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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study determined whether Canopeo and GreenSeeker measurements in Megathyrsus maximus can estimate plant height, dry matter mass, morphological components, and content of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber at different days of growth. Five plots of 5 × 25m M. maximus grass were defined: subplots of 1×1m were evaluated every three days, in which the pasture shows 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 days of regrowth. The subplot was evaluated for canopy height and mass accumulation. The canopeo index (CI) obtained at a higher height was lower than those obtained at a smaller height. Higher measurement height increased the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) relative to 0.10 m. The highest indexes were observed since 18 d of regrowth. Except for the CI evaluated at 0.10 m of height, the indexes were not correlated to the chemical composition of the forage. The CI and NDVI were positively correlated to plant height, dry matter mass, and leaf index, whereas both were negatively correlated with stalk index. Thus, lower evaluation heights for CI and NDVI can be a good predictor of forage height. Values of 0.83 and 85.8 for NDVI and CI, respectively, indicated an appropriate time to start the grazing of M. maximus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os alcalinizantes ou tamponantes são substâncias usadas desde a década de 70 com objetivo de melhorar a modulação ruminal de animais de alta produção (carne e leite). No passado, o potencial genético de produção dos ruminantes era inferior em relação aos altos níveis obtidos após a virada do milênio. Na realidade, na época anterior a dieta animal apresentava uma maior razão volumoso/concentrado que satisfazia as exigências animais. Desta forma, as moléculas usadas como tampões eram menos potentes porque o potencial de acidificação do rúmen era menor. No entanto, o potencial genético para produção de carne e leite foi significativamente aumentado pelas novas biotecnologias introduzidas pelos geneticistas. Desse modo, os nutricionistas foram induzidos a rever os conceitos e paradigmas nutricionais aplicados à produção animal. A razão volumoso/concentrado de antes foi modificada com aumento no concentrado e diminuição no volumoso. Esta mudança de conceito induziu os nutricionistas a desenvolver ou ajustar novas moléculas ou compostos para maximizar o tamponamento do rúmen. Com isso, foram desenvolvidos diferentes produtos ou combinações entre eles com essa finalidade, para evitar, sobretudo, o aparecimento da SARA.

The objective of this study was to report a case of omphaloarteriophlebitis in an eight-day-old crossbred calf, presenting an increase in umbilical volume associated with myiasis. The blood count revealed neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia, and an ultrasound examination was also performed to assess the impairment of internal structures and diagnostic confirmation. Due to the severity of the condition, we opted for the surgical treatment of the animal, using the omphalectomy technique. In the intraoperative period, therapy with antimicrobial, antipyretic, analgesic and mucolytic agents was instituted, in addition to the patient's hospitalization for continuity of systemic therapy and dressings. After 72 hours of surgery, excellent healing of the surgical wound was observed and new laboratory tests detected the absence of neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia, allowing medical discharge, with recommendations for daily dressings on the property and return, after 10 days, for reassessment and removal of stitches. This study reported the clinical findings and therapeutic approach in a case of omphaloarteriophlebitis in a calf. Anamnesis and physical examination are fundamental for the diagnosis of omphalopathies and, when associated with complementary exams, allow the veterinarian to determine the affected structures, enabling the institution of the most efficient and specific treatment. The surgical procedure is a therapeutic method that presents faster results and better recovery rates when compared to clinical treatment alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O Cobalto (Co) é um mineral relativamente raro e um elemento essencial necessário para a formação da vitamina B12 (cobalamina) em seres humanos e animais. A deficiência de cobalto é uma doença que só afeta ruminantes que ingerem em sua dieta baixas concentrações desse mineral, o que acarreta a deficiência dessa vitamina central em diversas vias metabólicas do organismo dos animais. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram fazer uma breve revisão sobre a deficiência de cobalto em ruminantes, abordando os aspectos epidemiológicos, as características clínicas-patológicas, o diagnóstico, o tratamento e o controle dessa enfermidade. A deficiência de cobalto é caracterizada clinicamente por inapetência, perda de peso e problemas reprodutivos. A doença ocorre em todos os biomas e regiões do Brasil, afetando principalmente animais criados em manejo extensivo. O diagnóstico presuntivo baseia-se no histórico e na observação dos rebanhos, nos quais os animais emagrecem apesar da pastagem abundante e o controle é feito pela suplementação com o mineral.

Para a produção de pequenos e grandes ruminantes em regiões de clima tropical, torna-se necessário buscar fontes de alimentos que supram a necessidade dos animais em pastejo ou plantas forrageiras suplementares, agindo como uma forma estratégica de potencializar a produção animal nessas regiões. O sorgo apresenta características favoráveis para regiões de clima tropical, pois exibe rápido estabelecimento, resistência ao déficit hídrico e, comparado às demais culturas, apresenta baixa exigência em fertilidade do solo, sendo uma excelente alternativa para regiões de clima tropical, em que há baixos níveis de fertilidade natural, além da estacionalidade de produção de forragem. Apesar de ser uma cultura de ampla aptidão, o potencial do sorgo é pouco explorado, pois é possível encontrar linhagens com potencial para a produção de grão, materiais forrageiros para silagem e pastejo. Diante disso, foi elaborada uma revisão com os aspectos relacionados ao potencial forrageiro do sorgo. O sorgo apresenta bons índices para a produção de animais a pasto, assim como em situações que almejam a utilização como fonte de forragem suplementar, no entanto, ainda há necessidade de maiores incentivos para a utilização desse material forrageiro na alimentação animal.

