Search

Relatively little attention has been given to understanding different social and emotional behavior (SEB) profiles among students and their links to important educational outcomes. We applied latent profile analysis to identify SEB profiles among kindergarten students based on five SEBs: cooperative, socially responsible, helpful, anxious, and aggressive-disruptive behavior. In Study 1, we identified SEB profiles among the population of students who attended kindergarten in New South Wales (NSW; Australia's most populous state comprising Australia's largest education jurisdictions), Australia in 2012 (N = 100,776). We also examined whether profile membership was differentially associated with students' socioeducational characteristics (gender, age group, language background, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and learning disability status). Results revealed four different SEB profiles: social-emotional prosocial (SE-Prosocial), SE-Anxious, SE-Aggressive, and SE-Vulnerable groups. Profile membership was associated with the socioeducational characteristics in different ways (e.g., female and older students tended to be in the SE-Prosocial profile). In Study 2, we undertook replication with a different sample of children who attended kindergarten in 2009 in NSW (n = 52,661). We also examined whether the SEB profiles were associated with academic achievement in Grades 3 and 5 using standardized test scores. Results revealed the same four profiles as Study 1 and similarities in how profile membership was associated with the socioeducational characteristics. Moreover, profiles were associated with significantly different levels of achievement in Grades 3 and 5--highest for the SE-Prosocial and lowest for the SE-Vulnerable profiles. Together, the findings have implications for healthy student development and academic intervention.

Objective To describe the use of episiotomy among Vietnamese-born women in Australia, including risk factors for, and pregnancy outcomes associated with, episiotomy. Methods This population-based, retrospective cohort study included data on 598 305 singleton, term (i.e. [greater than or equal to] 37 weeks' gestation) and vertex-presenting vaginal births between 2001 and 2010. Data were obtained from linked, validated, population-level birth and hospitalization data sets. Contingency tables and multivariate analysis were used to compare risk factors and pregnancy outcomes in women who did or did not have an episiotomy. Findings The episiotomy rate in 12 208 Vietnamese-born women was 29.9%, compared with 1.5.1% in Australian-born women. Among Vietnamese-born women, those who had an episiotomy were significantly more likely than those who did not to be primiparous, give birth in a private hospital, have induced labour or undergo instrumental delivery. In these women, having an episiotomy was associated with postpartum haemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 1.26; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.08-1.46) and postnatal hospitalization for more than 4 days (aOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00-1.29). Among multiparous women only, episiotomy was positively associated with a third- or fourth-degree perineal tear (aOR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.31-3.06); in contrast, among primiparous women the association was negative (aOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.37-0.60). Conclusion Episiotomy was performed in far fewer Vietnamese-born women giving birth in Australia than in Viet Nam, where more than 85% undergo the procedure, and was not associated with adverse outcomes. A lower episiotomy rate should be achievable in Viet Nam. Objectif Decrire le recours a l'episiotomie chez les femmes nees au Viet Nam et accouchant en Australie, y compris les facteurs de risque et les repercussions sur la grossesse associees a l'episiotomie. Methodes Cette etude de cohorte retrospective axee surla population a inclus des donnees de 598 305 singletons nes par voie vaginale, a terme (a savoir [greater than or equal to] 37 semaines) et en presentation cephalique entre 2001 et 2010. Ces donnees ont ete obtenues a partir d'informations associees et validees sur les naissances au niveau de la population et les hospitalisations. Des tableaux de contingence et une analyse multicriteres ont ete utilises pour comparer les facteurs de risque et l'aboutissement de la grossesse chez les femmes qui ont ou n'ont pas subi d'episiotomie. Resultats Le taux d'episiotomie chez 12 208 femmes nees au Viet Nam a ete de 29,9%, par rapport a 15,1% chez les femmes nees en Australie. Parmi les femmes nees au Viet Nam, la probabilite d'etre primipares, d'avoir accouche dans un hopital prive, d'avoir induit le travail ou subi un accouchement par instruments etait considerablement superieure chez celles qui avaient subi une episiotomie que chez celles qui n'en avaient pas subi. Chez ces femmes, l'episiotomie a ete associee a une hemorragie du post-partum (odds ratio ajuste, ORa: 1,26; intervalle de confiante IC a 95%: de 1,08 a 1,46) et a une hospitalisation postnatale pendant plus de 4 jours (ORa: 1,14; IC 9.5%: 1,00-1,29). Chez les femmes multipares seulement, l'episiotomie a ete positivement associee a une dechirure perineale du troisieme ou quatrieme degre (ORa: 2,00; IC 95%: 1,31 a 3,06); en revanche, chez les femmes primipares, l'association a ete negative (ORa: 0,47; IC 95%: 0,37 a 0,60). Conclusion Lepisiotomie a ete realisee chez beaucoup moins de femmes nees au Viet Nam et accouchant en Australie que chez celles qui ont accouche au Viet Nam, ou plus de 85% subissent la procedure, et elle n'a pas ete associe a des resultats negatifs. Une baisse du taux d'episiotomie devrait etre possible au Viet Nam. Objetivo Describir el uso de la episiotomia entre mujeres vietnamitas en Australia, incluidos los factores de riesgo y los resultados en el em barazo asociados a esta. Metodos Este estudio de cohortes retrospectivo basado en la poblacion incluyo datos de 598 305 partos vaginales unicos, prematuros (esto es, [mayor que o igual a] 37 semanas de gestacion) y en posicion cefalica entre 2001 y 2010. Los datos se obtuvieron de conjuntos de datos de nacimientos y hospitalizacion asociados y validados a nivel de la poblacion. Se utilizaron tablas de contingencia y analisis multivariados para comparar los factores de riesgo y los resultados de los embarazos entre las mujeres que tuvieron o no una episiotomia. Resultados La tasa de episiotomias entre 12 208 mujeres vietnamitas fue del 29,9%, comparada con el 15,1% de las mujeres australianas. Entre las mujeres vietnamitas, aquellas que se habian sometido a una episiotomia tenian muchas mas probabilidades de ser primiparas, dar a luz en un hospital privado, tener un parto provocado o someterse a un parto instrumental. En estas mujeres, someterse a una episiotomia se asocio con hemorragias postparto (cociente de posibilidades ajustado, CPa: 1,26; intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC: 1,08-1,46) y hospitalizacion postnatal durante mas de 4 dias (CPa: 1,14; 95% IC: 1,00-1,29). La episiotomia se asocio de foima positiva con un desgarro perineal de tercer o cuarto grado solo entre las mujeres multiparas (CPa:) 2,00; 95% IC: 1,31-3,06); mientras que dicha asociacion fue negativa entre las mujeres primiparas (CPa: 0,47; 95% IC: 0,37-0,60). Conclusion La incidencia de la episiotomia en mujeres vietnamitas que dieron a luz en Australia fue mucho menor que en Viet Nam, donde mas del 85% se somete a este procedimiento, y no estuvo asociada a resultados adversos. Deberia ser posible alcanzar una tasa de episiotomia menor en Viet Nam., Introduction Episiotomy, which involves surgical incision to increase the diameter of the vaginal outlet to facilitate a baby's birth, is one of the most common medical procedures experienced by women [...]