.168 at T0, 0.358 ± 0.166 at T1, and 0.250 ± 0.123 at T2. A significant improvement in VOH was observed from T0 to T1 (difference: –0.114; 95% CI: –0.199 to –0.029; P = .014) and from T1 to T2 (difference: –0.108; 95% CI: –0.200 to –0.015; P = .027). From T0 to T2, VOH increased by 44.3%. Self-perceived assessment of masticatory function also improved from T0 to T2 (P = .002). The fixed prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with stage IV periodontitis allowed for a significant improvement in objective and subjective measurements of masticatory function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging virtual-reality technology, virtual fitting rooms (VFRs) allow online shoppers to virtually try on clothes. Despite its increasing popularity, how VFR technology influences different consumer groups is hitherto unknown. Neglecting such nuances may significantly undermine VFR effectiveness. From a large-scale field experiment with real-world transactional data and five laboratory experiments, the authors document the asymmetric effects of VFR use conditional on consumer body types, characterize the theoretical underpinnings, and identify a systematic set of managerially actionable moderators that can mitigate adverse effects. Specifically, while VFR use enhances product evaluations and purchases among consumers with relatively low body mass index (BMI) levels, it negatively influences responses from high-BMI consumers due to self-image threat induced by avatars that resemble consumers' own bodies. To cope with self-image threat, high-BMI consumers tend to shift the blame to the apparel item, resulting in negative product responses. The authors identify four feasible solutions to alleviate the negative responses among high-BMI users of VFRs, namely, promoting diversified beauty standards, featuring mannequin faces for VFR avatars, providing consumers opportunities to engage in prosocial behavior, and presenting high-status products. These findings offer guidance for retailers to leverage this new technology smartly to enhance both business performance and consumer well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributing to the literature on positive effects of overqualification, this research examines when and why perceived overqualification predicts affiliative and proactive performance at work. Integrating optimal distinctiveness theory with self‐construal theory, we propose that depending on the nature of an employee's self‐construal (i.e., independent, or interdependent), perceived overqualification will be associated with two opposing motivational processes—namely, differentiation and assimilation. We expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for assimilation when an employee has a strong interdependent self‐construal. Conversely, we expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for differentiation when an employee has a strong independent self‐construal. We further argue that assimilation‐seeking and differentiation‐seeking motives will be positively related to affiliative and proactive performance, respectively. We conducted two multi‐waved and multisourced studies to test our hypotheses. In a pilot study (N = 249), we first tested our moderation hypothesis. In our main study (N = 496), we tested our overall moderated mediation model. Results from both studies reveal that perceived overqualification can trigger a need for differentiation or assimilation in employees depending on the nature of their self‐construal. The differentiation‐seeking motive was positively related to proactive performance, while the assimilation‐seeking motive was positively related to affiliative performance. Our findings advance overqualification and motivation literatures and provide insights into talent acquisition and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations are increasingly augmenting employee jobs with intelligent machines. Although this augmentation has a bright side, in terms of its ability to enhance employee performance, we think there is likely a dark side as well. Draw from self‐regulation theory, we theorize that dependence on intelligent machines is discrepancy‐reducing—enhancing work goal progress, which in turn boosts employees' task performance. On the other hand, such dependence may be discrepancy‐enlarging—threatening employee self‐esteem, which in turn detracts from employees' task performance. Drawing further from self‐regulation theory, we submit that employees' core self‐evaluation (CSE) may influence these effects of dependence on intelligent machines. Across an experience‐sampling field study conducted in India (Study 1) and a simulation‐based experiment conducted in the United States (Study 2), our results generally support a "mixed blessing" perspective of intelligent machines at work. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to provide a comprehensive exploration of the implementation of crime prevention plans, programs, and activities (CPPPA) by Philippine National Police (PNP) personnel, with a specific focus on four individuals from the Tacurong City Police Office. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants of the stucy. Additionally, utilizing a multiple case study approach within the qualitative research framework, the investigation identified three central themes: experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights gained during CPPPA implementation. Within the theme of experiences, the study brought to light three sub-themes. Despite encountering challenges and difficulties in the implementation process, PNP personnel derived happiness and fulfillment from their involvement in community activities. Notably, the study underscored the significance of community partnerships as a crucial element for effective crime prevention efforts. Transitioning to the challenges faced, three sub-themes emerged. Mistrust from certain community segments posed obstacles, hindering the efforts of PNP personnel. Additionally, the lack of support in specific instances presented challenges to the successful implementation of CPPPA. Furthermore, issues related to self-image impacted the effectiveness of crime prevention initiatives. In terms of insights, the study uncovered three sub-themes. Effective communication was highlighted as a pivotal factor for successful CPPPA implementation. The emphasis on adhering to