Background: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). This disease mainly affects cattle, causing severe economic losses to producers. Objective: To establish individual and herd seroprevalence and determine the risk factors associated with BLV seropositivity for dairy and dual-purpose cattle herds in Ecuador. Methods: A total of 2,668 serum samples from 386 herds were collected. A questionnaire, including variables related to cattle health, management and the environment was completed by each herd. A commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to determine seropositivity. A generalized estimating equation model (GEE) was developed to determine the factors associated with BLV seropositivity. Results: Individual seroprevalence of BLV infection in Ecuador was 17.3% (CI95% = 15.86-18.74%). Herd prevalence was 37.8% (CI95% = 33.0-42.6%), and intra-herd prevalence ranged between 12.5 and 100% (median: 37.5%). The risk factors associated with BLV seropositivity were artificial insemination (OR: 2,215; CI95% = 1.402-3.501), concrete floors (OR: 2.178; CI95% = 1.217-3.889), presence of wild ruminants (OR: 2.998; CI95% = 1.788-5.027), and sampling season (wet; OR: 1.996; CI95% = 1.140-3.497). Conclusions: Results indicate that BLV is widespread in cattle herds in Ecuador. In addition, the study suggests that a control program to fight BLV infection should focus on controlling the risk factors identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fim de maiores esclarecimentos sobre a anatomia dos cervídeos, objetiva-se com esse trabalho, descrever a morfologia do fígado de um exemplar de veado Catingueiro. O mesmo foi avaliado no Laboratório de Anatomia Veterinária da Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUI), o qual apresentou um formato retangular, com identificação dos lobos direito, esquerdo, quadrado e caudado com processo caudado e um discreto processo papilar, além de ausência de vesícula biliar.

Mannheimia haemolytica é uma bactéria comensal do trato respiratório de bovinos e associada à infecção do trato respiratório desses animais, podendo causar pneumonia, pleurite e septicemia. É considerado o principal agente causador de doenças respiratórias em bovinos. Relata-se um caso de septicemia em um bezerro causado por M. haemolytica. No exame clínico detectou-se taquicardia, taquipneia, respiração abdominal, hipertermia e desidratação. As mucosas oral, nasal e conjuntivais (bilateral) apresentavam-se hiperêmicas, além de um quadro de poliartrite e broncopneumonia. Após cultivo bacteriano do material das articulações e dos pulmões foi possível isolar M. haemolytica. No hemograma foi observado acentuada hiperfibrinogenemia e leucocitose com neutrofilia. No exame necroscópico foram observados poliartrite purulenta. O pulmão apresentou broncopneumonia difusa, além de intensa congestão dos vasos sanguíneos das leptomeninges. Os achados clínicos associados ao exame microbiológico e necroscópico confirmaram o diagnóstico de mannheimiose, sendo este o primeiro relato do envolvimento de M. haemolytica em septicemia em bezerro no Brasil.

