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There is an increasing interest in restoring degraded forests, which occupy half of the forest areas. Among the forms of restoration, passive restoration, which involves the elimination of degrading factors and the free evolution of natural dynamics by applying minimal or no management, is gaining attention. Natural dynamics is difficult to predict due to the influence of multiple interacting factors such as climatic and edaphic conditions, composition and abundance of species, and the successional character of these species. Here, we study the natural dynamics of a mixed forest located in central Spain, which maintained an open forest structure, due to intensive use, until grazing and cutting were banned in the 1960s. The most frequent woody species in this forest are Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, Quercus pyrenaica, Ilex aquifolium, Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus aria and Prunus avium, with contrasting shade and drought tolerance. These species are common in temperate European deciduous forest and are found here near their southern distribution limit, except for Q. pyrenaica. In order to analyze forest dynamics and composition, three inventories were carried out in 1994, 2005 and 2015. Our results show that, despite the Mediterranean influence, the natural dynamics of this forest has been mainly determined by different levels of shade tolerance. After the abandonment of grazing and cutting, Q. pyrenaica expanded rapidly due to its lower shade tolerance, whereas after canopy closure and forest densification, shade-tolerant species gained ground, particularly F. sylvatica, despite its lower drought and late-frost tolerance. If the current dynamics continue, F. sylvatica will overtake the rest of the species, which will be relegated to sites with shallow soils and steep slopes. Simultaneously, all the multi-centennial beech trees, which are undergoing a rapid mortality and decline process, will disappear.

To determine the optimal germination temperature for Pyrus ussuriensis seeds and whether they experienced the phenomenon of thermodormancy and its inciting factors, several germination tests were conducted using non-dormant P. ussuriensis seeds for comparison. The results showed that the highest germination rate of P. ussuriensis seeds was reached at a constant temperature of 5 °C and variable temperature (night/day) of 5 °C/10 °C. Constant temperatures of 25 °C for three days induced thermodormancy, triggering significant drops in seeding emergence. Thermodormancy was related to the inhibitory effect of endogenous substances in the seed coat and an elevated abscisic acid concentration. The embryo, by contrast, remained non-dormant. Thermodormant and non-dormant seed embryos showed higher germination rates than dormant seed embryos when applied exogenous abscisic acid and gibberellic acid. We found that P. ussuriensis seeds showed thermodormancy; thus, during early spring sowing, high temperatures should be avoided to prevent low seed germination capacity. Additionally, applying exogenous gibberellic acid, shading and increasing soil moisture can be helpful to enhance the species seed germination.

Most European forests are used for timber production. Given the limited extent of unmanaged (and especially primary) forests, it is essential to include commercial forests in the conservation of forest biodiversity. In order to develop ecologically sustainable forest management practices, it is important to understand the management impacts on forest-dwelling organisms. Experiments allow testing the effects of alternative management strategies, and monitoring of multiple taxa informs us on the response range across forest-dwelling organisms. To provide a representative picture of the currently available information, metadata on 28 multi-taxa forest management experiments were collected from 14 European countries. We demonstrate the potential of compiling these experiments in a single network to upscale results from the local to continental level and indicate directions for future research. Among the different forest types, temperate deciduous beech and oak-dominated forests are the best represented in the multi-taxa management experiments. Of all the experimental treatments, innovative ways of traditional management techniques (e.g., gap cutting and thinning) and conservation-oriented interventions (e.g., microhabitat enrichment) provide the best opportunity for large-scale analyses. Regarding the organism groups, woody regeneration, herbs, fungi, beetles, bryophytes, birds and lichens offer the largest potential for addressing management–biodiversity relationships at the European level. We identified knowledge gaps regarding boreal, hemiboreal and broadleaved evergreen forests, the treatments of large herbivore exclusion, prescribed burning and forest floor or water manipulations, and the monitoring of soil-dwelling organisms and some vertebrate classes, e.g., amphibians, reptiles and mammals. To improve multi-site comparisons, design of future experiments should be fitted to the set-up of the ongoing projects and standardised biodiversity sampling is suggested. However, the network described here opens the way to learn lessons on the impact on forest biodiversity of different management techniques at the continental level, and thus, supports biodiversity conservation in managed forests.

