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Underlying the thick sediment layer in ocean basins, the flow of seawater through the cracked and porous upper igneous crust supports a previously hidden and largely unexplored active subsurface microbial biome. Subseafloor crustal systems offer an enlarged surface area for microbial habitats and prolonged cell residence times, promoting the evolution of novel microbial lineages in the presence of steep physical and thermochemical gradients. The substantial metabolic potential and dispersal capabilities of microbial communities within these systems underscore their crucial role in biogeochemical cycling. However, the intricate interplay between fluid chemistry, temperature variations, and microbial activity remains poorly understood. These complexities introduce significant challenges in unraveling the factors that regulate microbial distribution and function within these dynamic ecosystems. Using synthesized data from previous studies, this work describes how the ocean crustal biosphere functions as a continuous-flow biogechemical reactor. It simultaneously promotes the breakdown of surface-derived organic carbon and the creation of new, chemosynthetic material, thereby enhancing element recycling and ocean carbon productivity. Insights gained from the qualitative analysis of the extent of biogeochemical microbial activity and diversity across the temperature and chemical gradients that characterize these habitats, as reviewed herein, challenge traditional models of global ocean carbon productivity and provide the development of a new conceptual framework for understanding the quantitative metabolic potential and broad dispersal of the crustal microbial biome.

El monasterio de Santa Clara de la Columna en Belalcázar (Córdoba), constituye uno de los más importantes ejemplos del gótico mudéjar de Andalucía. Su mal estado de conservación obligó a llevar a cabo una importante intervención de restauración y consolidación. Durante el desarrollo de estas obras aparecieron una serie de tablas, inéditas hasta ahora, con pinturas escondidas que han sido sometidas a un importante estudio material, arquitectónico y gráfico. Este artículo, sintetiza el trabajo de investigación pluridisciplinar que ha permitido sacar a la luz y documentar estos grafitis renacentistas así como su contextualización dentro de la lógica artística del monasterio.

Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) has become the ideal tool for professionals studying building conservation and restoration. The BIM model allows one to identify structural deformations following three-dimensionally resolved models. In addition, this methodology is specifically designed to register parametric construction models, as an information manager by adding semantic components to the model, including information on the different transformations of the historical artefact, and allowing continuous progress in the building's life cycle. In this work, graphic information and data related to conservation projects are compiled that allow a management of all the documentation integrated in the same Project, from all the disciplinary fields related to the heritage conservation and rehabilitation process. Specifically, from the geometric identification and the restoration documents, it is intended to develop an experimental application where both terrestrial laser scanning records and the use of image processing routines can allow automatic operations to monitor alterations in façades, in order to subsequent control by conservation experts. For this, a building with certain characteristics has been chosen, such as the Miguel de Mañara palace in the city of Seville. A building that has a main façade of 43.30 metres in length by 6.75 metres in height and, in which its façade rotates in an angled guideline to adapt to the urban planning of the time. The analysis is based on the applicability of two segmentation algorithms and the construction of the multilayer enclosure model where the different stratigraphies of the results obtained are exposed.

