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This paper presents the development and calibration of a three-dimensional (3D) sediment transport and chemical fate model for the Los Angeles/Long Beach (LA/LB) harbor using the environmental fluid dynamic code (EFDC), as well as specially-designed field programs with low detection limits to collect organics from stormwater and harbor waters. In addition to the new data obtained for the calibration of organics, the hydrodynamic and sediment transport component of the model was calibrated for both dry and wet weather conditions using extensive field data collected throughout the LA/LB harbor over multiple years.

We present real time vanadate (V5+ ) uptake imaging in acowpea plant by positron emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). Vanadium-48was produced by bombarding a Sc foil target with 50 MeV α -particlesat Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA) AVFcyclotron. Then 48 V was added to the culture solution to investigatethe V distribution in a cowpea plant. The real time uptake of the 48V was monitored by PETIS. We measured the distribution of 48Vin a whole plant after 3, 6 and 20 hours of V treatment by Bio-imaging AnalyzerSystem (BAS). After the 20 hour treatment, vanadate was detected at the up-groundpart of the plant. To know the effect of V uptake on plant activity, 18F-labeled water uptake was analyzed by PETIS. When a cowpea plantwas treated with V for 20 hours before 18 F-labeled water uptakeexperiment, the total amount of 18F-labeled water absorption wasdrastically decreased. Results suggest the inhibition of water uptake wasmainly caused by the vanadate already moved to the up-ground part of the plant.

Transition elements, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Zn, as well as Al concentrations in all tissues of the morning-glory (Ipomoea nil L. c.v. Murasaki) with developing seed were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Aluminum as well as most of the transition elements were found to be accumulated in the root. Only small amounts of the elements were accumulated in the upper part of the plant, except for Cr and Mn. However, when the elements at the upper part of the plant were analyzed, the highest concentration of Al, Sc, V, Fe and Zn were shown to be at the tip of the eldest leaf and cotyledon. In the case of Co, the elemental concentration was high in the lower stems, suggesting a barrier to transfer of the element to the leaf from the stem. A barrier of the element movement from leaf petiole to the leaf was not found in most of the elements investigated. In the ripening stage of the seed, highly selective elemental concentrations in seed were found.

To know the effect of drought stress on two cultivars of cowpea, drought tolerant (DT) and drought sensitive (DS), and to estimate vanadium treatment on plant activity, we performed real time 18F labeled water uptake measurement by PETIS. Fluoride-18 was produced by bombarding a cubic ice target with 50 MeV protones using TIARA AVF cyclotron. Then 18F labeled water was applied to investigate water movement in a cowpea plant. Real time water uptake manner could be monitored by PETIS. After the analysis by PETIS, we also measured the distribution of 18F in a whole plant by BAS. When a cowpea plant was treated with drought stress, there was a difference in water uptake manner between DT and DS cultivar. When a cowpea plant was treated with V for 20 hours before the water uptake experiment, the total amount of 18F labeled water absorption was found to be drastically decreased.

A systematic translation study of field-reversed configurations (FRCs) has been conducted on the FRC Injection Experiment (FIX) machine [Okada et al., in Fusion Energy 1996 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1997), Vol. 2, p. 229]. Plasma density and temperature of a translated FRC moving at supersonic speed are measured in the downstream magnetic mirror of FIX to verify a shock jump there when the FRC is reflected. A significant jump is observed. Moreover, the time evolution of the Carbon V Doppler profile is measured both quasi-parallel and perpendicular to the direction of FRC motion. Distinct transitions from Gaussian to non-Gaussian shapes are clearly seen in both profiles before and after the shock jump. Also, the ion mean-free path in the downstream magnetic mirror is calculated to be much longer than the characteristic width of the shock jump. These results indicate that the thermalization of flow energy in the translated FRC in the mirror is produced by a collisionless process, implying that this heating mechanism can be realized even in a reactor regime.