High temperatures threaten tree survival and regeneration. A few pine species, such as Pinus oocarpa and Pinus canariensis, resprout after complete defoliation, a likely consequence of evolving in volcanic environments. Pinus pinea and Pinus pinaster rely on other mechanisms to survive wildfires. We hypothesized that the needle water potential (Ψ) and needle osmotic potential (Ψs) would decrease more under hot wind in resprouting species, a strategy of needle sacrifice in accordance with the hydraulic segmentation hypothesis. We submitted two-year-old seedlings to a two-phase hot wind treatment, consisting of one hour at 39 °C followed by five minutes at 70 °C. Phase 2 killed all needles. In non-resprouting species, Ψ decreased steeply at the beginning of Phase 1 and remained between −2 MPa and −4 MPa afterward, maintaining the loss of stem hydraulic conductance below the 50% threshold. On average, resprouting species had 15% lower wood densities and kept 51% higher stem water contents than non-resprouting species after Phase 2. The loss of hydraulic conductance did not affect resprouting. The increase in hydraulic conductance toward the base of the stem was lowest in P. canariensis, suggesting a lower degree of conduit tapering in the only species that had not undergone heteroblastic change. We measured the lowest Ψ and highest Ψs in the most xeric P. canariensis and the opposite in the most mesic P. oocarpa, highlighting the roles of xylary and extra-xylary hydraulic resistances in compartmentalizing the needle to preserve the stem. The measurement of both Ψ and Ψs allowed us to characterize the strategies of response to hot wind in resprouting and non-resprouting pine species.

Tree mortality is increasing due to droughts and other climate change-related stressors, but isolating climate signals for tree mortality is challenging. Here, the authors assemble a geo-referenced global database that quantifies how drought and hotter climate drive tree mortality events.

Bamboos provide a number of ecosystem services, including the provision of a permanent carbon (C) sink. The present study was undertaken in the Sheka forest, currently recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop species- and site-specific allometric models for biomass estimation and (2) quantify the carbon storage capacity of highland bamboo stands. A total of 12 plots each measuring 10 m x 10 m were established at a distance of 200 m in the forest. 96 culms were harvested for the development of biomass estimation equations. Litter samples were collected in 1 m x 1 m subplots, while soil samples were collected at 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm soil depths for determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. The estimated mean DBH, basal area and plant height were 7.0 cm, 53.2 m2 ha−1 and 12.9 m, respectively. The study has established allometric scaling of plant height with stem diameter in highland bamboo. It has also established that the allometric model is superior to commonly used non-linear H-DBH models. Aboveground biomass was estimated at 93 Mg ha−1 with mean C stocks of 43.7 Mg ha−1. The estimated below-ground biomass was 18.6 Mg ha−1 with C stocks of 8.7 Mg ha−1. The C stocks in the litter layer were estimated at 1.57 Mg ha−1. Average soil C storage was estimated at 388.12 Mg ha−1 within the 0–60 cm soil depth. In total, the natural highland bamboo stands store approximately 442.1 Mg C ha−1. The estimated C stocks were comparable with values reported for bamboos in Ethiopia and elsewhere. It is concluded that natural highland bamboo stands play a significant role as carbon sinks. The insights gained in this study are expected to be applicable to Afromontane ecosystems where highland bamboo occurs in Africa.

In recent years, the use of wood has gained social interest, leading to a global increase in its demand. Yet, this demand is often covered by the production of woods of low natural durability against biological deterioration. The main biological agents with the potential to attack the structural integrity of wood are wood-decay fungi, saproxylic beetles, termites, and marine molluscs and crustaceans. In most circumstances, fungi are the main wood-deteriorating agents. To attack the cell wall, wood-decay fungi combine a complex enzymatic mechanism with non-enzymatic mechanisms based on low-molecular-weight compounds. In some cases, the larvae of saproxylic beetles can also digest cell wood components, causing serious deterioration to wooden structures. The impact of subterranean termites in Europe is concentrated in the Southern countries, causing important economic losses. However, alien invasive species of voracious subterranean termites are expanding their presence in Europe. Wooden elements in permanent contact with marine water can be readily deteriorated by mollusc and crustacean borers, for which current preservatives lack efficacy. The natural durability of wood is defined as the inherent resistance of wood to catastrophic action by wood-destroying organisms. Besides exposure to the climate, product design and use conditions, the natural durability of wood is key to the prediction of the service life of wooden products, which can be shortened due to the impact of global change. The major wood properties involved in natural durability are related to the composition of lignin in the cell wall, the anatomy of the xylem, nutrient availability, the amount and composition of heartwood extractives, and the presence of moisture-regulating components since wood moisture content influences the establishment of wood-degrading organisms.