Background: pH, subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), and color are fundamental variables to define the organoleptic characteristics of meat. However, multivariate relationships of those traits remain unexplored in bovine meat. Objective: To investigate the multivariate relationships among pH, subcutaneous fat thickness, and color parameters in bovine meat using canonical correlation analysis. Methods: A dataset containing 173 individual records of pH, SFT, and color parameters (a*: intensity of red color, b*: intensity of yellow color, and L*: lightness) from five Brazilian beef cut types (Breed: Nellore; cuts: acém, contrafilé, fraldinha, patinho and picanha) was constructed. Multivariate relationships between color variables (a*, b*, and L*) and chemical variables (pH and SFT) were explored using the CANCORR procedure of SAS. Results: Two canonical correlations between U (a*, b*, and L*; color variables) and V (pH and SFT; chemical variables) variates were significant (p<0.01). First and second canonical correlations were 0.463 and 0.282, respectively. Canonical weights for variates were for U1: a* = 0.707, b* = 0.406, and L* = -0.039; U2: a* = 0.364, b* = -0.898, and L* = 1.234; V1: pH = -0.376 and SFT = 0.935; V2: pH = 0.927 and STF = 0.356. Conclusion: Subcutaneous fat thickness significantly affected intensity of red and yellow colors, whereas pH significantly affected lightness. The results of this study may be useful for a better understanding of the role of muscle metabolism and its implications on the organoleptic characteristics of bovine meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee hulls obtained from dry processing, have the potential to be used in ruminant diets. Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of coffee hulls treated with calcium oxide (CaO) in different environmental conditions (EC). Methods: Coffee hulls were subjected to treatments distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of two levels of CaO (0 and 5%, on a DM basis) and two environmental conditions (aerobiosis and anaerobiosis) in a completely randomized design with four replicates, totaling sixteen experimental units. Five-gram samples were incubated in the rumen of two male cattle for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Results: Regarding dry matter degradation kinetic parameters, except for fraction b, the potential and effective degradability was affected (p<0.05) by a CaO × EC interaction. As for estimated fiber degradation parameters, the potentially degradable fraction b was affected (p<0.05) by CaO and EC. Treatment with CaO increased fraction b in 4.08 percentage points. Conclusions: The use of CaO in the treatment of coffee hulls increases the effective and potential degradability of DM and reduces the undegradable fiber fraction. Anaerobic condition is the best environment for the treatment of coffee hulls with CaO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research described the radiological, clinical and pathological aspects of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a seven-year-old Santa Inês ram. The main clinical features were lameness of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, rigid, cracking and enlarged of the humeroradial, humeroulnar and tibiofemoral joints, cervical spine stiffness, and severe lordosis of the thoracolumbar vertebrae. Dyspnea, nasal discharge and abdominal breathing were also observed. On radiographic examination of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, osteoarthrosis with the formation of osteophyte bridging, intra-articular calcification and periosteum reaction were observed. At necropsy were reported bilateral osteophytosis in the humeroradial, humeroulnar, tibiofemoral and interphalangeal joints, and fusion of the bodies of thoracic vertebrae T5-13 T6 and T12-T13. Microscopically, extensive areas of fibrosis were observed in the lungs and the affected joints were thickened by well demarcated and perpendicular orientated woven and trabecular bone proliferation in the epiphysis. The periosteum was also expanded by fibrous connective tissue that extended into and between the new proliferated bone. Based on these findings, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, which is an unusual condition in sheep, was diagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil ectoparasitário em bovinos leiteiros da microrregião de São João del-Rei - MG, Brasil, bem como suas variações sazonais, a fim de fornecer dados que auxiliem o controle da infestação destes parasitos. Foram examinadas 224 vacas lactantes e 112 bezerros distribuídos em 15 propriedades rurais, através da contagem de todos os ectoparasitos (moscas, carrapatos e bernes) presentes sobre o animal. Nas vacas lactantes a prevalência de ectoparasitos foi de 64,29% para larvas de Dermatobia hominis, 59,38% para carrapatos Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus e 43,30% para Musca domestica. Nos bezerros as prevalências foram de 32,14% para larvas de D. hominis, 29,46% para R. (B.) microplus e 31,25% para M. domestica. A prevalência e abundância de todos os ectoparasitos foram maiores nos adultos do que nos jovens (p < 0,001), provavelmente devido ao tempo de exposição ao parasitismo e ao manejo diferenciado dos bezerros. Somente indivíduos adultos foram considerados nas análises de sazonalidade devido a melhor representatividade e confiabilidade dos dados. As prevalências de D. hominis e M. domestica diferiram significativamente entre as estações seca e chuvosa, sendo que D. hominis apresentou menores percentuais durante a estação seca (p < 0,001) e M. domestica durante a estação chuvosa (p < 0,001). O uso inadequado de antiparasitários pode ter contribuído para os altos valores de prevalência aqui observados. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos epidemiológicos parasitológicos periódicos, a fim de estabelecer estratégias de manejo sanitário que minimizem o grau de infestação e aumente a taxa de produtividade dos bovinos na região.

No Brasil, a agropecuária é apontada como grande emissora de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), sendo os setores da pecuária e o uso do solo os que contribuem significativamente. Neste artigo se comparam as emissões de metano entérico, através do uso de equações do TIER 2, que considera a categoria do animal, o sistema de produção e a dieta, e pela técnica do gás traçador hexafluoreto de enxofre (SF6). Vinte búfalas adultas foram mantidas em baias individuais, onde recebiam dieta controlada, com níveis de adição de 0,00, 0,25, 0,50 e 1,00% de torta de dendê (Elaeis guineensis). As dietas foram semelhantes nas duas metodologias, em energia digestível e metabolizável. Esses dados experimentais foram obtidos no âmbito do Projeto PECUS. Os resultados evidenciaram médias de emissão similares entre as metodologias, exceto no tratamento com 1% de adição da torta de dendê (Tukey, 5%). A medição com o gás traçador SF6 possui sensibilidade para avaliar as emissões, entretanto, envolve custos elevados. O TIER 2 pode ser considerado alternativa de baixo custo para estimar as emissões de metano entérico de ruminantes no Bioma Amazônia.

O uso da silagem pré-secada do capim Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) pode ser uma alternativa de volumoso de qualidade para a alimentação animal. Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento de bezerras da raça Holandesa alimentadas com silagem pré-secada do capim Tifton 85, em substituição à silagem de milho (0, 33, 66 e 100%). Dezesseis animais foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos e permaneceram em sistema de confinamento durante 21 dias. As avaliações comportamentais foram realizadas nos quatro últimos dias do período experimental durante 24 horas, através da rota de coleta instantânea, com intervalo amostral de 10 minutos e rota de amostragem do tipo scan. As frequências de micção, defecação e ingestão de água também foram registradas. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (0, 33, 66 e 100% de substituição da silagem de milho por silagem pré-secada do capim Tifton 85) e quatro repetições (número de animais por tratamento). O tempo de ruminação foi influenciado pelas dietas, sendo os maiores valores (39,76 %) observados para os animais alimentados exclusivamente com silagem de milho. O comportamento dormindo sofreu influência da alimentação variando de 5,81 a 9,28%, para os níveis de 0 e 66% de substituição da silagem de milho por silagem pré-secada do capim Tifton 85, respectivamente. A frequência que os animais beberam água, defecaram e urinaram, não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). A substituição da silagem de milho pela silagem pré-secada do capim Tifton 85, não provocou alterações no comportamento dos animais no período estudado.