orders and protocols emerged as a key consideration for ensuring the effectiveness of crime prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of "beauty" is largely shaped by the success and promotion of cosmetic advertisements, which often target women seeking to enhance their physical attractiveness or conceal perceived imperfections. These advertisements heavily influence Filipinas' perceptions of their own beauty. This study aimed to explore how Filipinas perceive their beauty amidst the idealized standards perpetuated by cosmetic advertisements. Using a qualitative descriptive research design, the study involved 10 Filipino participants aged 18 to 24 from Metro Manila, selected through convenience sampling. Participants were interviewed using a validated semi-structured questionnaire, and thematic analysis was employed to interpret the data. Findings revealed that representations of light-skinned or mixedrace Filipinas in advertisements often exclude and distort the self-perception of Filipinas, leading them to undervalue their own beauty in comparison. Despite these influences, Filipinas demonstrated resilience in recognizing their attractiveness, influenced by historical, cultural, societal factors, and technological advancements. Cosmetic advertisements were found to play both positive and negative roles in shaping Filipinas' self-perception, with some participants significantly influenced by these ads while others remained unaffected or disaffected. This study underscores the complex interplay between media representations and individual perceptions of beauty among Filipinas, highlighting the need for a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach in cosmetic advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsDiscussionEvidence suggests that individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have lower self-concept clarity and that an unclear self-concept is related to symptom severity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-concept clarity is linked to functional impairments and hope for the future in individuals with schizophrenia.A sample of 130 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia completed the Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS), the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9).Lower self-concept clarity was associated with more functional impairments and less hope for the future. These results remained significant when adjusting for sociodemographic and illness course variables.In individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, self-concept clarity may play a role in daily functioning and hope for the future. The implications for interventions aimed at improving functional outcomes and recovery prospects are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To understand the perceptions and meaning of the experience of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) when participating in a telerehabilitation protocol during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a qualitative descriptive analytical study with a phenomenological basis, regarding the individuals' perceptions of telerehabilitation. The interviews were conducted by a semi-structured interview guide and carried out via recorded phone calls, which were later transcribed, categorized, and analyzed based on the principles of phenomenology according to the propositions of Martins and Bicudo. Results: From the qualitative analysis, four themes that configure the structure of the phenomenon emerged: 1) Expectations regarding physical therapy through telerehabilitation during the pandemic; 2) Experiences of the new routine; 3) Perceptions about oneself in the light of the proposed telerehabilitation program; 4) A view of the protocol. Conclusion: Apprehension and fear were present during the implementation of the protocol, however, previous experience with face-to-face physical therapy and the team allowed feelings of happiness, contentment, welcomeness, and satisfaction with the possibility of resuming the activities. The individuals actively participated in the program with commitment and co-responsibility, but the lack of physical contact, limited equipment, and constant concern for the safety and individuality of the participants must be emphasized. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The use of telerehabilitation was a necessary therapeutic alternative during the COVID-19 pandemic period and has currently been consolidated as a complementary resource in the treatment of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). The perceptions of people with PD who have experienced telerehabilitation treatment can influence clinical decision-making regarding the use of this tool in this population. Telerehabilitation is useful when distance separates the patient from the healthcare team, it reduces travel time and expenses and can intensify the amount of treatment. According to our interpretation, telerehabilitation requires a good internet connection and restricts physical contact, so hybrid use of rehabilitation modalities (in-person and remote) could be an interesting option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated whether ideological attitudes (beliefs about religion, social justice) are central to the self-concept. Participants rated ideological attitudes as more self-defining than relevant attitudes (about family, hometown), even though were liked equally (Study 1). Ideological attitudes were as self-defining as attitudes that were personally meaningful, even though the latter were liked more and more psychologically valuable (Study 2). In Study 3, participants reported that if they changed their ideological attitudes or their moral traits (honesty, generosity), they would see themselves as a different person more than if they changed their attitudes about relevant attitudes and their perceptual abilities (hearing, pain tolerance). These studies underscore the important role of ideological attitudes to the self-concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Academic achievement in nursing students is significantly influenced by their self-esteem and goal orientation. Defensive pessimism, a strategy where students set low expectations to prepare for potential failure, helps them stay motivated and focused. While this cognitive strategy can boost effort and performance, its