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14. Glycoprotein acetyls:a novel inflammatory biomarker of early cardiovascular risk in the young

Author

Chiesa, S. T. (Scott T.), Charakida, M. (Marietta), Georgiopoulos, G. (Georgios), Roberts, J. D. (Justin D.), Stafford, S. J. (Simon J.), Park, C. (Chloe), Mykkänen, J. (Juha), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Ala‐Korpela, M. (Mika), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Pietiäinen, M. (Milla), Pussinen, P. (Pirkko), Muthurangu, V. (Vivek), Hughes, A. D. (Alun D.), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Timpson, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Deanfield, J. E. (John E.), Chiesa, S. T. (Scott T.), Charakida, M. (Marietta), Georgiopoulos, G. (Georgios), Roberts, J. D. (Justin D.), Stafford, S. J. (Simon J.), Park, C. (Chloe), Mykkänen, J. (Juha), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Ala‐Korpela, M. (Mika), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Pietiäinen, M. (Milla), Pussinen, P. (Pirkko), Muthurangu, V. (Vivek), Hughes, A. D. (Alun D.), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Timpson, N. J. (Nicholas J.), and Deanfield, J. E. (John E.)

Abstract

Background: Low‐grade inflammation in the young may contribute to the early development of cardiovascular disease. We assessed whether circulating levels of glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) were better able to predict the development of adverse cardiovascular disease risk profiles compared with the more commonly used biomarker high‐sensitivity CRP (C‐reactive protein). Methods: A total of 3306 adolescents and young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (mean age, 15.4±0.3; n=1750) and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (mean age, 32.1±5.0; n=1556) were included. Baseline associations between inflammatory biomarkers, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, and subclinical measures of vascular dysfunction were assessed cross‐sectionally in both cohorts. Prospective risk of developing hypertension and metabolic syndrome during 9‐to‐10‐year follow‐up were also assessed as surrogate markers for future cardiovascular risk. GlycA showed greater within‐subject correlation over 9‐to‐10‐year follow‐up in both cohorts compared with CRP, particularly in the younger adolescent group (r=0.36 versus 0.07). In multivariable analyses, GlycA was found to associate with multiple lifestyle‐related cardiovascular disease risk factors, cardiometabolic risk factor burden, and vascular dysfunction (eg, mean difference in flow‐mediated dilation=−1.2 [−1.8, −0.7]% per z‐score increase). In contrast, CRP levels appeared predominantly driven by body mass index and showed little relationship to any measured cardiovascular risk factors or phenotypes. In both cohorts, only GlycA predicted future risk of both hypertension (risk ratio [RR], ≈1.1 per z‐score increase for both cohorts) and metabolic syndrome (RR, ≈1.2–1.3 per z‐score increase for both cohorts) in 9‐to‐10‐year follow‐up. Conclusions: Low‐grade inflammation captured by the novel biomarker GlycA is associated with adverse cardiovascular risk profiles from as early as adolescence and predicts f

Published
2022

20. Enhancing rare variant interpretation in inherited arrhythmias through quantitative analysis of consortium disease cohorts and population controls