Underlying the thick sediment layer in ocean basins, the flow of seawater through the cracked and porous upper igneous crust supports a previously hidden and largely unexplored active subsurface microbial biome. Subseafloor crustal systems offer an enlarged surface area for microbial habitats and prolonged cell residence times, promoting the evolution of novel microbial lineages in the presence of steep physical and thermochemical gradients. The substantial metabolic potential and dispersal capabilities of microbial communities within these systems underscore their crucial role in biogeochemical cycling. However, the intricate interplay between fluid chemistry, temperature variations, and microbial activity remains poorly understood. These complexities introduce significant challenges in unraveling the factors that regulate microbial distribution and function within these dynamic ecosystems. Using synthesized data from previous studies, this work describes how the ocean crustal biosphere functions as a continuous-flow biogechemical reactor. It simultaneously promotes the breakdown of surface-derived organic carbon and the creation of new, chemosynthetic material, thereby enhancing element recycling and ocean carbon productivity. Insights gained from the qualitative analysis of the extent of biogeochemical microbial activity and diversity across the temperature and chemical gradients that characterize these habitats, as reviewed herein, challenge traditional models of global ocean carbon productivity and provide the development of a new conceptual framework for understanding the quantitative metabolic potential and broad dispersal of the crustal microbial biome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article emphasizes the crucial importance of yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii (Patent CECT13190) as a biological control agent (BCA) in eliciting defensive responses in vine plants, and is supported by comprehensive physiological, proteomic, and transcriptomic analyses. The results demonstrate that the BCA M. guilliermondii can induce enhanced defensive responses, as reflected in the regulation of key proteins. Notably, the upregulated expression of calmodulin and pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR-10) are indicative of a complex interplay between calcium signalling, salicylic acid accumulation, and the elicitation of plant defence responses against pathogens. Furthermore, changes in microtubule dynamics and proteins related to protein synthesis and folding are observed, confirming the elicitation of defence responses. The correspondence between proteomic and transcriptomic analyses for genes codifying pathogenesis-related proteins, such as Vcgns1, VviTL1, and Vcchit1b, reinforces the empirical robustness of our findings. Collectively, our research explores the modulation of plant defences by the BCA, opening promising avenues for innovative agricultural strategies that enhance crop resilience and productivity.

Introducción: Las fracturas de cadera se asocian con un importante impacto en la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las variables relacionadas con el desarrollo de complicaciones y la muerte luego de una fractura de cadera. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de los datos provenientes de las primeras 1000 encuestas de fracturas de cadera del Comité de Morbimortalidad de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología. Mediante un análisis bivariado y una regresión multivariada se identificaron las variables independientes relacionadas con la aparición de complicaciones o la muerte. Resultados: Las complicaciones se relacionaron con anemia preoperatoria, demora en el tratamiento, aumento de los días de internación y transfusiones de glóbulos rojos. La muerte se asoció con la anemia preoperatoria, las transfusiones de glóbulos rojos, el total de días de internación, el puntaje de la ASA y la presencia de complicaciones posoperatorias. La anemia y la internación prolongada fueron los factores predictivos independientes de complicaciones identificados, mientras que la anemia y el puntaje de la ASA fueron los factores predictivos de muerte. Conclusiones: Este estudio destaca el valor predictivo de la anemia, un puntaje III y IV de la ASA, y la estancia hospitalaria en relación con la morbimortalidad de pacientes con fractura de cadera. Se deberán destinar esfuerzos para optimizar la condición de estos pacientes y el sistema de salud en pos de disminuir este impacto en la morbimortalidad.

The color of the World Heritage Site is a very delicate and vulnerable component of the architectural heritage. It is linked to its materiality, its application technique, its consistency, which helps to build the identity of the heritage. If it is lost or replaced by other colors with non-original materials, the identity of the leather is lost. We present the restoration of the Cenador del León of the Real Alcázar of Seville in which the architectural intervention was as significant as the garden in the search for chromatic harmony and coatings. The constant goal was to recover the spirit of this historic place. It was a challenge because it is located in the gardens declared a World Heritage Site. This respect, together with the general conservation criteria followed (coatings, paintings, majolica, metal elements, vegetation, etc.) led to an intervention that was respectful of the historical future and an overall vision integrating all the elements of the Cenador and its gardens.

El aumento progresivo y constante de las muertes y la discapacidad por accidentes de tránsito es, en la actualidad, reconocida como un problema epidémico de salud pública nacional y global. La Organización Mundial de la Salud y múltiples organismos trabajan mancomunadamente para consolidar un registro sistemático de los siniestros viales y sus consecuencias en términos de morbimortalidad. Se busca generar información que contribuya a la toma de decisiones en la gestión y la coordinación de estrategias para el abordaje de esta problemática. La Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología, a través de la creación del Comité de Morbimortalidad hace ya una década, ha impulsado la generación de un registro nacional de lesiones traumatológicas. Este segundo informe sobre las encuestas acumuladas desde 2017 hasta julio de 2020 tiene como objetivo general presentar los datos recopilados sobre las lesiones traumatológicas provocadas por accidentes de tránsito. El objetivo específico es promover la incorporación de estas encuestas en nuestros Servicios como un instrumento de registro. Convocamos a renovar el compromiso de todas las instituciones del país, nucleadas en esta Asociación, en la tarea de recopilar datos epidemiológicos que finalmente nos permitan mejorar la validez científica de nuestra práctica y, por ende, de las publicaciones de nuestra especialidad.