relationship with self-esteem and goal orientation remains underexplored among nursing students, revealing a gap in understanding how these factors interact to influence academic success. Objective: Assess the level and relationship between defensive pessimism, goal orientation, and self-esteem among nursing students at the Faculty of Nursing. Method: Four hundred students were included in the research using a stratified sampling method followed by a simple randomization sampling technique to select 100 students from each academic year. Tools: The Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire, the Goal Orientation Scale, and the Self-Esteem Scale were used. Results: 56.28% of participants had a low level of defensive pessimism, about two-thirds (62.30%) had a low level of goal orientation, and 70.0% of the students had a mild level of self-esteem. In addition, higher levels of defensive pessimism are significantly associated with stronger goal orientation (r =.291, p <.001) but lower self-esteem (r = −.246, p <.001). Additionally, self-esteem is significantly positively correlated with mastery-performance approach goals (r =.335, p <.001; r =.142, p <.001) and significantly negatively correlated with mastery-performance avoidance goals (r = −.351, p <.001; r = −.041, p <.001). Conclusion: These findings highlight the complex interplay between defensive pessimism, goal orientation, and self-esteem in nursing students. Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing targeted interventions to enhance academic achievement and psychological well-being among nursing students, potentially by fostering adaptive goal-setting strategies and addressing the impacts of defensive pessimism on self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical, psychological and social changes that occur during adolescence constitute a physiological crisis that is necessary for development and growth. The establishment of a suitable "self-image" is important for facilitating harmonious psychophysical development during this time. In the current era, digital technology (DT) serves as an extraordinary means of communication for young people, who make significant use of images as a mode of expression. Accordingly, there is growing interest in the relationship between physical development, self-image and use of DT. A review of the published literature on the topic was carried out in April 2024. Fourteen studies (n = 14) were inclused from search of electronic databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, MedLine, and Cochrane Library. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of (DT) on cultural models of adolescent body image, and how this "social" culture can affect wellbeing and development. It was considered that the rise of DT and social media (SM) emphasized in young people the culture of appearance, adherence to ideal models (thinness ideal) and social comparison at an unprecedented level. It was estimated that the digital mechanism works on the adolescent's vulnerability and stimulates the desire for experimentation and amplifies cultural beliefs that expose the young to deviant or pathological behaviors on the body. The use of digital images emphasizes the perception of self by making it more real and alive but empty of content. Our framework highlights that the adolescent can defend himself if he leaves the homologation that the SM condition, regains his own experiences, fill with emotional content and real life the images and the representation of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the relationship between parenting styles and self-concept, emotional intelligence, and subjective well-being among primary school students. Methods: In total, 1,683 students from 10 primary schools in Hangzhou, China, were surveyed using a simple random sampling method. Participants completed the Parenting Style Scale, the Self-Concept Scale, the Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Subjective Well-Being Scale. Results: (1) Father's and mother's emotional warmth was significantly positively correlated with students' subjective well-being (r = 0.513, p < 0.01 and r = 0.478, p < 0.01, respectively). Father's and mother's rejection was significantly negatively correlated with students' subjective well-being (r = −0.257, p < 0.01 and r = −0.285, p < 0.01, respectively). Father's overprotection was significantly negatively correlated with students' subjective well-being (r = −0.178, p < 0.01; r = −0.227, p < 0.01). (2) Self-concept and emotional intelligence acted as chain mediators between father's and mother's emotional warmth and students' subjective well-being (0.337, 0.477 and 0.366, 0.520, respectively). Self-concept and emotional intelligence acted as chain mediators between father's and mother's rejection and students' subjective well-being (−0.590, −0.377 and −0.693, −0.460, respectively). Self-concept chain-mediated between father's and mother's overprotection and students' subjective well-being (−0.380, −0.224 and −0.413, −0.264 respectively). Conclusion: Parenting styles can affect primary school student's subjective well-being both directly and through mediating effects. Self-concept and emotional intelligence partially mediate the impact of emotional warmth and rejection parenting styles, and fully mediate the impact of father's overprotective parenting on subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing adoption of mixed reality (MR) headsets with video passthrough functionality, concerns over perceptual and social effects have surfaced. Building on prior qualitative findings,1 this study quantitatively investigates the impact of video passthrough on users. Forty participants completed a body transfer task twice, once while wearing a headset in video passthrough and once without a headset. Using video passthrough induced simulator sickness, created social absence (another person in the physical room feels less present), altered self-reported body schema, and distorted distance perception. On the other hand, compared with past research that showed perceptual aftereffects from video passthrough, the current study found none. We discuss the broader implications for the widespread adoption of MR headsets and their impact on theories surrounding presence and body transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While wearing masks during the