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4. Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients

Author

Qiu, T, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Das, AJ, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Espelta, JM, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Franklin, JF, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Holik, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kurokawa, H, Lageard, J, LaMontagne, JM, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgorski, T, Poulsen, J, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Samonil, P, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Shibata, M, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, Clark, JS, Qiu, T, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Caignard, T, Cailleret, M, Calama, R, Calderon, SD, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Chave, J, Chianucci, F, Courbaud, B, Cutini, A, Das, AJ, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Dormont, L, Espelta, JM, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Franklin, JF, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guignabert, A, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Holik, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kunstler, G, Kurokawa, H, Lageard, J, LaMontagne, JM, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, Marell, A, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Naoe, S, Noguchi, M, Oguro, M, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Podgorski, T, Poulsen, J, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Samonil, P, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Shibata, M, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Zywiec, M, and Clark, JS

Abstract

The benefits of masting (volatile, quasi-synchronous seed production at lagged intervals) include satiation of seed predators, but these benefits come with a cost to mutualist pollen and seed dispersers. If the evolution of masting represents a balance between these benefits and costs, we expect mast avoidance in species that are heavily reliant on mutualist dispersers. These effects play out in the context of variable climate and site fertility among species that vary widely in nutrient demand. Meta-analyses of published data have focused on variation at the population scale, thus omitting periodicity within trees and synchronicity between trees. From raw data on 12 million tree-years worldwide, we quantified three components of masting that have not previously been analysed together: (i) volatility, defined as the frequency-weighted year-to-year variation; (ii) periodicity, representing the lag between high-seed years; and (iii) synchronicity, indicating the tree-to-tree correlation. Results show that mast avoidance (low volatility and low synchronicity) by species dependent on mutualist dispersers explains more variation than any other effect. Nutrient-demanding species have low volatility, and species that are most common on nutrient-rich and warm/wet sites exhibit short periods. The prevalence of masting in cold/dry sites coincides with climatic conditions where dependence on vertebrate dispersers is less common than in the wet tropics. Mutualist dispersers neutralize the benefits of masting for predator satiation, further balancing the effects of climate, site fertility and nutrient demands.

Published
2023

7. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Qiu, T, Andrus, R, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Berretti, R, Berveiller, D, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Bragg, DC, Caignard, T, Calama, R, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Courbet, F, Curt, T, Das, AJ, Daskalakou, E, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Calderon, SD, Dormont, L, Espelta, J, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kabeya, D, Kilner, CL, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kobe, RK, Kunstler, G, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Noguchi, K, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Poulsen, J, Poulton-Kamakura, R, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Schlesinger, WH, Schmidt Van Marle, H, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, B, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, Zimmerman, JK, Qiu, T, Andrus, R, Aravena, MC, Ascoli, D, Bergeron, Y, Berretti, R, Berveiller, D, Bogdziewicz, M, Boivin, T, Bonal, R, Bragg, DC, Caignard, T, Calama, R, Camarero, JJ, Chang-Yang, CH, Cleavitt, NL, Courbaud, B, Courbet, F, Curt, T, Das, AJ, Daskalakou, E, Davi, H, Delpierre, N, Delzon, S, Dietze, M, Calderon, SD, Dormont, L, Espelta, J, Fahey, TJ, Farfan-Rios, W, Gehring, CA, Gilbert, GS, Gratzer, G, Greenberg, CH, Guo, Q, Hacket-Pain, A, Hampe, A, Han, Q, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Hoshizaki, K, Ibanez, I, Johnstone, JF, Journé, V, Kabeya, D, Kilner, CL, Kitzberger, T, Knops, JMH, Kobe, RK, Kunstler, G, Lageard, JGA, LaMontagne, JM, Ledwon, M, Lefevre, F, Leininger, T, Limousin, JM, Lutz, JA, Macias, D, McIntire, EJB, Moore, CM, Moran, E, Motta, R, Myers, JA, Nagel, TA, Noguchi, K, Ourcival, JM, Parmenter, R, Pearse, IS, Perez-Ramos, IM, Piechnik, L, Poulsen, J, Poulton-Kamakura, R, Redmond, MD, Reid, CD, Rodman, KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez, F, Sanguinetti, JD, Scher, CL, Schlesinger, WH, Schmidt Van Marle, H, Seget, B, Sharma, S, Silman, M, Steele, MA, Stephenson, NL, Straub, JN, Sun, IF, Sutton, S, Swenson, JJ, Swift, M, Thomas, PA, Uriarte, M, Vacchiano, G, Veblen, TT, Whipple, AV, Whitham, TG, Wion, AP, Wright, B, Wright, SJ, Zhu, K, and Zimmerman, JK

Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.