Author

Walsh, R, Lahrouchi, N, Tadros, R, Kyndt, F, Glinge, C, Postema, P, Amin, A, Nannenberg, E, Ware, J, Whiffin, N, Mazzarotto, F, Skoric-Milosavljevic, D, Krijger, C, Arbelo, E, Babuty, D, Barajas-Martinez, H, Beckmann, B, Bezieau, S, Bos, J, Breckpot, J, Campuzano, O, Castelletti, S, Celen, C, Clauss, S, Corveleyn, A, Crotti, L, Dagradi, F, de Asmundis, C, Denjoy, I, Dittmann, S, Ellinor, P, Ortuno, C, Giustetto, C, Gourraud, J, Hazeki, D, Horie, M, Ishikawa, T, Itoh, H, Kaneko, Y, Kanters, J, Kimoto, H, Kotta, M, Krapels, I, Kurabayashi, M, Lazarte, J, Leenhardt, A, Loeys, B, Lundin, C, Makiyama, T, Mansourati, J, Martins, R, Mazzanti, A, Morner, S, Napolitano, C, Ohkubo, K, Papadakis, M, Rudic, B, Molina, M, Sacher, F, Sahin, H, Sarquella-Brugada, G, Sebastiano, R, Sharma, S, Sheppard, M, Shimamoto, K, Shoemaker, M, Stallmeyer, B, Steinfurt, J, Tanaka, Y, Tester, D, Usuda, K, van der Zwaag, P, Van Dooren, S, Van Laer, L, Winbo, A, Winkel, B, Yamagata, K, Zumhagen, S, Volders, P, Lubitz, S, Antzelevitch, C, Platonov, P, Odening, K, Roden, D, Roberts, J, Skinner, J, Tfelt-Hansen, J, van den Berg, M, Olesen, M, Lambiase, P, Borggrefe, M, Hayashi, K, Rydberg, A, Nakajima, T, Yoshinaga, M, Saenen, J, Kaab, S, Brugada, P, Robyns, T, Giachino, D, Ackerman, M, Brugada, R, Brugada, J, Gimeno, J, Hasdemir, C, Guicheney, P, Priori, S, Schulze-Bahr, E, Makita, N, Schwartz, P, Shimizu, W, Aiba, T, Schott, J, Redon, R, Ohno, S, Probst, V, Arnaout, A, Amelot, M, Anselme, F, Billon, O, Defaye, P, Dupuis, J, Jesel, L, Laurent, G, Maury, P, Pasquie, J, Wiart, F, Behr, E, Barc, J, Bezzina, C, Walsh R., Lahrouchi N., Tadros R., Kyndt F., Glinge C., Postema P. G., Amin A. S., Nannenberg E. A., Ware J. S., Whiffin N., Mazzarotto F., Skoric-Milosavljevic D., Krijger C., Arbelo E., Babuty D., Barajas-Martinez H., Beckmann B. M., Bezieau S., Bos J. M., Breckpot J., Campuzano O., Castelletti S., Celen C., Clauss S., Corveleyn A., Crotti L., Dagradi F., de Asmundis C., Denjoy I., Dittmann S., Ellinor P. T., Ortuno C. G., Giustetto C., Gourraud J. -B., Hazeki D., Horie M., Ishikawa T., Itoh H., Kaneko Y., Kanters J. K., Kimoto H., Kotta M. -C., Krapels I. P. C., Kurabayashi M., Lazarte J., Leenhardt A., Loeys B. L., Lundin C., Makiyama T., Mansourati J., Martins R. P., Mazzanti A., Morner S., Napolitano C., Ohkubo K., Papadakis M., Rudic B., Molina M. S., Sacher F., Sahin H., Sarquella-Brugada G., Sebastiano R., Sharma S., Sheppard M. N., Shimamoto K., Shoemaker M. B., Stallmeyer B., Steinfurt J., Tanaka Y., Tester D. J., Usuda K., van der Zwaag P. A., Van Dooren S., Van Laer L., Winbo A., Winkel B. G., Yamagata K., Zumhagen S., Volders P. G. A., Lubitz S. A., Antzelevitch C., Platonov P. G., Odening K. E., Roden D. M., Roberts J. D., Skinner J. R., Tfelt-Hansen J., van den Berg M. P., Olesen M. S., Lambiase P. D., Borggrefe M., Hayashi K., Rydberg A., Nakajima T., Yoshinaga M., Saenen J. B., Kaab S., Brugada P., Robyns T., Giachino D. F., Ackerman M. J., Brugada R., Brugada J., Gimeno J. R., Hasdemir C., Guicheney P., Priori S. G., Schulze-Bahr E., Makita N., Schwartz P. J., Shimizu W., Aiba T., Schott J. -J., Redon R., Ohno S., Probst V., Arnaout A. A., Amelot M., Anselme F., Billon O., Defaye P., Dupuis J. -M., Jesel L., Laurent G., Maury P., Pasquie J. -L., Wiart F., Behr E. R., Barc J., Bezzina