Background: Dry matter (DM) loss is high in sugarcane silage due to its high content of soluble carbohydrates which favors yeast growth and ethanol production, thus reducing the nutritional value of the preserved forage. Objective: To determine the effect of adding two types of urea at two concentration levels to sugarcane silage on the nutritional value and fermentative characteristics of the silage. Methods: A completely randomized 2×2+1 factorial design was used, based on two types of urea (conventional and protected), two urea concentration (0.5 and 1.0% of the natural matter), and a control (sugarcane silage with no additives). Six replicates were used. The mixture was placed in PVC silos and opened after 60 days. Results: There was no difference in DM content or effluent losses by the addition of urea. In regards to neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin, decreased levels were observed compared to the control, regardless of urea type. Urea type and concentration had an effect on ammoniacal nitrogen content, with higher values for conventional urea, but not affecting the pH. The addition of urea to sugarcane silage reduced gas losses and raised the levels of crude protein, ether extract, and effective degradability. Conclusion: Adding protected or conventional urea at 1% of natural matter at the time of sugarcane ensiling reduces gas losses and improves nutritional composition of the silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate productive, nutritional and economic traits of dairy cows fed sorghum silage diets with urea levels. Five Holstein × Gir lactating dairy cows in the middle third of lactation, at an average age of 60 months and average body weight of 518 kg ± 52 kg, were allocated to five treatments in a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design. Treatments (U-50, U-75, U-100, U-125 and U-150) consisted of different urea levels in the concentrate (5.7, 8.6, 11.4, 14.3 and 17.1 g urea/kg concentrate, respectively). The significance level of 0.5 was adopted. Urea levels did not influence the feed intake, digestibility, or metabolic parameters of dairy cows. No significant differences were observed for 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield. Milk composition was not significantly affected. Gross revenue from the sale of milk was not significantly affected, averaging BRL 28.65. Marginal rate of return did not differ significantly. The different urea levels did not influence the dairy cows' milk yield. In conclusion, urea can be included in the concentrate of sorghum silage diets for dairy cows at the levels of 5.7 to 17.1 g/kg of concentrate without compromising production performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paralytic ileus is an obstruction of the functional type, in which the intestinal lumen is patent, compromising the passage of the intake in the intestine. The objective of this study was to describe three cases in dairy cows treated in the hospital routine diagnosed with paralytic ileus. In their histories, the owners complained that the animals presented reduced appetite, ruminal tympany, decreased milk yield and elimination of faeces. At the physical examination, some clinical signs were prominent in both, such as apathy, dehydration, reduction of ruminal and intestinal motility, faeces were present in small quantity and with mucus present, abdominal enlargement and the succession produced sloshing sounds. In the analysis of the ruminal fluid, the chloride content in both was high (>30 mEq/L), characterizing an obstructive process. In the face of the findings, a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction was initially suspected. In animals, the adopted approach was to perform an exploratory laparotomy through the right flank, but it was verified that there was no segment with mechanical obstruction that justified the physical and laboratorial alterations found. In view of these results, a clinical diagnosis indicative of paralytic ileus was established. The three animals were submitted to a postsurgical therapeutic protocol consisting of antibiotic therapy, anti-inflammatory, calcium, pro-kinetic and supportive treatment. The animals showed a favourable response to therapeutic treatment, with restoration of gastrointestinal function and other physiological parameters, and was discharged after a clinical evolution ranging from ten to twelve days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Part of the costs of animal production is food, and consequently, several alternatives have been examined for use as co-products, such as passion fruit peel meal (PFP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry matter (DMI), nutrient intake, feeding behavior, and physiological parameters of sheep receiving PFP in their ration. Four mixed breed sheep were with a mean body weight of 38.4 kg and distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square. The experimental diet was formulated with 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis), to contain 16% crude protein (CP) and 70% total digestible nutrients, with the addition of PFM to the feed at 0%, 1.6%, 5.8%, and 8.9% based on DMI. The addition of PFP did not affect (P > 0.05) DMI and nutrients, with an average DMI of 838.51 g d-1, 2.21% of body weight, and 54.59 g kg-0.75. The addition of PFP to the ration did not change the feed intake of DM and nutrients. The PFP did not change the ingestive behavior of sheep during the dawn, morning, and afternoon. However, an increase in the intake time and leisure time was observed during the night. PFP did not influence any of the physiological variables; however, the high temperature during the execution of the experiment caused animal discomfort both in the morning and in the afternoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a anatomia da glândula parótida de cabras da raça Saanen, onde foram utilizadas vinte e seis cabeças de cabras domésticas, de ambos os sexos, onde as glândulas e seus ductos foram dissecados para realização da mensuração e determinação de sua morfologia, assim como o trajeto percorrido pelo ducto. Foram encontrados valores próximos, indicando simetria bilateral da glândula parótidas nestes animais, apresentando sucinto formato de “Y”. Seu ducto parte da extremidade ventral da glândula, seguindo lateralmente ao ângulo da mandíbula contornando o masseter, onde abaixo do músculo zigomático, desemboca na cavidade oral, na papila parotídea.

The objective of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis that compared the chemical composition of corn silage produced for different experimental purposes, i.e., by research groups that studied corn silage (SCS) or by research groups that only used corn silage (UCS) as a form of roughage. We analyzed 203 papers that were published between January 1994 and December 2014 and contained a total of 647 treatments and the analysis of 1701 silos. We found a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the dry matter (DM) content of SCS silage (33.00%) and that of UCS silage (30.64%). The DM contents of neutral detergent fiber for the SCS and UCS silage were high (54.72 and 55.14% DM, respectively) but were not significantly different from one another (P = 0.5936), and the acid detergent fiber content of the UCS silage (31.04% DM) was higher than that of the SCS silage (29.65%, P = 0.0214), which indicated that the UCS silage was less digestible than the SCS silage. This was also corroborated (P = 0.0064) by the mean content of total digestible nutrients (64.18% DM) in the UCS silage, which likely results from the lower level of care taken when using standard silage production methods, compared to that taken by SCS researchers. Therefore, we concluded that the corn silage produced by research groups in Brazil are not analyzed in full and that, as a result, there is a paucity of important information, such as the content of organic acids. In addition, we also found that corn silage produced in Brazil contains a high level of neutral detergent fiber.