Published
2022

12. Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming

Author

Kelly, D. L., De Frenne, P., Rodriguez-Sanchez, F., Schultz, J., Newman, M., Walther, G.-R., Eriksson, O., Naaf, T., Coomes, D. A., Peterken, G., Van Calster, H., Verstraeten, G., Baeten, L., Sonnier, G., Petrik, P., Brunet, J., Heinken, T., Hermy, M., White, P. S., Waller, D. M., Mitchell, F. J. G., Decocq, G. M., Vellend, M., Hedl, R., Jenkins, M. A., Kirby, K. J., Bernhardt-Romermann, M., Dierschke, H., Brown, C. D., Gilliam, F. S., Cornelis, J., and Hommel, P.

Abstract

Around the globe, climate warming is increasing the dominance of warm-adapted species—a process described as “thermophilization.” However, thermophilization often lags behind warming of the climate itself, with some recent studies showing no response at all. Using a unique database of more than 1,400 resurveyed vegetation plots in forests across Europe and North America, we document significant thermophilization of understory vegetation. However, the response to macroclimate warming was attenuated in forests whose canopies have become denser. This microclimatic effect likely reflects cooler forest-floor temperatures via increased shading during the growing season in denser forests. Because standing stocks of trees have increased in many temperate forests in recent decades, microclimate may commonly buffer understory plant responses to macroclimate warming.

Published
2013
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16. Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients.

Author

Qiu T, Aravena MC, Ascoli D, Bergeron Y, Bogdziewicz M, Boivin T, Bonal R, Caignard T, Cailleret M, Calama R, Calderon SD, Camarero JJ, Chang-Yang CH, Chave J, Chianucci F, Courbaud B, Cutini A, Das AJ, Delpierre N, Delzon S, Dietze M, Dormont L, Espelta JM, Fahey TJ, Farfan-Rios W, Franklin JF, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Gratzer G, Greenberg CH, Guignabert A, Guo Q, Hacket-Pain A, Hampe A, Han Q, Holik J, Hoshizaki K, Ibanez I, Johnstone JF, Journé V, Kitzberger T, Knops JMH, Kunstler G, Kurokawa H, Lageard JGA, LaMontagne JM, Lefevre F, Leininger T, Limousin JM, Lutz JA, Macias D, Marell A, McIntire EJB, Moore CM, Moran E, Motta R, Myers JA, Nagel TA, Naoe S, Noguchi M, Oguro M, Parmenter R, Pearse IS, Perez-Ramos IM, Piechnik L, Podgorski T, Poulsen J, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Samonil P, Sanguinetti JD, Scher CL, Seget B, Sharma S, Shibata M, Silman M, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Straub JN, Sutton S, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Thomas PA, Uriarte M, Vacchiano G, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wion AP, Wright SJ, Zhu K, Zimmerman JK, Zywiec M, and Clark JS

Subjects
Fertility, Seeds, Satiation, Trees, Reproduction
Abstract

The benefits of masting (volatile, quasi-synchronous seed production at lagged intervals) include satiation of seed predators, but these benefits come with a cost to mutualist pollen and seed dispersers. If the evolution of masting represents a balance between these benefits and costs, we expect mast avoidance in species that are heavily reliant on mutualist dispersers. These effects play out in the context of variable climate and site fertility among species that vary widely in nutrient demand. Meta-analyses of published data have focused on variation at the population scale, thus omitting periodicity within trees and synchronicity between trees. From raw data on 12 million tree-years worldwide, we quantified three components of masting that have not previously been analysed together: (i) volatility, defined as the frequency-weighted year-to-year variation; (ii) periodicity, representing the lag between high-seed years; and (iii) synchronicity, indicating the tree-to-tree correlation. Results show that mast avoidance (low volatility and low synchronicity) by species dependent on mutualist dispersers explains more variation than any other effect. Nutrient-demanding species have low volatility, and species that are most common on nutrient-rich and warm/wet sites exhibit short periods. The prevalence of masting in cold/dry sites coincides with climatic conditions where dependence on vertebrate dispersers is less common than in the wet tropics. Mutualist dispersers neutralize the benefits of masting for predator satiation, further balancing the effects of climate, site fertility and nutrient demands., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2023
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17. Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients.