The effects of pre-hardening fertilization and autumn fertilization on seedling growth have been studied separately, but studies on their combined effects are relatively scarce. We studied the effects of pre-hardening fertilization type and autumn fertilization level on biomass allocation and root morphology of container-grown seedlings of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.), a valuable evergreen conifer distributed from Changbai Mountain to the Xiaoxing’an Mountains in northeastern China. Three pre-hardening fertilization types (conventional fertilization, exponential fertilization, and controlled-release fertilizer) were all applied with 72 mg of nitrogen. We also applied four nitrogen levels of autumn fertilization: 0 mg/plant, 2 mg/plant, 4 mg/plant, and 6 mg/plant. We found that autumn fertilization increased Korean pine seedling biomass accumulation and root growth by 65.91%–92.15% and 108.86%–141.48%, respectively. There was significant interaction between pre-hardening fertilization type and autumn fertilization level on biomass allocation and root morphology. Seedlings with conventional fertilization during the growing season have the best response to autumn fertilization, particularly in the 2 mg/seedling and 4 mg/seedling treatments. Autumn fertilization can be applied to the cultivation of high-quality Korean pine seedlings.

Highland bamboo (Oldeania alpina formerly Arundinaria alpina or Yushania alpina) is a species of significant conservation value in Afromontane ecosystems across Africa. It also plays a significant role in the livelihoods of local communities. However, global climate change is anticipated to alter its ecological niche, leading to range shifts and possible habitat contractions. This study aimed to identify potentially suitable habitats for highland bamboo in Ethiopia, determine the resilience of the species under climate change, and establish the environmental factors affecting its habitat. Species distribution modeling (SDM) was implemented in the SDM R package using 231 georeferenced presence records together with climate, topographic, and soil data. To assess climate change risks to the species, predictive models were developed assuming climate scenarios for 2061–2080 under two shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs), namely, SSP2-45 and SSP5-85. The results indicated that highland bamboo mainly grows in high elevation areas with altitudes of 2100–3100 m asl with mean annual temperatures of 11.5–19.3 °C, annual precipitation of 873–1962 mm, precipitation of the driest quarter of 36–147 mm, soil pH of 5.6, and soil CEC of 30.7 cmolc/kg. The current potentially suitable habitat for this species in Ethiopia was estimated at 61,831.58 km2, with the majority of habitats being in the southern and southwestern parts of the country. Our models predicted that the suitable habitat will shrink by 13.4% under the SSP5-85 scenario, while potential new suitable areas for this species were identified under the SSP2-45 scenario. Future vulnerable areas were mostly found in central Ethiopia. Based on the predictions, we conclude that most of the suitable habitats for highland bamboo will remain suitable between the years 2061 and 2080.

La investigación sobre el coronavirus ha generado una producción de documentos científicos extraordinaria. Su tratamiento y asimilación por parte de la comunidad científica ha necesitado de la ayuda de sistemas de recuperación de información diseñados específicamente. Algunas de las principales instituciones mundiales dedicadas a la lucha contra la pandemia han desarrollado el conjunto de datos CORD-19 que destaca sobre otros proyectos de similar naturaleza. Los documentos recopilados en esta fuente han sido procesados por distintas herramientas de recuperación de información, a veces prototipos o sistemas que ya estaban implementados. Se ha analizado la tipología y características principales de estos sistemas concluyendo que hay tres grandes categorías no excluyentes entre ellas: búsqueda terminológica, visualización de información y procesamiento de lenguaje natural. Destaca enormemente que la gran mayoría de ellos emplean preferentemente tecnologías de búsqueda semántica con el objeto de facilitar la adquisición de conocimiento s los investigadores y ayudarlas en su ingente tarea. La crisis provocada por la pandemia ha sido aprovechada por los buscadores semánticos para encontrar su sitio.