Descrevem-se os achados citológicos e histopatológicos do tumor de bainha de nervo periférico (TBNP), da reação vacinal e da inflamação eosinofílica decorrente dapicada de carrapatoem um bovino. Uma vaca sem raça definida (SRD) de seis anos de idade foi apresentada com diferentes lesões cutâneasnodulares localizadas na fossa paralombar esquerda, bilateralmente na cernelha e dispersos no dorso, membros e próximo à cauda, por vezes associado a carrapatos. Realizou-se citologia e biópsia desses nódulos. Na citologia verificou-se neoplasia mesenquimal benigna (fossa paralombar), inflamação granulomatosa e piogranulomatosa (cernelha) e ceratina (dorso). Na histopatologia, confirmou-se que esses nódulos correspondiam, nessa ordem, a tumor de bainha de nervo periférico, granuloma vacinal e dermatite eosinofílica. O diagnóstico do TBNP foi estabelecido com base nos achados histológicos, que caracterizaram-se por uma proliferação bem delimitada de células fusiformes arranjadas em estruturas plexiformes, corados em vermelho pelo Tricômico de Masson, e confirmado por imuno-histoquímica (anticorpo anti-S100). A reação vacinal ocorre frequentemente em bovinos e o exame citológico é suficiente para determinação do processo inflamatório. Dermatite eosinofílica em geral é acompanhada de inflamação perivascular e perianexal e reflete a ação esfoliativa do aparato bucal do parasita.

Objetivou-se avaliar o feno da Andropogon gayanus pela técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, sendo as três idades de corte (56, 84 e 112 dias) as parcelas, os inóculos ruminais os blocos, e os tempos de leitura de produção de gases as sub-parcelas. A degradabilidade da matéria seca foi medida nos tempos de 6,12, 24, 48 e 96 horas. As maiores produções (p>0,05) acumuladas de gases foram obtidas com os fenos colhidos aos 56 e 84 dias com 195,1 e 189,4 mL/g de MS respectivamente. Dentre as três idades avaliadas, recomenda-se o feno colhido aos 56 dias de crescimento.