C. R., Walsh, R, Lahrouchi, N, Tadros, R, Kyndt, F, Glinge, C, Postema, P, Amin, A, Nannenberg, E, Ware, J, Whiffin, N, Mazzarotto, F, Skoric-Milosavljevic, D, Krijger, C, Arbelo, E, Babuty, D, Barajas-Martinez, H, Beckmann, B, Bezieau, S, Bos, J, Breckpot, J, Campuzano, O, Castelletti, S, Celen, C, Clauss, S, Corveleyn, A, Crotti, L, Dagradi, F, de Asmundis, C, Denjoy, I, Dittmann, S, Ellinor, P, Ortuno, C, Giustetto, C, Gourraud, J, Hazeki, D, Horie, M, Ishikawa, T, Itoh, H, Kaneko, Y, Kanters, J, Kimoto, H, Kotta, M, Krapels, I, Kurabayashi, M, Lazarte, J, Leenhardt, A, Loeys, B, Lundin, C, Makiyama, T, Mansourati, J, Martins, R, Mazzanti, A, Morner, S, Napolitano, C, Ohkubo, K, Papadakis, M, Rudic, B, Molina, M, Sacher, F, Sahin, H, Sarquella-Brugada, G, Sebastiano, R, Sharma, S, Sheppard, M, Shimamoto, K, Shoemaker, M, Stallmeyer, B, Steinfurt, J, Tanaka, Y, Tester, D, Usuda, K, van der Zwaag, P, Van Dooren, S, Van Laer, L, Winbo, A, Winkel, B, Yamagata, K, Zumhagen, S, Volders, P, Lubitz, S, Antzelevitch, C, Platonov, P, Odening, K, Roden, D, Roberts, J, Skinner, J, Tfelt-Hansen, J, van den Berg, M, Olesen, M, Lambiase, P, Borggrefe, M, Hayashi, K, Rydberg, A, Nakajima, T, Yoshinaga, M, Saenen, J, Kaab, S, Brugada, P, Robyns, T, Giachino, D, Ackerman, M, Brugada, R, Brugada, J, Gimeno, J, Hasdemir, C, Guicheney, P, Priori, S, Schulze-Bahr, E, Makita, N, Schwartz, P, Shimizu, W, Aiba, T, Schott, J, Redon, R, Ohno, S, Probst, V, Arnaout, A, Amelot, M, Anselme, F, Billon, O, Defaye, P, Dupuis, J, Jesel, L, Laurent, G, Maury, P, Pasquie, J, Wiart, F, Behr, E, Barc, J, Bezzina, C, Walsh R., Lahrouchi N., Tadros R., Kyndt F., Glinge C., Postema P. G., Amin A. S., Nannenberg E. A., Ware J. S., Whiffin N., Mazzarotto F., Skoric-Milosavljevic D., Krijger C., Arbelo E., Babuty D., Barajas-Martinez H., Beckmann B. M., Bezieau S., Bos J. M., Breckpot J., Campuzano O., Castelletti S., Celen C., Clauss S., Corveleyn A., Crotti L., Dagradi F., de Asmundis C., Denjoy I., Dittmann S., Ellinor P. T., Ortuno C. G., Giustetto C., Gourraud J. -B., Hazeki D., Horie M., Ishikawa T., Itoh H., Kaneko Y., Kanters J. K., Kimoto H., Kotta M. -C., Krapels I. P. C., Kurabayashi M., Lazarte J., Leenhardt A., Loeys B. L., Lundin C., Makiyama T., Mansourati J., Martins R. P., Mazzanti A., Morner S., Napolitano C., Ohkubo K., Papadakis M., Rudic B., Molina M. S., Sacher F., Sahin H., Sarquella-Brugada G., Sebastiano R., Sharma S., Sheppard M. N., Shimamoto K., Shoemaker M. B., Stallmeyer B., Steinfurt J., Tanaka Y., Tester D. J., Usuda K., van der Zwaag P. A., Van Dooren S., Van Laer L., Winbo A., Winkel B. G., Yamagata K., Zumhagen S., Volders P. G. A., Lubitz S. A., Antzelevitch C., Platonov P. G., Odening K. E., Roden D. M., Roberts J. D., Skinner J. R., Tfelt-Hansen J., van den Berg M. P., Olesen M. S., Lambiase P. D., Borggrefe M., Hayashi K., Rydberg A., Nakajima T., Yoshinaga M., Saenen J. B., Kaab S., Brugada P., Robyns T., Giachino D. F., Ackerman M. J., Brugada R., Brugada J., Gimeno J. R., Hasdemir C., Guicheney P., Priori S. G., Schulze-Bahr E., Makita N., Schwartz P. J., Shimizu W., Aiba T., Schott J. -J., Redon R., Ohno S., Probst V., Arnaout A. A., Amelot M., Anselme F., Billon O., Defaye P., Dupuis J. -M., Jesel L., Laurent G., Maury P., Pasquie J. -L., Wiart F., Behr E. R., Barc J., and Bezzina C. R.