Resumen: Los palacios del Real Alcázar de Sevilla, España, son famosos por sus revestimientos cerámicos. En el Palacio Mudéjar, construido en la segunda mitad del siglo xiv, se usó de forma extensiva la técnica de alicatar en todas sus dependencias. Estas cerámicas se han analizado in situ utilizando métodos químicos cuantitativos no invasivos de fluorescencia y difracción de rayos X (XRF y XRD). Además, se tomaron algunas micromuestras para preparar estratigrafías y analizarlas por microscopia óptica y electrónica. En este trabajo se ha caracterizado la composición de estas cerámicas, se describe su técnica de fabricación y la época en que se colocaron en las distintas zonas del palacio.Una gama de 5 colores básicos se encuentra en los azulejos del Palacio Mudéjar: verde, negro, melado, blanco y azul. Fe, Co, Cu, Mn y Sn son los principales elementos químicos responsables del color de la fase vítrea de estas cerámicas. Se han encontrado inclusiones en la fase vítrea de wollastonita, cuarzo, bustamita y feldespatoides. También aparece casiterita y malayaita, las cuales fueron también detectadas por DRX. La pasta cerámica utilizada para la fabricación es cálcica. Las fases presentes en el bizcocho sugieren un calentamiento de unos 900° C. En estas cerámicas se han caracterizado thenardita, yeso, cloruro sódico y compuestos de nitrógeno, sales responsables de la alteración de estas cerámicas.La información obtenida en las 24 zonas estudiadas muestra que no existe homogeneidad en las cerámicas estudiadas debido a las diferentes épocas en que se colocaron los alicatados y a las restauraciones realizadas a lo largo del tiempo. Se encuentran 3 grupos principales de cerámicas: a) probablemente del siglo xiv; b) posteriores al siglo xiv, probablemente siglos xv-xvi, y c) de los siglos xix-xx y las intervenciones de restauración realizadas recientemente. Abstract: The Palaces in the Alcázar of Seville, Spain, are famous for their ceramic decoration. The technique of tessellation was used extensively in all rooms in the Mudéjar Palace, dated in the fourteenth century. These glazed ceramics have been analysed in situ using non-invasive quantitative chemical methods of X-ray fluorescence and diffraction (XRF and XRD). Micro-samples were taken to prepare cross-sections and analysed by optical and electronic microscopy. The composition of these ceramics, their manufacturing technique and the time of application in the different areas of the Palace have been characterized in this work. Five colours have been found in the glazed ceramics: green, black, molasses, white and blue. Fe, Co, Cu, Mn and Sn are the main chemical elements responsible for the colour of the glass phase of these ceramics. Wollastonite, quartz, bustamite and feldspars inclusions have been found in the glass phase. Casiterite and Malayaite have been also characterized by XRD. The ceramic paste used for manufacturing was calcic and was heated at about 900 °C. Thenardite, gypsum, sodium chloride and nitrogen compounds have been characterized in the ceramic and are responsible for their alteration. The information obtained in the 24 zones studied shows that there is no homogeneity in the ceramics due to the different times in which the tiles were placed and the restorations carried out over time. There are 3 main groups of ceramics: a) probably from 14th century, b), probably from 15-16th centuries and c) from 19-20th centuries and recent restorations.