Background: Rumen microorganisms have developed a series of complex interactions, representing one of the best examples of symbiosis between microorganisms in nature. Conventional taxonomic methods based on culture techniques are being replaced by molecular techniques that are faster and more accurate. Objective: To characterize rumen bacterial diversity of Nellore steers grazing on tropical pastures by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina sequencing. Methods: Three rumen-cannulated Nellore steers were used. The liquid and solid fractions of the rumen contents were processed to extract metagenomic DNA, and the V1 and V2 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using Illumina sequencing. Results: A total of 11,407,000 reads of adequate quality were generated, and 812 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found at the species level. Twenty-seven phyla were identified, and the predominant phyla were Firmicutes (23%), Bacteroidetes (14%), Proteobacteria (10%), Spirochaetes (9%), Fibrobacteres (7%), Tenericutes (5%), and Actinobacteria (2%), which represented 70% of the total phyla identified in the rumen content. Conclusion: Rumen environment in grazing Nellore steers showed high bacterial diversity, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Fibrobacteres as the predominant phyla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Em razão da falta de informações sobre a morfologia do cervo-do-pantanal, objetivou-se apresentar a morfologia das câmaras gástricas desse cervídeo. Macroscopicamente, o estômago do cervo-do-pantanal é formado pelo rúmen, retículo, omaso e abomaso, assemelhando-se aos ruminantes domésticos. Microscopicamente, o rúmen e o abomaso são semelhantes aos animais domésticos, já o retículo e o omaso apresentam características específicas, como acentuada queratinização no ápice das pequenas projeções epiteliais do retículo e pregas omasais revestidas por discretas papilas.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile of ectoparasites infesting dairy cattle and calves from properties located in the micro region of São João del-Rei, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as its seasonal variations, in order to provide information that aids the control of such parasite infestations. A total of 224 dairy cows and 112 calves, belonging to 15 different rural properties, were evaluated by observation and manual palpation for counting parasites (botfly, ticks, and larvae). Dermatobia hominis botfly exhibited a prevalence of 64.29% on dairy cows, whereas the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and the fly Musca domestica showed 59.38% and 43.30% of prevalence, respectively. Among calves, the prevalences of ectoparasites were 32.14% for D. hominis, 29.46% for R. (B.) microplus and 31.15% for M. domestica. Prevalence and abundance of all ectoparasites were higher in adults (p < 0,001). Only adults were used in the seasonal comparisons because data were more representative and trustable. Prevalences of D. hominis and M. domestica were significantly different between the dry and rainy season, being D. hominis exhibiting lower values during the dry season (p < 0.001) and M. domestica during the rainy season (p < 0.001). Suggestively, the seasons influence parasite infestation rates. It is recommended performing periodical and long term studies on parasitology and epidemiology, to establish strategies for sanitary management that minimizes the degree of parasite infestation and improve the productivity in this microregion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mammary gland carcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm that can be classified as solid, papillary, ductal, invasive micropapillary, or invasive ductal. They are rarely diagnosed in livestock animals. Reports describing the breast as primary site of tumor in cows are scarce. In this case report, pathological and clinical findings of primary carcinoma of the mammary gland in a cow are reported. Case: A 7-year-old crossbred pregnant cow exhibited an increase in volume in the posterior region of the udder. Palpation raised suspicion of mastitis. The prefemoral lymph nodes (LNs) were enlarged. After calving, the clinical condition worsened, and edema was observed in the ventral region, from the udder to the neck. Poisoning by Amaranthus sp. was suspected. The cow died fifteen days after calving. Necropsy was performed. The affected mammary gland and its LNs, fragments of abdominal organs, brain, pelvic limbs, and udder skin were routinely prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Gross examination revealed significant alterations in the mammary gland, and in the mammary and prefemoral LNs. The mammary gland was firm and swollen; with loss of normal architecture, and released purulent, pinkish, fetid contents. The mammary LNs were enlarged, with diffuse coalescent multifocal lesions, loss of corticomedullary delimitation, and the content was similar to that observed in the udder. The internal prefemoral LNs were also enlarged and contained the same fetid contents. Histopathology revealed proliferation of neoplastic ducts coated by numerous neoplastic cells; some areas were solid. There was moderate to severe pleomorphism, with moderate anisocytosis and anisokariosis. Most of the cells had vesicular nuclei, with up to two evident nucleoli. Other cells had dense chromatin, and moderately eosinophilic cytoplasm. There was marked cell dissociation, and cell detachment. The central portions of the ducts were necrotic, with a predominantly neutrophilic inflammation. The mitotic index was low, but some areas had up to four mitotic figures per high power field. Numerous areas exhibited multiple foci of deposition of organized granular basophilic material, interpreted as mineralized areas, and stained positively for Von Kossa stain. Some areas of the mammary gland exhibited proliferative acini and ducts, composed of a single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells with moderately eosinophilic, vacuolated cytoplasm, and a basal rounded nucleus of generally aggregated chromatin (mammary hyperplasia). Many acini were dilated, and some contained circumscribed basophilic material (corpora amylacea). The structural architecture of the LNs was altered by malignant neoplastic infiltration, similar to that found in the mammary gland. No metastatic lesions were detected in the other organs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Anti-pan-cytokeratin and antivimentin antibodies were used. Neoplastic cells exhibited strong and uniform cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for pan-cytokeratin. Expression of vimentin was absent in the neoplastic cells, but was present in the connective tissue associated with the neoplasm. Discussion: Invasive ductal mammary carcinoma was confirmed by histopathological and IHC analyses. Edema can be explained by the neoplasm in the mammary gland and in the mammary LNs, with accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, caused by growth of the tumor and compression of large blood and lymphatic vessels. IHC confirmed the epithelial origin of the tumor and demonstrated the presence of epithelial tumor cells in the LNs, proving to be metastatic. Similar findings were reported in a cow with a highly aggressive secretory mammary carcinoma, in which neoplastic cells exhibited immunoreactivity to cytokeratin, indicative of their epithelial origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient intake in goats' milk-fed goats varying in fat concentration (24.2, 34.4, 44.3, 65.6 and 82.1 g.kg-1 MS) to study Its effect on feed performance and feed conversion, during lactation and post-suckling, in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme with 12 replicates per liquid diet initially. The experimental period began on the seventh day of life, with 60 Saanen and Alpina goats confined in individual metabolism cages, receiving 1.5 L / Milk / day divided into two meals at 08:00 and 15:00 until 15 days of life; From day 16 to day 52 of life was offered 2L / Milk in two meals, from day 53 and until day 67 of life the animals began to receive 1L / Milk in the afternoon; And from day 37 to day 195 of life Tifton-85 (Cynodon dactylon) ad libitum grass and 10 g/kg PV of concentrated feed were supplied for each animal. A slaughter reference was made to the seven days of life and four slaughterings during the experiment: 37, 67, 142 and 195 days of life. All statistical procedures were programmed in the SAS (9.0) through PROC NLIN adopting 0.05% probability for the Type I error. There was a difference (P<0.001) in the consumption of dry matter, protein, fat and non-fibrous carbohydrates In the lactation phase. There was an effect (P<0.001) for the deposition of crude fat, crude protein and mineral matter in the animal body during the lactation phase. However, after the substitution by the solid diet, the reduction in this difference is verified in the medium term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este estudo teve por objetivo quantificar a ocorrência de cálculo biliar em bovinos abatidos na microrregião campos da Mantiqueira, além de traçar um perfil dos animais acometidos pela colelitíase. O presente estudo foi realizado no Frigorífico São João Del Rei ltda., no município de São João Del Rei, MG, que recebe animais provenientes dos diversos municípios da região para abate. Foram realizadas as identificações do número de registro, da raça, do sexo, do escore de condição corporal (escala de 1 a 5) e foi estimada a idade dos animais. Foi realizada a verificação de prenhez nas fêmeas. A vesícula biliar foi removida intacta para análise de presença do cálculo biliar. O fígado foi examinado e os dados referentes a problemas hepáticos foram registrados. Os cálculos recuperados foram pesados. Para a análise dos dados, procedeu-se o cálculo da freqüência de casos de colelitíase nos bovinos estudados. Dentre os casos de colelitíase observados, foram calculadas as porcentagens de procedência dos animais, raças, sexo, gestação, faixas de idade e ECC, a fim de traçar um perfil dos animais acometidos. Além disto, foi estudada a existência de correlação entre o cálculo biliar e problemas hepáticos. Foram observados 91 casos de cálculo biliar (9,79%) dentre os 929 bovinos estudados. Os animais mestiços foram os mais acometidos (59/91), seguidos pela raça Holandesa (30/91). Com relação ao sexo, as fêmeas foram as mais acometidas pela colelitíase, totalizando 83 casos. E os animais com idade maior que 120 meses somaram 57,1% dos casos. A maioria dos animais com cálculo biliar apresentou ECC 2 (53/91). A maior parte dos bovinos acompanhados apresentou, como distúrbio hepático, apenas a colelitíase (72/91). O peso médio dos cálculos recuperados foi 2,98 gramas, variando de 0,4 a 23,3 gramas. Foram observados, em associação com o cálculo biliar: Fasciolose (13/91), Hemorragia (3/91), Neoplasia (2/91) e Congestão Hepática (1/91).