We systematically surveyed period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae based on newly obtained data and past publications. In many systems, the evolution of the superhump period is found to be composed of three distinct stages: an early evolutionary stage with a longer superhump period, a middle stage with systematically varying periods, and a final stage with a shorter, stable superhump period. During the middle stage, many systems with superhump periods of less than 0.08 d show positive period derivatives. We present observational characteristics of these stages and give greatly improved statistics. Contrary to an earlier claim, we found no clear evidence for a variation of period derivatives among different superoutbursts of the same object. We present an interpretation that the lengthening of the superhump period is a result of the outward propagation of an eccentricity wave, which is limited by the radius near the tidal truncation. We interpret that late-stage superhumps are rejuvenated excitation of a 3:1 resonance when superhumps in the outer disk are effectively quenched. The general behavior of the period variation, particularly in systems with short orbital periods, appears to follow a scenario proposed in Kato, Maehara, and Monard (2008, PASJ, 60, L23). We also present an observational summary of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. Many of them have shown long-enduring superhumps during a post-superoutburst stage having longer periods than those during the main superoutburst. The period derivatives in WZ Sge-type dwarf novae are found to be strongly correlated with the fractional superhump excess, or consequently with the mass ratio. WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with a long-lasting rebrightening or with multiple rebrightenings tend to have smaller period derivatives, and are excellent candidates for those systems around or after the period minimum of evolution of cataclysmic variables. © 2009. Astronomical Society of Japan.

Appropriately modeling load characteristics is important for power system analysis, in particular for voltage instability phenomena. Load modeling is becoming ever more important with the increasing penetration of power electronic based loads. In order to improve the process and accuracy of power system planning and to be able to make rational and economical decisions based on studies, appropriate load models for planning studies are critical. Thus, to improve load modeling, a study based on actual field data was carried out and is described in this paper.

The effect of regucalcin, a Ca2+-binding protein isolated from rat liver cytosol, on ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in the nuclei of normal rat liver and of regenerating rat liver was investigated. The liver weight at 1 day after partial hepatectomy was increased about 50% of that of sham-operated (control) rats. Calcium chloride (1.0-20 microM Ca2+ as final concentration) was added into the reaction mixture of nuclear RNA synthesis. RNA synthesis was established by incorporation of [3H]-uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) into the nuclear RNA. Addition of Ca2+ (5 and 10 microM) caused a significant increase of RNA synthesis in the nuclei from control rat liver. Such effect of Ca2+ was potentiated in the nuclei of regenerating liver; nuclear RNA synthesis was increased about 2 fold by the 1.0 and 2.5 microM Ca2+ addition. The stimulatory effect of Ca2+ was significantly inhibited by the presence of alpha-amanitin (10(-8) M), an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II. The presence of regucalcin (0.25 and 0.5 microM) significantly inhibited RNA synthesis in the nuclei from control rat liver and from regenerating rat liver. The inhibitory effect of regucalcin was remarkable in the presence of EGTA (0.5 mM), and it was weakened by the addition of Ca2+ (5 microM). Such regucalcin effect was not seen in the presence of alpha-amanitin. The presence of anti-regucalcin IgG in the reaction mixture significantly increased RNA synthesis in the nuclei from control rat liver, indicating that the endogenous regucalcin may be involved in nuclear RNA synthesis. The present results demonstrate that regucalcin can inhibit nuclear RNA synthesis in rat liver. Regucalcin may have an inhibitory role in the regulation of liver nuclear RNA synthesis.

The effect of various inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II, which has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death, on Ca2+ transport in isolated rat liver nuclei was investigated. Ca2+ uptake and release were determined with a Ca2+ electrode. The presence of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA; 10(-6) to 10(-4) M), etoposide (10(-4) M), genistein (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) or amsacrine (10(-4) M) in the reaction mixture caused a significant increase in Ca2+ release from the nuclei. Also, these compounds (10(-4) M) significantly inhibited Ca2+ uptake by the nuclei. However, the presence of ATA (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) in the enzyme reaction mixture did not significantly inhibit Ca2+-ATPase activity, which is involved in the nuclear Ca2+ uptake, in the liver nuclei, while etoposide (10(-4) M), genistein (10(-4) M) and amsacrine (10(-4) M) appreciably decreased the enzyme activity. Meanwhile, addition of Ca2+ clearly activated DNA fragmentation in the liver nuclei. The Ca2+ activated DNA fragmentation was significantly prevented by the presence of etoposide, genistein and amsacrine with the concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-4) M in the reaction mixture, although ATA (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) had no effect. The present study demonstrates that some apoptosis inducible compounds used can influence on Ca2+ transport system in isolated rat liver nuclei, suggesting a decrease of nuclear Ca2+ level involved in nuclear functions.