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The 15th century cross-vaults of the medieval Modena Cathedral (UNESCO site) consist of intricate patches of different masonry portions bound by three types of lime mortars and at least two types of gypsum mortars. Such anomalous structure suggests multiple repair works over time after damaging earthquakes. The absolute dating of lime mortars (14C) and bricks (TL) integrated with the pollen record of mortars allowed to clarify the construction and restoration history of the vaults and to link the repairs to the earthquake chronology for the area. The results reveal that the original construction of the vaults (1404–1454) was carried out using lime mortar binding reused Roman and medieval older bricks. Lime mortar was used also for later repairs caused by earthquakes in the 16th and 17th centuries. Gypsum mortars were then used to entirely rebuild some vaults and to repair others in the 18th and 19th centuries. The study indicates that unexpected damage could be revealed by the detailed chronology of masonry binders. These data represent fundamental steps to implement earthquake risk assessments and strengthening projects of ancient buildings.

The AxBioTick Study: Borrelia Species and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Ticks, and Clinical Responses in Tick-Bitten Individuals on the Aland Islands, Finlandby Nellie Carlströmer Berthén 1,2,*,† , Eszter Tompa 3,† , Susanne Olausson 1,2, Clara Nyberg 1, Dag Nyman 1,2, Malin Ringbom 1,4, Linda Perander 1,4, Joel Svärd 3, Per-Eric Lindgren 3,5, Pia Forsberg 3, Peter Wilhelmsson 3,5,‡, Johanna Sjöwall 3,6,‡ and Marika Nordberg 1,4,‡ 1Borrelia Research Group of the Aland Islands, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland2Bimelix AB, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland3Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden4The Aland Islands Healthcare Services, 22100 Mariehamn, The Aland Islands, Finland5Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, 551 85 Jonkoping, Sweden6Department of Infectious Diseases, Vrinnevi Hospital, 603 79 Norrkoping, Sweden*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.†These authors contributed equally to the study.‡These authors contributed equally to the study.Microorganisms 2023, 11(5), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051100Received: 30 March 2023 / Revised: 17 April 2023 / Accepted: 19 April 2023 / Published: 22 April 2023(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens) Download Browse Figures Versions NotesArticle Views585 AbstractThe AxBioTick study was initiated to investigate the prevalence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens and their impact on antibody and clinical responses in tick-bitten individuals on the Aland Islands. This geographical area is hyperendemic for both Lyme borreliosis (LB) and Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Blood samples and ticks were collected from 100 tick-bitten volunteers. A total of 425 ticks was collected, all determined to Ixodes ricinus using molecular tools. Of them 20% contained Borrelia species, of which B. garinii and B. afzelii w, Funding agencies: The Wilhelm and Else Stockmann foundation, The foundation for medical research of the Åland cultural foundation, The Jubilee foundation from the provincial government of the Aland Island (Borrelia Research Group of the Aland Islands), Region Östergötland (ALF Grant, RÖ968220) (J.S. (Johanna Sjöwall)), the Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS, 931010) (P.W.), the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Region Jönköping County, and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund and the Interreg North Sea Region Program 2014–2020 as part of the NorthTick project (reference number J-No.: 38-2-7-19) (P.-E.L.).

Introduction. This thesis intends to examine and problematize a phenomenon that, until now, has not been the subject of research: the use of temporary employment agencies in Swedish public libraries. The aim of the study is to investigate how the motives for using temporary employed library staff can be understood in relation to two potentially conflicting institutional logics: the market-liberal oriented New Public Management (NPM) logic and the professional library logic. Furthermore, the study aims to examine how these two logics are used as a means of obtaining legitimacy. Theory & Method. The theoretical underpinnings of the study are new institutional theory, and the research method is document analysis. The study’s empirical material consists of public documents, which have been processed through a qualitative thematic content analysis. By focusing on one specific organization - The City of Stockholm public libraries (Stockholms stadsbibliotek) - the investigation is carried out as a case-study. Results & Analysis. Six main themes have been identified: resource efficiency, flexibility, open libraries, competence, stability and administration. All themes contain expressions of both institutional logics. Legitimacy is obtained partly through the NPM logic and in relation to cost efficiency, partly in relation to the professional and democratic principles of the library logic. Thus, both logics are applied to justify the use of temporary employment agencies. Conclusion. The studied documents contain a relatively stable dynamic between the NPM logic and the library logic. Contrary to what some new institutional theorists have argued, the study’s results indicate that multiple logics may be able to coexist within an organizational field. The explanation for the coexistence of these logics might be that they share certain aspirations and perceptions, for example the perception of the library users and administrative work. This is a two years master’s thes