The objective of the present study was to assess the chemical and bromatological composition and in situ degradability of elephant grass silages inoculated with Streptococcus bovis isolated from cattle rumen. A complete randomized design was used with four treatments and six replications: elephant grass silage, elephant grass silage inoculated with 106 CFU/g Streptococcus bovis JB1 strains; elephant grass silage inoculated with 106 CFU/g Streptococcus bovis HC5 strains; elephant grass silage inoculated with 106 CFU/g Enterococcus faecium with six replications each. The pH and ammoniacal nitrogen values were lower (P

A descrição anatômica articular evidencia os fatores padrões para as condições biomecânicas que devem ser consideradas na seleção do animal de uma determinada espécie. Dessa forma, objetivou-se descrever a articulação metacarpo-falângica na espécie ovina, em relação a sua arquitetura, considerando o volume, recessos, comunicações e relações no aspecto anatômico macroscópico. Para tanto, foram utilizados dez animais adultos da espécie ovina, raça Santa Inês, machos e fêmeas, escolhidos aleatoriamente. A cápsula articular teve uma dimensão média de 3,05 cm e uma capacidade volumétri-ca média de 3,99 ml; as comunicações ocorreram em um grau médio de expansão do Látex nas faces dorsal (56,7%) e palmar (53,3%); as comunicações proximais nas faces dorsal, palmar e dorso-palmar apareceram em 100,0% dos casos; os recessos estiveram presentes nas extremidades distais. Nesse contexto, conclui-se, que a articulação metacarpo-falângica de ovinos apresenta-se com relações topográficas semelhantes à descrita para os demais ruminantes, possuindo comunicações em sua porção proximal e recessos distalmente.

Resumo:Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação por Metternichia princepsem caprinos no Estado da Bahia. De oito caprinos, três morreram, dos quais dois foram necropsiados; cinco não adoeceram. Os principais sinais clínicos caracterizaram-se por secreção nasal mucosa, emagrecimento, diarreia, apatia, debilidade leve, andar cambaleante, flexão dos membros torácicos e pélvicos, decúbito esterno-abdominal e decúbito lateral, seguidos de morte após aproximadamente dois dias de evolução clínica. Na necropsia foi observado edema pulmonar, hidrotórax, hidropericárdio, ascite, rins pálidos, edema perirrenal e hemorragias no tecido subcutâneo. Microscopicamente nos rins havia acentuada necrose de coagulação do epitélio tubular e túbulos com regeneração do epitélio. No pulmão havia acentuada congestão associada a edema interalveolar e interseptal. Na bioquímica sanguínea observou-se aumento na ureia, creatinina e creatinina fosfoquinase.