pandemic poses communication and social challenges for people in everyday life, those with social anxiety might find them plausible, aligning with contemporary cognitive theories. Social anxiety involves fearing negative assessments and holding a negative self‐image. Concealing anxiety symptoms during mask use may contribute to a more positive self‐perception. Aims: Given that up to 60% of adults seeking stuttering treatment also meet criteria for social anxiety disorder, this study aims to investigate the complex relationship between communication freedom, self‐perceived stuttering and anxiety in adults who stutter (AWS). The unique context of mandatory mask‐wearing during the pandemic provides an opportunity to explore these dynamics and understand the conflicting relationships between stuttering, anxiety‐related safety behaviours and the need for open communication in AWS. Methods and Procedures: Twenty AWS participated in interviews, responding to open‐ended questions to elucidate their affective, cognitive and behavioural experiences while wearing masks during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to identify the emerging themes and subthemes based on information‐rich quotes, employing a six‐phase recursive process. Various speech and anxiety‐related measures were used to describe the characteristics of the study participants. Outcomes and Results: Three main themes and sub‐themes emerged. The first theme highlights communication challenges for AWS wearing masks, impacting verbal and nonverbal interactions. The second theme reveals AWS wearing masks to conceal stuttering cues, experiencing reduced stress. The third theme indicates that, despite the comfort in concealment, most AWS prefer speaking freely without a face mask. Conclusions and Implications: The conflict between the desire for authentic, fluent communication and the ease of hiding stuttering symptoms poses a major dilemma for AWS. According to the results of this study, most adults who stutter prioritize open communication. However, there were some individual differences. A major factor influencing their decision was their fear of negative evaluation. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: The prevalence of social anxiety is higher among adults who stutter (AWS), possibly stemming from their prior negative experiences with stuttering. In response, AWS may adopt adaptive or maladaptive coping behaviours to manage stuttering and mitigate fears of negative evaluation. Maladaptive strategies, like avoiding certain communication situations, can diminish their satisfaction with everyday speaking situations. What this study adds: This study leveraged the mask‐wearing mandate during the pandemic to explore the intricate relationship between anxiety‐related symptoms and communication. While some participants saw masks as a plausible means to conceal stuttering and anxiety, most preferred open communication without the challenges posed by masks. Our findings offer additional support for the varied emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses that AWS may display in response to changes in daily life, emphasizing the individual differences within this population and highlighting that stuttering goes beyond observable speech dysfluencies. What are the clinical implications of this work?: Our study underscores the need for comprehensive therapeutic interventions addressing both the physical and cognitive‐emotional aspects of stuttering in AWS. Recognizing the role of safety behaviours and self‐focused attention emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach, enhancing communication efficacy and social well‐being for AWS. Addressing speech fluency alone, without considering pertinent cognitive‐emotional factors, falls short in providing adequate stuttering treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Only approximately 20% of college students with an eating disorder (ED) seek treatment. One barrier to seeking treatment is weight discrimination. Past research demonstrates that experiencing weight discrimination is associated with increased ED risk and decreased in‐person treatment engagement. Weight discrimination may be a particularly relevant treatment barrier for students who have a higher body weight given their higher likelihood of experiencing weight discrimination. Methods: College students with a probable ED diagnosis (N = 372; Mage = 23.94; 73.12% women, 18.55% men, 6.18% another gender; 11.29% Asian, 4.57% Black, 12.63% Hispanic, 83.60% White, 4.84% Native American, and 0.54% another race) completed an online self‐report survey that included the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA), Experience of Weight Discrimination (EWD) Scale, and a 0–100 scale to indicate interest in participating in virtual guided self‐help ED treatment. Results: Linear regression showed significant positive relationships between weight discrimination and ED‐related psychiatric impairment and treatment interest. Discussion: Elevations in CIA scores corroborate past literature that suggested that weight discrimination was positively related to ED psychopathology. Contrary to past research, college students who experienced weight discrimination had greater treatment interest. Students who experience weight discrimination may view virtual self‐guided treatment as less weight‐stigmatizing due to the "do‐it‐yourself" approach and no in‐person interactions. Findings highlight the potential impacts of weight discrimination on acceptability of ED‐related care. Future research is needed to identify ways to reduce weight discrimination and promote weight‐inclusive practices in the medical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study investigated the association between social media engagement and factors related to well-being (e.g., depression, anxiety, sleep, loneliness, self-esteem). Participants: A sample of 1120 college student-athletes (338 males, 777 females, 5 identified as non-binary) from nine universities participated in this study. Method: Data were collected through self-report measures and screen shots of participants' screen time in the previous week. Results: Overall screen time taken from devices was not associated with self-reported well-being, whereas use of social media during daily activities was related to worse well-being across domains (e.g., lower self-esteem, higher fear of missing out, stress, anxiety, depression). In addition, student-athlete perceptions that social media interfere with their lives were related to worse well-being. Conclusions: The implications of these findings, including the possibility of using protective behavioral strategies (PBS) to reduce negative impacts of social media in college students, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: While many are aware of the benefits of exercise, there has been a decline in participation across all ages, with dramatic declines during adolescence/young adulthood. This study aimed to determine whether hope, body-esteem, and motivation to exercise contribute to exercise behavior among college students. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 104) were recruited through the psychology research pool and athletic department. Method: Participants completed a set of questionnaires measuring hope, motivation, body-esteem, and participation in exercise. Results: We performed a hierarchical regression to determine whether hope predicted exercise above the influence of motivation, body-esteem, and demographic factors. Our analysis revealed a significant model predicting exercise with hope and participation in collegiate athletics as significant predictors. Conclusions: The combination of health/enjoyment motivation, participation in collegiate athletics, body-esteem, and hope predicts exercise behavior among college students. Identifying that hope played a significant role is an intriguing finding and warrants continued research on hope in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between religion and health tends to be framed positively. Religion has been found to act as a coping mechanism and source of support in times of ill health. In this paper, we focus on the disruptive effect of chronic illness on religious practice and cultural engagement. Drawing on interviews with ethnic minority adults with end‐stage kidney disease, who also identify as religious, we introduce the concept 'cultural disruption'. While religious practice and belief was found to provide strength and comfort we also found that chronic illness had a disruptive impact on religious and cultural practice that participants attempted to manage. To highlight the potential disruptive effect of chronic illness on religious faith and cultural engagement we identify three elements of cultural disruption—disruption to religious practice, disruption to sense of self and identity and disruption to wellbeing. We conclude by suggesting that understanding and accounting for the potential of cultural disruption when diagnosing, treating and supporting people with chronic illness offers an alternative entry point to the life‐worlds of patients who identify as religious and the things that are important to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of performance and image-enhancing drugs (PIEDs) is commonly pathologised in public health discourse as stemming from an unhealthy relationship to masculinity, and is often framed as intrinsically 'risky' and fundamentally at odds with 'good health'. This article examines Australian health promotion materials on PIEDs to analyse their role in shaping notions of good health, normal gender and appropriate self-improvement. To do so, it draws on the work of Butler, Law and Latour to consider how these materials co-constitute men and their health, often in problematic ways. First, we examine the ways in which PIEDs are constituted via a politics of the 'natural', then consider how the health promotion materials on PIEDs participate in the regulation of appropriate, healthy masculinity, and conclude by examining how adolescent masculinity is co-constituted with PIEDs. We observe a key tension between health promotion's avowed interest in improvement and optimisation and its treatment of PIED consumers as aberrant, vulnerable and insecure subjects whose drive to enhance and optimise is characterised by pathology and addiction. We conclude by arguing that health promotion materials on PIEDs fail to acknowledge the exceedingly normative character of enhancement practices in contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds and geopolitical locations face temporal challenges during their transition, yet more research needs to be conducted to understand their time conception in the host society. This study explores how North Korean refugees from remote rural areas in North Korea and China adjusted their time conception in a metropolitan city in South Korea. Data were collected through a pilot study (January-March 2017) and ethnographic fieldwork (February-July 2018), entailing semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, and field notes. Vygotsky's psychological tool and Ricoeur's interpretive approach were employed to solicit the mediation of time conception through organizational activities and narrative meanings. The analysis reveals themes that challenge refugees' time conception reflecting North Korean values and daily activities—Kimilsungism, collectivism, and task-oriented attitude—and the changes in time conception on the sense of the self. Refugees' learning in time conception is a holistic spiritual, social, and personal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black women have disproportionately alarming HSV-2 infection rates yet receive little attention in sexual health literature. Using a strengths-based resilience framework, this study sought to determine culturally relevant protective predictors of self-esteem for Black women who are justice-involved and have HSV-2. The authors conducted secondary data analysis on data from the "Black Women in the Study of Epidemics (B-WISE) Project," a longitudinal prospective study investigating health disparities and health services utilization among Black women with justice involvement. At baseline, N = 151 Black women with HSV-2 who were incarcerated or on probation completed survey measures assessing self-esteem, ethnic identity affirmation and belonging, perceived social support, and John Henryism Active Coping. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed ethnic identity affirmation and belonging and John Henryism Active Coping were significant predictors of self-esteem at 6-month follow-up. Implications are provided for current health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants may experience many psychosocial problems when migrating from a home to a host country, including social isolation. Social exclusion is also important among the problems experienced by immigrants. This study aims to determine the factors affecting Afghan immigrants' perceived social exclusion in Türkiye. Accordingly, a cross‐sectional study was conducted on 211 Afghan immigrants (Mage = 30.66, SD = 9), 24% of whom were females. The socio‐demographic information form, social exclusion scale, self‐esteem rating scale, and life satisfaction scale were used to collect data in this study. The findings showed that Turkish language proficiency, the length of residence in Türkiye, working status in Türkiye, life satisfaction, and negative self‐esteem were predictor factors for social exclusion. Considering the results, suggestions to decision‐makers and mental health professionals to reduce the perceived social exclusion of Afghan immigrants are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There were two objectives of this current study. (1) To understand the impacts of hearing loss for late-deafened adults and the experiences of support received both from hearing healthcare providers and peers. (2) To understand the types of support needed during and after a cochlear implant. Design: The study used mixed methods. A survey was posted to three cochlear implant social media groups and participants could self-select to participate in a semi-structured interview by leaving their email address. Study sample: Forty-four late-deafened adults who had also received at least one cochlear implant answered the survey and 16 people were interviewed. Results: A key finding was that most late-deafened adults did not have access to support through the progression of deafness. They often felt alone, making it difficult to maintain their sense of self while reconciling with the hearing changes forced on them. When participants had positive role models who had experienced hearing loss, or mentors who had undergone cochlear implantation, it assisted them in navigating their changing hearing status. Thus, improved connection to peers sustained self-esteem and improved coping strategies. Conclusions: The findings suggest hearing healthcare providers need to introduce a mentoring and support structure for connected care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Risk perception with respect to death is a prerequisite for patients with advanced cancer when the time comes to make medical decisions. However, the nature of death risk perception remains unclear. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 patients with advanced cancer who were recruited from two hospitals and one home-based hospice in Fujian, China. Interviews were transcribed and directed content analysis applied. The Tripartite Model of Risk Perception was used as a theoretical framework. Results: Patients with advanced cancer perceived their risk of death in different ways. Professional communication about death risk and data-driven risk perception were common in clinical settings. Affective influences, inherent cognition, and comparisons to others or oneself also contributed to the subjects' self-perceived death risk. Conclusion: This theory-informed qualitative study clarifies the nature of the perceived risk of death among patients with advanced cancer. The study findings offer healthcare providers a more nuanced understanding of the perceived risk of death among patients with advanced cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life review therapy is a form of psychotherapy framework which involves the guided reflection of life events throughout a patient's life journey. Patients are encouraged to actively recall and analyze important life events, both negative and positive. Through this process, patients may be able to come to terms with, or even resolve negative events such as conflicts and regrets. The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the current knowledge of the use of life review therapy in older adults, and to identify areas for future research. A systematic literature search was conducted across CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase and Scopus. Papers were screened and selected using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria using Covidence and exported into Excel. Data analysis was conducted to synthesise thematic analyses. One hundred and thirty‐one articles from 1974 to 2023 were included in this study and were used to develop four themes: life satisfaction and self‐esteem, depression and depressive symptoms, institutional care and cognitive decline, and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma. Life review has some benefit in older adults in certain groups and situations, although the extent and duration of effectiveness of this benefit is unclear. Life review unlikely improves self‐esteem. However, in the short term, life review appears to improve life satisfaction, depression or depressive symptoms, and PTSD symptoms in the elderly. Life review may be a useful therapeutic tool for older adults with cognitive decline for as long as the intervention continues. Areas for future research are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The physical and emotional burden that scars impose on people's lives has been the concern of dermatological research for quite some time. Usually, the available literature on the topic draws a grim image containing solely dry medical facts. The present study deviates from this approach by reflecting a solution‐centered study which has also touched on the quotidian life of an average person. The overall intention of the present experiment was to inspect how a holistic approach to scars in dermatology can be crucial for the patient's quality of life. Methods: This pilot study compiles data collected through the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) from the same set of patients within the span of a year. Sixty patients with diverse scar profiles were asked to rate POSAS and DLQI in every session. A combination of EBDs was used based on the scar examination. Student's t‐test was run to validate the data. Results: The evaluations by POSAS and DLQI indicate significant improvement in the physical aspect of the scar as well as the patient quality of life a year after the first treatment. According to mean values