Author

Journé V, Andrus R, Aravena MC, Ascoli D, Berretti R, Berveiller D, Bogdziewicz M, Boivin T, Bonal R, Caignard T, Calama R, Camarero JJ, Chang-Yang CH, Courbaud B, Courbet F, Curt T, Das AJ, Daskalakou E, Davi H, Delpierre N, Delzon S, Dietze M, Donoso Calderon S, Dormont L, Maria Espelta J, Fahey TJ, Farfan-Rios W, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Gratzer G, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, Hacket-Pain A, Hampe A, Han Q, Lambers JHR, Hoshizaki K, Ibanez I, Johnstone JF, Kabeya D, Kays R, Kitzberger T, Knops JMH, Kobe RK, Kunstler G, Lageard JGA, LaMontagne JM, Leininger T, Limousin JM, Lutz JA, Macias D, McIntire EJB, Moore CM, Moran E, Motta R, Myers JA, Nagel TA, Noguchi K, Ourcival JM, Parmenter R, Pearse IS, Perez-Ramos IM, Piechnik L, Poulsen J, Poulton-Kamakura R, Qiu T, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Sanguinetti JD, Scher CL, Marle HSV, Seget B, Sharma S, Silman M, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Straub JN, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Thomas PA, Uriarte M, Vacchiano G, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wright B, Wright SJ, Zhu K, Zimmerman JK, Zlotin R, Zywiec M, and Clark JS

Subjects
Biodiversity, Climate, Fertility, Seeds, Forests, Trees
Abstract

Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2022
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18. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery.

Author

Qiu T, Andrus R, Aravena MC, Ascoli D, Bergeron Y, Berretti R, Berveiller D, Bogdziewicz M, Boivin T, Bonal R, Bragg DC, Caignard T, Calama R, Camarero JJ, Chang-Yang CH, Cleavitt NL, Courbaud B, Courbet F, Curt T, Das AJ, Daskalakou E, Davi H, Delpierre N, Delzon S, Dietze M, Calderon SD, Dormont L, Espelta J, Fahey TJ, Farfan-Rios W, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Gratzer G, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, Hacket-Pain A, Hampe A, Han Q, Hille Ris Lambers J, Hoshizaki K, Ibanez I, Johnstone JF, Journé V, Kabeya D, Kilner CL, Kitzberger T, Knops JMH, Kobe RK, Kunstler G, Lageard JGA, LaMontagne JM, Ledwon M, Lefevre F, Leininger T, Limousin JM, Lutz JA, Macias D, McIntire EJB, Moore CM, Moran E, Motta R, Myers JA, Nagel TA, Noguchi K, Ourcival JM, Parmenter R, Pearse IS, Perez-Ramos IM, Piechnik L, Poulsen J, Poulton-Kamakura R, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Sanguinetti JD, Scher CL, Schlesinger WH, Schmidt Van Marle H, Seget B, Sharma S, Silman M, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Straub JN, Sun IF, Sutton S, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Thomas PA, Uriarte M, Vacchiano G, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wion AP, Wright B, Wright SJ, Zhu K, Zimmerman JK, Zlotin R, Zywiec M, and Clark JS

Subjects
Fertility, Reproduction, Trees, Forests, Seeds physiology
Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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19. Identifying Parkinson's disease subtypes with motor and non-motor symptoms via model-based multi-partition clustering.

Author

Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Bielza C, Larrañaga P, Weintraub D, Martinez-Martin P, Rizos A, Schrag A, and Chaudhuri KR

Subjects
Aged, Cluster Analysis, Cohort Studies, Dyskinesias etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease complications, Parkinson Disease physiopathology, Parkinson Disease classification
Abstract

Identification of Parkinson's disease subtypes may help understand underlying disease mechanisms and provide personalized management. Although clustering methods have been previously used for subtyping, they have reported generic subtypes of limited relevance in real life practice because patients do not always fit into a single category. The aim of this study was to identify new subtypes assuming that patients could be grouped differently according to certain sets of related symptoms. To this purpose, a novel model-based multi-partition clustering method was applied on data from an international, multi-center, cross-sectional study of 402 Parkinson's disease patients. Both motor and non-motor symptoms were considered. As a result, eight sets of related symptoms were identified. Each of them provided a different way to group patients: impulse control issues, overall non-motor symptoms, presence of dyskinesias and pyschosis, fatigue, axial symptoms and motor fluctuations, autonomic dysfunction, depression, and excessive sweating. Each of these groups could be seen as a subtype of the disease. Significant differences between subtypes (P< 0.01) were found in sex, age, age of onset, disease duration, Hoehn & Yahr stage, and treatment. Independent confirmation of these results could have implications for the clinical management of Parkinson's disease patients., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2021
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