A taxonomic study of the Paleocene larger foraminifera from the Pyrenean basin has led to the description of sixty taxa including two new species: Alveolina korresensis and Valvulineria bacetai. In this work, we present a chronostratigraphic recalibration of the Paleocene Shallow Benthic Zones SBZ 1 to SBZ 4 based on correlation with calcareous nannofossil and planktic foraminifera biozones, all integrated within the stratigraphic framework of Paleocene platform to basin depositional sequences established for the whole Pyrenean domain. The samples were collected in autochtonous and parautochtonous deposits from ten key stratigraphic sections, representative of coastal to platform margin depositional settings. The results from two sections representing base of slope facies with intercalations of calcareous turbidites, which include penecontemporaneous platform-derived biota have been integrated in the study. The regional chronostratigraphic framework is derived from magneto-biochronological studies carried out in the Zumaia section, the global reference section for the Danian-Selandian and Selandian-Thanetian GSSPs. A new calibration of the Paleocene SBZs is proposed. The SBZ 1 is constrained to the first 1.09m.y. of the Paleocene; this first Paleogene biozone lacks distinct larger foraminiferal markers and thus is defined by an association of non-exclusive taxa composed of Valvulineria patalaensis, Stomatorbina? binkhorsti, Planorbulina? antiqua and Bangiana hanseni. The SBZ 2 now appears as the biozone encompassing most of the Danian stage (from ca. 64.9m.a. to 61.6m.a.), and is characterized by the association of Haymanella elongata, Haymanella paleocenica, Kayseriella decastroi, Rotospirella conica, Pyrenerotalia depressa, Elazigin dienii, Ornatononion moorkensii and Paralockhartia eos. The SBZ 2-SBZ 3 boundary coincides with the base of the Selandian stage (ca. 61.6m.a.). The SBZ 3 biozone is defined by the occurrence of Glomalveolina primaeva, Periloculina slovenica, Vania anatolica, Coskinon rajkae, Fallotella alavensis, Cribrobulimina carniolica, Miscellanea yvettae, Miscellanea juliettae, Miscellanites primitivus, Miscellanites minutus, Ranikothalia soldadensis, “Operculina” heberti and Discocyclina seunesi. The SBZ 3-SBZ 4 boundary is now ascribed to ca. 57.2m.a. The SBZ 4 biozone appears characterized by Glomalveolina levis, Alveolina korresensis, Hottingerina lukasi, Daviesina garumnensis, Assilina yvettae, Assilina azilensis and Nummulites catari. The SBZ 4-SBZ 5 boundary is placed at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary event (ca. 56.0m.a.).

Background:. The purposes of the present study were (1) to characterize open tibial fractures and their treatment in trauma centers located across different regions of Argentina and (2) to evaluate the rates of and indications for reoperation after the surgical treatment of such fractures. Methods:. This retrospective multicenter study evaluated open tibial fractures in Argentina that were operatively treated by experienced orthopaedic trauma surgeon-members of the Argentine Association of Orthopedic Trauma (AATO) between January 2015 and June 2020. Data were collected from 13 hospital databases; 8 hospitals were designated as “interior,” and 5 hospitals were designated as “exterior.” The study included 701 skeletally mature patients, all of whom had a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Information was collected on patient demographics, injury pattern and mechanism, fracture classification, treatment modality, reoperation rates, time between definitive fixation and reoperation, and indications for reoperation. Results:. Seventy-six percent of presenting injuries were the result of a high-energy mechanism. Intramedullary nailing represented the most common type of fixation (88%). One hundred and fifty patients (21%) required reoperation. Delayed union/nonunion was the most common indication for reoperation in patients who had been previously treated with intramedullary nail fixation (31%; 39 of 126), and infection was the most common indication for reoperation in patients who had been treated with plate fixation (43%; 3 of 7). The time between the injury and definitive fixation was significantly different between the interior and exterior trauma centers (13.8 versus 4.7 days; p < 0.001), as was the time between definitive fixation and reoperation (69.3 versus 25.2 days; p = 0.004). The reoperation rates for the interior and exterior trauma centers were similar (20% versus 24%; p = 0.2). Infection, delayed union/nonunion, and implant removal were the most common indications for reoperation across groups. Conclusions:. An improved understanding of the factors that influence treatment may help to guide future areas for improvement, establish educational goals, and create additional nationwide guidelines for open tibial fracture treatment. Level of Evidence:. Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Although fluids within the upper oceanic basaltic crust harbor a substantial fraction of the total prokaryotic cells on Earth, the energy needs of this microbial population are unknown. In this study, a nanocalorimeter (sensitivity down to 1.2 nW ml(-1)) was used to measure the enthalpy of microbially catalyzed reactions as a function of temperature in samples from two distinct crustal fluid aquifers. Microorganisms in unamended, warm (63°C) and geochemically altered anoxic fluids taken from 292 meters sub-basement (msb) near the Juan de Fuca Ridge produced 267.3 mJ of heat over the course of 97 h during a step-wise isothermal scan from 35.5 to 85.0°C. Most of this heat signal likely stems from the germination of thermophilic endospores (6.66 × 10(4) cells ml(-1) FLUID) and their subsequent metabolic activity at temperatures greater than 50°C. The average cellular energy consumption (5.68 pW cell(-1)) reveals the high metabolic potential of a dormant community transported by fluids circulating through the ocean crust. By contrast, samples taken from 293 msb from cooler (3.8°C), relatively unaltered oxic fluids, produced 12.8 mJ of heat over the course of 14 h as temperature ramped from 34.8 to 43.0°C. Corresponding cell-specific energy turnover rates (0.18 pW cell(-1)) were converted to oxygen uptake rates of 24.5 nmol O2 ml(-1) FLUID d(-1), validating previous model predictions of microbial activity in this environment. Given that the investigated fluids are characteristic of expansive areas of the upper oceanic crust, the measured metabolic heat rates can be used to constrain boundaries of habitability and microbial activity in the oceanic crust.

La Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología a través del Comité de Morbi-Mortalidad confeccionó una encuesta sobre fracturas de cadera, con el fin de caracterizar este cuadro en nuestro país. Al completarse las primeras 1000 encuestas se elaboró este informe descriptivo. Se estima que, en la Argentina, la prevalencia de fracturas de cadera es de aproximadamente 264/100.000 habitantes. Estas lesiones resultaron más frecuentes en mujeres que en hombres (relación 2,7:1). El 80% de los pacientes tenía >70 años y múltiples comorbilidades (hipertensión arterial, diabetes, anemia y osteoporosis, entre las más frecuentes). El 60% deambulaba solo dentro del domicilio. La incidencia de fracturas intertrocantéricas y mediales fue similar: 53% y 47%, respectivamente. La tasa de complicaciones posoperatorias fue de aproximadamente el 13%, y la infección fue la complicación más frecuente. La tasa de mortalidad en los primeros meses posteriores a la cirugía osciló entre el 3,8% y el 4,85%. Palabras clave: Fractura de cadera; morbilidad; mortalidad; prevalencia; epidemiología. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

A taxonomic study of the larger foraminifera found in Paleocene rocks from the Pyrenean basin has led to the description of sixty taxa including two new species: Alveolina korresensis and Valvulineria bacetai. In this work, we present a chronostratigraphic recalibration of the Paleocene Shallow Benthic Zones (SBZ 1 to SBZ 4) based on correlation with calcareous nannofossil and planktic foraminifera biozones, all integrated within the stratigraphic framework of Paleocene platform to basin depositional sequences established for the whole Pyrenean domain. The samples were collected in autochtonous and parautochtonous deposits from ten key shallow platform stratigraphic sections, representative from coastal to platform margin depositional settings. The results from two base of slope sections with numerous intercalations of calcareous turbidites with penecontemporaneous platform-derived biota have been integrated in the study. The regional chronostratigraphic framework is derived from magneto-biochronological studies carried out in the Zumaia section, global reference section for the Danian-Selandian and Selandian-Thanertian GSSPs. The new calibration of the Paleocene SBZs is summarized as follows. The SBZ 1 is constrained to the first 1.09 m.y. of the Paleocene; this first Paleogene biozone lacks distinct larger foraminifera biomarkers and thus is defined by an association of non-exclusive taxa composed of Valvulineria patalaensis, Stomatorbina? binkhorsti, P.? antiqua and Bangiana hanseni. The SBZ 2 now appears as the biozone encompassing most of the Danian stage (from ca. 64.91 m.y. to 61.6 m.y.), and is characterized by the association of Haymanella elongata, Haymanella paleocenica, Kayseriella decastroi, Rotospirella conica, Pyrenerotalia depressa, Elazigina dienii and Paralockhartia eos. The SBZ 2-SBZ 3 boundary coincides with the base of the Selandian stage (ca. 61.6 m.y.). The SBZ 3 biozone is defined by Glomalveolina primaeva, Periloculina slovenica, Vania anatolica, Coskinon rajkae, Fallotella alavensis, Cribrobulimina carniolica, Miscellanea yvettae, Miscellanea juliettae, Miscellanites primitivus, Miscellanites minutus, Ranikothalia soldadensis, Nummulites heberti and Discocyclina seunesi. The SBZ 3-SBZ 4 boundary is now ascribed to ca. 57.2 m.y. The SBZ 4 biozone appears characterized by Glomalveolina levis, Alveolina korresensis, Hottingerina lukasi, Daviesina garumnensis, Assilina yvettae, Assilina azilensis and Nummulites catari. The SBZ 4-SBZ 5 boundary is placed at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary event (ca. 56.0 m.y.).