Anti-helminths have shown reduced efficiency due to the presence of multi-resistant helminth strains. Essential oils are natural compounds with promising anthelmintic potential. Anethole (10%) and carvone (10%) were microencapsulated in a solid matrix in order to facilitate its administration. Our research was experimental, case-control, longitudinal, with a sample of 34 lambs of the new breed, without previous parasitic infestation. The study sample was divided into two treatments: Control (CTL) = animals received basal feed and treatment Essential oils (OE) = animals received OE at the dose 100 mg / kg PV / day mixed to the feed throughout the period (6 months) and were kept separated by treatment in a collective per. Weight, parasitic infestation (FEC) and complete hemogram w«re evaluated. In the first 3 months, CTL and OE treatments remained free of parasites. During this period, both treatments presented similar weight gain (approximate gain of 1.15 kg every 15 days) and absence of parasitic infestation. From the 4th to the 6th month, the animals were taken to the pasture on intercalary days to acquire natural infestation and, thus, to evaluate the possible preventive and curative action of OE. Both treatments had lower weight gain (approximate gain of 0.5 kg every 15 days) due to infestation, which was similar between treatments: mean final FEC of CTL = 2859 and EO = 3673 (P> 0.05) ; As well as the parameters of the hemogram (P> 0.05). Coprocultures of CTL and OE presented similar results demonstrating infestation by about 90% of Haemonchus spp. About 5% Trichostrongylus spp. We conclude that the administration of microencapsulated OE was not effective for the prevention and treatment of parasitic infestation of sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of waste and by-products of fruit in of sheep supplementation has demonstrated an important alternative sustainable, being capable of minimizing environmental damage while reducing the production cost to the owners. Aspects such as digestibility, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, performance, among others, are being evaluated for inclusion of waste and by-products of fruit on sheep supplementation. Despite its relevance, there are few studies on this subject, suggesting further research in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about the environment, with emphasis on global warming, are growing. In this context, human activities such as burning fossil fuels, generation of urban waste, coupled with agricultural and animal production, are considered the main activities responsible for the emission of gases that cause the increase of the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, such as dioxide carbon (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Brazil, for having the largest commercial cattle herd in the world and for using primarily a tropical forage based diet to feed these animals, has been identified as an considerable producer of CH4. This has caused great concern to the scientific community, due to the fact that CH4 has more detrimental effect than CO2, in relation to the environmental damage it can cause. Thus, there is a need to implement practices focusing a higher efficiency of livestock systems, associated with the nutritional management of animals. Improving dietary practices in animal production systems in the tropics, such as the use of foods containing condensed tannins seems to be an interesting alternative in an attempt to mitigate the emission of CH4 and may also result in environmental benefits as well as economic. Thus, this review aims to examine the main issues of CH4 emissions from ruminant enteric and highlights the role of condensed tannins in the diet of ruminants as methanogenesis inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A morfofisiologia relacionada à absorção de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV) ao longo do trato gastrintestinal de ruminantes não é totalmente caracterizada. Desse modo, os objetivos deste trabalho foram mensurar a extensão da superfície de absorção e determinar o índice mitótico (IM) do abomaso, do ceco e da alça proximal do cólon ascendente (APCA). Dez bovinos mestiços adultos tiveram seu estômago e intestino grosso removidos imediatamente após o abate. A área total da superfície de absorção foi mensurada por meio de digitalização e análise de imagens. Cortes histológicos foram feitos para determinação do IM. A superfície absortiva do abomaso, 0,58m², foi menor (P

Entre os anos de 2007 e 2009 ocorreu uma doença nefrotóxica de evolução subaguda com alta mortandade em caprinos em uma propriedade no município de Itaguaí, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Levantou-se a suspeita de que Metternichia princeps, planta pertencente à família Solanaceae, seria a causa. Através de experimentação em caprinos o quadro clínico-patológico de intoxicação por esta planta e a dose letal foram estabelecidos. Na experimentação foram utilizados 12 caprinos de diferentes raças, de ambos os sexos, jovens a adultos, com pesos acima de 15 kg. Os animais que receberam as doses de 30g/kg em 5 dias, 15g/kg em 3 dias, doses únicas de 10g/kg e de 5g/kg, morreram. Dos três animais que receberam as doses únicas de 2,5g/kg, dois morreram e um não apresentou sinais clínicos e o animal que recebeu a dose única de 1,25g/kg, também não apresentou sinais clínicos. O início dos sinais clínicos após a administração da planta variou entre 7h e 46h45min. A evolução variou entre 3h6min e 126h40min. Os primeiros sinais clínicos apresentados foram inapetência, adipsia, apatia e relutância ao movimento. Em seguida os animais entravam em decúbito esternal e ao serem colocados em estação, mantinham os membros anteriores flexionados, apoiavam apenas os posteriores no chão até evoluírem para flexão dos quatro membros e seguia-se o decúbito lateral. À necropsia destacaram-se o edema de tecido adiposo perirrenal, rins pálidos e, ao corte, com estriação esbranquiçada desde o córtex até a região medular. À histopatologia foi verificada acentuada necrose coagulativa das células epiteliais dos túbulos uriníferos. Comparativamente aos casos naturais, os caprinos intoxicados experimentalmente por M. princeps apresentaram quadro clínico-patológico semelhante. Desta maneira foi comprovado que Metternichia princeps é responsável pela doença nefrotóxica em caprinos no Rio de Janeiro; a menor dose que causou a morte dos caprinos nos experimentos foi 2,5g/kg.

Avaliaram-se o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente, em ovinos, das silagens dos híbridos de sorgo BRS 610, BR 700 e BRS 655 colhidos em três estádios de maturação dos grãos: leitoso, pastoso e farináceo. Os valores de consumo da matéria seca, em gramas por quilograma de unidade de tamanho metabólico (CMS-UTM), variaram de 45,90g/UTM/dia a 59,99g/UTM/dia e não diferiram com o avanço do estádio de maturação para todos os híbridos (P>0,05). No estádio pastoso, o BRS 655 apresentou menor CMS-UTM em relação aos demais híbridos (P0,05). Foi observado menor consumo de proteína digestível para os híbridos com tanino, BR 700 e BRS 655, em relação ao BRS 610 (P

Avaliou-se o efeito do suplemento múltiplo com ionóforos sobre o consumo, a fermentação ruminal e a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca da forragem. Utilizaram-se cinco novilhos Holandês x Zebu fistulados no rúmen, com peso vivo médio de 350kg, em delineamento em quadrado latino. Os tratamentos foram: suplementação múltipla sem ionóforos (CONT); suplementação múltipla com 100mg/cab/dia de monensina (M100); suplementação múltipla com 200mg/cab/dia de monensina (M200); suplementação múltipla com 100mg/cab/dia de lasalocida (L100); e suplementação múltipla com 200mg/cab/dia de lasalocida (L200). O uso de ionóforos no suplemento não influenciou o consumo de forragem, que foi, em média, 7,24kg MS/dia. A presença de ionóforos resultou em ligeiro aumento do pH ruminal em relação à ausência desses aditivos (P