El uso de normas y estilos de descripción bibliográ- fica estándares a nivel internacional ha dotado a las revistas científicas de un considerable nivel de rigor y uniformidad para el intercambio y manejo de datos bibliográficos entre sistemas distintos, al influir positivamente en la difusión y el impacto de la producción científica. En pleno auge de la publicación en acceso abierto creemos conveniente estudiar estos patrones de comportamiento, concretamente en las revistas editadas en España. El análisis destaca la “herencia editorial” presente en las revistas de acceso abierto que procede de las revistas impresas en la forma de citación y las normas empleadas, en donde el estilo apa es el más utilizado en la muestra objeto de estudio. No obstante, el resultado global no es del todo satisfactorio debido al escaso porcentaje de uso de estas normas internacionales en las revistas españolas de acceso abierto.

“Google scholar se ha convertido en una mina de información científica prodigiosa” es una de las conclusiones a la que llegan los autores de esta monografía. Es por ello que el análisis y conocimiento del motor de búsqueda Google Académico sea algo necesario tanto en el ámbito académico como en el científico, objetivo que se alcanza plenamente con la lectura de esta obra que estamos seguros podrá considerarse en un futuro como un referente básico dentro la materia bibliométrica.

La nueva forma de construir sitios web coloca al usuario en un lugar mucho más protagónico, de manera que puede participar de forma más activa. La Web se entiende ahora como la plataforma sobre la que se desarrollan las aplicaciones y a través de la cual los usuarios interaccionan con ella, porque las necesidades de los usuarios van más allá de la mera consulta de documentos publicados por otros autores, ahora sienten interés en editar ellos mismos sus documentos, bien de forma individual (un blog, por ejemplo) o de forma colectiva (una wiki, por ejemplo). Este nuevo paradigma se conoce con el nombre de web 2.0 e incorpora una serie de ideas y servicios que le otorgan al usuario mayor capacidad de participación, las cuales pueden ser aprovechadas de forma muy interesante por las comunidades educativas, bien de forma personal o bien apoyándose en los recursos que disponen para ello las comunidades autónomas españolas en la Web, donde desarrollan y mantienen portales que comienzan a integrar productos y servicios 2.0, que ofrecen al usuario mayor participación y personalización de su espacio personal. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la presencia y uso de estos productos y servicios en este tipo de portales. Los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que se ha iniciado el proceso de adaptación e implementación hacia los portales educativos 2.0 pero que aún queda mucho camino por recorrer. Asimismo, y como era previsible, se han detectado grandes diferencias entre unos portales y otros en cuanto a su grado de desarrollo.New trends of websites construction put users in a leading role in the site development process. The Web is currently understood as the platform on which applications and services are developed allowing users interact in cyberspace above and beyond traditional query operations. Currently, users wish to edit their own contents, such as a personal blog, or as collective efforts such as a wiki. This new paradigm, known as Web 2.0, incorporates a number of innovative ideas and services that can be exploited by educational communities, either on one's own or through available Web resources of their Spanish autonomous communities which develop and maintain websites featuring Web 2.0 products and services. The goal of this study is to review the use of these products and services in such websites. The results obtained show that the process of adaptation and implementation of Web 2.0 has begun in these educational portals, though there is still a lot of work to be done. Moreover, as might be expected, there are significant asymmetries in the degree of development from portal to portal.

REVISORES 2015

Angélica Gorodischer ha sido vinculada a Virginia Woolf: el espíritu andrógino aparece como el ideal político de ambas escritoras. Esa androginia, hija del feminismo liberal de la igualdad, entiende que mujeres y varones son capaces de los mismos valores y los mismos desarrollos, en tanto se den las mismas condiciones para ambos géneros. No obstante, como Gorodischer ha llegado al feminismo liberal bastante tiempo después que su par inglesa y, además, en otro lugar del mundo, no la ha "heredado" directamente. Aun cuando a partir del examen del estilo y de las características de su discurso, la antiesencialista Gorodischer se exprese en sus obras con una escritura "distinta", femenina, al estilo Cixous o Irigaray, del contenido de su obra se desprende una política de liberalismo deconstructivo en términos de género. Vale decir, su obra es más bien una respuesta al feminismo cultural de la diferencia, por eso apuesta a la deconstrucción del género por la vía de la androginia como forma de oposición crítica a esa corriente que cae en la trampa del patriarcado al esencializar el género (biológica o culturalmente). La escritora argentina es entonces, más que una versión local de Woolf, una expresión de las limitaciones y las contradicciones de las últimas versiones del feminismo burgués, en medio de un país sitiado por el subdesarrollo. Este artículo explora en la obra de Gorodischer esas limitaciones y contradicciones en el marco de la coyuntura política de los '80 y los '90 en Argentina.Angélica Gorodischer has been related to Virginia Woolf: both think that androgynous is the most important political idea for feminism. Androgynous means that, under same social conditions, men and women are able to develop the same values and possibilitys. Nevertheless, Gorodischer doesn´t inherit Woolf directly because she was born almost fifty years later very far from England. Although Gorodischer's writing style adopts a "differentvoice", a feminine style, like Cixous or Irigaray's proposals, her works are, in its meanings and interpretations, related to deconstructive liberalism. So, her writings are a response to cultural feminism of difference, she bets to gender deconstruction by androgynous. She opposes critically to that trend that believes in patriarchy's reason by cultural or biological essentialism. Instead of a local copy of Virginia Woolf, Gorodischer expresses limitations and contradictions of contemporary bourgeois feminism because of subdevelopment. This article means to explore limitations and contradictions related to political situation during '80 and '90 in Argentina.