Abstract

Purpose: Stringent variant interpretation guidelines can lead to high rates of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) for genetically heterogeneous disease like long QT syndrome (LQTS) and Brugada syndrome (BrS). Quantitative and disease-specific customization of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines can address this false negative rate. Methods: We compared rare variant frequencies from 1847 LQTS (KCNQ1/KCNH2/SCN5A) and 3335 BrS (SCN5A) cases from the International LQTS/BrS Genetics Consortia to population-specific gnomAD data and developed disease-specific criteria for ACMG/AMP evidence classes—rarity (PM2/BS1 rules) and case enrichment of individual (PS4) and domain-specific (PM1) variants. Results: Rare SCN5A variant prevalence differed between European (20.8%) and Japanese (8.9%) BrS patients (p = 5.7 × 10−18) and diagnosis with spontaneous (28.7%) versus induced (15.8%) Brugada type 1 electrocardiogram (ECG) (p = 1.3 × 10−13). Ion channel transmembrane regions and specific N-terminus (KCNH2) and C-terminus (KCNQ1/KCNH2) domains were characterized by high enrichment of case variants and >95% probability of pathogenicity. Applying the customized rules, 17.4% of European BrS and 74.8% of European LQTS cases had (likely) pathogenic variants, compared with estimated diagnostic yields (case excess over gnomAD) of 19.2%/82.1%, reducing VUS prevalence to close to background rare variant frequency. Conclusion: Large case–control data sets enable quantitative implementation of ACMG/AMP guidelines and increased sensitivity for inherited arrhythmia genetic testing.

Published
2021

43. Risk of Gastrointestinal Disease Associated with Exposure to Pathogens in the Sediments of the Lower Passaic River

Author

Donovan, E. P., Staskal, D. F., Unice, K. M., Roberts, J. D., Haws, L. C., Finley, B. L., and Harris, M. A.

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, Bacteria, New Jersey, Ecology, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Giardia, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Public Health Microbiology, Risk Assessment, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rivers, Epidemiological Monitoring, Animals, Humans, Environmental Monitoring, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