El principal sistema de abastecimiento de agua del Real Alcázar de Sevilla fue un acueducto construido en 1172. Este artículo documenta el descubrimiento del arca de distribución en el final del acueducto. En el siglo XVII, esta arca constituía un sistema de compuertas que permitía el control y el reparto del agua en el palacio, jardines y huertas. Ante la falta de referencias históricas, partiendo de los antecedentes arqueológicos, del estudio topográfico y de las cotas hidráulicas, se ha descartado la hipótesis tradicional de su ubicación en el interior de la Torre del Agua. Los restos del acueducto han permitido descubrir la construcción y confirmar su localización exacta. Se analiza su funcionamiento y se lanza una hipótesis sobre sus posibles remodelaciones. El estudio gráfico realizado aporta el conocimiento necesario para la conservación de esta infraestructura hidráulica, facilitando su interpretación y puesta en valor.

En la biblioteca del Ministerio de Defensa se conserva un ejemplar de un mapa manuscrito titulado “Croquis geológico de Montes de Sierra Bullones a escala 1:20.000”, firmado por los ingenieros de montes Máximo Laguna y Luis Satorras, en 1861 y que había permanecido hasta ahora inédito para la historiografía geológica. Los autores fueron dos ingenieros de montes españoles que se habían desplazado a Ceuta en Julio de 1860 para reconocer el territorio recién anexionado a España tras la Guerra de África (1859-1860). Los resultados fueron presentados en una memoria y también se levantaron un mapa geológico y uno de rodales. Años después, en 1877, la memoria fue publicada, sin incluir el mapa geológico. En el mapa se diferencian cuatro unidades litológicas distintas y en ella se traza, con notable acierto, los principales rasgos geológicos del territorio. Este trabajo pretende dar a conocer a la comunidad científica esta cartografía geológica inédita, que se adelanta en 56 años a la de Dupuy de Lôme y Milans del Bosch de 1917, que hasta ahora se consideraba la primera cartografía geológica de Ceuta.

This paper presents a sequentially restored cross-section of the Organyà and Montsec minibasins based on geological mapping, new field observations and available borehole data. The main objective was to describe the geometry and evolution of both basins in terms of salt tectonics and minibasin mobility. To this end, a comprehensive palaeomagnetic database has been used to constrain vertical-axis rotations potentially related to minibasin translation and pivoting. The Organyà minibasin constitutes an asymmetric depocentre formed during the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous by translation above a southerly inclined salt layer. Salt evacuation and minibasin touchdown induced salt accumulation on the northern side of the basin that culminated in the development of the major Santa Fe unconformity during the late Albian--early Cenomanian. Indicative of salt quiescence is the following isopachous Cenomanian to lower Santonian sequence Salt tectonics resumed during the late Santonian--Palaeocene, with the Montsec minibasin downbuilding coinciding with the onset of Pyrenean convergence. Changes of the base-salt topography reflects regional-scale geodynamic processes. The acceleration of crustal thinning in the North Pyrenean zone during the late Albian-early Cenomanian favoured uplift in the Axial Zone, increasing slope and triggering salt mobilization in the Southern Pyrenees. Likewise, the onset of contraction renewed the downslope gliding of the Organyà and Montsec minbasins, and supports the idea that the early stages of basin inversion were governed by gravity tectonics. The kinematic reconstruction suggests that the more that 30° counterclockwise vertical axis rotation records pivoting during the suprasalt translation of the Organyà minibasin rather than solely the Iberian microplate rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]