Aim of the study: Models that combine parentage analysis from molecular data with spatial information of seeds and seedlings provide a framework to describe and identify the factors involved in seed dispersal and recruitment of forest species. In the present study we used a spatially explicit method (the gene shadow model) in order to assess primary and effective dispersal in Pinus canariensis. Area of study: Pinus canariensis is endemic to the Canary Islands (Spain). Sampling sites were a high density forest in southern slopes of Tenerife and a low density stand in South Gran Canaria. Materials and methods: We fitted models based on parentage analysis from seeds and seedlings collected in two sites with contrasting stand density, and then compared the resulting dispersal distributions. Main results: The results showed that: 1) P. canariensis has a remarkable dispersal ability compared to other pine species; 2) there is no discordance between primary and effective dispersals, suggesting limited secondary dispersal by animals and lack of Janzen-Connell effect; and 3) low stand densities enhance the extent of seed dispersal, which was higher in the low density stand. Research highlights: The efficient dispersal mechanism of P. canariensis by wind inferred by the gene shadow model is congruent with indirect measures of gene flow, and has utility in reconstructing past demographic events and in predicting future distribution ranges for the species.

REVISORES 2014

Este trabajo recoge una revisión de los servicios ofertados en los portales periodísticos de la prensa española en relación a la oferta del año 2002 cuando se llevó a cabo un primer y exhaustivo análisis taxonómico. Se aplica la misma metodología de estudio, adaptándose los elementos a observar a la evolución advertida a lo largo de estos últimos seis años, marcada por el incremento de consumo de los contenidos suministrados a través de los servicios consolidados de acceso a la información y de los novedosos servicios sociales de participación. Como resultado se constata la importancia de estos servicios, resultantes de la conocida web 2.0, en la expansión de los contenidos digitales de los portales periodísticos y la rápida adaptación de estos medios de comunicación a las necesidades informativas de sus usuarios.

La innovación educativa va más allá del cambio metodológico y didáctico ya que implica una reflexión ideológica que nunca tiene lugar fuera de un contexto. Esta es la razón que explica la dificultad de aplicar el recurso o los materiales generados en los procesos innovadores de un contexto a otro sin el necesario debate. En este artículo nos proponemos realizar un estudio descriptivo que combine la explotación de la información contenida en los registros de innovación de la Base de Datos REDINED, tratados cuantitativa y cualitativamente. Para presentar el proceso técnico de la investigación hemos realizado una breve descripción del software utilizado: CDS/ISIS, que es un sistema de gestión documental desarrollado por la UNESCO que permite almacenar y recuperar grandes volúmenes de datos, así como la combinación de distintos tipos de búsquedas para las que hemos utilizado el programa WinISIS, que es una versión para Windows de CDS/ISIS en la que está disponible la base de datos REDINED. WinISIS permite realizar búsquedas a través del archivo invertido o búsquedas en texto libre basadas en la lectura secuencial del archivo Maestro, combinando los términos de búsqueda con operadores booleanos. Estas búsquedas nos facilitan obtener las estadísticas porcentuales de los éxitos de las peticiones formuladas a la base.