Introduktion: Handboll är en populär lagsport som innehåller kroppskontakt, hopp och sprints. Det är dock även en skadedrabbad sport, där bla huvudskador är vanligt. Huvudskador, eller sport related concussion (SRC), är en allvarlig skada som kan leda till komplikationer senare i livet. Tidigare forskning, gällande risken av att drabbas av SRC, har visat skillnader mellan kön samt positioner. Inom svensk handboll är de flesta SRC studier utförda på högsta eliten. Syftet med denna studie var därför att kartlägga förekomsten av SRC, eventuella skillnader mellan positioner, kön, samt symtom och metod för återgång till träning bland division 1 spelare och NIU/RIG-elever. Metod: En online enkät med 22 frågor uppdelat i tre delar skapades. Frågorna validerades genom face-validity samt en pilotstudie. Enkäten skickades sedan ut till alla division 1 klubbar och NIU/RIG-gymnasier, där tränarna/lärarna själva fick distribuera enkäten till sina elever/spelare. Resultat: Förekomsten av SRC av de som svarade i division 1 och NIU/RIG var 34,9%. Resultatet visade att gruppen målvakter rapporterade flest SRC av alla positioner. Kvinnliga spelare rapporterade signifikant fler antal SRC jämfört med herrspelare (58 vs 30, p=0,018) samt även fler olika symtom efter skada jämfört med herrspelarna. Vanligaste strategin för återgång till idrott oavsett kön och position var hjärntrappan. Konklusion: Sammanfattningsvis visade vår data att förekomsten av SRC bland handbollsspelare på div 1 och NIU/RIG är något lägre än tidigare studier på elitspelare. Resultatet att damspelarna rapporterade fler antal SRC, samt fler och mer varierade symtom än herrspelarna stämmer överens med flera tidigare studier. Den vanligaste vägen tillbaka till handbollen var via hjärntrappan. Vår undersökning bidrar till att öka kunskapen om SRC:s inom handbollen och förhoppningsvis kan den bidra till att förebygga denna typ av skada i framtiden., Introduction: Handball is a popular sport that contains a lot of body contact, jumps and sprints. It is also an injury-prone sport, where head injuries are common. Head injuries, or sport related concussion (SRC), is a serious injury that may cause complications later in life. Previous research on the risk of SRC have shown differences between gender and within player position. In Swedish handball, available studies on SRC:s include mostly the highest elite. Thus, we aimed to study the prevalence of SRC, differences between positions, gender, symptoms and method of return to training among Division 1 players and NIU/RIG-students. Method: An online survey with 22 questions divided into three parts was created. The questions were validated through face validity and a pilot study. The survey was then distributed to all division 1 clubs and NIU/RIG high schools, where coaches/teachers were responsible for distributing the survey to their students. Results: The SRC prevalence among the Division 1 and NIU/RIG-student respondents, was 34.9%. Goalkeepers reported the highest incidence of SRC of all positions. Female players reported a significantly higher number of SRC compared to males (58 vs. 30, p=0.018). Furthermore, females reported a more diverse range of post-injury symptoms. The most frequently used return-to-play strategy was the brain-ladder, regardless of gender or position. Conclusion: Our data revealed that the prevalence of SRC among division 1 and NIU/RIG handball players is slightly lower than previous studies on elite handball players. The result that female players reported a higher number of SRC and more varied symptoms than male players, aligns with several previous studies. The most common pathway back to handball was through the brain-ladder protocol. Our study contributes to increasing knowledge about SRC in handball and hopefully can help prevent this type of injury in the future.

Sea-based measures represent a new way of dealing with eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. They refer to different technological innovations that may be implemented at sea to target pollution that has already been released, in contrast to reducing discharges from the original source on land. These measures are not subject to any specific regulation. The Chapter explores how marine environmental law operates in the absence of specific rules and how environmental law principles manage to fill legal gaps. Moreover, sea-based measures raise interesting issues linked to the balancing of interests, as the arguments both against and in favour of the measures are based on environmental protection, and as the environmental impact of the measures is uncertain. A framework for applying the precautionary approach while expanding knowledge on the impact attached to different measures, as developed within the dumping regime, is also explored.