High levels of pathogenic microorganisms have been documented previously in waters of the Lower Passaic River in northern New Jersey. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbial contamination of river sediments near combined sewer overflows (CSOs), a known source of pathogens. Concentrations of fecal coliform, total coliform, fecal Streptococcus , fecal Enterococcus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Giardia lamblia , and Cryptosporidium parvum organisms were measured in 16 samples from three mudflat locations along the Lower Passaic River, as well as from an upstream location. Selected samples were also analyzed for antibiotic resistance. All of the samples contained high concentrations of total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal Streptococcus , and fecal Enterococcus organisms. Analysis of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Escherichia coli from several samples indicated that each strain was resistant to at least one antibiotic typically used in clinical settings. Eight of 16 samples contained Giardia , and one sample contained Cryptosporidium . With these sampling data, a quantitative microbial risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the probability of infection or illness resulting from incidental ingestion of contaminated sediments over a 1-year period. Three potential exposure scenarios were considered: visitor, recreator, and homeless person. Single-event risk was first evaluated for the three individual exposure scenarios; overall risk was then determined over a 1-year period using Monte Carlo techniques to characterize uncertainty. For fecal Streptococcus and Enterococcus , annualized risk estimates for gastrointestinal illness ranged from approximately 0.42 to 0.53 for recreators, 0.07 to 0.10 for visitors, and 0.62 to 0.72 for homeless individuals across the three sampling locations. Annualized risk of Giardia infection ranged from 0.14 to 0.64 for recreators, 0.01 to 0.1 for visitors, and 0.30 to 0.87 for homeless individuals, across all locations where detected. Cryptosporidium was detected at one location, and the corresponding annualized risk of infection was 0.32, 0.05, and 0.51 for recreators, visitors, and homeless individuals, respectively. This risk assessment suggests that pathogen-contaminated sediments near areas of CSO discharge in the Lower Passaic River could pose a health risk to individuals coming into contact with sediments in the mudflat areas.

Published
2008
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46. The role of phylogeny and ecology in shaping morphology in 21 genera and 127 species of Australo-Papuan myobatrachid frogs

Author

Vidal-Garcia, Marta, Byrne, P. G., Roberts, J. D., Keogh, J. Scott, Vidal-Garcia, Marta, Byrne, P. G., Roberts, J. D., and Keogh, J. Scott

Abstract

Body shape is predicted to differ among species for functional reasons and in relation to environmental niche and phylogenetic history. We quantified morphological differences in shape and size among 98.5% of the 129 species and all 21 genera of the Austr

Published
2014

47. The role of phylogeny and ecology in shaping morphology in 21 genera and 127 species of Australo-Papuan myobatrachid frogs

Author

Vidal-García, M, Byrne, P G, Roberts, J D, Keogh, J S, Vidal-García, M, Byrne, P G, Roberts, J D, and Keogh, J S

Abstract

Body shape is predicted to differ among species for functional reasons and in relation to environmental niche and phylogenetic history. We quantified morphological differences in shape and size among 98.5% of the 129 species and all 21 genera of the Australo-Papuan endemic myobatrachid frogs to test the hypothesis that habitat type predicts body shape in this radiation. We tested this hypothesis in a phylogenetic context at two taxonomic levels: across the entire radiation and within the four largest genera. Thirty-four external measurements were taken on 623 museum specimens representing 127 species. Data for seven key environmental variables relevant to anurans were assembled for all Australian-distributed species based on species' distributions and 131,306 locality records. The Australo-Papuan myobatrachid radiation showed high diversity in adult body size, ranging from minute (15 mm snout–vent length) to very large species (92 mm), and shape, particularly sin relative limb length. Five main morphological and environmental summary variables displayed strong phylogenetic signal. There was no clear relationship between body size and environmental niche, and this result persisted following phylogenetic correction. For most species, there was a better match between environment/habitat and body shape, but this relationship did not persist following phylogenetic correction. At a broad level, species fell into three broad groups based on environmental niche and body shape: 1) species in wet habitats with relatively long limbs, 2) species in arid environments with relatively short limbs (many of which are forward or backward burrowers) and 3) habitat generalist species with a conservative body shape. However, these patterns were not repeated within the four largest genera − Crinia, Limnodynastes, Pseudophryne and Uperoleia. Each of these genera displayed a highly conservative anuran body shape, yet individual species were distributed across the full spectrum of Australia

Published
2014

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