La progresiva implantación de portales educativos de distinta naturaleza requiere una definición y clasificación para su identificación, así como una enumeración de los elementos más comunes que se ofertan en ellos, para poder establecer un perfil de portal educativo. Para ello, en este trabajo se realiza una revisión de los principales portales educativos institucionales dependientes de las administraciones autonómicas para establecer el nivel de desarrollo que presentan y para conocer las posibles tendencias que se proyectan en su evolución. Además, también se advierte de la importancia de la implantación de algunos servicios de valor añadido para el apoyo y la mejora de las tareas educativas o didácticas, como son los blogs, wikis y webquests

En los estudios de género sobre la literatura argentina del siglo XIX, una escritora ha sido reivindicada recurrentemente: Juana Manuela Gorriti. Considerada exitosa por ser la primera que incursionó en el mercado editorial privado, se la opone a otra figura intelectual de la época, Juana Manso. Novelista, educadora y representante de la política sarmientina en la educación, Manso fue denostada en su momento por los sectores más conservadores de la burguesía. Al revés de Gorriti, en los análisis feministas actuales, Manso aparece como una intelectual fracasada. El objeto de este ensayo es brindar una hipótesis que explique la suerte disímil de ambas escritoras (tanto en el pasado como en el presente) por la vía de observar diferencias entre ambas que no sean superficiales o prejuiciosas, analizando los programas políticos que cada una de ellas representaban.

Internet y su tecnología han transformado los Medios de Comunicación Social, generando nuevos modelos comunicativos entre los que destacan los portales periodísticos como figuras emergentes. Para comprender este fenómeno es conveniente realizar una revisión de la evolución del periodismo electrónico. Los portales periodísticos se están consolidando como nuevos medios de comunicación social y para disponer de una percepción adecuada del estado de la cuestión, es preciso un análisis taxonómico de los componentes de estos portales: productos informativos, productos documentales y servicios de valor añadido. Esta observación permitirá definir el grado de desarrollo en el que se encuentran los portales periodísticos, señalando tanto los aspectos más positivos como las carencias identificadas. Como resultado de la revisión se propone un modelo de referencia para el diseño de los portales periodísticos, con base en una serie de niveles que permitirán el establecimiento de un principio metodológico para futuros proyectos sobre esta cuestión.

Angélica Gorodischer ha sido vinculada a Virginia Woolf: el espíritu andrógino aparece como el ideal político de ambas escritoras. Esa androginia, hija del feminismo liberal de la igualdad, entiende que mujeres y varones son capaces de los mismos valores y los mismos desarrollos, en tanto se den las mismas condiciones para ambos géneros. No obstante, como Gorodischer ha llegado al feminismo liberal bastante tiempo después que su par inglesa y, además, en otro lugar del mundo, no la ha "heredado" directamente. Aun cuando a partir del examen del estilo y de las características de su discurso, la antiesencialista Gorodischer se exprese en sus obras con una escritura "distinta", femenina, al estilo Cixous o Irigaray, del contenido de su obra se desprende una política de liberalismo deconstructivo en términos de género. Vale decir, su obra es más bien una respuesta al feminismo cultural de la diferencia, por eso apuesta a la deconstrucción del género por la vía de la androginia como forma de oposición crítica a esa corriente que cae en la trampa del patriarcado al esencializar el género (biológica o culturalmente). La escritora argentina es entonces, más que una versión local de Woolf, una expresión de las limitaciones y las contradicciones de las últimas versiones del feminismo burgués, en medio de un país sitiado por el subdesarrollo. Este artículo explora en la obra de Gorodischer esas limitaciones y contradicciones en el marco de la coyuntura política de los '80 y los '90 en Argentina.Angélica Gorodischer has been related to Virginia Woolf: both think that androgynous is the most important political idea for feminism. Androgynous means that, under same social conditions, men and women are able to develop the same values and possibilitys. Nevertheless, Gorodischer doesn´t inherit Woolf directly because she was born almost fifty years later very far from England. Although Gorodischer's writing style adopts a "differentvoice", a feminine style, like Cixous or Irigaray's proposals, her works are, in its meanings and interpretations, related to deconstructive liberalism. So, her writings are a response to cultural feminism of difference, she bets to gender deconstruction by androgynous. She opposes critically to that trend that believes in patriarchy's reason by cultural or biological essentialism. Instead of a local copy of Virginia Woolf, Gorodischer expresses limitations and contradictions of contemporary bourgeois feminism because of subdevelopment. This article means to explore limitations and contradictions related to political situation during '80 and '90 in Argentina.