collected from POSAS, there is a direct correlation between average patient evaluations and physician assessments. Thus, EBDs prove to be efficient in improving the QoL of scar patient. The 20 patients who had reported mild side effects after treatments recovered fully within a few days after the sessions. No patient reported severe side effects. Discussion: Apart from the physical indications that scars bring about into patients' lives, the psychological repercussions caused by scars have a major effect on the QoL of the patients. These repercussions can be divided into individual and social. At the individual level, scars have a profoundly negative effect on the image of the self which leads to several different psychological complications by time. At the social level, scars affect the radius of physical movement besides the quality of the patient's activities. Therefore, EBDs as effective treatment methods can improve itchiness, pain, and so forth, of the patient, and can also improve the psychological aspect. Conclusion: All in all, the present study aims to produce a more panoramic perspective on the concern of scars in the field of dermatology, centering around EBDs as a solution for improving scar patient QoL. With a focus on the efficacy of EBDs in the scar treatment, and with reference to studies on the topic, it is safe to assume that the earlier the scar treatment initiates, the better the outcomes. Departing from this point, in the future of cosmetic dermatology, prepping the skin by EBD treatments before surgery is imaginable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored various aspects of the memorable messages about math education that parents shared with their college aged children and parents' own experiences with math education. Findings revealed that the memorable messages parents recalled sending to their children about math education focused on encouragement, advice, necessity of math, how math skills don't define you, and math being logical. Memorable message themes were not predicted by parents' beliefs about their own math anxiety, math self-concept, or math self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory pilot of innovative support for college-age students with invisible disabilities investigated the effects of a seven-week self-advocacy intervention. A multiple methods approach was utilized to investigate the effect of a self-advocacy instructional intervention on six college-aged students with LD and/or ADHD abilities to advocate with their college professors and understand their disability. The data were collected via semi-structured pre/post interviews, pretest/posttest questionnaires on self-advocacy components, and pretest/posttest role-play sessions requesting accommodations from a professor. Findings revealed that the early disability experiences in K-12 shaped the participants' capacities to learn and demonstrate self-advocacy skills. Four main themes emerged from the stories and lived experiences of six college students with LD and/or ADHD: (a) interactions between family support and educational experiences; (b) self-advocacy knowledge; (c) self-advocacy experiences; and (d) perceived benefits of the intervention. Students found the intervention helpful in supporting future self-advocacy behavior. The findings from this study can be used as a starting point for future investigations and to support findings from other studies. Future research could include extending this study, however, conducting it with first-year students or students newly identified, beginning the first week of classes fall semester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Amid the increasing trend and huge impact of mental illness, psychosocial support (PSS) has been asserted to support individuals' recovery. Unfortunately, about 80% of affected people cannot access care as needed. Meanwhile, digital technology has a considerable role in closing service gaps. Aims: This convergent parallel mixed methods study examines existing mental health service utilization, users' needs for PSS, and feasibility of online PSS development. Methods: A cross-sectional interview survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire at a super tertiary psychiatric hospital in Thailand from March to May 2023, with three groups of service users, having self-perceived conditions/diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 100), mood disorders (n = 84), and others including alcohol and substance use, anxiety and personality disorders (n = 52). Four focus group discussions with three user groups (n = 16) and one multidisciplinary provider group (n = 7) were parallelly executed. Quantitative and qualitative data were convergently analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and thematic and content analysis. Results: Critical shortcomings of PSS were indicated by 75.8% of user participants. Six common types of self-determined PSS were psychoeducational program, support group, skills training, counseling, supported employment, and complimentary therapy. While psychoeducational program was feasible, support group, and counseling were possibly featured within the 'all-at-once' online intervention development. Conclusions: PSS development based on users' needs can promote clinical and personal recovery outcomes, and close the service gaps. Users with mood disorders have the potential for online interventions. Peer-provider formalization, co-production approach, community engagement, digital literacy, infrastructures, and equal access factors are crucial for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance coaches (HPCs) encounter a wide range of demands and face challenges engaging in self-care and recovery activities to promote a sustainable coaching career. In this innovative mixed method study, we aimed to gain an understanding of HPCs' experiences of a brief mindful self-reflection intervention. To address this aim, 18 HPCs completed an 8-week daily intervention and reported their ratings of mood and energy via daily SMS-diaries. Self-reported measures of self-compassion, mindfulness, and well-being were collected at pre-intervention, 2 weeks post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention. Qualitative data consisted of focus group interviews that were conducted 2 weeks after the intervention ended and a written follow-up containing three questions 6 months after the intervention. To further explore the mechanisms throughout the intervention, participants were categorized into two groups, High Mood and Energy (HME) and Low Mood and Energy (LME), and we compared these groupings with qualitative data. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we subsequently developed two overarching themes from these data that characterized group differences, (viz. HME: "Self-aware and open to attend to self-care needs and well-being" and LME: "Reflecting resistance to the intervention and low self-awareness"). Taken together, we interpret these data to suggest this mindful self-reflection intervention has the potential to enhance HPCs' self-compassion. This work provides knowledge that can help guide both coaches and organizations in their quest to promote sustainable coaching careers in the elite sport context and we offer recommendations for practitioners working with HPCs. Lay summary: In this mixed method study, we examined a mindful self-reflection intervention among HPCs with positive quantitative findings for self-reported self-compassion. Participants were also categorized based on daily ratings of energy and mood and from the qualitative data, we generated themes that provide an understanding of risk-factors and resources for sustainable HPCs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study provides support that a brief, daily, mindful self-reflection intervention may aid sustainable high-performance coaching by increasing self-compassion. The promotion of self-reflection may increase awareness of vulnerability and lower the threshold for help-seeking among HPCs, and sport organizations might promote similar interventions with the aim of supporting sustainability among individual HPCs and psychologically healthier elite sport environments. The knowledge developed here on risk factors and resources associated with sustainable high-performance coaching could be used by those responsible for coach education, particularly for coaches transitioning into elite sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objective: To explore how spousal caregivers of older people undergoing rehabilitation experience gender within the Greek community. Research Method/Design: A psychological phenomenological design and analysis were used to illuminate the unique meanings 11 spousal caregivers attribute to their experience of gender by gathering qualitative data via interviews. Results: The data provided an insight into the structure of the experience of gender for the spousal caregivers as a normative diachronic identity in a succession of phases: normative constitution, alienation, and reparation. Conclusions/Implications: The findings highlight the influence of gender stereotypes on spousal caregivers' self-concept, agency, caregiving evaluations, and practices, emphasizing the importance of adopting an intersectional perspective in future research and interventions, considering various factors such as ethnicity, gender, sexuality, age, power dynamics, and cultural norms. Spousal caregivers experience alienation on entering the caregiving journey, with gender-related vulnerabilities affecting their psychological well-being. Addressing these vulnerabilities can improve caregivers' mental health and foster effective coping strategies. The study emphasizes the moral aspect of caregiving, highlighting the relationship between a sense of obligation, feelings of guilt, gender norms, and motivations calling for challenging self-sacrificial morals and societal norms associated with them to empower caregivers to prioritize their well-being while maintaining their caregiving motivations. This shift in perspective can lead to a more positive and fulfilling caregiving experience. Impact and Implications: Innovative framework for understanding spousal caregiving's psychological effects from a gender perspective highlights the role of gender norms in shaping caregivers' experiences, affecting their well-being, agency, emotional responses, coping, and moral decision making. Advances gender and care knowledge, informing research and therapy to enhance caregivers' well-being and caregiving experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effectiveness of the 'Feel Good – Think Positive', a school-based, multi-component, positive psychology intervention (PPI) for elementary school children, designed to enhance optimism and hope. Participants were 361 elementary school children (8–12 years old, M = 9.91, SD = 1.26, 158 boys and 203 girls), assigned to an intervention group (n = 229) or to a control group (n = 132), who completed several measures at baseline and after the intervention's completion. Children in the intervention group exhibited increased optimism, hope, diverse coping strategies, social skills, and self-esteem, and decreased pessimism and anxiety, compared to children in the control group who only showed a significant decrease in anxiety. Mediator analyses revealed that gender had a significant effect on anxiety, age on pessimism, emotion-focused coping, seeking social support, and likeability, and parental educational level had no effect. Results are discussed in relevance to positive psychology literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendous impact on public mental health and on psychological resources such as optimism. In this context, positive psychological interventions like the best possible self (BPS) intervention may be useful tools for resource activation. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial, conducted between January and December 2021, compared BPS (n = 87), C-BPS (n = 85), and daily activity writing groups (DA; n = 82) on psychological outcomes. Each group completed a writing task over four consecutive weeks. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANCOVA, controlling for age, gender, educational attainment, relationship status, current work status, dyslexia (perceived or diagnosed), and perceived social support. The BPS led to short-term increases in positive affect and mood, and decreases in negative affect. However, this effect was limited to the first week, but the trajectories suggest temporal trends that warrant further investigation. In addition, the approach holds promise for specific groups (e.g. people with depression). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]